ismail kasıkcı

8/6/2019 ismail kaskc

1/53

E L E K T R K M H E N D S L

r e t i m , l e t i m v e D a t m

P r o f . D r . s m a i l K a k

1 E y l l 2 0 1 0


2/53

2


3/53

B l m 1

K s a D e v r e A k m H e s a p l a r

1 . 1 G i r i

B u b l m d e o k k s a o l a r a k k s a d e v r e a k m t e o r i k o l a r a k a n l a t l a c a k t r .

A y r n t l a r i i n k a y n a k t a v e r i l e n k i t a b a b a k n z .

l e t m e v e k o r u m a c i k a z l a r n n s e i m i v e b o y u t l a n d r l m a s i i n k s a d e v r e

h e s a p l a r n n y a p l m a s I E C 6 0 9 0 9 a g r e z o r u n l u d u r . E l e k t r i k t e s i s l e r i n d e

o r t a y a k a n k s a d e v r e a k m l a r i s t e n m e y e n o l a y l a r d r .

l e t m e c i h a z l a r n , c a n v e m a l n e m l i d e r e c e d e e t k i l e r v e b o z a r . E l e k t r i k

t e s i s l e r i , k s a d e v r e s r a s n d a t e r m i k v e d i n a m i k z o r l a n m a l a r a k a r d a y a n -

a b i l e c e k b i i m d e t a s a r l a n m a s n d a f a z l b a s l a n k s a d e v r e a k m o l d u k a

n e m l i d i r .

K s a d e v r e n o k t a s n d a d e v r e n i n e d e e r g e r i l i m k a y n a y n t e m i u y g u -

l a n r . B u y n t e m , a k t e l i l e t m e k o n u m u n d a n v e g e l e c e k t e k i y k a k s n -

d a n b a m s z o l d u u n d a n , h e s a b k o l a y l a t r r . E l e k t r i k i l e t m e c i h a z l a r n n

b y k l h e s a p l a r d a k u l l a n l r v e t m e b e k e b e s l e m e l e r i , j e n e r a t r l e r v e

m o t o r l a r i r e a k t a n s l a r n d a n s o n r a k s a d e v r e e d i l m i k a b u l e d i l i r . B u n e -

d e n l e e d e e r g e r i l i m k a y n a e b e k e d e k i t e k g e r i l i m d i r .

O l a s e n b y k k s a d e v r e a k m i l e t m e e k i p m a n n n s e i m i i i n v e e n

k k k s a d e v r e a k m k o r u m a n l e m l e r i A m a i l e k o r u m a v e t e r m i k m a n y e t i k

k e s i c i l e r d e e b e k e k o r u m a s n n a y a r i i n b a z a l n r . k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e

a k m n d a n b a k a t m d i e r k s a d e v r e a k m l a r s i m e t r i k b i l e e n l e r y a r d m

i l e h e s a p l a n r .

K s a d e v r e a k m l a r n n o r t a y a k m a s o k y n l d r :

1 . Y a l t k a n l n b o z u l m a s

3


4/53

1 . 1 . G I R I B L M 1 . K I S A D E V R E A K I M H E S A P L A R I

2 . l e t m e c i h a z l a r n n k s a d e v r e d e n d o l a y m e k a n i k o l a r a k z o r l a n m a l a r

3 . T e k n i k p e r s o n e l i n v e i n s a n l a r n y a n l u y g u l a m a l a r

4 . H a t a l t e s i s k u r m a

5 . T e s i s l e r i n v e h a v a h a t l a r n n , i s o l a t o r l a r n k i r l e n m e s i

o l a r a k s a y a b i l i r i z .

K s a d e v r e a k m l a r n n h e s a p l a n m a s i i n u n o k t a l a r k a b u l e d i l i r :

1 . G e i d i r e n l e r i s f r d r .

2 . l e t m e a k m l a r d i k k a t e a l n m a z .

3 . A G e l e k t r i k t e s i s l e r i n d e k s a d e v r e j e n e r a t r d e n u z a k t a d r .

4


5/53

B L M 1 . K I S A D E V R E A K I M H E S A P L A R I 1 . 2 . K I S A D E V R E A K I M E I T L E R I

1 . 2 K s a d e v r e a k m e i t l e r i

E l e k t r i k t e s i s l e r i n d e o r t a y a k a n k s a d e v r e a k m l a r e k i l ? ? d e g s t e r -

i l m i t i r . K s a d e v r e i k i v e y a d a h a o k i l e t k e n b l m a r a s n d a e l e k t r i k s e l

p o t a n s i y e l f a r k n e i t l e m e k v e y a s f r a y a k l a t r m a k i i n z o r l a y a n b u i l e t k e n

b l m l e r a r a s n d a k i m a k s a t l v e y a m a k s a t l o l m a y a n i l e t k e n b i r y o l d u r . k i

t a n m n e m l i d i r .

F a z - F a z k s a d e v r e s i : T o p r a k b a l a n t l v e y a b a l a n t s z i k i v e y a d a h a f a z l a

f a z a r a s n d a k i m a k s a t l v e y a m a k s a t l o l m a y a n i l e t k e n y o l .

F a z - T o p r a k k s a d e v r e s i : N t r d o r u d a n v e y a e m p e d a n s z e r i n d e n t o p r a k l

s i s t e m d e , f a z i l e y e r e l t o p r a k a r a s n d a k i m a k s a t l v e y a m a k s a t l o l m a y a n

i l e t k e n y o l .

L2

L3

L1

Toprak

C

L2

L3

L1

Toprak

1 2

34 5

6E

IE

CE CE

e k i l 1 . 1 : K s a d e v r e a k m l a r

1 ) 3 k u t u p l u 2 ) 2 k u t u p l u 3 ) i f t k u t u p l u t o p r a k h a t a s 4 ) 1 k u t u p l u t o p r a k

h a t a s 4 ) 5 ) t o p r a k - t o p r a k h a t a s , 6 ) y a l t k a n s i s t e m d e t e k k u t u p l u t o p r a k

h a t a s ( N o t : f a z y e r i n e a n a d i l e t k e n t a n m k u l l a n l m a l d r )

5


6/53

1 . 3 . K I S A D E V R E A K I M L A R I N I N I N C E L E N M E S I B L M 1 . K I S A D E V R E A K I M H E S A P L A R I

1 . 3 K s a d e v r e a k m l a r n n i n c e l e n m e s i

K s a d e v r e a k m n n b i l e e n l e r i n i h e s a p l a m a k i i n k s a d e v r e n i n b a l a n g c n -

d a k i g e r i l i m i n a n d e e r i n e t e k a b l e d e n , k s a d e v r e n i n b a l a m a s n d a n s o n a

e r m e s i n e k a d a r k s a d e v r e y e r i n d e k i a k m l a r z a m a n n b i r f o n k s i y o n u o l a r a k

e k i l ? ? d e g s t e r i d i i g i b i b i r R - L d e v r e s i i l e a k l a y a l m .

t=0

w

0

k

u

Y

u

tw

Y tw

ki

i

LR

~

t=0

u

e k i l 1 . 2 : K s a d e v r e e d e e r e m a s , a k m v e g e r i l i m e r i l e r i

u = u sin(t + ) ( 1 . 1 )

R ik + L dikdt

= u sin(t + ) ( 1 . 2 )

6


7/53

B L M 1 . K I S A D E V R E A K I M H E S A P L A R I 1 . 3 . K I S A D E V R E A K I M L A R I N I N I N C E L E N M E S I

DC =LR

( 1 . 3 )

iDC = IDCA et

DC( 1 . 4 )

UY =U

3( 1 . 5 )

