Islamic University of Gaza Faculty of Nursing

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Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Faculty of Nursing Faculty of Nursing Trends And Issues Trends And Issues Ali H. Abu Ryala Ali H. Abu Ryala NURSING IN PALESTINE NURSING IN PALESTINE

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Islamic University of Gaza Faculty of Nursing. Trends And Issues Ali H. Abu Ryala NURSING IN PALESTINE. Introduction. The nursing profession has grown significantly in the past recent years in Palestine. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Islamic University of Gaza Faculty of Nursing

Page 1: Islamic University of Gaza Faculty of Nursing

Islamic University of GazaIslamic University of GazaFaculty of NursingFaculty of Nursing

Trends And IssuesTrends And IssuesAli H. Abu RyalaAli H. Abu Ryala

NURSING IN PALESTINENURSING IN PALESTINE

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IntroductionIntroduction The nursing profession has grown The nursing profession has grown

significantly in the past recent years in significantly in the past recent years in Palestine. Palestine.

Now there is advanced technology used to Now there is advanced technology used to provide the advanced health care consistent provide the advanced health care consistent with these development nurses needs to be with these development nurses needs to be qualified, efficient and effective. qualified, efficient and effective.

Specialty nursing education future plan for Specialty nursing education future plan for nurses/midwives need to concentrate on nurses/midwives need to concentrate on fields with least available such as fields with least available such as oncology, health education, women health, oncology, health education, women health, management, orthopedic, rehabilitation etc. management, orthopedic, rehabilitation etc.

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Introduction… contIntroduction… cont It has become an extremely important It has become an extremely important

component in health care system, component in health care system, taking to fact that nurses represent the taking to fact that nurses represent the majority group among all health care majority group among all health care professionals. professionals.

Therefore, the increased awareness of Therefore, the increased awareness of the Palestinian nurses, together with the Palestinian nurses, together with the possibility to promoting and the possibility to promoting and developing the nursing profession, has developing the nursing profession, has seen in the last years. seen in the last years.

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StatisticsStatistics The total number of employed nurses in Palestine 5910 The total number of employed nurses in Palestine 5910

at the end of 2003, out of which 2524 are working in at the end of 2003, out of which 2524 are working in MoH (42.7%), 1602 in NGOs (27.1%), 944 in MoH (42.7%), 1602 in NGOs (27.1%), 944 in UNRWA (16%) and 840 in Military Medical Services UNRWA (16%) and 840 in Military Medical Services (14.2%).(14.2%).

More nurses were employed by the public sector in More nurses were employed by the public sector in Gaza Strip (68%) than in the West Bank (40.3%). Gaza Strip (68%) than in the West Bank (40.3%).

The local and International NGOs employed about The local and International NGOs employed about 45.2% of the nursing population in the WB and 9.8% 45.2% of the nursing population in the WB and 9.8% in GS. in GS.

This can be attributed to the fact that the NGOs health This can be attributed to the fact that the NGOs health sector represents a large constituency in the WB than in sector represents a large constituency in the WB than in GS. The UNRWA employed 6.8% of the WB nursing GS. The UNRWA employed 6.8% of the WB nursing personnel and 16.9% of those in GS. personnel and 16.9% of those in GS.

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Statistics…contStatistics…cont This is related to the fact that there are This is related to the fact that there are

more refugees residing in Gaza Strip than more refugees residing in Gaza Strip than in the West Bank (MoH 2003). in the West Bank (MoH 2003).

Improving the working condition for Improving the working condition for nurses, especially for aged nurses. nurses, especially for aged nurses.

Increased allowances, salaries, full Increased allowances, salaries, full overtime payment, active association and overtime payment, active association and professional body to put the legislation and professional body to put the legislation and control of nursing professioncontrol of nursing profession. .

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Statistics…contStatistics…cont In addition of effort undertaken in the last few In addition of effort undertaken in the last few

years to improve nursing profession, there are years to improve nursing profession, there are still many problems and challenges. still many problems and challenges.

