ASA

Islamic products and services offered by 400+ Financial Institutions around the world

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United States: 20 - Al Manzil Financial Services - American Finance House - Failaka Investments - HSBC - Ameen Housing Cooperative

Germany:4 - Bank Sepah - Commerz Bank - Deutsche Bank

Switzerland: 6

UK: 26 - HSBC Amanah Finance - Al Baraka International Ltd - Takafol UK Ltd - The Halal Mutual Investment Company - J Aron & Co Ltd (Goldman Sachs)

Bahrain: 26 - Bahrain Islamic Bank - Al Baraka - ABC Islamic Bank - CitiIslamic Investment Bank

Malaysia: 49 2 - Pure Islamic Banks (Bank Islam, Bank Muamalat) Rest - conventional banks

Saudi Arabia: 17 - Al Rajhi - SAMBA - Saudi Hollandi - Riyadh Bank

UAE: 13 - Dubai Islamic Bank - Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank - HSBC Amanah

Qatar: 4 - Qatar Islamic Bank - Qatar International Islamic

Kuwait: 9 - Kuwait Finance House

Iran: 8

Egypt: 12 - Alwatany Bank of Egypt - Egyptian Saudi Finance

Indonesia: 4

Sudan: 9

Pakistan: 21 India: 3 Bangladesh:9

Turkey: 7 - Faisal Finance Institution - Ihlas Finance House

Yemen: 5

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International Overview

• The size of Islamic Financial Industry has reached US$ 800 Bln. and its

growing annually @ 15% per Anum.

• 71 countries have Islamic Banking Institutions

• 37 Muslim countries including Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, UAE, Saudi Arabia,

Malaysia, Brunei and Pakistan

• 34 non-Muslim countries including USA, UK, Canada, Switzerland, South

Africa and Australia

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International Overview

Leading foreign Banks have opened Islamic Banking

windows or subsidiaries such as:

• Standard Chartered Bank

• Citibank

• HSBC

• ABN AMRO

• UBS

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International Overview

• In Feb 1999, Dow Jones introduced the Dow Jones Islamic

Market Index (DJIM) of 600 companies world wide whose

business complies with Islamic Shariah laws

• At present there are more than 105 Islamic Funds operational

through out the world with a total fund base of over USD 8.50

billion

ASA

International Overview

• Governments of many Islamic countries have issued Islamic

Bonds (Sukuk) in order to facilitate Islamic Banks in managing

their liquidity.

• Issuance of these bonds has also paved the way for Shariah

compliant Government borrowings

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International Overview

• Institutions like Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial

Institutions (AAOIFI) and Islamic Finance Services Board (IFSB) have been

formed.

• These institutions are playing a key role in setting up and standardizing

Shariah , Financial and Accounting standards for Islamic Financial

Institutions.

• Due to these collective efforts Islamic banking is now recognized by IMF,

World Bank and Basel Committee.

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Islamic Banking

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Important Elements of Islamic Economics

• Bai ( Sale & Purchase )

• Ijarah ( Islamic Leasing )

• Basic Mode of Financing ( Musharkah & Modarabah)

• Takaful ( Islamic Insurance )

• Sukuk ( Islamic Bonds )

• Qard

• Zakat & Ushar

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PRODUCT TREE

Islamic Modes

Trade Based

Modes

Partnership Based

Modes

Rental Based

Modes

Musharaka

Mudaraba

Murabaha

Musawama

Salam

Istisna

Ijarah

Diminishing

Musharaka

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Musharakah

• Characteristics

– All parties share in the capital

– All parties share profits as well as losses

– Profits are distributed as per agreed ratio

– Loss is borne by the parties as per capital ratio

– Every partner is agent of other

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MUSHARAKAH

PARTNER A PARTNER B VENTURE

Rs.1000 Rs.1000

PROFIT

Rs. 100

LOSS

Rs.100

Rs. 60 Rs. 40

Rs. 50 Rs. 50

May be in any agreed ratio

Must be according to capital ratio ASA

Mudarabah

• One partner (Rab al Mal) contributes capital and the other (Mudarib) contributes his skills or services to the venture

• Venture may for a fixed period or purpose

• Both share profit in pre-agreed ratio

• Loss is borne by Rab al Mal only, Mudarib loses his services

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MUDARABAH

RABBUL MAL MUDARIB VENTURE

SERVICES CAPITAL

PROFIT

LOSS

40 % 60 %

ALL MONETORY LOSS LOSS OF SERVICES

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Bai (Buying & Selling)

Bai Buying & Selling

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Basic Rules of Bai

• Existence of Product/Commodity • Ownership of Product/Commodity

• Possession of Product/Commodity • Unconditional basis

• Product have value/Price.

