ISQS 6339, Business ISQS 6339, Business IntelligenceIntelligenceData Warehousing Data Warehousing Zhangxi LinTexas Tech University

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OutlinesOutlinesSo far students have learned

◦ Basic concepts of business intelligence◦ The definition and importance of data warehouse

In this lecture, the following topics will be covered◦ SQL Server 2008 data mart case study

How to access data in a network directory How to access SQL Server 2008 on the Citrix Server How to load data from an Excel file to a database

◦ Data warehouse overview◦ Data warehouse architecture◦ Data integration

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Data Warehousing Data Warehousing Definitions and ConceptsDefinitions and Concepts

Data warehouse◦ Video – Overview of data warehouse 2’38”A physical repository where relational data are specially organized to provide enterprise-wide, cleansed data in a standardized format

Benefits of data warehouse 3’18”

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Data martData mart

DefinitionA localized data warehouse that stores only relevant data to a department or even an individual◦ Dependent data mart

A subset that is created directly from a data warehouse

◦ Independent data martA small data warehouse designed for a strategic business unit or a department

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Data MartData Mart- - The IMW CaseThe IMW CaseIMW, standing for Internet Media Works!, is an ASP in real estate information services. It is headquartered in Austin, Texas. CEO is Gary Anderson. Web page: http://www.inetworks.com

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About IMWAbout IMW

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Based in Austin, Texas, IMW (Internet Media Works!) is an ASP, specialized mainly in web-based application development, database integration, and web development and hosting for all kinds of businesses.

IMW has been more successful in selling its e-business services for commercial real estate. Its services include lead generation, real estate transaction management, property listing, realtor membership management, real estate indices, real estate auctions, etc., with COMMREX as a complete e-business solution.

IMW used to have up to 6 full-time employees and a few part-time employees.

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Website Hosting Services

Core Membership Database Services

Core Property Listing Database Services

Optional WebsiteHosting Services

Optional Membership Database Services

Optional Property Listing Database Services

Public UserApplication

Services

Networking and System Operation ServicesPublic User Support

Internet Service Provider’s Services

IMW’s Web-Based Application Services

IMW’s Services

Why need Data Mart?Why need Data Mart?Data mart complements the centralized

data warehousing based on UDM model, for the situations where UDM cannot be used◦ Legacy databases◦ Data are from nondatabase sources◦ No physical connection the centralized data

warehouse◦ Data are not clean

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Data Mart StructuresData Mart StructuresFact tables

◦ MeasuresDimension tables

◦ Dimensions and Hierarchies◦ Attributes (or columns)

Dimensional modeling – Stars and Snowflakes

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Measures Measures A numeric quantity expressing some of

the organization’s performance. The information represented by this quantity is used to support or evaluate the decision making and performance of the organization.

A measure is also called a factThe table holding measure information is

called as a fact table

Dimensions vs. Measures 2’38”

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Commrex Real Estate Operational Commrex Real Estate Operational DatabaseDatabase Users: property listors, webmaster, marketing manager of

IMW Objective: Encourage realtors to use the online ASP

services with the best information services to increase IMW’s revenue.

Value Chain ◦ Listors create their account◦ Listors post their real estate properties to the web-based

database services and pay listing fees◦ Property buyers search the website-based database and

buy properties from listors. This is the incentive for listors to use the ASP services

Business Processes◦ Listor sign up◦ Listor account management◦ Property data posting◦ Property search◦ Property database maintenance

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Property ID

Listor ID Listor ID

Address

Property Type

City

Company ID

Chapter

Functions

Specializations

Comp Name

Address

Telephone #

Listor Name

UpdateDate

Feature

Property Type

Subtype 1

Type Name

Subtype 2

Subtype n

M:1

M:M

M:M

Primary Key

Secondary Key

Link to a table

Legends

Property Listing DatabaseMembership Database

IMW’s Database ERD Model

Company ID

TransactionID

PropID

UserIDM:1

Commrex Data WarehousingCommrex Data Warehousing Users: CEO of IMW, IMW business analyst, IMW

marketing manager Analytic themes

◦ Fast retrieval of business key performance indicators (KPIs)

◦ Decision making on business promotions Applications

◦ Geographic distribution of property listings◦ Scorecard for main performance indicators◦ Dashboard

Questions◦ How to model data warehouse? ◦ What are required in data transformation and

preprocessing?◦ Any missing dimension for data ware housing?◦ How to perform routine data warehouse updates –

frequency, timing, etc.

