ISSN 0126-5539 PP2509/2/2006 Persatuan Geologi Malaysia

ARTA GEOLOGI 31 No.4 Julai-Ogos 2005

CATATAN GEOLOGI (Geological Notes)

Seismicity of South East Asia: April - May 2005 Che Noorli za Lat

PERTEMUAN PERSATUAN (Meetings of the Society)

Friday Afternoon Technical Talks - Report

BERITA-BERITA PERSATUAN (News of the Society)

Word From The President Word From The Chairman Of The Ed itori al Commitee

Keahli an (Membership) Pertukaran Alamat (Change of Address) Alamat Bam Dikehendaki (Current Address Wan ted) Pertambahan BarLI Perpustakaan (New Library Additions)

BERITA LAIN (Other News)

Up Coming Events In Malaysia Up Coming Events Outside Malaysia Uni versity of Hong Kong: MSc in Applied Geosciences

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PERSATUAN GEOLOGI MALAYSIA (GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF MALAYSIA)

MAJLlS (COUNCIL) 2005/06

Presiden (President) Lee Chai Peng

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The Society was founded in 1967 with the aim of promoting the advancement of earth sciences particularly in Malaysia and the Southeast Asian region. The Society has a membership of about 600 earth scientists interested in Malaysia and other Southeast Asian regions. The membership is worldwide in distribution.

The Warta Geologi (Newsletter of the Geological Society of Malaysia) is published bimonthly by the Geological Society of Malaysia. The Warta Geologi is available free to members of the Geological Society of Malaysia.

Geological Society of Malaysia Department of Geology, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel: 603-79577036 Fax: 603-7956 3900 e-mail: geologi@po.jaring.my URL: www.gsm.org.my

Abstract

Seismicity of South East Asia: April - June 2005

By Che Noorliza Lat

Geology Department University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur

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This short note is a continuation of a previous article looking the seism icity of South East Asia using the National Earthquake Information Centre's web data. This time, the duration is from April ti ll June 2005. As before, this study also focuses on magnitude and depth distributions, and how the seism icity is related to the tectonic features in the area.

The seism icity pattern during this period is similar to the seism icity from January to March 2005, with the exception of three events that were located on the Borneo Island. The major contributor to the seismicity of this area is still the activity near the site of M 9, December 26, 2004 earthquake. The area has remained dynamic and as mentioned previously, the activity is expected to continue in the next few months given the size of the quake. April has the most earthquakes, due to a major event in the previous month (an Mw 8.7 on March 28, 2005). The majority of the earthquakes were small (M < 5) and shallow (z < 33 km).

Introduction

The study area , bounded by latitudes 25°N and 12°S, and long itudes 900 E and 135°E, encompasses most of South East Asia. The data used is from the United States Geological Survey's (USGS) National Earthquake Data Centre (NEIC) Website (www.neic.usgs.gov) and from the Malaysian Meteorological Services (MMS) website (www.kjc.gov.my) for the period of January to June 2005.

General Seismicity

In total , there were 1906 earthquakes recorded in the study area in the second quarter of 2005 (Table 1). Aftershocks located close to the site of the Great Northern Sumatra Quake (26/12/04, Mw 9.0) are still a major contributor to the seism icity. A decreasing trend is shown by the monthly seismicity: 1060 quakes were recorded in April 2005, followed by 526 in May and 379 in June (Figure 1).

Table 1. Magnitude Distribution (April - June, 2005)

Magnitude Classification Frequency % < 4.9 Minor to Lif:lht 1741 91.34 5 - 5.9 Moderate 149 7.82 6 - 6.9 Stronf:l 16 0.84 7 - 7.9 Major 0 0.00 8 and higher Great 0 0.00

Total 1906

ISSN 0126-5539 Warta Geologi , Yol.3l , No.4, July-August 2005

Figure 1. Month ly Seismicity

Monthly Seismicity (January - June '05)

1600 1465 1400 1200 1000 800 600 427

400 D 200

o

758

D 0:-

~~

1060

526

D &~

"?-~ ~fl)~

108

379

D ~0

')-0

Compared to the previous months, there was an increase in activity in April. This is due to the occurrence of another great earthquake, an Mw 8.7 that occurred at the end of March, 2005, which had its own aftershocks. In general, the tecton ic features that contribute to the seismicity of this area are subduction zones, faults and spread ing rift zones that are found in the eastern, western and southern parts of the reg ion (Che Noorliza Lat, 2005).

