RIIF!SuperMS!

Biennial workshop on Low Temperature Detectors

The Neutrinos for

everybody

AIST, JAXA, Uni. Tokyo, JSPS

First LTD in Asia

LTD-13,

LTD-13, US, 2009

LTD-14, Japan again or EU?, 2011

LTD-1(Munich) 1987

RIIF!SuperMS!

LTD

Enss (Heidelberg),

MMC+SQUID, X-ray

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Kilbourne (NASA), Irwin (NIST), TES+SQUID, X-ray

Mitsuda (JAXA)

Constellation-X!2.27+/-0.17 eV!

2 ms!

Nam (NIST), SSPD +Semi., infrared

Wang (NICT), SSPD+Semi., infrared Fukuda (AIST), TES+SQUID, infrared

AIST SQUID

Wang (NICT +AIST), SSLD+Semi., atoms to proteins

Ohkubo et al.(AIST), STJ+FET, atoms to proteins

1.55!m

400 kHz counting TES

The largest particle detector

IgG

Neutrinos, Dark matters

Quantum communication X-ray satellite

Biomolecules Nuclear fuels

Friedrich (LLNL)

STJ+Semi. SR

Material analysis

with synchrotron radiation

RIIF!SuperMS!

M. Ohkubo, AIST

Superconducting detectors for particles

from atoms to proteins

RIIF!SuperMS!

Why do we need superconductors ?

3 keV

Acetone: 100 km/s

IgG: 2 km/s

IgM: 770 m/s

+ molecules

v

Projected range

< 10 nm or landing

5 eV 241Am

!"#$%&'()&!-particle

16,000 km/s

Electrons!~MeV

atoms

The answer is because

superconducting

detectors are very good

phonon sensors.

3-30 keV

" v

detector

RIIF!SuperMS!

Superconducting phonon detection DOS of electrons

DOS of quasielectrons

2#$=3.1 meV

Eg

=1.12 eV

0

Density o

f sta

tes

gap

gap

Si Nb

Si

Nb

DOS of

phonons

Debye energy(%D) =24 meV (Nb)

=56 meV (Si)

Band structure

Conduction band

Valence band

EF!

E

2#=~meV!

Cooper-pair!

Energy(%) "

No mass dependence &

Kinetic energy measurement

for biomolecules even at landing

RIIF!SuperMS!

What do we measure with superconducting devices ?

nucleus

Golgi complex Mitochondria

Ribosomes

15 !m

[4]：bases ATGC [64]：codon（three bases → an amino acid） [20]：amino acids　 [100,000]：proteins　

nuclear membrane!

nuclear pore!

DNA

RNA

RNA polymerase!

ribosome!

protein!

Proteomics

RIIF!SuperMS!

MRI T2

Biomaker discovery

Malignant lymphoma in the right thorax

(Cancer in lymphatic system)

pathological diagnosis!

55 kDa

IL-2R on B cell

RIIF!SuperMS!

MCP

MALDI 20 keV (Nobel prize in 2002)

High Voltage

UV-laser

Ground t!

Time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer

Dete

ction e

ffic

iency

0

100%

*!Molecular mass

Detection efficiency for a

biomarker,sIL-2R, is

2-3 %.

55 kDa

4000

Superconducting detectors

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization

RIIF!SuperMS!

Conventional particle detectors

10 mm

Microchannel plate detector

for biomolecules

Si surface barrier detector

for high energy particles

Secondary electron multiplier (very poor E resolution , 100% < 4,000 Da)

Electron-hole pair creation (no sensitivity for biomolecules)

Au or Al

x106 e SE

3-30 keV

3-30 keV (4 eV/C)

Si

~50 nm

E

RIIF!SuperMS!

Our particle detectors

can be seen by a digital camera.

FDP-53 Y. Chen et al. (Wed)

10 mm

RIIF!SuperMS!

Phonon creation

•"Uncovered Nb electrode

•"Large junction

•"Extremely low leakage current

commonly used

detector quality

200!m

RIIF!SuperMS!