These include shortage of nursing and These include shortage of nursing and midwives, absence of standards for nursing and midwives, absence of standards for nursing and midwifery practice, lack of nursing regulatory midwifery practice, lack of nursing regulatory system. system.

Nursing research is another issues needs Nursing research is another issues needs development and support, establishing nursing development and support, establishing nursing information database for nursing personnel in information database for nursing personnel in Palestine.Palestine.

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In a recent speech the present President of In a recent speech the present President of International Council of Nursing (ICN), Dr Margarita International Council of Nursing (ICN), Dr Margarita Styles summed up today's challenge for nursing. Styles summed up today's challenge for nursing.

It is to build a profession that can realize the potential It is to build a profession that can realize the potential of nursing that comes from a vision based on a moral of nursing that comes from a vision based on a moral passion for the health of people and the belief that passion for the health of people and the belief that nurses are essential members of society. nurses are essential members of society.

At the same time, if nursing is to fulfill its social At the same time, if nursing is to fulfill its social obligations, it must become firmly rooted in a rock obligations, it must become firmly rooted in a rock solid foundation of high standards of education and solid foundation of high standards of education and practice; demonstrate political skills in working with practice; demonstrate political skills in working with others for effective health policy and planning show others for effective health policy and planning show economic sense in allocation and utilization of economic sense in allocation and utilization of resources; and create a strong solidarity amongst resources; and create a strong solidarity amongst nurses.nurses.

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Historical Overview of Nursing in Historical Overview of Nursing in PalestinePalestine..

Nursing has passed through four Nursing has passed through four historical eras: historical eras:

The Turkish rule. The Turkish rule. The British Mandate. The British Mandate. Jordanians control over the West Jordanians control over the West

Bank and the Egyptian control over Bank and the Egyptian control over Gaza. Gaza.

The Israeli occupation of the West The Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Bank and Gaza Strip.

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The Turkish Era (1517-1917).The Turkish Era (1517-1917). In this period of time which lasted about In this period of time which lasted about

400 years left all Arab countries including 400 years left all Arab countries including Palestine in total darkness and regression. Palestine in total darkness and regression. Then Christian commission started Then Christian commission started spreading out in Palestine building clinics.spreading out in Palestine building clinics.

The health services were poor and The health services were poor and primitive. primitive.

Herbs and popular medicine were Herbs and popular medicine were generally used for treating diseases. generally used for treating diseases.

In this period nurses were trained by In this period nurses were trained by physicians who work in the hospitals.physicians who work in the hospitals.

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The British Mandate (1921-1948).The British Mandate (1921-1948). In this era, people continued to suffer from poverty, In this era, people continued to suffer from poverty,

ignorance and sickness because primitive agriculture ignorance and sickness because primitive agriculture was the main source of living except in big cities. was the main source of living except in big cities.

In 1925 in Jerusalem, the only children hospital was In 1925 in Jerusalem, the only children hospital was established which served East Jerusalem and the West established which served East Jerusalem and the West Bank. Bank.

In this hospital, a nurse training program was started In this hospital, a nurse training program was started for those wished to avail themselves children services. for those wished to avail themselves children services.

Either during this period some hospitals were Either during this period some hospitals were established in major cities in Palestine one of which established in major cities in Palestine one of which was the government general hospital in Jaffa city in was the government general hospital in Jaffa city in which British nurses taught Arab girls nursing for which British nurses taught Arab girls nursing for three years those girls who study nursing where mainly three years those girls who study nursing where mainly from well known Christian families from major cities.from well known Christian families from major cities.

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The British Mandate…contThe British Mandate…cont

The graduates of this program were offered certificates The graduates of this program were offered certificates from (the diploma of health government of Palestine).from (the diploma of health government of Palestine).

