IslamIslam

Islam = a state of peace achieved through surrender to God/Allah.

Muslim = one who has achieved this state.

Islam = a state of peace achieved through surrender to God/Allah.

Muslim = one who has achieved this state.

Qur’anQur’an

Qur’an = Quran = Koran Muslim Scripture Last and complete revelation of God’s will. Words of God dictated to Muhammad by an

angel. Any translation is no longer “Koran” 114 chapters (surahs)

Qur’an = Quran = Koran Muslim Scripture Last and complete revelation of God’s will. Words of God dictated to Muhammad by an

angel. Any translation is no longer “Koran” 114 chapters (surahs)

OriginsOrigins

Muslims believe Islam has always existed, that God has provided a true path for humans since the beginning of time.

There has never been a people who did not have a prophet who spoke to them in their own language.

Muslims believe Islam has always existed, that God has provided a true path for humans since the beginning of time.

There has never been a people who did not have a prophet who spoke to them in their own language.

Pre-Islamic ArabiaPre-Islamic Arabia

Bedouin Arabs, nomadic tribes Animists: believed in a number of spirits,

powers and demons. Spirits associated with rocks, trees, springs especially important.

The Kaaba was already an important religious focal point. Many clans had different shrines to their own gods in Mecca.

Bedouin Arabs, nomadic tribes Animists: believed in a number of spirits,

powers and demons. Spirits associated with rocks, trees, springs especially important.

The Kaaba was already an important religious focal point. Many clans had different shrines to their own gods in Mecca.

Transition to MonotheismTransition to Monotheism

Influence from Semitic peoples introducing deities associated with heavenly bodies.

Allah was a superior deity, but with vague function.

Arabs already practiced many “Islamic” traditions and duties.

Influence from Semitic peoples introducing deities associated with heavenly bodies.

Allah was a superior deity, but with vague function.

Arabs already practiced many “Islamic” traditions and duties.

Prophets(rasul)

Prophets(rasul)

Abraham: epitomized condition of obedience to the divine will.

Moses, David, Jesus: especially sacred because of revelations of the divine in texts associated with them.

Muhammad: functioned to renew and restore guidance given by those before him.

Abraham: epitomized condition of obedience to the divine will.

Moses, David, Jesus: especially sacred because of revelations of the divine in texts associated with them.

Muhammad: functioned to renew and restore guidance given by those before him.

Muhammad the ManMuhammad the Man

Born circa 570-580 CE Member of Quraysh tribe Merchant known for integrity and justice Married to Khadijah, with no sons Moved to Medina in 622 CE to help resolve

issues between tribes Died 632 CE

Born circa 570-580 CE Member of Quraysh tribe Merchant known for integrity and justice Married to Khadijah, with no sons Moved to Medina in 622 CE to help resolve

issues between tribes Died 632 CE

Muhammed the ProphetMuhammed the Prophet

At age 40 (610 CE) began to receive verses of the Quran in a cave above Mecca.

Continued “receiving” the Quran over the course of 22 years.

623 CE entered Mecca and returned Kaaba to the worship of one God

At time of his death, Islam provided unity to tribes of Arabs that had traditionally fought.

At age 40 (610 CE) began to receive verses of the Quran in a cave above Mecca.

Continued “receiving” the Quran over the course of 22 years.

623 CE entered Mecca and returned Kaaba to the worship of one God

At time of his death, Islam provided unity to tribes of Arabs that had traditionally fought.

Kaaba/MeccaKaaba/Mecca

Muslims believe the Kaaba is a stone placed on its site (in Mecca) by Abraham as an altar to worship God.

Muslims believe the Kaaba is a stone placed on its site (in Mecca) by Abraham as an altar to worship God.

Expansion of IslamExpansion of Islam

First 4 CaliphsFirst 4 Caliphs

A successor or representative.

Abu Bakr Umar ibn ulKhattab Uthman Ali ibn Abi Talib

A successor or representative.

Abu Bakr Umar ibn ulKhattab Uthman Ali ibn Abi Talib

Sunni’ismSunni’ism

Largest group within Islam Majority of Islamic populations in most

nations except Iraq and Iran Historically, acknowledged first four

caliphs as leaders of Muslim community “sunna” = “the path”

Refers to exemplary practices, customs, and traditions of Muhammed written in the Hadith.

Largest group within Islam Majority of Islamic populations in most

nations except Iraq and Iran Historically, acknowledged first four

caliphs as leaders of Muslim community “sunna” = “the path”

Refers to exemplary practices, customs, and traditions of Muhammed written in the Hadith.