Ik =

2 UYZk

sin(t + ) =

2 Ik sin(t + ) ( 1 . 6 )

ik = i

k + iDC ( 1 . 7 )

ik = 0

v e

t = 0

i s e :

IDC =

2 Ik sin ( 1 . 8 )

iDC =

2 Ik et

DC sin ( 1 . 9 )

ik = i

k + iDC =

2 Ik sin(t + ) et

DC sin ( 1 . 1 0 )

E e r

= 0

7


8/53

1 . 3 . K I S A D E V R E A K I M L A R I N I N I N C E L E N M E S I B L M 1 . K I S A D E V R E A K I M H E S A P L A R I

v e

t = 0i s e

iDC = 0

k =

k =

o l d u u n d a

t = 5 DC

k =

8


9/53

B L M 1 . K I S A D E V R E A K I M H E S A P L A R I 1 . 4 . S I M E T R I L I B I L E E N L E R

1 . 4 S i m e t r i l i B i l e e n l e r

f a z l s i s t e m l e r d e d e n g e l i v e d e n g e s i z k s a d e v r e l e r i n s e b e p o l d u u a k m n

d e e r i n i n h e s a p l a n m a s , s i m e t r i k b i l e e n l e r m e t o t u k u l l a n l a r a k b a s i t l e t i r i l i r .

B u h u s u s , t r a n s p o z e e d i l m i h a t l a r g i b i e l e k t r i k l i t e h i z a t n d e n g e l i b i r y a p y a

s a h i p o l m a s n g e r e k t i r i r . K s a d e v r e h e s a p l a m a l a r n n s o n u l a r , t r a n s p o z e

e d i l m e m i h a t l a r d a b i l e k a b u l e d i l e b i l i r d o r u l u k t a o l m a l d r . B u y n t e m

k u l l a n l a r a k h e r b i r h a t i l e t k e n i n d e k i a k m , s i m e t r i k b i l e e n l i s i s t e m e a i t

a k m l a r t o p l a n a r a k b u l u n u r . B u b i l e e n l e r :

- P o z i t i f b i l e e n a k m I ( 1 ) ,

- N e g a t i f b i l e e n a k m I ( 2 ) ,

- S f r b i l e e n a k m I ( 0 ) ,

s i m e t r i k b i l e e n s i s t e m l e r i n i n h e r b i r i n i n k e n d i e m p e d a n s v a r d r . e k i l ? ?

i l e S s i m e t r i k k o m p o n e n t l e r m e t o t u n u i n c e l e y e l i m .

U1 + U2 + U3 = 0 ( 1 . 1 1 )

Ik3L1 + I

k3L2 + I

k3L3 = 0 ( 1 . 1 2 )

Ik3 =E

ZQ + ZT + ZL1=

E

ZT oplam( 1 . 1 3 )

ip =

2 Ik3 ( 1 . 1 4 )

ip =

2 Ik3 =

2 Ik3 [1 + et

DC sink] ( 1 . 1 5 )

a = 1 ej120 = 0, 5 + 0, 5 3, a2 = 1 ej240 = 0, 5 0, 5 3

1 + a + a2 = 0

9


10/53

1 . 4 . S I M E T R I L I B I L E E N L E R B L M 1 . K I S A D E V R E A K I M H E S A P L A R I

Yk

T

~

Q

Ksadevreyeri

L

Ik3E

Z~ ~ Yk3U

ZL1 ZL2

Y /2B

ZT

Y /2B

QZ

n

~

ZL1ZTQZ

E

ZToplam

~ ~ ~

~ ~

~ ~ ~

~

~

b)

c)

a)

e k i l 1 . 3 : 3 k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e a k m n n h e s a p l a n m a s a ) 3 k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e

e m a s , b ) t e k k u t u p l u e d e e r e m a , c ) k s a d e v r e a k m n n b a s i t l e t i r i l m i

e d e e r e m a s

1 0


11/53

B L M 1 . K I S A D E V R E A K I M H E S A P L A R I 1 . 4 . S I M E T R I L I B I L E E N L E R

a bc

a

c

ba

b

0c

21

e k i l 1 . 4 : k o m p o n e n t l e r i n ( a ( 1 ) , b ( 2 ) , c ( 0 ) ) t o p l a m o l a r a k g s t e r i l m e s i

I (2)S

I (0)SI S

I(0)R

I (1)S

I (0)T

I R

I (1)R

I(2)T

I T

I (1)T

I (2)R

Positifb sistemileen

Negatif sistembileen

Sfr ileensistemb

e k i l 1 . 5 : B i r a s i m e t r i k k u t u p l u s i s t e m i n ( a R , b S u n d c T ) s i m e t r i k

s i s t e m d e ( a ( 1 ) R , S , T , b ( 2 ) R , S , T , c ( 0 ) R , S , T , ) g s t e r i l m e s i , a b i r i m g s t e r g e s i

1 1


12/53

1 . 4 . S I M E T R I L I B I L E E N L E R B L M 1 . K I S A D E V R E A K I M H E S A P L A R I

kutupluasimetriktrifazesistemin

in(120)gsterilmesi

un

Simetrikkomponentlereevrimi

simetriksistem

Hersistemiinedeer emannizilmesivebirletirilmesi

Geritransformasyonyaplmas

e k i l 1 . 6 : B i r a s i m e t r i k k u t u p l u s i s t e m i n , s i m e t r i k s i s t e m d e k u l -

l a n m n n g s t e r i l m e s i

1 2


13/53

B L M 1 . K I S A D E V R E A K I M H E S A P L A R I 1 . 5 . T E K K U T U P L U K I S A D E V R E A K I M I N I N I N C E L E N M E S I

1 . 5 T e k k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e a k m n n i n c e l e n -

m e s i

E l e k t r i k e b e k e l e r i n d e t e k k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e a k m l a r t m h a t a l a r n %80n i n i o l u t u r u r . H e s a p l a n m a s a a d a k i s e b e b l e r d e n d o l a y m e c b u r i d i r .

E n u z u n i l e t k e n d e a m a a r t l a r n s a l a m a k D o l a y l d o k u n m a y a k a r k o r u m a ( I E C 6 0 3 6 4 k s m 4 1 0 ) v e K a b l o v e i l e t k e n l e r i n t e r m i k d a y a n k l n n i s b a t ( I E C 6 0 3 6 4 k s m 4 3 0 )

e k i l ? ? i n b i r k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e a k m n n e d e e r e m a s n z e l i m

( e k i l ? ? ) v e s i m e t r i k k o m p o n e t l e r y a r d m i l e b i r k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e a k m n

h e s a p l a y a l m .

TransformatrHatveyailetken

Tekkutupluksadevreyeri

ebeke

UT

US

U =0R

UR

UT

UT

USUS

UR

e k i l 1 . 7 : K s a d e v r e y e r i i l e b e s l e m e n o k t a s n d a k i g e r i l i m g s t e r g e l e r i

1 3


14/53

1 . 5 . T E K K U T U P L U K I S A D E V R E A K I M I N I N I N C E L E N M E S I B L M 1 . K I S A D E V R E A K I M H E S A P L A R I

k1enazI~

(0)RU

~

~ E (1)RU

~

(1)RZ

(2)RZ

(0)RZ

(2)RU

e k i l 1 . 8 : B i r k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e a k m n n e d e e r e m a s

1 4


15/53

B L M 1 . K I S A D E V R E A K I M H E S A P L A R I 1 . 5 . T E K K U T U P L U K I S A D E V R E A K I M I N I N I N C E L E N M E S I

S i m e t r i k k o m p o n e n t l e r e g r e a k m v e g e r i l i m d e n k l e m l e r i n i y a z a l m :

IS = IT = 0, I

k1 = IR , UR = 0.

