ISOL@MYRRHA
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Transcript of ISOL@MYRRHA
ISOL@MYRRHA
Dieter Pauwels
K.U. LeuvenInstituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
An Isotope Separator On-Line facility coupled to theMYRRHA high-intensity proton accelerator
Outline
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
• The MYRRHA project in Mol, Belgium
• ISOL@MYRRHA: an ISOL facility coupled to the MYRRHA proton driver
• ISOL@MYRRHA: examples of unique research opportunities
• Conclusions
Lead-Bismuth coolant
Sub-critical reactorAccelerator (600 MeV proton, 4 mA)
The MYRRHA concept (SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium)
ADS “Accelerator Driven System”
Neutron multiplier
Fastneutronsource
Waste transmutation
Material testing
others: RI, NTD-Si,...
Flexible irradiation facility
Spallation source( proton neutron )• Cost: 960 M€ (40% contribution from Belgium)
• Timeline:
• 2010 – 2015: detailed engineering, tenders, testing, licensing
• 2015 – 2022: construction, assembling, commissioning
• 2022 – 2024: progressive MYRRHA start-up to full-power operation
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
100 ms
100 ms
An ISOL facility coupled to MYRRHA: ISOL@MYRRHA
RFQ DTL
Super-conducting section
Spoke cavities 350 MHz
Elliptical cavities: 700 MHz, 3 sections
~0.1 3-5 ~20 ~100 ~200 ~500
1 GeV
600
Ion Source
H+
Magnetic kicker
E (MeV)
MYRRHA
100-200 mA, ~DC
Low-resolution mass separator
RFQ cooler and buncherHigh-resolution
mass separator
Unique opportunities for:
• Fundamental interactions
• Solid-state physics
• Nuclear physics
• Atomic physics
• Radio-pharmaceuticals
Ruggedized target: SiC/C, TiC/C, ZrC/C, La, Ta, UC/C
Sustainable 1+ ion source: Surface Ion., ECR, RILIS
ISOL@MYRRHA
2-4 ms
Proton duty cycle
t0
I0
I
3.8-3.9 mA, ~DC
4 mA, DC
• I=4 mA (DC), E=600 MeV (upgradeable to 1 GeV)
• <5 trips (>1s) per 3 months (=extremely high reliability)
• Short beam-off time periods (100 ms) for diagnostics purposes
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
ISOL@MYRRHA: technical options
• Ruggedized target materials• Ruggedized: Carbide (e.g., SiC/C, UC/C, …) or metal (e.g., Nb, Ta, …) targets• Including UC/C: workhorse targets at present
• Ruggedized target-ion source systems delivering ~50-keV RIB:• ECR 1+: gaseous elements (noble gases, C, N, O,..))• Surface ion source (hot cavity): alkaline and earth alkaline elements• Laser ion sources
• “Green field” facility at a nuclear site (SCK•CEN):• optimal lay-out of the facility: pre-separator – RF-cooler – post-separator (mass resolution: M/DM > 10000)• multiple ion beams simultaneously : limited mass range for same element • specific experimental hall requirements (e.g. neutron detection hall, vibration free laboratory, low-
background room)
Element and isomer selectivity
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
RILIS ionization schemesCurrently available elements
Elements for which ionization schemes have been tested to some extent but not yet applied
Elements for which ionization is feasible at RILIS but has not been tested
http://isolde.web.cern.ch/ISOLDE/
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
ISOL@MYRRHA: production yields
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
ISOL@MYRRHA: production yields
~Energy independent
Strong energy dependency
Strong energy dependency
p + 238U
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
ISOLDE-PSB
EURISOL
ISOLDE-SC and ISOL@MYRRHA
Prospects of ISOL@MYRRHA
• Can deliver:• pure RIB: selective ionization, chemistry, M/DM > 10.000• intense RIB x100 compared to the present ISOLDE (‘standard’ RIB)• RIB of good ion optical quality• optimal experimental conditions/lay-out/support• very long beam times
• Based on proven technology (largely on ISOLDE and TRIUMF experience)
• Long beam times (e.g. several weeks) for experiments that:• need very high statistics• involve many time consuming systematic measurements• hunt for very rare events• have an inherent limited detection efficiency