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Basic Rules of Bai

• Bai on Such product which is permissible in Islam.

• Product Must be Identify, clear with all demanding Qualities.

• Not based on any incident, struggle etc

• Price must be clearly identified.

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Kinds of Bai

• Bai Musawamah

• Bai Murabaha

• Bai Surf

• Bai Salam

• Bai Istisna’

• Bai Urboon

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Basic Kinds of Bai

• Bai Eenna

• Bai Touliya

• Bai Wadhia

• Bai Tawaruq

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Type of Bai according to Quality

• Bai Salah

• Bai Fasid

• Bai Batil

• Bai Maqoof

• Bai Majool

• Bai Muqayaddah

• Bai Mu’ajal

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Introduction

“Takaful” is the Sharia Compliant brand name for

the Islamic alternative to conventional insurance. Its based on the principle of Ta’awan or mutual assistance. It provides mutual protection and joint risk sharing in the event of a loss by one of its member

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Origins of Takaful

In the event of death caused by someone from another tribe, the member of the offender’s tribe would share the “ blood money” (Feediah) to provide for the family of the victim.

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Why Insurance ?

Is Some thing wrong with Concept ?

• Risk Aversion

• Assuring others

• Risk sharing

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From the Holly Quran

• The need for insurance is shown in the following verse of The Quran.

“ Those of you who die and leave widows should bequeath for their widows a year’s maintenance and residence” (2.240)

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From the Hadiths

• By Anas-bin-Malik, One day Prophet Muhammad(PBUH) notced a bedouin leaving his Camel without tying it. He asked the bedouin, “Why don’t you tie down your camel”? The Bedouin answered, “ I put my trust in Allah (SWT)”. The Prophet (PBUH) then said,” Tie your camel first, then put your trust in Allah(SWT)” <Tirmidhi>

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What wrong with practice ?

The contract between the insurer & the insured is technically wrong from the sharia perspective because of

• Gharar (Uncertainty))

• Gambling (Qamar & Maisir)

• Interest (Riba)

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Riba in Insurance

• Direct Riba

Excess on one side in case of exchange between the amount of premium.

• Indirect Riba

The interest earned on interest based investments

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Gharar

• Lexically it means uncertainty and technically it means the uncertainty of the counteract or the subject matter.

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Different Models of Takaful

• Pure Mudarabah Model : The participants and operator enter into modarabah Contract.

• Wakalah Model : An Agency Agreement is made between participants and Operators on the basis of Wakalah ( Agency agreements)

• Wakalah Based on Waqf Model : The participant's donate the fund and operator charge an agency fee.

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Investment Income

Operational Cost of Takaful

/ ReTakaful

Claims & Reserves

Surplus

(Balance)

P A R T I C I P A N T S’ T A K A F U L F U N D (P.T.F.)

Mudarib’s Share of PTF’s

Investment Income

Wakalah

Fee

Investmen

t Income

Management Expense of

the Company

Profit/Loss

S H A R E H O L D E R S’ F U N D (S.H.F.)

Participant

WAQF

Takaful

Operator

Share Holder

Wakala-Waqf Model

Investment by the Company

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Shariah Compliance

• Shariah compliance is an essential element in Takaful .

• It is ensured through a Shariah Supervisory/ Advisory Board at the level of each Takaful company.

• The role of the Shariah Board is vital in meeting the specific demand of a public who would not insure otherwise.

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General Takaful Types

• General Takaful – offers all kinds of non-life risk coverage. It is normally divided into following classes:

– Property Takaful

– Marine Takaful

– Motor Takaful

– Miscellaneous Takaful

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Types of Family Takaful

• Term Life Takaful

• Whole Life Takaful

• Endowment Takaful

• Universal Takaful

• Marriage Plan

• Education Plan

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BANCATAKAFUL

• Background

• Range of Products

• Savings → Personal Accident, Homeowners’ Comprehensive, Credit Cards, etc.