U0 =1

3(UR + US + UT) =

1

3(US + UT) ( 1 . 1 6 )

U1 =1

3(UR + aUS + a

2UT) =1

3(aUS + a

2UT) ( 1 . 1 7 )

U2 =1

3(UR + a

2US + aUT) =1

3(a2US + aUT) ( 1 . 1 8 )

U0 + U1 + U2 = 0 ( 1 . 1 9 )

I0 =1

3(IR + IS + IT) =

1

3IR ( 1 . 2 0 )

I1 =1

3(IR + aIS + a

2IT) =1

3IR ( 1 . 2 1 )

I2 =1

3(IR + a

2IS + aIT) =1

3IR ( 1 . 2 2 )

I0 = I1 = I2 =1

3IR ( 1 . 2 3 )

3 I0 = IR + IS + IT ( 1 . 2 4 )

I1R = I2R = I0 ( 1 . 2 5 )

IR = I1R + I2R + I0R = 3 I1R ( 1 . 2 6 )

I1R =E

Z1 + Z2 + Z0( 1 . 2 7 )

IR =3 E

Z1 + Z2 + Z0( 1 . 2 8 )

1 5


16/53

1 . 5 . T E K K U T U P L U K I S A D E V R E A K I M I N I N I N C E L E N M E S I B L M 1 . K I S A D E V R E A K I M H E S A P L A R I

E

=3

Un3 ( 1 . 2 9 )

Z1 = Z2 a r t l a r n a g r e :

Ik1 en az =

3 cen az Un|2Z1 + Z0|

( 1 . 3 0 )

K s a d e v r e d e k i e v r i m e m p e d a n s i l e :

Ik1 en az =cen az Un

3 Zs( 1 . 3 1 )

Zs = 2 Z1 + Z03

( 1 . 3 2 )

I E C 6 0 9 0 9 a g r e :

R = (2R1Q + 2R1T + 2R1L + R0T + R0L)2

X = (2X1Q + 2X1T + 2X1L + X0T + X0L)2

Ik1 en az =

3 cen az UnR2 + X2

( 1 . 3 3 )

1 6


17/53

B L M 1 . K I S A D E V R E A K I M H E S A P L A R I 1 . 6 . K U T U P L U K I S A D E V R E A K I M I N I N I N C E L E N M E S I

1 . 6 k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e a k m n n i n c e l e n m e s i

k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e a k m s i m e t r i k b i r a k m d r v e h e s a p l a n m a s i i n g e r e k l i

o l a n a r t l a r u n l a r d r :

H a t l a r n ( h a v a h a t l a r n n v e y a k a b l o l a r n ) r e z i s t a n s 20C s c a k l k t a u y g u l a n r .

G e r i l i m f a k t r I E C 6 0 9 0 9 a g r e a l n r .

UR = US = UT = 0, ( 1 . 3 4 )

IR + IS + IT = 0, ( 1 . 3 5 )

D a r a u s f o l g t :

U0U1

U2

= 1

3 1 1 11 a a2

1 a2 a

URUS

UT

, ( 1 . 3 6 )

U0 = U1 = U2 = 0, ( 1 . 3 7 )

I0I1I2

= 13 1 1 11 a a2

1 a2 a

IRIS

IT

, ( 1 . 3 8 ) k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e a k m :

Ik3 =c Un3 Z1

, ( 1 . 3 9 )

Z1 i i n :

Z1 = (R1Q + R1T + R1L)2 + (X1Q + X1T + X1L)2, ( 1 . 4 0 )

V e y a t e k t e k c i h a z l a r m e m p e d a n a s l a r i l e : :

Z1 = Z1Q + Z1T + Z1L. ( 1 . 4 1 )

1 7


18/53

1 . 6 . K U T U P L U K I S A D E V R E A K I M I N I N I N C E L E N M E S I B L M 1 . K I S A D E V R E A K I M H E S A P L A R I

Q T

YG AG

Ksadevre

yeri

Havahatt,kabloveyailetken

SI

~

2U

2I

02

2Z

~

0U

0I

00

0Z

~

1U

1I

01

~

1Z

1E

Toprak

S

R

TI

RI

3

2

1

L

L

L

T

e k i l 1 . 9 : k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e a k m v e e d e e r e m a s

1 8


19/53

B L M 1 . K I S A D E V R E A K I M H E S A P L A R I 1 . 7 . K I S A D E V R E A K I M L A R I N I N P R A T I K T E H E S A P L A N M A S I

1 . 7 K s a d e v r e a k m l a r n n p r a t i k t e h e s a p l a n -

m a s

e k i l ? ? v e r i l m i o l s u n . T e k v e k u t u p l k s a d e v r e a k m l a r n n b a r a l a r d a v e

s o n d e v r e l e r d e h e s a p l a n m a s i s t e n i y o r . T r a n s f o r m a t r d e n s o n y k l e r e k a d a r

b a s i t y n t e m l e r l e v e I E C 6 0 9 0 9 a g r e a k m l a r h e s a p l a y a l m .

Q

USV

G

3~

T1

M

3~M

3~

T2

e k i l 1 . 1 0 : E l e k t r i k e b e k e s i v e k s a d e v r e n o k t a l a r

1 9


20/53

1 . 7 . K I S A D E V R E A K I M L A R I N I N P R A T I K T E H E S A P L A N M A S I B L M 1 . K I S A D E V R E A K I M H E S A P L A R I

1 . 7 . 1 e b e k e d e r l e r i

e k i l g r e f a z k s a d e v r e Q d e r b a l a n t n o k t a s n d a y a l n z c a b a l a n g

s i m e t r i k k s a d e v r e a k m IkQ b i l i n d i i e b e k e d e n b e s l e n i r s e , b u d u r u m d a Q d e r b a l a n t n o k t a s n d a e b e k e n i n e d e e r e m p e d a n s ZQ ( p o z i t i f b i l e e n k s a d e v r e e m p e d a n s ) , a a d a k i g i b i b e l i r l e n i r .

Y G v e O G e l e l e k t r i k e b e k e l e r i n d e i e m p e d a n s :

ZQ = RQ + j XQ

ZQ =c UnQ

3 IkQZQ =

c U2nQSkQ

( 1 . 4 2 )

E e r k s a d e v r e b i r T r a n s f o r m a t r n z e r i n d e b e s l e n i r s e .

ZQt =c UnQ

3 IkQ 1

t2r

ZQt =c U2nQ

SkQ 1

t2r( 1 . 4 3 )

IkQ =c UnQt

3 ZQt( 1 . 4 4 )

> 35 kV d a n y k s e k g e r i l i m d e Z = 0 + jXQ a l n a b i l i r .

XQ = 0, 995 ZQRQ = 0, 1 XQ,

SkQ =

3 UnQ IkQ ( 1 . 4 5 )

2 0


21/53


1 . 7 . 2 T r a n s f o r m a t r l e r

Y k t e k a d e m e d e i t i r i c i l i o l a n v e y a o l m a y a n i k i s a r g l t r a n s f o r m a t r n p o z -

i t i f b i l e e n k s a d e v r e e m p e d a n s l a r a a d a k i g i b i b e y a n t r a n s f o r m a t r v e r i -

l e r i n d e n h e s a p l a n a b i l i r .

TR TX

1U

2U

YG

AG

1I

kk IR ?

kk IjX ?