Magnitude Distribution

More than 90% of the earthquakes in this region had magnitudes of less than 5 (Table 1). There were sixteen strong events (M > 6), out of which, twelve was located to the west of Sumatra, probably aftershocks of the December 26th Mw 9 earthquake. These and the one located south of Sumatra were triggered by the subduction of the Indian Plate under the Sunda Plate. The other three , located off the tip of Celebes, in the Molluca Sea, are probably associated with the Talaud-Mayu Ridge collis ion zone (Hutch inson , 1996). This col lision zone has been known to generate earthquakes in the Molucca Sea.

Depth Distribution

More than 80% of earthquakes in this area were reported as having shallow focal (Table 2). This number is biased because earthquakes with unresolved depths are also reported as shallow events. The shallow tremors are consistent with seismicity near a subducting plate boundary and transform faults.

Table 2. Depth Distribution (April - June, 2005)

Depth Classification Frequency % < 33 km Shallow 1593 81.07 34 - 150 km Intermediate 300 15.27 > 150 km Deep 72 3.66

Total 1965

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The two deepest events recorded in this region had focal depths exceeding 600 km. The first, a magnitude, (mb) 4.00 was located near Mindanao, Philippines, occurring in a steeply dipping seismic zone west of the Philippines Trench where the Philippines Basin lithosphere subducts under the Philippines Islands. The other deep event, a magnitude (mb) 4.7, occurred north of Sumbawa Island in Indonesia. This event is associated with Sunda Arc which extends from Sumba, along Java and Sumatra, north to Burma. This is the same tectonic feature that was responsible for the Great December 26, 2004 earthquake. Here, the India-Australia Plate converges at a rate of 7.0 - 7.S cm per annum (Hutchinson, 1996).

Earthquakes in Malaysia

During April till June 200S, three earthquakes that were located on Borneo Island - a mb 4.2 north of Bintulu, Sarawak, a mb 4.9 near the Sarawak-Brunei Border and a mb 4.S in Terusan (north of Sandakan), Sabah (Figure 2). All three had shallow foci, ranging from 10 to 24 km. According to the NEIC database for the past 20 years, no earthquakes were ever recorded in Terusan or at the Sarawak-Brunei border. There was, however, one earthquake recoded in Bintulu in 2004 (Mw S.2, depth 10km on 1/0S/04) at coordinates 3.S9°N and 113.93°E. The earthquakes near Bintulu and near the Sarawak-Brunei Border are situated near some inactive Pre-Quaternary faults. There is also some active strike-slip faulting nearby. The occurrence of the earthquake could mean that one of the inactive faults has become active or it could be due to the inaccuracy in locating the event. The earthquake in Terusan is associated with a north­easterly trending thrust fault.

Figure 2. Seismicity of South East Asia: April - June200S

90' 100' 110' 120' 130'

20' 20'

0 -33 -70

-150 10' 10'

-300

0 E p T

0' 0' H -500

-10'

-800 90' 100' 110' 120' 130'

For these local events, there is a discrepancy between the NEIC and the MMS data sets. Table 3 shows the data from NEIC and MMS for these East Malaysia earthquakes, There are no differences in time of the quake, which may be largely due to the fact that the MMS data were reported only to the nearest minute. The MMS reports earthquakes using the local time which is

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eight hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Focal depths were not reported by the MMS but one would suspect shallow origins for this earthquake given the tectonic features of the area. The discrepancy is less than 0.620 in latitude and 0.50 in longitude readings. There is a bigger, up to 12%, difference in the magnitudes reported by MMS and NEIC. This is due to the fact that magnitudes are harder to determine with high accuracy for smaller, local events compared to the respective epicentre and time data. The magnitude not only depends on the availability and quality of the data but also the software used in its determination.