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Property ID

Listor ID Listor ID

Address

PropType

City

Company ID

Chapter

Functions

Specializations

Company ID

Address

Telephone #

Listor Name

UpdateDate

Features

PropType

…SubName

Primary Key

Secondary Key

Link to a table

Legends

Property Listing Fact Membership Dimension

IMW’s Data Warehouse Dimensional Model

Company Dimension

Property TypeDimension

Comp Name

Year

Month

Date

Quarter

Data Warehouse Data Warehouse OverviewOverview

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Data Warehousing Data Warehousing CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Basic characteristics of data warehousing ◦ Subject oriented ◦ Integrated ◦ Time variant (time series)◦ Nonvolatile (not allow to change)

Others◦ Web based ◦ Relational/multidimensional ◦ Client/server ◦ Real-time ◦ Include metadata

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Data Warehousing Data Warehousing Process OverviewProcess Overview

Data in DW are constantly accumulated. ◦ Organizations continuously collect data, information,

and knowledge at an increasingly accelerated rate and store them in computerized systems

The number of users is constantly increasing.◦ The number of users needing to access the

information continues to increase as a result of improved reliability and availability of network access, especially the Internet

The organization using data warehouse relied on DW more and more

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Data Warehousing Data Warehousing More ConceptsMore Concepts

Operational data stores (ODS)A type of database often used as an interim area for a data warehouse, especially for customer information files

Enterprise data warehouse (EDW)A large-scale data warehouse used across the enterprise for decision support. It integrates different sources of information into a consolidated information system.

Metadata (Video 1’41”)Data about data. In a data warehouse, metadata describe the contents of a data warehouse and the manner of its use ◦ Syntactic metadata, structural metadata, and semantic

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Data Warehousing Data Warehousing Process OverviewProcess Overview

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Data Warehousing Data Warehousing Process OverviewProcess Overview

The major components of a data warehousing process ◦Data sources ◦Data extraction ◦Data loading ◦Comprehensive database ◦Metadata ◦Middleware tools

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Data Warehouse Data Warehouse ArchitecturesArchitectures

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Three Parts of Data Three Parts of Data WarehouseWarehouse

The data warehouse that contains the data and associated software

Data acquisition (back-end) software that extracts data from legacy systems and external sources, consolidates and summarizes them, and loads them into the data warehouse

Client (front-end) software that allows users to access and analyze data from the warehouse

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Three-Tier Data Three-Tier Data WarehouseWarehouse

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Alternative Data Warehouse Alternative Data Warehouse Architectures (1)Architectures (1)

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Alternative Data Warehouse Alternative Data Warehouse Architectures (2)Architectures (2)

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Alternative Data Warehouse Alternative Data Warehouse Architectures (3)Architectures (3)

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Alternative Data Warehouse Alternative Data Warehouse Architectures (4)Architectures (4)

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Alternative Data Warehouse Alternative Data Warehouse Architectures (5)Architectures (5)

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Architectures ComparisonArchitectures Comparison

Teradata’s EDWTeradata’s EDW

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Hadoop – for BI in the Hadoop – for BI in the ClouderaClouderaHadoop is a free, Java-based programming

framework that supports the processing of large data sets in a distributed computing environment.

Hadoop makes it possible to run applications on systems with thousands of nodes involving thousands of terabytes.

Hadoop was inspired by Google's MapReduce, a software framework in which anapplication is broken down into numerous small parts. Doug Cutting, Hadoop's creator, named the framework after his child's stuffed toy elephant.

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Apache HadoopApache Hadoop The Apache Hadoop framework is

composed of the following modules :◦Hadoop Common - contains libraries

and utilities needed by other Hadoop modules

◦Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS).

◦Hadoop YARN - a resource-management platform responsible for managing compute resources in clusters and using them for scheduling of users' applications.

◦Hadoop MapReduce - a programming model for large scale data processing.

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MapReduceMapReduce

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MapReduce is a framework for processing parallelizable problems across huge datasets using a large number of computers (nodes), collectively referred to as a cluster or a grid. 