• Research in the field of fundamental interaction studies, nuclear physics, atomic physics, condensed matter research, life science,…
• Long term options:• 1-GeV proton beam (spallation and target fragmentation region)• post-acceleration of the RIB to 10 MeV/u
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
Complementary to other ISOL and In-Flight facilities
Nuclear Physics
Astro-physics
Atomic Physics
Fundamental Interactions
Other Applications
Decay: 1%
Reactions: 10%
Day Week Month YearTime scale
Reactions: 10%, 100 mb
Masses
Condensed Matter
Pilot studies
Prototypes
m, Q, <r2>
Prototype
Radiopharmacy (prototype)
Radiotherapy (prototype)
SHE chemistry
Rare decays, high precision: cluster decay, SHE
Systematic sample measurements
Bohr-Weisskopf, isotope dependence
(84<Z<92)
Correlation measurements, EDM
Production
Exploitation
HIE-ISOLDE, GANIL, TRIUMF, ORNL, EURISOL, GSI, RIKEN, MSU,…
ISOL@MYRRHA
Radiative capture reactions (low cross section)
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
Fundamental interactions
1. Nuclei at or close to the N = Z line - Nuclei with 0+ 0+ transitions - T = 1/2 mirror nuclei (e.g. 21Na21Ne)
2. Nuclei with fast (small logft) and pure G-T transitions
3. Neutral atoms with high atomic number Z - Atomic states with opposite parity close in energy - Strong nuclear octupole deformation - Simple atomic structure (e.g., alkali elements)
Possible subjects:
1. Ft0+ 0+
- Conserved vector current hypothesis - Unitarity of CKM quark mixing matrix - Right-handed currents - Scalar currents
2. Correlation measurements - Scalar currents - Tensor currents - Parity violation - Time reversal invariance
3. Superallowed beta transitions of the T=1/2 mirror nuclei
- Unitarity of CKM quark mixing matrix - Right-handed currents - Time reversal invariance - Scalar currents - Tensor currents
4. Symmetry tests in neutral atoms - Parity violation - Time reversal invariance
High-precision experiments with long beam times
• Data taking (statistics)• Instrument calibration (systematic
errors)
Nuclei of interest:
Type of experiments:
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
0+→0+ Fermi transitions
21 1 3074.4(12)
2 1R NS C V
V R
KFt ft s
G
1. CVC hypothesis
2. Unitarity CKM matrix
3. Right-handed currents
4. Scalar currents
J.C. Hardy and I.S. Towner, Phys. Rev. C 79 (2009) 055502
1. CVC OK up to 4 * 10-4 level
2 2 2 2 0.99995(61)ui ud us ubi
V V V V2.
1
2
2122
cos sin
sin cos
L R
L R
W W W
W W W
m
m
0.00003(30)
3.
2 1 2uii
V
'
0.0021 Re 0.0065S S
V
C C
C
4. Via inclusion of Fierz interference term:
(90% CL)
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
0+→0+ Fermi transitions: Error budget
Options: - improve quantities indicated by green & blue arrows (alkalis and noble gases only) - if CVC accepted Ft-measurements test dc - dNS from theoretical models - go for factor ~10 higher precision in Ft than available now for the 4 isotopes
indicated - investigate other candidates using a laser-ion source
• Overall precision: 4 * 10-4
Required precision of single measurements: < 10-3
T1/2 and BR : < 10-3
Theoretical corrections dC, dR ~ 1% : < 10%
Error budget and opportunities for ISOL@MYRRHA
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
Correlation measurementsTraps
• Search for exotic currents: pure Fermi (S current) or GT (T current) decayaF, aGT (nucleus recoil: trap, g-ray Doppler shift with crystal spectrometer) ; AGT (dominated by syst. errors)
• Symmetry tests: Parity violation and time reversal invariance AGT, BGT (parity) ; D (V and A), R (S and T) (time reversal, only n, 8Li and 19Ne measured)
Solution
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
Super-allowed decays of T=1/2 mirror transitions
2
0 21 6173(22)
1a
Vv V R
f KFt Ft s
f GO. Naviliat-Cuncic and N. Severijns, PRL 102 (2009) 142302 ; N. Severijns et al., PRC 78 (2008) 055501
A GT
V F
C M
C M
19Ne21Na
29P
35Ar 37K
1. CVC OK up to 3.6 * 10-3 level
defined from a(r), A(r), or B(r)
0.9719(17)udV2.More sensitive than 0+ → 0+ decays.