Shi’ism“Part of Ali”

Shi’ism“Part of Ali”

Historically, recognized Ali, son-in-law of Muhammad, and Imams as the legitimate leaders of Muslim community

Imams = Muhammad’s direct family members and descendents

Today led by ayatollahs who represent the Imams

Druze and Bahai were Shi’a, are now independent

Historically, recognized Ali, son-in-law of Muhammad, and Imams as the legitimate leaders of Muslim community

Imams = Muhammad’s direct family members and descendents

Today led by ayatollahs who represent the Imams

Druze and Bahai were Shi’a, are now independent

Iraq Ethnic and Religious GroupsIraq Ethnic and Religious Groups

Sunni groups largely in the North.

Shi’a groups largely in the South.

Within their religion, Shi’a reject the idea of leadership by election, believe in divine right of leadership.

Sunni groups largely in the North.

Shi’a groups largely in the South.

Within their religion, Shi’a reject the idea of leadership by election, believe in divine right of leadership.

Islamic LawIslamic Law

Fiqh = human efforts to understand and translate will of God into rules.

Shariah = the pathway in which people should walk to please God.

Religion provides guidance for life above all else.

i.e. Right ways of acting.

Fiqh = human efforts to understand and translate will of God into rules.

Shariah = the pathway in which people should walk to please God.

Religion provides guidance for life above all else.

i.e. Right ways of acting.

Shariah, All human action:Shariah, All human action:

Fard: obligatory Mandub: recommended Mubah: neutral, neither good nor bad Makruh: subject to punishment Haram: forbidden

Duties owed to both God and people.

Fard: obligatory Mandub: recommended Mubah: neutral, neither good nor bad Makruh: subject to punishment Haram: forbidden

Duties owed to both God and people.

5 Pillars5 Pillars

1. Confession of Faith

2. Worship

3. Wealth Sharing

4. Fasting

5. Pilgrimage

1. Confession of Faith

2. Worship

3. Wealth Sharing

4. Fasting

5. Pilgrimage

ShahadahShahadah

Declaration of faith “There is no God but Allah, and

Muhammad is his prophet.”

Declaration of faith “There is no God but Allah, and

Muhammad is his prophet.”

SalatSalat

Worship Formalized prayer Recited 5 times a day at given intervals Done facing Kaaba (Mecca) Preceded by ablutions

Worship Formalized prayer Recited 5 times a day at given intervals Done facing Kaaba (Mecca) Preceded by ablutions

ZakatZakat

“sweetening” Wealth sharing All wealth belongs to God Moral considerations in wealth gathering Institutionalized charity:

Levy, not just a recommended tithe or voluntary donation.

“sweetening” Wealth sharing All wealth belongs to God Moral considerations in wealth gathering Institutionalized charity:

Levy, not just a recommended tithe or voluntary donation.

SiyamSiyam

Fasting Ritual from dawn to sunset during month of

Ramadan (9th month of lunar year according to Muslim calendar)

Time for spiritual stock-taking Self discipline

Fasting Ritual from dawn to sunset during month of

Ramadan (9th month of lunar year according to Muslim calendar)

Time for spiritual stock-taking Self discipline

HajjHajj

Pilgrimage Only a duty for those who have the wealth,

have paid the Zakat, an can provide for their dependents during absence.

Journey to Mecca to worship, meet the Creator, and pay respects to the Prophet.

Pilgrimage Only a duty for those who have the wealth,

have paid the Zakat, an can provide for their dependents during absence.

Journey to Mecca to worship, meet the Creator, and pay respects to the Prophet.

Understanding OsamaUnderstanding Osama

The four primary ethnic groups in Afghanistan are the Pashtuns, the Hazara, the Uzbeks, and the Tajiks. The Pashtuns are Sunni Muslims.

The four primary ethnic groups in Afghanistan are the Pashtuns, the Hazara, the Uzbeks, and the Tajiks. The Pashtuns are Sunni Muslims.

Do This:Do This:

Write an essay comparing “Male and Female in Islamic Perspective” (Eastman pp. 435-444) with the gender relationships portrayed in Osama. What similarities and differences do you see between Islamic philosophy and Taliban rule?

Write an essay comparing “Male and Female in Islamic Perspective” (Eastman pp. 435-444) with the gender relationships portrayed in Osama. What similarities and differences do you see between Islamic philosophy and Taliban rule?