Also the British government hospital in Jerusalem Also the British government hospital in Jerusalem city- which is called after that Al-Hussein hospital city- which is called after that Al-Hussein hospital sincs1957- had nursing school which offered three sincs1957- had nursing school which offered three years training program for nurses till 1948 and it was years training program for nurses till 1948 and it was closed because of the second war for a while. closed because of the second war for a while.

After the war the nursing students has to continue their After the war the nursing students has to continue their studies in the Swedish hospital, (mental health studies in the Swedish hospital, (mental health hospital) and from 1948-1953 the ministry of health of hospital) and from 1948-1953 the ministry of health of Jordan granted the certificates, the total of graduated Jordan granted the certificates, the total of graduated nurses are 52 nurses. (Shahin1994)nurses are 52 nurses. (Shahin1994)

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Jordanian Control over West Jordanian Control over West Bank and Egyptian Control over Bank and Egyptian Control over

Gaza EraGaza Era

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Augusta Victoria School NursingAugusta Victoria School Nursing

1951 on jabal Ezytoon in Jerusalem under 1951 on jabal Ezytoon in Jerusalem under the supervision of (UNRWA) and the supervision of (UNRWA) and Lutheran world federation British Lutheran world federation British curriculum until 1969 then the Jordanian curriculum until 1969 then the Jordanian curriculum (practical and diploma degree) curriculum (practical and diploma degree) the program were accredited in occupation the program were accredited in occupation as well in Jordan.as well in Jordan.

Saint John School for Practical Nurse Saint John School for Practical Nurse 1960. 1960.

Offers a practical nurse certificatesOffers a practical nurse certificates

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Saint Luke’s School for Practical Nurse Saint Luke’s School for Practical Nurse 19651965

The course should continue in 18 months The course should continue in 18 months and the ministry of health in Jordan and the ministry of health in Jordan recognized the curriculum.recognized the curriculum.

In Gs the situation was different some In Gs the situation was different some how.how.

In the early fifties the Christian In the early fifties the Christian Missionary society started on the job of Missionary society started on the job of training programs were several girls from training programs were several girls from the sixth elementary school were trained the sixth elementary school were trained in the British hospital now called (Al- in the British hospital now called (Al- Ahli- Arabi Hospital).Ahli- Arabi Hospital).

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Practical School of Nursing in Gaza Practical School of Nursing in Gaza (shifa) (shifa) 1963.1963.

Hospital’ the student should continue a Hospital’ the student should continue a course of six months to complete the course of six months to complete the shortage of nursing needs. shortage of nursing needs.

Teachers were doctors and nurses from Teachers were doctors and nurses from European countries, after that the program European countries, after that the program developed to 18 months recognized by the developed to 18 months recognized by the occupation government the school closed occupation government the school closed on 1990. on 1990.

Midwifery programs were established Midwifery programs were established after that until the (PNA) anotherafter that until the (PNA) another programs started. programs started.

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The Baptist Nursing School Gaza The Baptist Nursing School Gaza 19651965

Established and the students should continued Established and the students should continued three years training with a degree diploma of three years training with a degree diploma of nursing accredited by the occupation nursing accredited by the occupation government until 1984. After that the student government until 1984. After that the student started to examine by the occupation started to examine by the occupation government to be licensed. government to be licensed.

In this era the number of nurses in both (WB-In this era the number of nurses in both (WB-GS) was limited. So the UNRWA with the GS) was limited. So the UNRWA with the Baptist school administration brought nurses Baptist school administration brought nurses from Egypt and Lebanon since a limited from Egypt and Lebanon since a limited number of girls from Gaza were allowed to number of girls from Gaza were allowed to continue their education.continue their education.

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The Baptist Nursing School 1965…contThe Baptist Nursing School 1965…cont

The enrollments of male nursing students The enrollments of male nursing students and already male practicing nurses have and already male practicing nurses have further affection on the recruitment of further affection on the recruitment of female nurses.female nurses.

