Iso - Job Descriptions
Transcript of Iso - Job Descriptions
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What does a quality assurance manager do?Typical employers|Qualifications and
training|Key skills
Responsibilities of the job include:
determining, negotiating and agreeing in-house quality procedures, standards and/orspecifications
assessing customer requirements and ensuring that these are met
setting customer service standards
specifying quality requirements of raw materials with suppliers
investigating and setting standards for quality/health and safety
ensuring that manufacturing processes comply with standards at both national and
international level
working with operating staff to establish procedures, standards, systems andprocedures
writing management/technical reports and customers charters
determining training needs
acting as a catalyst for change and improvement in performance/quality
directing objectives to maximise profitability
recording, analysing and distributing statistical information
monitoring performance
supervising technical or laboratory staff.Typical employers of quality assurance managers
manufacturing companies
engineering companies
automotive companies
textile companies
pharmaceutical companies
processing companies
service industries
banks
educational establishments
government departments.
Opportunities are advertised online, by careers services, in newspapers and
trade publications such asQuality Worldand vacancy lists produced by The
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Chartered Quality Institute. Some of the larger employers operate graduate
training schemes early applications for these are advisable.
Qualifications and training required
A degree or HND in any subject is acceptable. However, employers may prefer
qualifications in subjects such as business studies/management, materials
science/technology, food science/technology, textile technology, polymer
science/technology, process engineering, physics, mathematics or production
engineering.
For some positions a postgraduate qualification or a technical background may
be beneficial. Relevant work experience is highly desirable and may be gained
via final year project work, work shadowing, sponsorship, vacation work or 'year
out' placements.
Key skills for quality assurance managers
confidence
excellent technical skills
organisational skills
planning skills
interpersonal skills
communication skills
problem solving skills team working skills
IT skills
communication skills.
It is also essential to have good numerical skills and an understanding of
statistics.
What does a training and development officer do?Typical employers|Qualifications
and training|Key skills
Responsibilities of the job vary according to the size and type of employing
organisation, but generally include:
conducting job evaluation surveys
liaising with managers and interviewing employees at all levels to identify and assess
training and development needs
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delivering/overseeing the delivery of training to individuals or groups of employees
compiling and presenting information
implementing, advising about and monitoring appraisal schemes
supervising and monitoring progress made via training programmes or schemes
ensuring employees receive statutory required training.
Smaller organisations may employ human resources or personnel staff with
responsibility for training and development needs in addition to other tasks.
Typical employers of training and development officers
private companies
manufacturers
retailers
service industries
local authorities
industrial organizations
educational institutions
financial organisations
large accountants
banks
charities.
Training and development is a popular career choice and vacancies attract
strong competition. Jobs are advertised by careers services and recruitment
agencies, via the internet, in newspapers and publications including People
ManagementandPersonnel Today. It is advisable to make speculative applications
and to apply early for graduate training schemes with larger employers -
thePersonnel Manager's Yearbookmay provide useful contact information.
Qualifications and training required
Any degree discipline is acceptable for entry into the profession, although a CIPD
recognised qualification is often required. Business, management, psychology,
and MBA qualifications can also be advantageous.
Prior relevant experience is usually required and can be gained through
placements, direct approaches to employers, voluntary work and job shadowing.
Many training officers begin their careers by working within personnel
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departments - in fact it is rare for new graduates to be recruited directly into a
training position.
Key skills for training and development officers
approachable
able to form good relationships
effective organisational skills
teamworking skills
interpersonal skills.
What does an academic librarian do?Typical employers|Qualifications and
training|Key skills
Academic librarianship is a people-focussed role, requiring individuals to managelearning resources while keeping the library users' needs in mind. Duties vary
considerably according to the size of library, but typically include:
selecting, developing, cataloguing and classifying library resources
answering readers' enquiries
using library systems and specialist computer applications
management of staff, including recruitment, training and/or supervisiory duties
liaising with departmental academic staff, external organisations and suppliers
ensuring that library services meet the needs of particular groups of users (eg staff,
postgraduate students, disabled students etc.)
managing budgets and resources
supporting independent research and learning
developing IT facilities
assisting readers to use computer equipment, conduct literature searches etc
promoting the library's resources to users.
Depending on where you work, some travel between libraries on different
campuses can be necessary.
Working hours are generally nine to five from Monday to Friday, however, some
services are increasingly open during evenings, weekends and sometimes even
on a 24-hour basis. Despite this, there is scope for shared work and flexible
working hours.
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Most academic librarians enjoy finding out more about a sector, subject area and
helping others with their research. Responsibility for specific library functions or
subjects is common even in basic level posts, and developing skills and expertise
through increasingly specialised or advanced roles will steadily advance career
prospects.
Typical employers of academic librarians
Universities and their academic departments
Research institutes
Public libraries
Higher and further education colleges
Professional and learned societies
Specialist departments within goverment, hospitals, and large professional firms.