Table 3. Comparison between the National Earthquake Information Center (NElC) and the Malaysia Meteorological Services (MMS) web data

Date Time (GMT) Latitude Longitude Magnitude

(mb) Depth (km)

NEIC MMS NEIC MMS NEIC MMS NEIC MMS NEIC MMS 19/041 1617 1617 3.48 4.62 113.90 113.4 4.20 4.8 10

05 17.33 -

23/051 1958 1958 6.26 6.06 117.71 117.7 4.90 6.2 19 05 9.66 -

30/061 1809 1809 4.33 4.07 115.62 115.4 4.50 4.5 24 05 48.47 -

Conclusion

The seismiCity of South East Asia (SEA) during the months of April till June 2005 is situated near the Sunda Arc as well as along the segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire that runs through the eastern part of SEA. Aftershocks of the great Sumatra quake of December 26, 2004 still contributed to the majority of the tremors. Most quakes had magnitudes of less than 5 with foci depths of less than 33 km.

Note on the NEIC Database

It is to be noted that there are limitations to this database due to the nature of the seismic network used in the location program making it difficult for the program to preCisely determine certain parameters such as the focal depth and magnitude with high accuracy (Che Noorliza Lat, 2005). There are also some earthquakes in the database that do not have either depth or magnitude information. The minimum magnitude recorded is 3.5.

The reported magnitudes are mostly bOdy-wave magnitudes (mb), as surface-wave magnitudes (ms) and moment magnitude (Mw) are usually only calculated for the larger (magnitude> 5.5) earthquakes.

Acknowledgement

The author wishes to acknowledge the USGS, NEIC and the Seismology Division of the MMS for making their data available for this study.

Reference:

Che Noorliza Lat, 2005. Seismicity of South East Asia: January - March 2005. Warta Geologi.

Hutchinson, Charles S., 1996. Geological Evolution of South East Asia, Geological Society of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 368p.

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Malaysian Meteorological Services' Seismological Division website, http://www.kjc.gov.my/english/service/seismology/. 2005.

National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) website, http://www.neic.usgs.gov, 2005.

Seismo-Tectonic Map of Malaysia, Department of Geological Survey, Malaysia, 1994.

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Friday Afternoon Technical Talks 19th August 2005

Venue: Department of Geology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur

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The event was organised by The Young Geologists Working Group in collaboration with Malaysia Site Investigation Assocoation (MSIA). The purpose of the event was to share some of the speaker's experience and knowledge with others.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tajul Anuar Jamaludin started his talk with an explanation on the occurrence of relict structures that controlled the engineering behaviour of highly weathered to completely weathered rock mass. He highlighted some case studies to show how relict structures affected the stability of slopes.

The second talk was by Mr. Rusli Abdullah of CT Toh Consultant. He highlighted the case where a geologist can be a bored piles designer. He showed the method used and the factors considered to design and construct them and also showed the equipments and tools used.

The last speaker was Mr. Rasid Jaafar, who started with a note that it would be his last talk before leaving for Hong Kong to do his M.Sc. in Engineering Geology. He highlighted his experience on curtain grouting at the Selangor Dam project. He explained in detail the method used taking into consideration the geological aspect as well as the material and machinery used.

There was a good turnout of about 40 participants for the session which ended at about 7.30pm.

Programme:

5.00pm :

5.45pm :

6.30pm

Relict Discontinuities and Cut Slope Instabilities in Humid Tropical Terrain - Malaysian Case Studies By Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tajul Anuar Jamaludin, University of Malaya

Bored Piles in Limestone Areas By Mr. Rusli Abdullah , Senior Geologist, CT Toh Consultant

Aspects of Curtain Grouting at Sungai Selangor Dam By Abd Rasid Jaapar, Soils & Foundations Sdn Bhd

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Word From The President

RESIGNATION OF GSM EDITOR

We are sad to inform you that our Society's editor, Dr. Liew Kit Kong , has resigned from his post in an e-mail dated 6 June 2005. The President and two Council Members, Dr. Iskandar Hj . Taib and Mr. Lau Yin Leong met up with Dr. Liew to discuss some of the issues raised and tried to persuade him to serve till the end of his term but he declined.

The Council met on 28 June 2005 to discuss the immediate measures that need to be implemented to ensure that the Society's publications can continue to be produced until a new editor is found or elected at the next AGM. Although we are empowered by the Constituition to appoint a new Editor, we have not found a candidate for the post. We have however, received an offer to help edit the Society's Newsletter from Dr. Ahmad Tajuddin Hj. Ibrahim and to edit the Bulletin and other publications from Dr. Iskandar Hj. Taib till the present term is completed or until a new Editor is found .