• Financing, Individuals → Car Ijarah, Housing Musharika, Mortgage Takaful.

• Financing, SMEs → Trade Credit Takaful, Business, Office, Equipment, Assets.

• E-Commerce ASA

BANCATAKAFUL (…Cont’d.)

Advantages of BancaTakaful:

• Facilitation Desk / Equipment.

• Fast Turnaround Time.

• One-Stop shop for Clients.

• Concept of Islamic Financial Supermarket.

• Value Added Services.

• Law of Large Numbers.

»Lower Contribution Rates.

»Attraction for Depositors. ASA

ReTakaful

• Currently few ReTakaful companies worldwide offering a relatively small capacity: – Sudan (1979) National Reinsurance.

– Sudan (1983) Sheikhan Takaful Company.

– Bahamas (1983) Saudi Islamic Takaful and ReTakaful Company.

– Bahrain/Saudi Arabia (1985) Islamic Insurance and Reinsurance Company.

– Tunisia (1985) B.E.S.T. Re

– Malaysia (1997) ASEAN ReTakaful International.

– Dubai (2005) TakafulRe by ARIG.

– Lloyds of London to have a ReTakaful Syndicate in 2007.

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Takaful Pioneers

• Takaful started some 27 years ago in the Middle East with the launching of two companies:

– The Islamic Arab Insurance Co. (IAIC) in the UAE and

– The Islamic Insurance Co. of Sudan

• But it took some time for the movement to take shape.

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Takaful Pioneers

• Later in 1984, Malaysia played a pioneering role in setting the first Legal framework specific to Takaful (Takaful Act).

• This was instrumental in the successful launching of the Takaful movement in Malaysia and in other countries of South East Asia.

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Takaful Operators

• The number of Takaful operators worldwide is now estimated at:

• 108 Takaful companies

• 6 Retakaful companies

• In 35 Countries.

• Average growth rate higher than conventional insurance companies (around 25%).

• Non–Muslims increasingly opting for Takaful products for commercial benefits.

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Takaful Premium

• Takaful is one of the fastest growing segments in insurance (at around 20% pa. on average)

• World Takaful contributions are conservatively estimated at around US$ 3billions, of which: – 60% General Takaful

– 40% Family Takaful

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Takaful Geographical Spread

• South& East Asia : 56%

• Middle East : 36%

• Africa: 7%

• Europe, USA & Others: 1%

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TAKAFUL - TARGET MARKET

• People who do not insure due to religious reasons.

• People who insure and are insensitive to religious reasons.

• People who currently do not insure at all.

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Main Markets

• Malaysia

• Indonesia

• Iran

• GCC countries

• Other Arab countries

• Other Asia Pacific

• Pakistan ( Emerging Market )

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Challenges

• Business Model Dilemma

• Could create an uneven / unfair business environment to operate

• Need to reach a consensus internationally on a common and standard Takaful business model

• Poor Insurance penetration in the Muslim countries (<1% of GDP).

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Takaful Best Practices

• Regional Takaful institutions and organisations need to come together internationally in order to promote and standardise best practices within the industry:

– Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB)

– ASEAN Takaful Group (ATG)

– International Takaful Association (ITA)

– Accounting and Auditing Organization of Islamic Financial institutions (AAOIFI)

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Growth Outlook

• World Muslim population is estimated at 1.5 billions, of which around 97% are based in Asia and Africa.

• A two-digit growth in the range of 15% to 20% can be reasonably sustained for at least the next 10 years in the existing markets (Far and Middle East).

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Takaful Prospects in Pakistan

• 97% Muslim population.

• Demand for insurance increasing with increase in per capita income.

• Personal lines insurance business (leasing, health, Medicare) growing at a higher rate than other conventional classes.

• Islamic banking on sound footing with support of the Govt.

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Takaful Products

Trade Based

Modes

Partnership Based

Modes

Rental Based

Modes

Musharaka

Mudaraba

Murabaha

Musawama

Salam

Istisna

Ijarah

Diminishing

Musharaka

ASA

Thank You.

ASA