For 35Ar, e.g.: measuring A at 0.5% (now at 5%), gives Vud at 7 * 10-4.
r: from measured Ft and using Ft0+→0+
3. Scalar and tensor currentsa(r), A(r), B(r)
A.
B.
4. Parity violationA(r), B(r)
5. Time reversal invarianceR(r)
D. Pauwels Scientific Meeting January 6, 2010 Leuven
Nuclear Structureb-decay spectroscopy:
Interest in small b-decay branches:• Decay rate l ~ f x |M|2
branching ratio = l/ltot
• Beta-decay f-factor ~ (Q-E)5
transitions with large strength to high E
• Allowed / first forbidden / …
Required equipment:• Implant in catcher foil / detector – trap• Detectors for b, g, charged particles, n
Sn
Qb
b
n
Z,N
Z+1,N-1
Z+1,N-2
High-precision measurements and/or experiments with inherent limited detection efficiency:
• Example: g-ray crystal spectrometer with a bent-crystal geometry (cf. GAMS5): <10-5
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
Possible subjects for nuclear structure
2. Decay of ‘Halo’ nuclei– Decay into continuum– Clustering
– β n/p emission: study of p/ competition
– β 2p: only data for 31Ar
– β 2n: very limited information 11Li, 19C, 30-34Na, 52K
– β d/t emission: 6He (,d); 8He (,t)– New branches
• 8He (,d); 11Li (,pn)• βt 29,30,32Ne, 32,33,34Na; βd 32Ne, 34Na
1. (Multi-)particle emission
3. Other cluster studies– 12C – 3 α’s: decay of 12N/B
– 13N/C – add nucleon: decay of 13O/B
– 16O – 4 α’s / 12C+α: decay of 16N
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
Solid-state physics (8Li b-NMR)8Li b-NMR at TRIUMF• produce polarized 8Li
– circularly polarized laser light– asymmetry in -decay of 8Li
• Implant 8Li in surface– destroy asymmetry by sending in NMR
signal• Frequency and line shape tells about
interaction between solid and 8Li
What happens near an interface?• We go from 3D to 2D system• Changes in magnetic, electronic and structural properties with superior depth sensitivity.Questions:How/why do the properties change?On what scale ? Motivation: Better understanding of both bulk and interface Application in devices.
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
Solid-state physics (Emission Channeling)
Direct information on the lattice site of impurity atoms with high sensitivity and precision:
Understand the effect of impurity atoms and the influence of lattice defects
Understand electrical, magnetic, and optical properties
Elements for which channeling experiments have been reported
Important criteria: Decay T1/2 (< ~ months),
energy of emitted particle,
superposition decay chains,
radiation protection issues,
RIB yield.