We hope that you would give your full support and cooperation to our two Chairmen of the editorial subcommittees for producing the Warta and Bulletin so that the Soceity's publications would not suffer. Thank you.

Lee Chai Peng President Geological Society of Malaysia 29 June 2005

Word From The Chairman of the Editorial Commitee

1. I would like to thank the Council for their confident to let me handle the Warta Geologi temporarily until a new editor is formally elected. I hope members would continue to send in articles suitable for Warta and at the same time I will try to get the issues out on time. I would like to include news concerning members in the coming issues. So please send in any good or sad news that you think should be made known to the others.

2. I would like to apologise for the mistakes in the list of Council Members as listed on the inside front page of the last issue. The correct list is as listed in this issue. My apology also for the delay in putting in the announcement from the President above which should also have been in the last issue .

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Keahlian (Membership)

Full Members

Nizarulkiram Abdul Rahim Jabatan Mineral & Geosains, Tkt 19-22, Bangunan Tabung Haji, Jalan Tun Abdul Razak, 50658 Kuala Lumpur.

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The following members have informed the Society of their new addresses:

Dr. Liaw Kim Kiat, EPG-X-XNTL, SNEPCo, 21/22 Marina, P.M.B. 2418, Lagos, Nigeria.

Dr Kamaludin bin Hassan, Jabatan Mineral & Geosains Sarawak, Jalan Wan Abdul Rahman, Kenyalang Park, Peti Surat 560, 93712 Kuching.

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Cheong Tze Ling, 19, Taman Tualang, 31800 Tanjong Tualang, Perak

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7. The Krakataus: Changes in a century series catastrophic eruption in 1883. Compiled by Hideo Tagawa, 2005.

8. Episodes, Vol. 28, No. 1, 2005 9. Nature & Human Activities , NO.9 (2005) 10. Humans & Nature, No. 15 (2005), 11. Geosciences Journal , Vol. 9, No.1 (2005), 12. Malaysian Science & Technology Congress 2005 13. U.S.G .S. Professional Paper: Nos. 1695, 1685 (2004)

Up Coming Events In Malaysia

2006, June 14 Geo Asia 2006 Conference Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre, Kuala Lumpur. Email: nar@mesallworld.com; Web Site : www.geo-asia.com

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2006, May 22-24 3rd lAG Symposium on Geodesy for Geotechnical & Structurak Engineering and 1 ih FIG Symposium on Deformation Measurements Baden, Austria Email: conf@pop.tuwien .ac.at; Web Site : http://info.tuwien.ac.atlingeo/sc4/baden/

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The University of Hong Kong

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Bulletin 42 (Dec 1998). 268 p. Papers from Petroleum Geology Conference 1997, Seminar on Tertiary Basins of Peninsular Malaysia and others. Edited by G.H. Teh. Price: RM50.00. Bulletin 43 (Dec 1999). 698 p. Papers from GEOSEA '98 (Ninth Regional Congress on Geology, Mineral and Energy Resources of Southeast Asia). Edited by G.H. Teh. Price: RM70.00. Bulletin 44 (July 2000). 178 p. A collection of papers from Annual Geological Conference 1999, Western Belt & Paleozoic of Peninsular Malaysia Seminar 1999 & others. Edited by G.H. Teh. Price: RM30.00. Bulletin 45 (May 2002). 375 p. Annual Geological Conference 2002 Conference Issue. Edited by G.H. Teh, Ismail Yusoff, Azman Abdul Ghani & T.F. Ng. Price: RM50.00. Bulletin 46 (May 2003). 489 p. Annual Geological Conference 2003 Conference Issue. Edited by G.H. Teh, Alex Unya Ambun, Askury Abd. Kadir & T.F. Ng. Price: RM60.00. Bulletin 47 (Dec 2003). 179 p. Papers from Petroleum Geology Conference 2002, Petroleum Geology Conference 1999 and others. Edited by G.H. Teh. Price: RM60.00. Bulletin 48 (May 2004). 130 p. Annual Geological Conference 2004 Conference Issue. Edited by Lee Chai Peng, Mohd. Shafeea Leman, Joy J. Pereira & T.F. Ng. Price: RM30.00. Field Guide 1 (1973). 40 p. A 7-day one thousand mile, geological excursion in Central and South Malaya. By C.S. Hutchison. Out of stock. Abstracts of papers (1972). Regional Conference on the Geology of Southeast Asia, Kuala Lumpur, 1972. 64 p. 8 figs, 3 tables, many extended abstracts. Edited by N.S. Haile. Price: RM2.00. Proceedings of the Workshop on Stratigraphic Correlation of Thailand and Malaysia Vol. 1. (1983). 383 p. Technical Papers. Price: Member: RM5.00; Non-member: RMI5.00. WARTA GEOLOGI (Newsletter of the Geological Society of Malaysia). Price: RM5.00 per bimonthly issue from July 1966. Geological Evolution of Southeast Asia (1996) (Reprinted Edition) by C.S. Hutchison. 368 p. Price: Member: RM50.00; Non-member: RM100.00; Student: RM30.00. Common Rocks of Malaysia (Colour Poster). Price: Member: RM8.00; Non-member: RM10.00; Student: RM7.00. Malaysian Stratigraphic Guide (Dec 1997). 30 p. Price: Member: RM5.00; Non­Member: RM10.00; Student Member: RM2.00. Proceedings Annual Geological Conference 2000. 435 p. Edited by G.H. Teh, Joy J. Pereira and T.F. Ng. Price: RM60.00. Proceedings Annual Geological Conference 2001. 320 p. Edited by G.H. Teh, Mohd. Shafeea Leman and T.F. Ng. Price: RM50.00. CD-Rom - Geology of Borneo Island (2001). Compiled by Robert B. Tate. Price: RM60.00.