'

2U

1U

e k i l 1 . 1 1 : T r a n s f o r m a t r l e r v e e d e e r e m a s

ZT = ukr

100%U2rTSrT

( 1 . 4 6 )

RT =uRr

100%

U2rTSrT

=PkrT

3 I2rT( 1 . 4 7 )

XT =

Z2T R2T ( 1 . 4 8 )

T r a n s f o r m a t r n a l t g r u b u D y n 5 a l n r s a :

Z2T = Z1T( 1 . 4 9 )

R0T = RT ( 1 . 5 0 )

X0T = 0, 95 XT ( 1 . 5 1 )

T r a n s f o r m a t r n a l t g r u b u D z n 0 v e Y z n 1 1 a l n r s a :

2 1


22/53


R0T = 0, 4 RT ( 1 . 5 2 ) X0T = 0, 1 XT ( 1 . 5 3 )

T r a n s f o r m a t r n n o m i n a l a k m i l e s e k o n d e r k l e m e s l e r i n d e s r e k l i k s a

d e v r e a k m h e s a p l a n a b i l i r .

Ik = IrT %100ukr

( 1 . 5 4 )

T r a n s f o r m a t r l e r d e e m p e d a n s d z e l t m e s i :

ZT = KT ZT ( 1 . 5 5 )

KT = 0, 95 cmax1 + 0, 6 kT ( 1 . 5 6 )

kT =XT

U

2

rT/SrT

( 1 . 5 7 )

S i m g e l e r i n a n l a m :

UrT Y G v e y a A G t a r a f n d a k i t r a n s f o r m a t r n b e y a n g e r i l i m i , IrT Y G v e y a A G t a r a f n d a k i t r a n s f o r m a t r n b e y a n a k m , SrT T r a n s f o r m a t r n b e y a n g r n e n g c , PrT B e y a n a k m d a s a r g l a r d a t r a n s f o r m a t r n t o p l a m k a y b , ukr B e y a n a k m d a y z d e k s a d e v r e g e r i l i m i , uRr K s a d e v r e g e r i l i m i n i n y z d e b e y a n r e z i s t i f b i l e e n i , R0T T r a n s f o r m a t r n s f r d i r e n c i ,

RTT r a n s f o r m a t r n e t k i n d i r e n c i ,

X0T T r a n s f o r m a t r n e n d k t i f s f r d i r e n c i , XT T r a n s f o r m a t r n e n d k t i f d i r e n c i .

2 2


23/53


1 . 7 . 3 K a b l o v e i l e t k e n l e r

K a b l o v e i l e t k e n l e r i n o h m i k v e e n d k t i f d i r e n l e r i i s e :

e k i l 1 . 1 2 : K a b l o v e i l e t k e n l e r i n e d e e r e m a s

ZL = RL + j XL ( 1 . 5 8 )

RL = R

L l ( 1 . 5 9 ) XL = X

L l ( 1 . 6 0 )

R0L =R0LRL

RL ( 1 . 6 1 ) X0L =

R0LRL

XL ( 1 . 6 2 )

S i m g e l e r i n a n l a m :

RL l e t k e n r e s i s t a n s , S l e t k e n k e s i t i , XL l e t k e n r e a k t a n s .

2 3


24/53


1 . 7 . 4 T N s i s t e m d e t e k k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e

A G e l e k t r i k e b e k e l e r i n d e T N s i s t e m i u y g u l a n r s a s f r v e p o s i t i f b i l e e n l e r

d i k k a t e a l n r v e y a o k b a s i t f o r m l l e r k u l l a n l r .

L L

3

X

PEN PENR X

T TR X

PE PE

~

X

Q T

YG AG

Ksadevre

yeri

Havahatt,kabloveyailetken

R

R

nc.U

Q QR X

e k i l 1 . 1 3 : T N s i s t e m v e e d e e r e m a s

S f r v e p o s i t i f b i l e e n l e r m e t o t u i l e : Rk = (2RQ + 2RT + 2RL + R0T + R0L)

Xk = (2XQ + 2XT + 2XL + X0T + X0L)

V e y a r e s i s t a n z v e r e a k t a n s d i r e n l e r i n t o p l a m i l e :

Rk = (RQ + RT + RL + RP E + RP EN)

Xk = (XQ + XT + XL + XP E + XP EN)

Zk =

R2k +

X2k ( 1 . 6 3 )

2 4


25/53


D a h a s o n r a t e k k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e a k m Zk i l e h e a s p l a n r .

Ik1 =cenaz Un

3 Zk( 1 . 6 4 )

B a s i t f o r m l l e r y a r d m i l e :

1 ) n e m p e d a n s s f r a l n r .

2 ) T r a n s f o r m a t r n e m p e d a n s d o r u d a n h e s a p l a n r .

ZT =ukr

100%

U2rTSrT

( 1 . 6 5 )

3 ) K a b l o v e i l e t k e n l e r i n e m p e d a n s d o r u d a n h e s a p l a n r .

ZL = l rL, ( 1 . 6 6 ) ZL = l xL. ( 1 . 6 7 )

2 5


26/53


1 . 7 . 5 r n e k 1 : F a b r i k a b e s l e m e s

C n o k t a s n d a k i b i r f a b r i k a i k i t r a n s f o r m a t r i l e h a v a h a t t v e y e r a l t k a b o s u

v a s t a s i y l e b e s l e n m e k i s t e n i y o r ( e k i l ? ? ) .

1 . H a t a y e r l e r i n d e k i i m p e d a n s l a r h e s a p l a y n z .

2 . k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e a k m n ( Ik3 ) h e s a p l a y n z .

e k i l 1 . 1 4 : F a b r i k a b e s l e m e s i

1 . m p e d a n s l a r n h e s a b :

ZQt =

c

U2nQ

SkQ =

1, 1

(0, 4kV)2

500MV A = 0, 352mXQt = 0, 995 ZQt = 0, 995 0, 352m = 0, 35mRQt = 0, 1 XQt = 0, 1 0, 35m = 0, 035mZT =

ukr100 %

U2rTSrT

=6%

100% (400V)

2

4MV A= 2, 4m

RT =uRr

100% U

2rT

SrT=

1, 05%

100% (400V)

2

4MV A= 0, 42m

XT =

Z2T R2TXT = 2, 42 0, 42

2m = 2, 363m

H a v a h a t t

RF = r l = 0, 299/km 0, 350km = 104, 7m

2 6


27/53


XF = x l = 0, 075/km 0, 350km = 26, 3m

ZF = R2 + X2 = 104, 72 + 26, 32m = 107, 95m

K a b l o

Rk = r l

n= 0, 101/km 0, 750km

4= 18, 94m

Xk = x l

n= 0, 080/km 0, 750km

4= 15m

Zk =

R2 + X2 =

18, 942 + 152m

Zk = 24, 16mZkA = ZQt + ZT = 2, 75m

A n o k t a s n d a k s a d e v r e

Ik3 =c Un3 ZkA

=1, 0 400V3 2, 75m = 83, 98kA

B n o k t a s n d a 3 - k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e

ZkB = ZkA + ZF = 2, 75m + 107, 95m = 110, 7m

Ik3 =1, 0 400V3 110, 7m = 2, 09kA

C n o k t a s n d a 3 - k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e

ZkC = ZkB + ZK = 110, 7m + 24, 16m = 134, 86m

Ik3 =1, 0 400V

3 134, 86m = 1, 71kA

2 7


28/53


1 . 7 . 6 r n e k 2 : I m p e d a n z d z e l t m e s i i l e k s a d e v r e

e k i l ? ? v e r i l m i t i r .

1 . H a t a y e r l e r i n d e k i i m p e d a n s l a r h e s a p l a y n z .

2 . H a t a y e r l e r i n d e k i i m p e d a n s d z e l t m e l e r i n i h e s a p l a y n z .

3 . K s m i k s a d e v r e l e r i h e s a p l a y n z .