Self-employment is uncommon; however, secondments with different institutions
and fixed-term contracts are increasingly common. Flexibility regarding
geographical location may be helpful for career advancement.
Qualifications and training required
You are eligible to become an academic librarian with any degree, but if your first
qualification isn't related to information management you will need to do a
postgraduate qualification with The Chartered Institute of Library and Information
Professionals (CILIP).
At least one year of relevant library or information management experience is
necessary prior to postgraduate study. This can be gained by working as a library
assistant, or via a graduate training scheme (CILIP publishes lists of training
vacancies). The Arts and Humanities Research Council may provide funding for
a limited number of course places through the Professional Preparation Master's
Scheme (PPM).
Traineeships and postgraduate course places attract strong competition, so early
applications are recommended. Further vocational training and continuing
professional development is necessary in all posts, leading to more senior
positions and the granting of chartered and fellowship status.
Key skills for academic librarians
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Employers seek confident individuals with excellent organisational and
interpersonal skills. Other key skills include:
Strong IT skills and familiarity with the use of databases and the internet
Teamworking and management skills Assessment of resources and library users' needs
Presentation and verbal communication skills
Subject-specific knowledge or expertise in a particular function, for example ICT
resources or resource ordering.
What does a certified accountant do?Typical employers|Qualifications and
training|Key skills
Certified accountants work to improve the efficiency and maximise the
profitability of an organisation. Their skills are in demand in a wide range of
sectors; many graduate accountants work in public practice firms, but
accountants may also be employed by the private, commercial, and not-for-profit
sectors. The work of certified accountants entails:
analysing and investigating annual and monthly financial accounts;
undertaking financial administration;
preparing reports, budgets, business plans, commentaries and financial statements;
financial forecasting and risk analysis;
liaising with managerial staff, colleagues and clients;
negotiating business terms with clients and associated organisations;
developing and managing financial systems/policies;
administering payrolls;
controlling income and expenditure;
ensuring compliance with taxation legislation.
The role tends to be office-based, although audit work often requires graduate
certified accountants to visit client premises. Such visits may necessitate stays
away from home that range in duration from one night to several weeks. While
working hours tend to last from nine to five, longer hours may be common around
peak times and in some sectors within commerce and the financial sector.
Despite this, flexible working hours, job sharing and opportunities to work from
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home are often available, and the profession generally provides a good level of
job security, remuneration and intellectual stimulation. Due to the high
international regard for the profession and for accountancy qualifications,
secondments and transfers abroad are possible, and are increasingly common
within larger multinational corporations.
Typical employers of certified accountants
Utilities
The NHS
Local authorities
Charities
Industrial organisations
Manufacturing/engineering firms.
Most vacancies arise in major towns and cities. Competition is most severe for
training places with large organisations. For these, early applications, relevant
research and previous business/accountancy experience can help to secure a
place. Lists of training vacancies are available from qualification providers, such
as the Association of Chartered and Certified Accountants (ACCA). Opportunities
are also advertised by careers services, in national newspapers and in relevant
publications such asAccountancy Age, ACCA's newsletter, TARGETjobs City and
Finance, and theAccounting and Business journal. ACCA also publishes a list of
organisations that run approved training schemes.
Qualifications and training required
Certified accountants are required to undertake professional accountancy
qualifications,which are provided by a number of professional bodies, including
ACCA. These qualifications normally include studying for accountancy exams, an
assessment of professional ethical judgement, and a supervised period of
relevant work experience with an approved employer.
While it is possible to study independently, many graduates prefer to securetraining contracts with firms who sponsor their professional studies and allow
them to complete the work experience requirement of the accountancy
qualification. Graduates must normally complete three years of relevant work
experience, but in some cases previous experience from internships may be
counted toward this. Qualification allows graduate accountants to practice in a
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wide range of areas, and to identify themselves as a member of a professional
accountancy body. Although the training period can be demanding, once
qualified, membership reflects the professional standard of an individual's
training, and that the quality of their work and expertise can be trusted. It also
opens the door to speedy career progression, and many graduate accountants'
salaries double shortly after qualification.
Qualification normally takes three years. The minimum academic requirements
for entry are two GCSEs (grades A-C, including English and Maths) and two A-
Levels (or the equivalent). Graduates of all disciplines may train as certified
accountants, but those who have previously studied accounting, finance, or
business-related subjects may gain exemptions from some exams. Larger
employers expect a good record of academic achievement, and will often ask for260 - 300 UCAS points and a first or 2.1 degree.
Certain organisations may also prefer graduates to gain chartered status; this is
particularly relevant to graduates who want to work internationally. Many larger
employers also offer internships and work experience programmes, which can be
useful in gaining insight and as evidence of interest in accountancy when
graduates apply for training schemes. The Certificate in Finance, Accounting and
Business (CFAB) can be taken during university holidays, and is another useful
way of gaining knowledge and demonstrating interest.