PACKAGE DEAL A: General Geology/Malaysian Geology Bulletins 3, 4, 7,16,17,24,26,29,31 (9 books) Member: RM50.00 Student Member: RM30.00 Non-member: RM70.00 Student Non-member: RM40.00

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The Hon. Assistant Secretary Geological Society of Malaysia,

c/o Dept. of Geology, University of· Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA.

Tel: 603-79577036, Fax: 603-79563900, e-mail: geologi@po.jaring.my

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF MALAYSIA PUBLICATIONS

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Three copies of the text and illustrations mu st be subm itted. The scripts must be typewritten double-spaced on paper not exceeding 2 10 x 297 mm (or 8.27 x 11.69 inches, A4 size) . One side of the page mu st only be typed on.

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References cited in the text should be li sted at the end of the paper and arranged in alphabetical order and typed double-spaced. The name of the bookor journal must be in italics. The references should be quoted in the following manner:

HAMILTON, W. , 1979. Tectonics of the Indonesian region. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1078, 345p.

HOSKING , K.F.G. , 1973 . Primary mineral deposits . I n: Gobbett, D.J. and Hutchison, C.S. (Eds.), Geology of the Malay Peninsula (West Malaysia and Singapore). Wiley- [nterscience, New York, 335-390.

HUTCHI SON, C.S. , 1989. Geological Evolution of South-east Asia. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 368p.

SUNTHARALINGAM, T. , 1968. Upper Paleozoic stratigraphy of the area west of Kampar, Perak. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. I, I- IS .

TAYLOR, B ., A D HAYES, D. E., 1980. The tectonic evolution of the South Chin a Sea bas in . I n: D.E. Hayes (Ed. ), The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Sea and Islands, Part 2. Am. Geop/ty. Union Monograph 23, 89- 104.

Submission of electronic text. In order to publi sh the paper as quickly as poss ible after acceptance, authors are requested to submit the final text also on a 3.5" di skette or Compact Disk. Both Maci ntosh and PC (DOS/Windows) platforms are su pported. Main tex t, tables and illustrations should be stored in separate files with clearly identi fiab le names. Tex t made with most word processors can be readil y processed but authors are advised to provide an additional copy of the text fil e in ASCII format. Preferred fo rmat fo r illustration is Encapsulated PostScri pt (EPS) but authors may submit graphi c files in their nati ve form. It is essenti al that the name and version of softwares used is clearly indicated. The fin al manuscript may contain parts (e.g. formul ae, complex tabl es) or last-minute correcti ons which are not included in the electronic tex t on the di skette; however, thi s should be clearl y marked in an additional hardcopy of the manuscript. Authors are encouraged to ensure that apart from any such small last-minute corrections, the disk version and the hardcopy must be identical. Discrepancies can lead to proofs of the wrong version being made.

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