4 . Ik3 , ip3 v e Ia h e s a p l a y n z .

e k i l 1 . 1 5 : m p e d a n z d z e l t m e s i

A a d a k i v e r i l e r b i l i n m e k t e d i r :

T r a n s f o r m a t r :

SrT = 1000kV A, a l t g r u b u : D y n 5 , ukrT = 6%, uRrT = 1, 05%.J e n a r t r :

SrG = 600kV A, UrG = 0, 4kV , c o s rG = 0, 8, x

d = 12%, x

(0)G = 8%.K a b l o K 1 :

r = 0, 105/km , x = 0, 072/km .K a b l o K 2 :

r = 0, 066/km , x = 0, 079/km , R0LRL

= 4, X0LXL

= 3, 66.F i d e r i n i m p e d a n s

ZQ =1, 1 U2n

SkQ

=1, 1 (20kV)2

500MVA= 0, 88

ZQ =

R2Q + X2Q

XQ =ZQ

1, 005=

0, 88

1, 005= 0, 8756

2 8


29/53


RQ = 0, 1 0, 8756 = 0, 08756ZQ = (0, 08756 + j0, 8756)

K a b l o n u n i m p e d a n s

ZK1 = l (r + jx) = 8, 5km(0, 105 + j0, 072)/km = (08925 +j0, 612)ZG1 = ZQ + ZK = (0, 98 + j1, 4876)

Z = ZG1

UrTUS UrTOS

2= (0, 98 + j1, 4876)

0, 4kV

20kV

2

= (0, 000392 + j0, 000595)

uxrT =

u2KrT u2RrT = (62 1, 052)% = 5, 9 %RT =

uRrT100%

U2rTUS SrT

=1, 05%

100%

(0, 4kV)2

1000kVA= 0, 00168

XT =uXrT100%

U2rTUS SrT

=5, 9%

100%

(0, 4kV)2

1000 kVA= 0, 00944

ZT = (0, 00168 + j0, 00944)

ZG = Z+ ZT = (0, 002072 + j0, 01)

ZG = 0, 01

XGen = X

d =xd U2rG

100% SrG=

12%

100%

(0, 4kV)2

600kVA

= 0, 032

RGen = 0, 15 Xd = 0, 15 0, 032 = 0, 0048

D z e l t m e f a k t r l e r i

KG =Un

UrG cmax

1 + Xd sin rG=

0, 4kV

0, 4kV

1

1 + 0, 12 0, 6 = 0, 93ZGK = KG ZG = 0, 93 (0, 048 + j0, 032) = (0, 0445 + j0, 0298)ZGK =

0, 04452 + 0, 02982 = 0, 0536

B a l a n g k s a d e v r e a k m n n h e s a p l a n m a s :

F i d e r i n k s m i a k m :

Ik3 =c Un3 ZG

=1, 0 0, 4kV

3 0, 01 = 23, 09kA

2 9


30/53


J e n e r a t r n k s m i a k m :

I3 = c Un

3 ZGen= 1, 0 0, 4kV

3 0, 0536 = 4, 31kA

K a s m i k m l a r n t o p l a m : Ik3 = I

k3Netz + I

k3Gen = 27, 4kA

T e p e n o k t a s n n h e s a p l a n m a s


ip3Netz =

2 Ik3R

X=

0, 002072

0, 01= 0, 2 = 1, 58

ip3Netz = 1, 58

2 23, 09kA = 51, 59kAJ e n e r a t r n k s m i a k m :

ip3Gen =

2 Ik3GenR

X= 0, 15 = 1, 03

ip3Gen = 1, 03

2

4, 31kA = 10, 36kA

T o p l a m k s m i a k m l a r : ip3 = ip3Netz + ip3Gen = 61, 95kA

A m a a k m n h e s a p l a n m a s


IaNetz = I

k3Netz = 23, 09kA ( j e n e r a t r d e n u z a k )

J e n e r a t r n k s m i a k m :

IaGen =

Ik3Gen = 0, 755

4, 31kA = 3, 25kA

IrG = SrG

3 UrG= 600kV A

3 0, 4kV = 866AIk3Gen

IrG=

4, 31kA

0, 866kA= 4, 98

3 0


31/53


T o p l a m : Ia = Ia3Netz + Ia3Gen = 26, 34kA

T o p l a m i m p e d a n s F 1

Zp =ZG ZGK

ZG + ZGK=

(0, 00207 + j0, 01) (0, 0445 + j0, 0298)(0, 00207 + j0, 01) + (0, 0445 + j0, 0298)

=0, 000206 + j0, 000507

0, 0466 + j0, 0398

= 0, 00282 + j0, 00847

ZG =

0, 002822 + 0, 008472 = 0, 00893

K a b l o K 2 n i n i m p e d a n s

Zk2 = l(r + jx) = 0, 085km (0, 066 + j0, 079)/km

= (0, 00561 + j0, 006715)

Zk = Zp + Zk2= (0, 00282 + j0, 00847) + (0, 00561 + j0, 006715)

= (0, 00843 + j0, 0152)

Zk = (0, 00843 + 0, 0152)2 = 0, 0174

B a l a n g k s a d e v r e a k m :

Ik3 =c Un3 Zk

=0, 4kV

3 0, 0174 = 13, 3kA

3 1


32/53


1 . 7 . 7 r n e k 3 : T r a n s f o r m a t r n j e n e r a t r v e d e r t a r a f n -

d a n b e s l e n m e s i


1 . I m p e d a n s l a r h e s a p l a y n z .

2 . Ik3 , I

k2E, I

k2 v e I

k1 h e s a p l a y n z .

3 . H a n g i k s a d e v r e e n f a z l a d r ?

e k i l 1 . 1 6 : T r a n s f o r m a t r n j e n e r a t r v e d e r t a r a f n d a n b e s l e n m e s i

J e n e r a t r :

Xd = x

d (1, 05 Un)2

SrG= 0, 12 (1, 05 110kV)

2

500MV A= 12, 8

e b e k e :

ZQt =1, 1 U2n

SkQ=

1, 1 (110kV)2125MV A

= 26, 62

T a n s f o r m a t r :

ZT =uR

100% U

2n

SrT= 0, 15 (110kV)

2

125MV A= 14, 52

P a r a l e l i m p e d a n s

Zp =ZGt ZQt

ZGt + ZQt=

(12, 8 26, 62)(12, 8 + 26, 62)

= 8, 64

3 k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e

Ik3 =c Un3 ZG

=1, 1 110kV

3 23, 16 = 3kA

3 2


33/53


1 k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e

Ik1 =3 c Un

Z1 + Z2 + Z0

P o z i t i f b i l e e n : Z1 = 23, 16N e g a t i f b i l e e n : Z2 = Z1S f r b i l e e n : R0 = 0, X0 = 0, 75 X1 = 0, 75 14, 52 = 10, 89

Ik1 =

3 1, 1 110kV

|2 23, 16 + 10, 89|= 3, 66kA

T o p r a k t e m a s l i k i k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e :

Ik2E =

3 c UnZ0 + Z1 + Z0 Z1Z2

=

3 1, 1 110kV10, 89 + 23, 16 + 10, 89 23,1623,16

= 4, 66kA

T o p r a k t e m a s o l m a y a n i k i k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e :

Ik2 =c Un

Z1 + Z2

=c Un2 Z1

=

3

2 Ik3 = 3, 67kA

T o p r a k t e m a s l i k i k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e e n y k s e k .

1 . 7 . 8 r n e k 4 : M o t o r l a r n p a r a l e l t e s i s i v e k s a d e v r e

a k m n a e t k i s i

D r t m o t o r e k i l ? ? e g r e 2 0 / 6 k V z e r i n d e n b a l a n m t r .