Key skills for certified accountants
While technical abilities are obviously vital, accountants are expected to take a
more strategic role in the future. Employers look for graduates that are reliable
and trustworthy, and who will provide responsible advice on financial efficiency.
Other in-demand skills include:
Creativity
Integrity Interpersonal, negotiation and communication skills
Self-motivation
The ability to work as part of a team
Good IT skills
Analytical ability
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Numerical skills
Excellent commercial sense and interest in business.
What does an auditor do?Typical employers|Qualifications and training|Key skills
Auditors are independent specialists who review the accounts of companies and
organisations to ensure the validity and legality of their financial records.
They essentially carry out a financial health check on the client company. They
can also act in an advisory role to recommend possible risk aversion measures
and cost savings that could be made.
Auditors work in accounting departments and with independent chartered and
certified firms, examining the money going in and out of organisations and
making sure it is recorded and processed correctly.
Key activities include:
Collating, checking and analysing spreadsheet data.
Examining company accounts and financial control systems.
Gauging levels of financial risk within organisations.
Checking that financial reports and records are accurate and reliable.
Ensuring that assets are safeguarded.
Identifying if and where processes are not working as they should, and advising on
changes to be made. Preparing reports, commentaries and financial statements.
Liaising with managerial staff and presenting findings and recommendations.
Ensuring procedures, policies, legislation and regulations are correctly followed and
complied with.
Undertaking reviews of wages.
Auditors work typical office hours from 9.00am to 5.00pm, Monday to Friday.
They may need to work extra hours or during the weekend to meet deadlines,
particularly during tax audits.
Auditors sometimes travel to meet clients and visit factory or warehouse
locations in order to make stock and equipment checks.
Salaries can vary between organisations and sectors. Auditors working in
London can expect a generally larger pay packet than those in other areas. On
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the whole new starters can expect to earn something in the region of 20,000
23,000.
Once professional qualifications have been gained auditors are in the position to
expect about 35,000. Senior roles in engineering, IT and banking sectors canearn 80,000 or more.
Typical employers of auditors
Auditors can be either internal or external.
Internal auditors:
Work for professional firms outsourced by client companies.
Work in-house as part of an organisations accounting team.
Work for large private companies, organisations and charities.Internal auditors work largely in the private sector to improve the efficiency of
businesses and identify where processes are not working as they should.
External auditors:
Work with firms of chartered and certified accountants, such as the National Audit
Office.
Carry out obligatory audits of the public sector and governmental bodies.
May be called to examine the finances of private businesses, especially those workingin association with governmental bodies.
External auditors play a vital role in ensuring that money raised by taxes is used
effectively and efficiently to pay for the services we all benefit from.
Qualifications and training required
Auditors can come from any degree background, but an accounting degree will
give you a strong advantage.
Once you have graduated you can work as an auditing assistant and learn on the
job. During this time you will study towards the accounting qualifications needed
to practice as an auditor.
The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) and the Institute of
Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) provide accountancy
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qualifications and general vocational courses to help you develop your skills
while working.
ICAEW is the recognised qualifying body for auditing and accounting. It awards
the Auditing Qualification (AQ) which is a requirement for auditors, as well as theAssociation of Chartered Accountants qualification (ACA), which is internationally
recognised in the accounting sector.
It is recommended that internal auditors register with the Institute of Internal
Auditors (IIA) for support and advice at every stage of their career.
Those wanting to work in public sector accounts need to qualify with the
Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy (CIPFA), and can then go
on to apply for roles with external auditing firms.
Achieving qualifications can take three to five years, but you will work while
studying. Employers often provide financial help with exams and allow time for
study leave.
Key skills for auditors
High level of self-motivation, determination and confidence in your abilities.
Ability to juggle multiple tasks and divide your time between work and study.
Meticulous attention to detail.
Numeracy and a strong aptitude for mathematics.
Excellent problem-solving skills and clear logical thinking.
A keen interest in the financial system combined with excellent commercial
awareness.
Ability to work to deadlines, under pressure, and the willingness to put in the extra
hours when needed.
Ability to work on your own initiative and as part of a team.
Strong IT skills.
Excellent interpersonal and communication skills, including good presentation and
report writing skills.
What does a company secretary do?Typical employers|Qualifications and
training|Key skills
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Employers of company secretaries include local and national government,
charities, accountants, banks/financial institutions, housing associations, law
firms etc. Typical responsibilities of the job include:
convening and servicing annual general meetings (AGM)/meetings (producing
agendas, taking minutes; conveying decisions etc.);
providing support to committees and working parties such as the Board of Directors
etc;
implementing procedural/administrative systems;
handling correspondence before and after meetings;
writing reports;
collating information;
providing legal/financial advice during and outside of meetings.