The main event on this era was initiation The main event on this era was initiation of the Palestinian nursing association of the Palestinian nursing association (PNA) in 1956 in Jerusalem. (PNA) in 1956 in Jerusalem.

In some years (PNA) by the staff nurse In some years (PNA) by the staff nurse Betty Najaj obtained membership of Betty Najaj obtained membership of international council for nursing in international council for nursing in England (Shahin 1994).England (Shahin 1994).

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Israeli occupied (Israeli occupied (West Bank-Gaza StripWest Bank-Gaza Strip) ) 1967-1994.1967-1994.

In this era there are several factors affected nursing. In this era there are several factors affected nursing. Some of these factors were either external to the Some of these factors were either external to the profession as the political situation in the region or profession as the political situation in the region or internal factors to the nursing profession as low salary internal factors to the nursing profession as low salary poor promotion and limited continuing education poor promotion and limited continuing education opportunities. opportunities.

All health services institutions run by the Jordanian All health services institutions run by the Jordanian and Egyptian governments were taken over by the and Egyptian governments were taken over by the Israeli government as a result of Israeli occupation in Israeli government as a result of Israeli occupation in June 5th 1967.June 5th 1967.

Many highly populated refugee camps were created Many highly populated refugee camps were created and suffered from the complex health and social and suffered from the complex health and social problems, which needed to be taken care of. problems, which needed to be taken care of.

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Israeli occupied (Israeli occupied (West Bank-Gaza StripWest Bank-Gaza Strip)…cont)…cont

As result of political and economical situations As result of political and economical situations in the region, the number of nurses affected so in the region, the number of nurses affected so many nurses left the country to work in the Arab many nurses left the country to work in the Arab Golf countries. Golf countries.

The outbreak of Intifada in 1987 Furthermore The outbreak of Intifada in 1987 Furthermore the economy weakened by strikes, curfews and the economy weakened by strikes, curfews and restrictions imposed by the Israeli Authorities restrictions imposed by the Israeli Authorities indirectly affected the nursing profession. indirectly affected the nursing profession. Several practical nursing schools were Several practical nursing schools were established to cover the needs for nurses or to established to cover the needs for nurses or to make money by attracting third secondary make money by attracting third secondary schools (Tawjihi). schools (Tawjihi).

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Caritas School of NursingCaritas School of Nursing

In Bethlehem in 1969 it recruited In Bethlehem in 1969 it recruited girls who were already working as girls who were already working as nurses in “Caritas Baby Hospital” nurses in “Caritas Baby Hospital” to overcome the shortage in to overcome the shortage in nurses. In 1980, the school nurses. In 1980, the school adapted an 18 months practical adapted an 18 months practical program and 6 months specialized program and 6 months specialized in pediatric nursing (Shahin 1994).in pediatric nursing (Shahin 1994).

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Makassed Islamic Charitable Makassed Islamic Charitable HospitalHospital

School of nursing (Jerusalem) 1971 Until School of nursing (Jerusalem) 1971 Until 1975 females only accepted in the school 1975 females only accepted in the school programs for 18 months training after that programs for 18 months training after that male students were accepted, and then male students were accepted, and then closed in 1989 due to thinking 3 years closed in 1989 due to thinking 3 years diploma, but because of Intifada, the diploma, but because of Intifada, the course did not started, and then the course did not started, and then the previous course restarted in 1990. previous course restarted in 1990.

Post-graduated midwifery diploma and Post-graduated midwifery diploma and intensive nursing is provided.intensive nursing is provided.

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Ibn Sina College for Registered NursesIbn Sina College for Registered Nurses

1971, It has 3 branches, one in 1971, It has 3 branches, one in Ram Allah city for female Ram Allah city for female students, the second in students, the second in Bethlehem city for male Bethlehem city for male students (1990) and the third students (1990) and the third one is in Nablus for midwives one is in Nablus for midwives diploma. diploma.