Particles

IgG 146 kDa

14.6kDa Lysozyme(enzyme)

66.4 kDa BSA

C60 720

Acetone 58.08

CH3COCH3

C 12

CnF2n+2!

Perfluorokerosene 900 !

Agn n = 1,3,5,7 107.9 - 755

polystyrene 100k - 2M Da

Ribosome

2.5 MDa

MW = 12 - 2,000,000 E = 3 - 20 keV

immunoglobulin(antibody)

Peptides 2,000

cerebrum of mouse

200 kDa

RIIF!SuperMS!

100!m-square

C60

32% 32%

SiO2 700 nm

RIIF!SuperMS!

Protein aggregation

250kDa

100kDa

Lysozym

(14,350 Da enzyme, nasal drip)

Aggregation cause an

amyloidosis (renal damage).

AXIMA

Super MS

++ 1

2 3

4 5 6

2

3

4 5

6 ++

1

7 8 9 10 11 12

Abnormal protein (prion)

#-helix+"+$-sheet

RIIF!SuperMS!

FDP-54 Y. Kobayashi et al. (Wed)

Fragmentation

in a high mass range

IgG

RIIF!SuperMS!

Superconducting stripline detector (SSLD)

Fabricated by Z. Wang et al., NICT

NbN nanowire detector

200 nm

NbN(50 x 50 !m, t = 7 nm)

MALDI ion source

4 K

Cryostat

can be faster than 100 ps

(90 ns in STJ)

Time resolution is

essential for MS.

K. Irwin(NIST)

R. Cristiano, C.N.R. - Institute of Cybernetics

Superconducting single photon detector (SSPD)

Superconducting nanowire detector (SND)

Transition edge sensor (TES) Superconducting strip after Andrew in 1949

RIIF!SuperMS!

Detection of a peptide and protein

1.3 kDa

66.4 kDa

Falltime = 35 ns

RIIF!SuperMS!

FDP-52 K. Suzuki, et al. (Wed)

+ ++

bovine serum albumin

(BSA) 64.4 kDa

SSLD

MCP/scintillator/photomultiplier

First mass spectrum

with SSLD

The same peak ratio

as that by STJ

Broad peak is due

to the sample.

540 ps risetime (90 ns in STJ).

Mass independent sensitivity is expected.

RIIF!SuperMS!

CH7-1

A superconducting particle spectrometer

0.3 K

25K 3K

3He pot

PT 3He NbTi

0.3 K

25K 3K

100 STJ array

8 mm

100 channel

TOF and kinetic energy

IR

analog

Digital(5ns)

Mark of molecule landing

Needs for superconducting data processing

•"STJ: 1ns, 0.5pA/&Hz, 100ch (t and E)

•"SSLD: 0.1ns 10ch (t only)

RIIF!SuperMS!

Ion sources for atoms and macromolecules

IR-MALDI

9.4T and 12T FT-MS

ESI

MALDI

MCP

MALDI

High Voltage

UV laser 337nm

Ground TOF

~ 2 MDa, ~20 keV

< 4,500Da, < 3 keV

MALDI TOF-MS

Double-focusing MS

(EI/CI/FAB)

Alzheimer's disease!N. Zen, et al.

RIIF!SuperMS!

MS market in Japan

ESI

MALDI, ESI

Nobel prize

MALDI, ESI

Nobel prize

RIIF!SuperMS!

7 July, 2007

Superspectroscopy group

A. Kurokawa, M. Ukibe, T. Itatani, I. Chen, K. Takahashi, Y. Chen, S. Shiki, K. Suzuki, Y. Shimizugawa, K. Chiba, Y. Kobayahsi, kids, and M. Ohkubo

Particles

H. Sato

K. Teramoto

T. Kinumi

Y. Shigeri

9AM 16 May, 2006

Y. Sato

S. Tomita

S. Hayakawa

S. Miki

Z. Wang

岡崎統合バイオ M. Setou