Lilian Alarashi, Mackenzie Meldrum,Mikayla Mueller, Sarah Bishop, and Cora Culley.
Isolation of Viruses Collected from the South Shore Waters ...South Shore Waters of Oahu Sarah Chang...
Transcript of Isolation of Viruses Collected from the South Shore Waters ...South Shore Waters of Oahu Sarah Chang...
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Isolation of Viruses Collected from the South Shore Waters of Oahu
Sarah ChangAdvisors:
Alexander CulleyGrieg Steward
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Outline• Introduction
– What is a Virus?– What is a Diatom?– Objective
• Materials and methods• Data/results• Conclusions• Acknowledgements
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What is a Virus?
• Microscopic particles of genetic material, surrounded by a protein coat
• Incapable of autonomous reproduction
• Three types of viral reproduction– Lytic, Lysogenic, Chronic
infection
Virology.net
Suttle
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Viruses in the Ocean
• Marine viruses are abundant (billions per liter)
•• Infect a diversity of marine life.
ideo.columbia.edu yoto98.noaa.gov
Culley
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What is a Diatom?
• Unicellular eukaryotic phytoplankton
• Have frustules composed of silica
• May be solitary or chain-forming; pennate or centric
NSF Polar Programs
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Why are diatoms important???• Lowest trophic level and act as the food source for
many higher organisms.• Make a major contribution to global primary
productivity• Viruses can affect the transfer of material through
the food web.• Diatoms are used in:
– Nanotechnology: Harvest silica– Insulating materials– Explosives– Filters and more.
Kroger
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Diatom Viruses
• Thought for some time that diatoms might not have viruses (protected by frustule)
• But no, they are not immune• Just took a long time to
find the first one; only a few diatom viruses have been isolated so far
Nagasaki et al. 2004
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Objective
To isolate viruses infecting representative diatoms from coastal waters of Oahu that could be useful as model systems to study
virus-diatom interactions
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Materials and Methods• 19 strains of diatoms isolated from coastal waters by Dr.
Susan Brown• Growth of the cultures was monitored by measuring
chlorophyll fluorescence• Nine cultures were chosen to be challenged with viruses
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Waimanalo Waimanalo BayBay
Kaneohe BayKaneohe Bay
MaunaluaMaunaluaBayBay
Kuapa PondKuapa Pond
Waialae Waialae Beach ParkBeach Park
Waikiki Beach Waikiki Beach ParkPark
Wailupe Wailupe Beach ParkBeach Park
forum.hardware.fr
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• Water was filtered through 0.22 µm filters
• The filtrate was transferred into tubes of diatom cultures (control tubes received no addition)
• Growth was monitored over time in treated and control tubes
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• Idealized results:– Exponential growth
in Control tubes– Exponential growth
in Treated tubes, followed by severe decline
But as the great Mick Jagger said…
Ideal Growth Curve
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Fluorescence measurements showed consistent growth in Treated tubes and decline in the Control.
Growth Curves for Culture L (10/10 - 11/14)
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Data/Results
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Little growth in control and treated cultures
Growth Curves for Culture R
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Growth Curves for Culture C
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11/3/08
Growth curves for culture N
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11/12/08
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Conclusions
• Documented the growth patterns of diatoms• Challenged diatom cultures with viral
communities from various locations on the island
• Found a few cultures showing inhibition in treatment relative to the control, but no crashes
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Future Research
1. Set up the second round of infection to see if inhibitory effect can be propagated
2. Continue experiments challenging with additional virus sources and new cultures of diatoms
3. Developing higher-throughput screening4. If a virus is found, it will be isolated and
characterized
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Thank you
• The National Science Foundation• C-MORE
Thank you to my mentors Alex Culley and Grieg Steward, and to the members of the
Steward lab.
Thanks!