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Al Itihad School Nursing in Nablus Al Itihad School Nursing in Nablus 19751975

18 months course Nursing 18 months course Nursing College at Bethlehem College at Bethlehem University 1976 it offers University 1976 it offers Bsn degree and many post-Bsn degree and many post-graduated programs in graduated programs in midwifery and clinical midwifery and clinical instructors (Shahin 1994). instructors (Shahin 1994).

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The Qualified School of Nursing in Gaza 1976The Qualified School of Nursing in Gaza 1976

The school recognized the nursing The school recognized the nursing division Ministry of Israeli Health since division Ministry of Israeli Health since it’s beginning the course was for 3 years it’s beginning the course was for 3 years diploma. Doctors were sharing in teaching diploma. Doctors were sharing in teaching this course. this course.

The nurse’s teachers in this school The nurse’s teachers in this school upgraded themselves to BSc at Al-Quds upgraded themselves to BSc at Al-Quds University and they start to learn most of University and they start to learn most of subjects. subjects.

In 1997, BSc degree started to hold and In 1997, BSc degree started to hold and the name changes to “Palestinian College the name changes to “Palestinian College of Nursing”. of Nursing”.

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School of Nursing at the Arab CollegeSchool of Nursing at the Arab College

Medical profession of Al-Quds Medical profession of Al-Quds University 1979 Al Bereh. It plays University 1979 Al Bereh. It plays a major role in developing nursing a major role in developing nursing profession in Palestine by profession in Palestine by qualifying RN to Bsn in both (WB qualifying RN to Bsn in both (WB and GS). In 1992, post graduated and GS). In 1992, post graduated diploma in nursing management diploma in nursing management and others programs. and others programs.

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College of Nursing at Islamic University College of Nursing at Islamic University Gaza (IUG) 1992Gaza (IUG) 1992

The students graduated with BSc degree tow The students graduated with BSc degree tow courses of upgrading from RN to BSc in 1995 courses of upgrading from RN to BSc in 1995 and 1998. Palestinian National Authority and 1998. Palestinian National Authority (PNA) 1994 until now(PNA) 1994 until now

In this period of time start noticed improvement In this period of time start noticed improvement were made immediately the PNA assumed the were made immediately the PNA assumed the responsibility for the health sector. responsibility for the health sector.

Nursing received a strong support item of both Nursing received a strong support item of both human resources development and institution human resources development and institution building tow departments were established in building tow departments were established in both Gaza and Nablus in order to develop both Gaza and Nablus in order to develop nursing practice and training. (Shahin 1994).nursing practice and training. (Shahin 1994).

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1.1. Nursing syndicate in Gaza Strip.Nursing syndicate in Gaza Strip.

2.2. Public image about nursing in Gaza Strip.Public image about nursing in Gaza Strip.

3.3. Patient nurse ratio in Gaza hospitals.Patient nurse ratio in Gaza hospitals.

4.4. Medical errors.Medical errors.

5.5. Nursing documentation in Gaza strip hospitals.Nursing documentation in Gaza strip hospitals.

6.6. Work load and it’s affect on the quality of nursing services in Work load and it’s affect on the quality of nursing services in Gaza Strip.Gaza Strip.

7.7. Nursing theory tow theories at least.Nursing theory tow theories at least.

8.8. Chances to be employed in in Gaza Strip.Chances to be employed in in Gaza Strip.

9.9. Nursing in Islam.Nursing in Islam.

10.10. Nosocomial infection, Control infection protocol, and health Nosocomial infection, Control infection protocol, and health waste.waste.

11.11. Communication (patient nurse) in Gaza Strip.Communication (patient nurse) in Gaza Strip.

12.12. Job description.Job description.

13.13. Patient exposure in Gaza Strip. Patient exposure in Gaza Strip.

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Thank you Thank you

Abu Al HassanAbu Al Hassan