Other tasks can include:
managing office space/premises/property;
administering pension schemes and share issues;
dealing with company/staff insurance policies;
managing contractual arrangements with suppliers/customers;
financial and HR administration;
maintaining current awareness about company law;
keeping a register of shareholders and liaising with them on behalf of the company.Vacancies are advertised via the internet, by careers services, in the ICSA
journal (Chartered Secretary) and in newspapers (particularly The Guardian and The
Times). Applications should be made in direct response to advertised positions.
Many organisations advertise general management and administrative training
schemes that can provide useful experience, which can in turn lead to openings
as company secretaries.
Qualifications and training required
Company secretaries must gain theInstitute of Chartered Secretaries andAdministrators qualification. This takes two to three years to obtain via either part-
time study or a correspondence course combined with supervised work-based
experience. Most company secretaries enter the vocation following the
completion of professional training as an accountant or lawyer etc.
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Graduate trainee posts are rare and attract fierce competition. Graduates below
the age of 35 with good honours degrees in business studies, management,
economics, IT, languages, mathematics or law tend to be preferred. It is also
normally essential to have gained previous professional administrative or
commercial work experience.
Key skills for company secretaries
Candidates should possess diplomacy, a meticulous attention to detail, good
numerical, organisational and time management skills and a genuine interest in
business. Excellent computing, secretarial, interpersonal, teamworking and
(written/verbal) communication skills are also important.
What does a counsellor do?Typical employers|Qualifications and training|Key skills
Counsellors listen to, empathise with, encourage and help to empowerindividuals. The nature of problems encountered vary according to setting, but
counsellors do not deal with seriously disturbed clients and they do not give
advice. Referral and liaison with other agencies is a feature of the work.
Vacancies arise within dedicated counselling services, general practices,
hospitals, secondary schools, colleges, universities, or larger companies.
Promotion is normally into managerial roles, but opportunities are limited as most
counselling departments are very small.
Vacancies are advertised in a variety of publications including The
Guardian (Tuesdays/Wednesdays),Community Care,Nursing
Times, Opportunities andNew Society - New Statesman.
Some counsellors are successfully self-employed, although this often
necessitates a good network of contacts for referrals.
Qualifications and training required
Maturity of attitude, relevant experience and personality are considered almost
as important by employers than degree subject studied. A psychology or social
science degree or membership of the British Psychological Society can be
advantageous. A postgraduate qualification such as a diploma or MSc accredited
by the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy can also be helpful
- most people fund such qualifications themselves.
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Further professional training is usually required to gain accreditation from the
British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy.
Additionally, there is a diverse range of part-time counselling skills courses
available, which can be a useful starting point. As previous experience isrequired, counselling is not normally a first career choice, and many people enter
the profession later in life. Experience can be gained through direct approaches
to employers, voluntary work, job shadowing and networking.
Key skills for counsellors
Ability to listen
Sensitivity and empathy
Patience and a calm manner
Ability to cope with emotional situations Ability to relate to a wide range of people
What does and education administrator do?Typical employers|Qualifications and
training|Key skills
Education administrators work within the central administrative (Academic
Registrars) department and for individual faculties, departments and sections of
universities and colleges of further and higher education. Opportunities also arise
within private, tertiary and specialist training colleges. There is no typical' job
profile: administrators may have student recruitment, funding, quality assurance,marketing, or public relations roles, or they may be responsible for
budgetary/financial administration, project management or human resources
management. Many work in a general capacity - undertaking tasks from all of
these areas.
Typical responsibilities of the job include:
recruiting, training and managing staff
handling correspondence
organising and servicing committee and academic board meetings (producing agendas,
taking minutes etc.)
researching and writing reports
preparing statistics
processing invoices
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purchasing equipment/other goods
liaising with potential students, other institutions, government departments and
external organisations
helping with course approval and evaluation activities
formulating and implementing regulations/policies
timetabling
administering and co-ordinating student recruitment, examinations and assessment
activities.
The job can be busy at key times in the academic year, when some long hours
may be necessary. There are good opportunities for career progression via
promotion into senior administrative, managerial and project management roles,
or transfer/secondment between departments.
There is strong competition for both entrance level and permanent jobs.
Vacancies are advertised via the internet, by careers services, in local and
national newspapers (particularly The Guardian and The Independent), in the Times
Educational Supplement(TES) and in The Times Higher Educational
Supplement(THES).
Qualifications and training required
A good HND or honours degree in any subject is generally required for entry into
the profession. Qualifications in education, English, psychology, sociology,
business studies, statistics, IT, administration or management may be beneficial.
Previous FE/HE education, office or commercial work experience can also be
helpful.
Key skills for education administrators
Good interpersonal, IT, organisational, time management, negotiation and
communication skills are essential.