T r a n s f o r m a t r :

SrT = 25MV A, ukrT = 13%, 20/6, 3 k V .M o t o r 1 v e 2 :

2 x Prm = 2, 3 MW, UrG = 6kV , c o s rG = 0, 86,p = 2 , Ia/Irm = 5, = 0, 97.M o t o r 3 v e 4 :

2 x Prm = 0, 36MW, UrG = 6kV , c o s rG = 0, 87 ,

3 3


34/53


p = 1 , Ia/Irm = 5, 5, = 0, 98 .

S o r u l a r :

1 . R e a k t a n z l a r h e s a p l a y n z .

2 . M o t o r k l e m e s l e r i n d e k i a k m l a r h e s a p l a y n z .

3 . M o t o r l a r d a k i a m a a k m l a r n h e s a p l a y n z .

e k i l 1 . 1 7 : M o t o r l a r n p a r a l e l t e s i s i v e k s a d e v r e a k m n a e t k i s i

e b e k e

ZQt =c U2nQ

SkQ 1

u2=

1, 1 (20kV)21000MV A

(6, 3kV)2

(20kV)2= 0, 044

T r a n s f o r m a t r

ZT =ukrT

100% U

2rTUS

SrT=

13%

100% (6, 3kV)

2

25MV A= 0, 206

m p e d a n s

Zk = ZQt + ZT = 0, 25

M o t o r s u z b a l a n g a k m

Ik3 =c Un3 Zk

=1, 1 6kV

3 0, 25= 15, 24kA

M o t o r i m p e d a n s l a r

Zm1 =1

2 cos

Ian/Irm U

2rm

Prm=

1

2 0, 86 0, 97

5 (6kV)

2

2, 3MV A= 1, 305

3 4


35/53


Zm2 =1

2 cosIan/Irm

U2rm

Prm=

1

2 0, 87 0, 98

5, 5 (6kV)2

0, 36MV A

= 7, 75

K s m i a k m l a r

Ikm1 =c Un3 Zm1

=1, 1 6kV3 1, 305 = 2, 92kA

Ikm2 =c Un3 Zm2

=1, 1 6kV

3 7, 75 = 0, 492kA

M o t o r u n k s a d e v r e a k m n a k a t k s

I

k = I

k ( m o t o r s u z ) + I

km1 + I

km2

= 15, 24kA + 2, 92kA + 0, 492kA = 18, 65kA

K s a d e v r e g c

Sk =

3 Un Ik =

3 6kV 18, 65kA = 193, 8MV A

- f a k t r l e r i n i n h e s a b t = 0 , 1 s

Irm1 =

Srm1

3 Urm1 = 0, 221kAIrm2 =

Srm23 Urm2

= 0, 035kA

Ikm1Irm1

=2, 92kA

0, 221kA= 11, 2 = 0, 64

Ikm2Irm2

=0, 492kA

0, 035kA= 12, 1 = 0, 634

q - f a k t r

motor

Pol=

2, 3MV A

2= 1, 15 q = 0, 587

motor

Pol=

0, 36MV A

1= 0, 36 q = 0, 447

3 5


36/53


M o t o r u n a m a a k m

Iam1 = q Ikm1 = 0, 64 0, 587 2, 92kA = 1, 0997kAIam2 = q Ikm2 = 0, 634 0, 447 0, 492kA = 0, 139A

Ia = 16, 4kA

1 . 7 . 9 r n e k 5 : A G e l e k t r i k t e s i s l e r i n d e k s a d e v r e m e k a n i k

z o r l a m a l a r

E l e k t r i k t e s i s l e r i n p l a n l a m a s v e b o y u t l a n d r m a s n d a t e r m i k v e m e k a n i k k s a

d e v r e d a y a n k l k n e m l i b i r r o l o y n a r . B i r r n e k i l e k o n u y u a k l a y a l m .

i z e l g e ? ? v e ? ? d e k s a d e v r e a k m l a r n n b i r d k m a n v e r i l m i t i r .

T a b l o 1 . 1 : D a t m t a b l o s u n d a Ik1min i i n t o p l a m s o n u l a r

l e t m e c i h a z R m RPE m X m XPE v e m

( 1 2 0 m m

2) ( 7 0 m m

2)

n d e r - - - -

T r a n s f o r m a t r 3 , 5 1 3

K a b l o 1 5 , 6 8 2 6 , 8 8 6 , 8 6 , 8

i m p e d a n s = 5 3 , 1 8 m

K s a d e v r e a k m Ik1min = 4 , 1 2 k A

T a b l o 1 . 2 : S o n l i n y e d e Ik1min i i n t o p l a m s o n u l a r

l e t m e c i h a z R m RPE m X m XPE m

( 1 2 0 m m

2) ( 7 0 m m

2)

n d e r - - - -

T r a n s f o r m a t r 3 , 5 1 3

K a b l o 1 5 , 6 8 2 6 , 8 8 6 , 8 6 , 8

l e t k e n 2 2 1 , 4 2 2 1 , 4 2 2

T o p l a m d i r e n l e r 2 3 9 , 7 8 2 4 8 , 2 8 2 3 , 8 8 , 8

T o p l a m i m p e d a n s 4 8 8 , 8 6 m = 3 0 , 6 m

i m p e d a n s = 4 8 9 , 8 m

K s a d e v r e a k m Ik1min = 4 4 8 A

3 6


37/53


T a b l o 1 . 3 : D a t m t a b l o s u n d a Ik3 i i n t o p l a m s o n u l a r

l e t m e c i h a z R m X m

n d e r -

T r a n s f o r m a t r 3 , 5 1 3

K a b l o 1 2 , 6 5 6 , 8

T o p l a m 1 6 , 1 5 m 1 9 , 8 m

T o p l a m i m p e d a n s 2 5 , 5 5 m

K s a d e v r e a k m I

k3 = 9 , 1 4 k A

T a b l o 1 . 4 : S o n l i n y e d e Ik3 i i n t o p l a m s o n u l a r

l e t m e c i h a z R m X m

n d e r -

T r a n s f o r m a t r 3 , 5 1 3

K a b e l 1 2 , 6 5 6 , 8

l e t k e n 1 7 8 , 6 2

T o p l a m 1 9 4 , 7 5 2 1 , 2 8

K s a d e v r e a k m 2 0 4 , 2 5 m

I

k3 = 1 , 0 6 8 k A

T e p e n o k t a s n n h e s a p l a n m a s :

= 1, 02 + 0, 98 e3RX

= 1, 02 + 0, 98 e3 15,3521,8 = 1, 138ip =

2 Ik3 = 1, 138

2 9, 14kA = 14, 7kA

T e r m i k a k m n h e s a p l a n m a s :

Ithm = I

k

m + n

J e n e r a t r d e n u z a k t a k i k s a d e v r e i i n n = 1 g e e r l i d i r .

m = 12 f tk ln( 1)e

4fTkln(1) 1]

m =1

2 50Hz 0, 9s ln(1, 138 1)[e450Hz 1sln(1,1381) 1] = 0, 005

3 7


38/53


Ithm = 9, 14kA

0, 005 + 1 = 9, 16kA

D a t m p a n o s u n d a k i t e r m i k k s a d e v r e a k m :

Ithz = 12, 5kA

s

0, 9s= 17, 17kA

A n a d a t m p a n o s u n d a k i t e r m i k k s a d e v r e y k l e m e a k m :

Ithz = 20kA

s

0, 9s= 21, 8kA

tth = 1s v e tk = 0, 9s o l d u u n d a A n a v e t a l i d a t m p a n o s u n d a k s a d e v r e z o r l a m a a k m ( i z e l g e ? ? ) :