How Hadoop OperatesHow Hadoop Operates

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Cloudera’s Hadoop SystemCloudera’s Hadoop System

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Hadoop 2: Big data's big leap Hadoop 2: Big data's big leap forwardforward

The new Hadoop is the Apache Foundation's attempt to create a whole new general framework for the way big data can be stored, mined, and processed.

The biggest constraint on scale has been Hadoop’s job handling. All jobs in Hadoop are run as batch processes through a single daemon called JobTracker, which creates a scalability and processing-speed bottleneck.

Hadoop 2 uses an entirely new job-processing framework built using two daemons: ResourceManager, which governs all jobs in the system, and NodeManager, which runs on each Hadoop node and keeps the ResourceManager informed about what's happening on that node.

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MapReduce 2.0 – YARNMapReduce 2.0 – YARN(Yet Another Resource (Yet Another Resource Negotiator)Negotiator)

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Teradata Teradata Big Data Big Data PlatformPlatform

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Dell representation of the Dell representation of the Hadoop ecosystemHadoop ecosystem

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Nokia’s Big Data Nokia’s Big Data Architechture Architechture

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Comparison between big data Comparison between big data platform and traditional BI platformplatform and traditional BI platform

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Resolving legacy problemResolving legacy problem – Dual – Dual platformplatform

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Ten factors that potentially Ten factors that potentially affect the architecture affect the architecture selection decisionselection decision

1. Information interdependence between organizational units

2. Upper management’s information needs

3. Urgency of need for a data warehouse

4. Nature of end-user tasks5. Constraints on resources

6. Strategic view of the data warehouse prior to implementation

7. Compatibility with existing systems

8. Perceived ability of the in-house IT staff

9. Technical issues10. Social/political factors

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Data IntegrationData Integration

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Data IntegrationData Integration

Integration that comprises three major processes: ◦ data access, ◦ data federation, and ◦ change capture.

When these three processes are correctly implemented, data can be accessed and made accessible to an array of ETL and analysis tools and data warehousing environments

ETL Tools 4’56”

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Data IntegrationData Integration

Enterprise application integration (EAI)A technology that provides a vehicle for pushing data from source systems into a data warehouse, including application functionality integration. Recently service-oriented architecture (SOA) is applied

Enterprise information integration (EII) An evolving tool space that promises real-time data integration from a variety of sources, such as relational databases, Web services, and multidimensional databases

Extraction, transformation, and load (ETL)A data warehousing process that consists of extraction (i.e., reading data from a database), transformation (i.e., converting the extracted data from its previous form into the form in which it needs to be so that it can be placed into a data warehouse or simply another database), and load (i.e., putting the data into the data warehouse)

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Transformation Tools: To Transformation Tools: To purchase or to Build in-Housepurchase or to Build in-House

Issues affect whether an organization will purchase data transformation tools or build the transformation process itself ◦ Data transformation tools are expensive◦ Data transformation tools may have a long learning curve◦ It is difficult to measure how the IT organization is doing

until it has learned to use the data transformation tools Important criteria in selecting an ETL tool

◦ Ability to read from and write to an unlimited number of data source architectures

◦ Automatic capturing and delivery of metadata◦ A history of conforming to open standards◦ An easy-to-use interface for the developer and the

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Open Source Software for Open Source Software for Big DataBig DataOracle VM VirtualBoxCloudera Hadoop - Get Started

With Enterprise HadoopHortonworks Data Platform -

Hortonworks.comGoogle Hadoop Solutions -

google.comHadoop on Google Cloud PlatformHadoop & NoSQL - MarkLogic.com

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Structure and Components of Structure and Components of Business IntelligenceBusiness Intelligence

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SSMS SSIS SSAS

SSRS

SASEM

SASEG

MS SQL Server 2008

BIDS

Exercise 1 – Walk through Exercise 1 – Walk through data warehousing processdata warehousing process Learning Objectives

◦ To gain a general impression how to use SQL Server 2008 to implement a data mart

Tasks◦ Create your database with SSMS, named as

ISQS6339_lastname◦ Import data from Commrex_2011.xls◦ Use SSMS to create a ERD diagram◦ Create a SSAS project using BIDS◦ Define data source, data source view, and cube

Deliverable: ◦ One-page printout of the screenshot of the cube diagram

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