What does an environmental manager do?Typical employers|Qualifications and
training|Key skills
Typical responsibilities include:
overseeing the use of all resources within organisations
implementing environmental policies and practices
developing schemes for recycling, pollution reduction and pollution prevention
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ensuring compliance with environmental legislation
auditing, analysing and collating environmental performance data and reporting
information to internal staff, clients and regulatory bodies
managing environmental strategy budgets
liaising with internal staff including senior managers and directors
providing environmental training to staff at all levels
managing a team of technical, scientific and engineering staff
writing plans and reports
keeping up to date with changes in environmental legislation and initiatives including
EU directives
producing educational resources
liaising with regulatory bodies such as the Environment Agency.
Typical employers of environmental managersMost environmental managers are employed by consultancies, higher education
institutions, utilities, civil engineering/construction companies, government
agencies, local government departments and processing/manufacturing
companies.
As a result of government/international environmental policies there has been
and will continue to be an expansion in the number of job opportunities within the
profession. Vacancies are advertised via the internet, by careers services, in
newspapers, local authority vacancy lists and publications such asNew
Scientist, Opportunities and The Environment Post. Formal graduate recruitment
schemes are offered by a small number of companies, some of which provide
sponsorship to fund postgraduate study.
Qualifications and training required
To become an environmental manager it is usually necessary to possess a
degree/HND in a subject such as energy engineering, environmental health,
environmental sciences/management, biosciences, applied science, engineering,
or physics. A relevant postgraduate qualification can be advantageous, as can
experience of initiating and managing projects and/or supervising others.
Relevant voluntary or paid experience is beneficial particularly when starting
out within the profession. Membership of the Institute of Environmental
Management and Assessment can also be useful.
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Key skills for environmental managers
Graduates should be able to demonstrate a genuine interest in, understanding of
and a good knowledge of environmental issues, relevant legislation and
renewable energy sources. Candidates should possess confidence, initiative,
commercial awareness and excellent IT, organisational, negotiation, team-
working, presentation, project management and communication skills.
What does a facilities manager do?Typical employers|Qualifications and
training|Key skills
Facilities managers are employed by large organisations including private
companies, local authorities, the Civil Service, manufacturers, construction
companies, utilities, higher education institutions etc. Originally their work
focused only on day-to-day operational and maintenance related tasks. Today
facilities managers have a much wider range of responsibilities including:
financial forecasting/budgeting
property acquisition and/or disposal
planning and overseeing building work/renovation
lease management
project planning and management
architectural/engineering planning and design
allocating and managing space within buildings
coordinating building maintenance and operational activities
organising security and general administrative services
integrating communications/telecommunications
ensuring that facilities meet government regulations and environmental, health and
security standards
supervising multi-disciplinary teams of staff including maintenance, grounds and
custodial workers.
Vacancies are advertised via the internet, by careers services and specialist
recruitment agencies, in newspapers, and in a wide range of publications
including TARGETjobs Construction, QS & Civil Engineering,Property Week,Estates
Gazette,Buildingand Opportunities.
Qualifications and training required
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Most entrants into the profession possess qualifications in building services
related disciplines, including surveying, building services engineering and
business management. A number of higher education institutions, colleges and
other organisations offer general education and training in facilities management,
including part- and full-time postgraduate courses. The British Institute of
Facilities Management (BIFM) operates an accreditation scheme for HE courses.
Gaining an accredited qualification exempts candidates from sitting the BIFM
examinations; BIFM membership can subsequently be attained by demonstrating
professional competence through a work-based portfolio. Employers often prefer
candidates that have gained BIFM membership, or membership of an equivalent
professional organisation.
Key skills for facilities managers
Employers prefer candidates who are technically competent, with excellent
problem solving, analytical, interpersonal, communication, IT and managerial
skills. A full driving licence is also beneficial as many jobs involve daily travel
between sites etc. Prior relevant experience gained via job shadowing, vacation
work or placements can be of particular benefit.
What does a financial manager do?Typical employers|Qualifications and
training|Key skills
A wide range of organisations employ financial managers including: financialinstitutions, supermarkets, insurance companies, manufacturers, charities,
utilities, local government, health authorities, industrial organisations, retailers,
universities/colleges, IT companies and engineering firms. Responsibilities of the
job include:
collating, preparing and interpreting reports, budgets, accounts, commentaries and
financial statements;
undertaking strategic analysis and assisting with strategic planning
producing long-term business plans undertaking research into pricing, competitors and factors affecting performance
controlling income, cash flow and expenditure
managing budgets
developing and managing financial systems/models
carrying out business modelling and risk assessments
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supervising staff
liaising with managerial staff and other colleagues.
The majority of financial managers start their careers as accountants after having
undertaken professional accountancy training. Vacancies are advertised via the
internet, by careers services, specialist recruitment agencies, in newspapers and
publications such as TARGETjobs City & FinanceandPass. The professional
accountancy bodies also produce vacancy lists, which include training
opportunities. Larger employers offer structured graduate training schemes and
opportunities to gain experience via placements and vacation taster courses.
Opportunities to work overseas may be available with some employers. Early
applications to major employers are advisable.