T a b l o 1 . 5 : Z o r l a m a a k m n n d e e r l e n d i r i l m e s i

4 0 0 - V K s a d e v r e - G e r e k l i -

h e s a b k s a d e v r e

I

k3 ip Ithm Isc Ima Ith Ithz

A n a p a n o 1 7 , 1 5 k A 3 3 , 9 5 k A 2 0 k A 4 0 k A 2 1 , 0 8 k A

T a l i p a n o 8 , 5 8 k A 1 3 , 8 k A 1 2 , 5 k A 2 0 k A 8 , 6 k A 1 7 , 1 7 k A

L i n y e 1 k A 6 k A 6 k A

1 . 7 . 1 0 r n e k 6 : Y G v e O G a l t s i s t e m l e r i n i n k s a d e v r e

a k m n a k a r d a y a n k l

e k i l ? ? d e 1 1 0 k V b i r e b e k e d e e r l e r i v e r i l m i t i r . e k i l ? ? s i s t e m i n e d e e r

e m a s n g s t e r m e k t e d i r .

n c e 1 1 0 k V t a r a f n d a s i s t e m i n i m p e d a n s l a r n h e s a p l a y a l m .

ZQ =c (UrQ)

2

S

kQ

=1, 1(110kV)2

5000MV A= 2, 662

XQ = ZQ = 2, 662

B u i m p e d a n s d n t r n e o r a n t2max i l e 2 0 k V t a r a f n a i n d i r g e n i r .

3 8


39/53


e k i l 1 . 1 8 : Y G v e O G a l t s i s t e m l e r i

e k i l 1 . 1 9 : S i s t e m i n e e d e e r e m a s

ZQt = 2, 662 1t2max

= 72, 1m

XQt = 72, 1m

I E C 6 0 9 0 9 a g r e j e n e r a t r d e n u z a k k s a d e v r e y i h e s a p l a y a l m :

XT U S 2 XQt = 1, 265 2 71, 74m,

3 9


40/53


a r t y e r i n e g e l m i t i r .

T r a n s f o r m a t r n i m p e d a n s l a r n h e s a p l a y a l m :

1 1 0 k V 1 6 % 1 3 k a d e m e l i ( 2 7 t a n z i m l i ) , 2 1 k V , 3 1 , 5 / 1 1 0 k V . E n f a z l a t a n z i m i i n ( 1 . k a d e m e i i n ) :

O r t a t a n z i m ( 1 4 . k a d e m e i i n ) :

Zk = 46, 7, IT OS = 165, 3/209, 9A, UT OS = 110kVE n f a z l a t a n z i m ( 2 7 . k a d e m e i i n ) :

Zk = 30, 7, IT OS = 196, 8/249, 9A, UT OS = 92, 4kV

UT OS = UnTOS(1 pT)

pT = 0, 16 > 0, 05

E n y k s e k t a n z i m d e k s a d e v r e a k m o r t a y a k a r :

tmax =UT OSUT U S

=127, 6kV

21kV= 6, 08

RT =PkrT

3 IrTOS= 136kW

3 (209, 9A)2 = 1, 03

ZT = XT = 46, 7 1t2max

= 1, 265

RT = 1, 03 1t2max

= 27, 84m

K a b l o i m p e d a n s l a r n h e s a p l a y a l m :

K a b l o d e e r l e r i [? ]: N 2 X S ( F ) 2 Y 1 x 3 0 0 R m / 2 5 , 1 2 / 2 0 k V : R = 0, 0601/km 30m km

1000m= 1, 8m v e L = 0, 347mH/km

X = 2 50Hz 0, 347mH/km = 109m/km 30m km1000m = 3, 27m

4 0


41/53


e k i l 1 . 2 0 : F 1 n o k t a s n d a p o z i t i f s i s t e m e d e e r e m a s

H a v a h a t t : A l / S t 5 3 7 / 5 3 m m 2 .

e k i l ? ? e g r e k s a d e v r e a k m l a r n h e s a p l a y a l m .

ZQ 2 , 6 6 2 XQ 2 , 6 6 2 RQ 0

Ik =c (UrQ)

3 Zk=

1, 1 110kV3 2, 662

= 26, 24kA

Ik = Ik = Ia = 26, 24kA

RkXk

=RQXQ

=0

2, 662= 0

= 1, 02 + 0, 98 e0 = 2

ip = 2

2 26, 24kA = 74, 23kA

B a s b a r d a 3 - k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e a k m :

4 1


42/53



F i d e r T r a n s f o r m a t o r K a b l o

ZQ 2 , 6 6 2 ZT 1 2 6 5 m XK/3 1 , 0 9 m XQ 2 , 6 6 2 XT 1 2 6 5 m RK/3 0 , 6 0 1 m RQ 0 RT 2 7 , 8 7 m

D a l 1 :

RkXk

=27, 87m

1265m= 0, 02203

Rk = 0, 02203 Xk < 0, 3Xk1D a l 2 :

RkXk

=27, 87m + 0, 601m + 0, 601m

1265m + 1, 09m + 1, 09m= 0, 02294

Rk = 0, 02294 Xk < 0, 3Xk

Xk = XQt +XT1(XT2 +

Xk13

+ Xk23

)

XT1 + (XT2 +Xk13

+ Xk23

)

Xk = 72, 1m +1265m (1265m + 1, 09m + 1, 09m)

1265m + (1265m + 1, 09m + 1, 09m)

= 705, 1m

4 2


43/53


Ik = c UnTUS3 Zk

= 1, 1 20kV3 705, 1m = 18, 014kA

Ik = Ik = Ia = 18, 014kA

Sk =

3 20kA 18, 014kA = 624MV AT a l i k s a d e v r e a k m l a r n n h e s a p l a n m a s :

Ikdal2

I

kdal1

=XT

XT + Xk/3 + Xk/3

=XT

XT + 2/3 Xk=

1

1 + 2/3 XK

XT

Ikdal2 = I

kdal1 1

1 + 2/3 XKXT

Ik = I

kdal1 + I

kdal2 + + Ikdaln

Ikdal1 = I

k [1

1 + 11+ 2

3XKXT

]

I

kdal1 = 18, 014kA [1

1 + 11+ 231,09m1265m

= 9, 0095kA

2 . d a l i i n :

Ikdal2 = I

k Ikdal1 = 18, 014kA 9, 015kA = 8, 999kAT e p e n o k t a s n d a k s a d e v r e a k m n n h e s a p l a n m a s :

1 = 1, 02 + 0, 98 e3RX = 1, 02 + 0, 98 e30,02203 = 1, 937ipdal1 = 1, 937

2 Ikdal1 = 1, 937

2 9, 015kA = 24, 7kA

2 = 1, 02 + 0, 98 e3R

X

= 1, 02 + 0, 98 e30,02294

= 1, 935ipdal2 = 1, 935

2 Ikdal1 = 1, 937

2 8, 999kA = 24, 6kA

ip = ipdal1 + ipdal2 = 49, 32kA

4 3


44/53


2 0 k V b a s b a r d a 3 - k u t u p l u k s a d e v r e a k m n n h e s a p l a n m a s :


Xk = XQt +(XT1 +

Xk13 ) (XT2 +

Xk23 )

XT1 +Xk13 + XT2 +

Xk23

Xk = 72, 1m +(1265m + 1, 09m) (1265m + 1, 09m)

(1265m + 1, 09m) + (1265m + 1, 09m)