Higher yield: more suitable isotopes and several new probe elements become available
Long and frequent beam access: more detailed systematic studies become possible
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
Atomic-physics techniquesObservables:
Mass,
Isotope shift,
Magnetic-dipole interaction parameter (A),
Electric-quadrupole interaction parameter (B),
Hyperfine anomaly
Nuclear binding energy,
Mean-square charge radius,
Magnetic-dipole moment (A),
Electric-quadrupole moment (B),
Mean-square neutron radius
Nuclear ground-state properties:
Model-independent information
Interest in laser- and radiofrequency-spectroscopy with:• High sensitivity (study of weakly-produced beams)
• Resonance-ionization spectroscopy• experiments with MOTs• Laser-Ion Source Trap (LIST) for ultra-high selectivity
• High precision (observing weak effects)• Collinear spectroscopy• experiments with MOTs• experiments with EBIT (highly-charged ions) and Penning traps
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
Collinear spectroscopy of Be(W. Nörtershäuser et al., PRL 102 (2009) 062503)
Opportunities with laser spectroscopyCharge radii of light nuclei
6He in MOT (L.-B. Wang et al., PRL 93 (2004) 142501)
Single-atom sensitivity
Hyperfine anomaly
Except for a few cases, there are no systematic measurements
Polarized beams
For fundamental-interaction studies, solid-state physics (see above), and biophysics (e.g., b-NMR of Cu atoms in proteins).
Ultra-selective ion source
LISTK. Blaum et al., NIM B 204 (2003) 331
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
Radio-pharmaceuticalsConventional cancer treatments:• Surgery• Radiation therapy• Combination of radiation and
surgery• Chemotherapy
149Tb produced at ISOL facility
Beginning of:• Systematic radio-nuclide therapy
Tumor-seeking tracer labeled with a emitter
Range of a emitters: 30-80 mm (cell surgery)
Important criteria:• Half-life• Radio-toxicity of daughter isotopes• Bio-kinetics (in-vivo stability of tumor-
seeking tracer)• Affordable production price• Reliable supply
Burkitt-lymphoma cancer study on mice:(G.J. Beyer et al., Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 31 (2004) 547)
Tumor-seeking tracer: Rituximab
Radio-isotope: 149Tb
5MBq 149Tb-MoAb, 5mg MoAb
300mg MoAb
5mg MoAb
No therapy
70-kg patient sample (5 GBq):
0.6-GeV p + Ta: ~1.5h/sample (~6000 per year)
1-GeV p + Ta: ~0.6h/sample (~15000 per year)
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
Timeline ISOL@MYRRHA
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
2020-2022: MYRRHA ADS commissioning phase → 1st beam on ISOL@MYRRHA possible
2013: finish concept design of ISOL system and target stations
2015: finish the engineering design
2016: awarding construction contracts
2017-2018: construction
2019: assembly and installation of ISOL and target system
2020: 1st beam on ISOL@MYRRHA
More information
iks32.fys.kuleuven.be/wiki/brix/index.php/Main_Page
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
ConclusionsISOL@MYRRHA provides intense and pure Radioactive Ion Beams (RIB) for experiments needing long beam times and/or frequent beam access.
ISOL@MYRRHA is complementary to other existing and future RIB facilities in various research fields.
A preliminary report addressing the technical and scientific aspects of ISOL@MYRRHA is being distributed amongst the NuPECC working groups and is available on-line.
Further applications for the full 4-mA beam?
Initial funding of the MYRRHA project granted (up to the end of 2014), BUT excluding ISOL@MYRRHA…
D. Pauwels ISOLDE seminar November 11, 2010 CERN
3 months
1 month
3
1
3
3
On-line
MaintenanceMYRRHA cycle:
Solid-state physics (8Li b-NMR)
D. Pauwels Scientific Meeting January 6, 2010 Leuven
Understanding physics of nanostructured materials:Microscopic information about local electric and magnetic fields
Experimental methods for studying magnetic depth profile:
Method Advantages Disadvantages
Polarized neutron reflectivity
Nanometer resolution Deterioration with surface roughnessRelatively low neutron flux at present neutron facilities
Synchrotron-based nuclear resonant scattering
Nanometer resolution Limited number of suitable Mossbauer isotopesSevere constraints for monochromator
Synchrotron-based resonant X-ray scattering
Nanometer resolution Absorption edge must be accessible for monochromator
Muon spin rotation Large penetration depth (~mm)
Significant beam-intensity losses at low E
8Li b-NMR Superior depth sensitivity
Only available at TRIUMF