Qualifications and training required
Any degree is acceptable for entry, although employers may prefer graduates
with qualifications in accountancy, statistics, economics, mathematics,
management or business subjects. A relevant degree can reduce the length of
time taken to gain professional qualifications with one of the accountancy bodies,
enabling exemptions from a number of examinations. A relevant postgraduate
qualification and/or previous work experience gained in any commercial area can
be useful, particularly for mature students.
Key skills for financial managers
Employers look for evidence of good oral and written communication skills, self-
motivation, commercial awareness, initiative and the ability to work as part of a
team. Excellent problem-solving, analytical, technical, IT and numerical abilities
are crucial.
What does a higher education administrator do?Typical employers|Qualifications
and training|Key skills
HE administrators work within both the central administrative (Academic
Registrars') department and for individual faculties of universities and otherhigher education establishments. There is no typical' job profile: administrators
may have student recruitment, funding, quality assurance, marketing, or public
relations roles; or they may be responsible for budgetary/financial administration,
project management or human resources management. Many work in a general
capacity - undertaking tasks from all of these areas.
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Typical responsibilities of the job include:
recruiting, training and managing staff
financial/budgetary administration
handling correspondence organising and servicing committee meetings (producing agendas, taking minutes etc.)
researching and writing reports
preparing statistics
liaising with external organisations
formulating and implementing regulations
timetabling
administering and co-ordinating student recruitment, examinations and assessment
activities.The job can be busy at key points in the academic year, when some long hours
may be necessary. There are good opportunities for career progression via
promotion into senior administrative, managerial and project management roles,
or transfer/secondment between departments. Higher education establishments
also generally offer excellent and flexible working conditions.
There is strong competition for both entrance level and permanent jobs.
Vacancies are advertised via the internet, by careers services, in newspapers
(particularly The Guardian and The Independent), and inThe Times Higher Education
Supplement.
Qualifications and training required
A good honours degree in any subject is required for entry into the profession.
Qualifications in English, business, IT, languages, information science,
administration and management may be beneficial. Previous higher education,
office or commercial work experience can also be helpful, although not essential.
Key skills for higher education adminstrators
It is essential to possess good interpersonal, teamworking, IT, organisational,
time management, negotiation and communication skills.
What does an IT technical support officer do?Typical employers|Qualifications and
training|Key skills
The work typically involves:
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installing and configuring computer hardware, software, systems, networks, printers,
scanners and more
planning and undertaking scheduled maintenance upgrades
talking to clients and computer users to determine the nature of problems
responding to breakdowns
investigating, diagnosing and solving computer software and hardware faults
repairing equipment and replacing parts
supervising junior engineering and technical staff
agreeing call-out timescales
obtaining replacement or specialist components, fixtures or fittings
ensuring compliance with health and safety legislation
checking computer equipment for electrical safety
maintaining records of software licences
managing stocks of equipment, consumables and other supplies.
Shift and on-call work may be required, particularly where computing equipment
is in continual 24-hour operation.
Typical employers of technical support officers
private companies
manufacturers
retailers
service industries
local authorities
financial institutions
academic establishments
health trusts
call centres
industrial organisations
charities.
Vacancies are advertised via the internet, by careers services and recruitment
agencies, in newspapers and publications such asIS
Opportunities, Computingand Computer Weekly. Speculative applications are
advisable, for which The Computer Users Yearbookmay be useful. It is also worth
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attending on-campus company presentations and applying early for advertised
positions during the first term of your final year.
Qualifications and training required
A degree is not always necessary, though graduates (particularly those with
relevant qualifications) may be preferred. The Microsoft Certified Software
Engineer (MCSE) qualification can be beneficial, though this does not provide
any hardware training. Prior work experience gained in any position involving
contact with customers or the general public is advantageous.
Key skills for technical support officers
technical skills
organizational skills
interpersonal skills
communication skills
patience
a meticulous nature
a logical mind
capable of working well under pressure.
What does an adult education lecturer do?Typical employers|Qualifications and
training|Key skills
Typical responsibilities of the job include:
developing programmes of learning activities;
planning, preparing and researching lessons;
preparing teaching materials;
contact/teaching time with students on an individual or group basis;
checking and assessing students' work and giving feedback;
encouraging personal development via tutorial/pastoral work;
invigilating examinations;
attending staff meetings; liaison with other professionals/employers.
The job commonly requires working evenings and weekends. Many people enter
the profession via part-time/temporary contracts, supplementing their salary via
writing, private tuition and exam marking or by taking up several part-time posts.
Typical employers of adult education lecturers
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state-maintained and private sixth-form, adult and further education colleges
community or local authority adult education centres
the Armed Forces
the Prison Service.
Vacancies are advertised in local authority jobs lists, Appointments for Teachers,
The Times Educational Supplement, The Times Higher Education Supplement
and national, regional and local newspapers. A few specialist recruitment
agencies such as Education Lecturing Services (Nottingham) also handle
vacancies.