= 705, 1m

Ik =c UnTUS

3 Zk=

1, 1 20kV3 705, 1m = 18, 014kA

Ik = Ik = Ia = 18, 014kA

Sk =

3 20kA 18, 014kA = 624MV A

RkXk

=14, 24m

705, 1m= 0, 02019

= 1, 02 + 0, 98 e30,02019 = 1, 94

4 4


45/53


ip = 1, 94

2 18, 04kA = 49, 5kA

IkIk

= 1 n = 1

m =1

2 f Tk ln( 1) [e4 f Tk ln(1) 1]

Tk = 1 s :

m =1

2 50Hz 1s ln(1, 94 1)[e450Hz Tkln(1,941)

1] = 0, 162

T e r m i k k s a s r e l i a k m :

Ith = I

k

m + 1 = 18kA

0, 162 + 1 = 19, 4kA

Tk = 1 s :

Ith = I

k

m + 1 = 27kA

0, 195 + 1 = 29, 5kA

C i h a z l a r n b o y u t l a n d r l m a s :

4 5


46/53


1 . 7 . 1 1 r n e k 7 : 2 2 0 k V b i r e b e k e d e k s a d e v r e h e s a p l a r


K s a d e v r e a k m l a r n h e s a p l a y n z .

e k i l 1 . 2 3 : 2 2 0 k V e b e k e

F i d e r :

ZQ =c U2nQ

SkQ=

1, 1 (220kV)28000MV A

= 6, 65

J e n e r a t r :

ZG =xd U2rG

100% SrG =17 (21kV)2

250MV A= 0, 30

D z e l t m e f a k t r :

KG,KW =c

1 + xd sinrG=

1, 1

1 + 0, 17 0, 63 = 0, 994

ZG,KW = KG,KW ZG = 0, 994 0, 30 = 0, 298

B l o k t r a n s f o r m a t r :

ZT OS =ukr

100%

U2rTOSSrT

ZT OS =15%

100%

(240kV)2

250MV A= 34, 56

ZT US =ukr

100%

U2rTUS SrT

4 6


47/53


ZT U S =15%

100%

(21kV)2

250MV A

= 0, 26

ZT,KW = c ZT US = 1, 1 0, 26 = 0, 286Q n o k t a s n d a k s a d e v r e d e e r l e r i :

Ik = I

kQ + I

kKW

IkQ =c UnQ

3 ZQ=

1, 1 220kV3 6, 65 = 21kA

ZKW = KKW (u2r ZG + ZT OS)

KKW = (

ufur )

2

c

1 + (xd xT) sinrGKKW = (

220kV

21kV)2(

21kV

240kV)2 1, 1

1 + (0, 17 0, 15) 0, 63 = 0, 913

ZKW = 0, 913 [(240kV21kV

)2 0, 30 + 34, 56] = 67, 32

IkKW ==1, 1 220kV

3 67, 32 = 2, 07kA

Ik == 21kA + 2, 07kA = 23, 07kA

A n o k t a s n d a k s a d e v r e d e e r l e r i :

Ik = I

kG + I

kT

IkG =c UrG

3 ZG,KW=

1, 1 21kV3 0, 298 = 44, 75kA

IkT =c UrG

3 (ZT,KW + 1u2f

ZQ)

IkT =1, 1 21kV

3

(0, 286 + ( 21kV

220kV)2

6, 65)

= 38, 48kA

Ik = 44, 75kA + 38, 48kA = 83, 23kA

4 7


48/53


4 8


49/53

E k A

S o m e A p p e n d i x

n o t h i n g s p e c i a l t o s a y h e r e . . .

4 9


50/53

E K A . S O M E A P P E N D I X

5 0


51/53

e k i l L i s t e s i

1 . 1 T o p r a k l a m a v e k o r u m a t e r i m l e r i n i n e m a t i k g s t e r i m i . . . . . 5

1 . 2 Y a r k r e h e s a b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1 . 3 H a t a a k m v e p o t a n s i y e l d a l m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1 . 4 D o k u n m a v e a d m g e r i l i m l e r i ( E T T Y ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0

1 . 5 T o p r a k l a y c e i t l e r i v e p o t a n s i e l d a l m . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1

1 . 6 S n r l a k m s r e l e r i i i n i z i n v e r i l e n e n y k s e k d o k u n m a g e r -

i l i m l e r i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5

1 . 7 T o p r a k l a m a t e s i s l e r i n i n y a p l m a s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7

1 . 8 Y a l t l m e b e k e l e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9

1 . 9 K o m p a n z e e d i l m i e b e k e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0

1 . 1 0 Y l d z n o k t a s d o r u d a n t o p r a k l a n m e b e k e l e r . . . . . . . . 2 2

1 . 1 1 1 5 H z ' d e n 1 0 0 H z ' e k a d a r a . a e t k i l e r i n i n a k m - z a m a n b l g e l e r i 2 5

1 . 1 2 T N - S s i s t e m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7

1 . 1 3 T N - C - S s i s t e m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8

1 . 1 4 T N s i s t e m i n e d e e r e m a s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8

1 . 1 5 T T s i s t e m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2

1 . 1 6 T T s i s t e m i n e d e e r e m a s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3

1 . 1 7 I T s i s t e m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7

1 . 1 8 I T s i s t e m d e t o p r a k k a p a z i t e s i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7

1 . 1 9 I T s i s t e m i n s i m e t r i k b i l e e n l e r e m a s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8

1 . 2 0 A m a s r e l e r i n i n e k i l i l e g s t e r i l m e s i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2

1 . 2 1 T o p r a k l a m a y a r n e k l e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4

1 . 2 2 E k p o t a n s i y e l d e n g e l e m e e m a s a ) i k i c i h a z a r a s n d a k i k e s i t

b ) c i h a z v e m e t a l a k s a m l a r a r a s n d a k i k e s i t . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5

1 . 2 3 B i r a l t s a h a s n d a t o p r a k l a m a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 6

1 . 2 4 S a n a y i d e t o p r a k l a m a v e b i n a l a r n v e y l d r m a k a r k o r u n m a s 4 7

5 1


52/53

E K I L L I S T E S I E K I L L I S T E S I

5 2


53/53

T a b l o L i s t e s i

1 . 1 Y a l t l m e b e k e l e r i n a v a n t a j l a r v e d e j a v a n l a t j l a r . . . . . . . 1 9

1 . 2 K o m p a n z e e d i l m i e b e k e l e r i n a v a n t a j l a r v e d e j a v a n t a j l a r . . 2 1

1 . 3 Y l d z n o k t a s d o r u d a n t o p r a k l a n m e b e k e l e r i n a v a n t a j l a r

v e d e j a v a n t a j l a r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2

1 . 4 i z e l g e : B l g e l e r e i l i k i n a i k l a m a l a r . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6

1 . 5 i z e l g e : A G s i s t e m l e r i i i n e n b y k a m a s r e l e r i ( A C ) 3 0

1 . 6 i z e l g e : K o r u m a i l e t l k e n i k e s i t l e r i . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1

1 . 7 i z e l g e : T o p r a k l a m a i l e t k e n l e r i k e s i t l e r i . . . . . . . . . 3 1

1 . 8 i z e l g e : K o r u m a i l e t l k e n i k e s i t l e r i . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1

1 . 9 i z e l g e : T T s i s t e m d e k o r u m a i l e t k e n i k e s i t i . . . . . . . 3 4

1 . 1 0 i z e l g e : l e t k e n l e r i n a y r l m a s i l e k e s i t h e s a b . . . . . 3 4

1 . 1 1 i z e l g e : K o r u m a p o t a n s i y e l d e n g e l e m e i l e t k e n i k e s i t i . 3 5

ismail kasıkcı

Documents

Transcript of ismail kasıkcı