Qualifications and training required
There are no set academic requirements for entry into the profession, although at
the very least candidates must possess a City and Guilds 7306/7307
qualification. Consequently, a degree in any subject is acceptable for entry
(although one that is relevant to the subject taught may be preferred).
Gaining Qualified Teacher Status (QTS) via a Postgraduate Certificate In
Education (PGCE) is beneficial and may be essential for full-time posts.
Information about the PGCE can be obtained from the Teacher Training Agency
or the Graduate Teacher Training Registry - GTTR (see Secondary School Teacher'
for more information). Employers may favour candidates who have several years
pertinent work experience. Some employers provide the opportunity to gain ateaching qualification via part-time study once in post.
Key skills for adult education lecturers
Ability to work well with students of all ages and backgrounds.
Organisational skills.
The ability to work as a team with colleagues.
Extensive knowledge of your own subject area.
Effective verbal communication skills.
Written skills to produce coursework materials. Creative skills to plan and deliver interesting lessons and lectures at the right level for
your students.
What does a higher education lecturer do?Typical employers|Qualifications and
training|Key skills
Typical responsibilities of the job include:
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interviewing course applicants
lecture planning, preparation and research
contact/teaching time with students
checking and assessing students' work
encouraging personal development via tutorial/pastoral work
invigilating examinations
attending staff meetings
general administration
writing research proposals, papers and other publications
reading academic journals
supervising PhD students and research staff
managing research budgets
attending and speaking at conferences and seminars.
The requirement to publish research work and general commitment to the job
commonly results in HE teachers working long hours, including evenings and
weekends. An excellent teaching and research record is generally necessary for
career progression as there is strong competition for senior positions.
Typical employers of higher education lecturers
universities
higher education establishments.
Many people enter the profession via part-time teaching/temporary contracts.
Vacancies are advertised via the internet, in local, regional and national
newspapers, the Times Higher Education Supplement and publications relevant
to the subject area to be taught. A few specialist recruitment agencies such as
Education Lecturing Services (Nottingham) also handle vacancies.
Qualifications and training required
The minimum academic requirements for entry into higher education (HE)
teaching are a good degree (min 2:2) and a postgraduate qualification (often aPhD) that are relevant to the subject to be taught. Many HE teachers are mature
candidates who have also gained several years pertinent professional or
industrial work experience.
Key skills for higher education lecturers
highly motivated
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excellent presentation skills
written and verbal communication skills.
What does a maintenance engineer do?Typical employers|Qualifications and
training|Key skills
The work typically involves:
planning and undertaking scheduled maintenance
responding to breakdowns
diagnosing faults
repairing equipment
supervising engineering and technical staff
obtaining specialist components, fixtures or fittings
managing budgets maintaining statistical and financial records
ensuring compliance with health and safety legislation
creating maintenance procedures
managing stocks of supplies and equipment.
Shift and on-call' work may be required, particularly where manufacturing
equipment is in continual 24-hour operation. Career progression is often
accelerated with a move into managerial positions or related areas of
employment such as plant/production engineering.Typical employers of maintenance engineers
manufacturing, construction and process companies (for example food and drink
manufacturers)
utilities
local authorities
service industries.
Self-employment via contract work, and occasionally consultancy, is possible for
individuals with several years' experience. Many employers offer final yearproject work, sponsorship, vacation work and sandwich year placements.
Jobs are advertised via the internet, by careers services and recruitment
agencies and in newspapers and relevant publications including TARGETjobs
Engineering, The Engineerand The Chartered Engineer.
Qualifications and training required
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A BEng, particularly in electrical, manufacturing, mechanical, or production
engineering is necessary for entry. Appropriate work experience is necessary.
Many employers offer training programmes that enable registration with one of
the professional institutions, and ultimately qualification as a chartered or
incorporated engineer.
Key skills for maintenance engineers
working well under pressure
good verbal and written communication skills
relevant technical knowledge
What does a network administrator do?Typical employers|Qualifications and
training|Key skills
Typical requirements of the job include:
consulting with clients to specify system requirements and design solutions
budgeting for equipment and assembly costs
assembling new systems
maintaining existing software and hardware and upgrading any which has become
obsolete
working in tandem with IT support personnel
providing network administration and support.
Typical employers of network administrators publishers
software developers
government
the financial industry
manufacturers
retailers
construction firms
Since almost all industries are now heavily computer-dependent, networkadministrators are needed in most companies.
Qualifications and training required
Network administrators will need to understand how to connect devices to form a
fast and efficient network. It helps if you have experience of networks running on
specific network operating systems like Microsoft NT or 2000, or UNIX. There are
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a number of valuable qualifications such as Microsoft certified system engineer
(MCSE) status or Cisco certified internetwork expert (CCIE).
Key skills for network administrators
patience
interpersonal skills
enthusiasm
team working skills
initiative
commitment to quality
results-driven.
What does a personnel officer do?Typical employers|Qualifications and
training|Key skills
Personnel officers are responsible for:
recruiting, training and developing staff
organising salaries payments
pensions and benefits administration
looking after the health, safety and welfare of all employees
negotiating salaries, contracts, working conditions or redundancy packages with
staff/representatives.
Larger organisations often employ specialist staff in some of these roles.
Typical employers of personnel officers
companies
manufacturers
retailers
service industries
local authorities
industrial organisations
charities.
Vacancies are advertised in careers services, national newspapers and in
specialist publications such asPersonnel Today andPeople Management.
Recruitment agencies, local newspapers and job centres often advertise
immediate/junior vacancies. It is advisable to make speculative applications and
to apply early for graduate training schemes.
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Qualifications and training required
Any degree discipline is acceptable for entry into the profession, although a
Chartered Institute of Personnel & Development (CIPD) recognised qualification
is often required. Relevant experience is often essential and can be gained in
any commercial area through placements or vacation work.
It may be necessary to enter the profession at a junior level, or to move into
personnel work following a general management training scheme. Promotional
prospects are excellent, particularly for those with CIPD qualifications.
Key skills for personnel officers
commercial awareness
effective organisational skills
team work skills interpersonal skills
meticulous attention to detail
numerical skills
IT skills.
What does a sports development officer do?Typical employers|Qualifications and
training|Key skills
Typical job responsibilities include:
organising, developing and delivering a varied range of sporting activities or
programmes
managing budgets
producing promotional material and displays
keeping statistical and financial records
planning
undertaking administrative tasks
writing reports and press releases
liaising and working with relevant organizations or agencies including youth services,
schools, clubs, sports coaches and sports councils
organising and undertaking market research
monitoring and assessing progress.
The work can be demanding, with long hours and some evening, weekend and
public holiday work.
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Typical employers of sports development officers
local health authorities
sports councils
educational institutions
universities
sports governing bodies.
Vacancies are advertised via the internet, by careers services, in local, regional
and national newspapers and in relevant publications such as Leisure
Management,Leisure Week, Opportunitiesand vacancy lists produced by sports
bodies such as the Institute of Sport and Recreation Management (ISRM).
Qualifications and training required
Degrees in sports science, travel, tourism, leisure, business studies,
management or marketing are normally advantageous. Relevant workexperience is essential, and can be gained via seasonal vacation employment, or
by working as a volunteer or paid assistant in a leisure or sports centre.
Coaching qualifications and experience can also be helpful.
Key skills for sports development officers
excellent interpersonal skills
communication skills
organisational skills
time management skills
good team working skills
adaptability
enthusiasm
energy
confidence.
What does a pre-school teacher do?Typical employers|Qualifications and
training|Key skills
Typical responsibilities of the job include:
developing and implementing lessons/work schemes
providing a safe and stimulating environment that facilitates learning
organising and supervising play and work activities (for example reading, cooking,
music, dancing etc)
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liaising with parents/carers and professionals such as speech therapists and health
visitors
maintaining records
monitoring and recording progress.
The job requires an enthusiastic, imaginative and energetic individual capable of
gaining the full potential from each child.
Typical employers of nursery teachers
Nursery teachers are employed within state-maintained, voluntary-aided or
controlled and private (independent) nursery, infant and primary schools.
Teaching vacancies are advertised online, in newspapers, local authority jobs
lists and in publications such asAppointments for Teachers, The Times Educational
SupplementandNursery World.Directories such as The Primary Education Directory,Education Year Bookand The
Education Authorities Directory can be helpful for speculative applications. You can
also pick up a copy ofTARGETjobs Teachingfrom your careers service.
Qualifications and training required
Anyone wishing to teach in the state-maintained sector must gain qualified
teacher status (QTS) either by taking a teaching degree, a degree followed by a
PGCE (postgraduate certificate in education), or a school-based training scheme
such as school-centred initial teacher training (SCITT), the graduate teacherprogramme (GTP) or the registered teacher programme (RTP).
All candidates must possess GCSEs (at least grade C) or equivalent in English
and maths. Early applications for PGCE places are advisable during the first term
of your final year. Qualifications related to childcare can also be beneficial. A
science or technology background can be helpful, as can extra skills such as
music, arts and crafts. Previous experience of working with children is usually
essential.
Key skills for nursery teachers
adaptability
creativity
patience
responsibility
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resourcefulness
a good sense of humour.
What does a primary school teacher do?Typical employers|Qualifications and
training|Key skills
Despite the relatively limited amount of time spent with pupils, this is rarely a 9
am-3.30 pm job. Nevertheless, teaching is a very rewarding career with excellent
employment prospects.
Typical responsibilities include:
lesson planning and preparation
checking pupils' work
attending parents' evenings
preparing for OFSTED inspections
running extra-curricular activities
undertaking professional development.
Typical employers of primary school teachers
Primary teachers are employed within state-maintained, voluntary controlled
(such as re