Islam Empires
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Transcript of Islam Empires
Islamic Empires
Islam – remember from the last unit?
“submission to God’s will”
Muhammad is founder (c. 570 - 632 AD)
monotheistic, worship Allah
all are equal, despite race, color, socio-economic status (yes, women, too)
Quran (Koran) is the holy book
Mecca
Five Pillars
belief in Allah and his prophet Muhammad.
daily prayer - 5 times
pay alms
observe Ramadan (including fasting)
pilgrimage to Mecca - hajj
Islam Split: Sunni or Shi’ite (shee-ite?
Sunni
Majority of Islam
based on merit system
caliph is successor
Shi’ite
cousin and son-in-law of Mohammed, Ali starts this group
Imam
Differences?A lot of variations - especially as African, Asian and others adopted and mixed with their own.
tolerance for other religions for a period (whereas Christians were killing each other over minor differences, especially in the Middle Ages)
A few more things . . .
No idolatry, no images
mosques - no images of people, animals
no gambling, pork, alcohol
women isolated The Black Stone
The Black Stone
Islamic Art
Islamic Art 1tessellations
symbolize infinity
Alhambra in Spain (Moorish palace) inspired M.C. Escher
Islamic Art 2
complex star polygons
symbolism: abstract picture of the universe
Islamic Art 3
linear repeat patterns
border tessellations (to keep from going to infinity)
symbolize rhythm and time
Islamic Art 4
arabesques - stylized vegetation
symbolize organic earth
Islamic Art 5
calligraphy
shows word of God - most important
Which elements of Islamic Art can you identify in these?
Arab EmpireIslam united Arabs - empire began to expand (650 CE) into Persia and Turkey
not forced to convert
Expand to north Africa - Berbers
then to Spain (Moors)
by 725 CE, most of Spain is Muslim
Detail of Islamic Architecture at Alhambra
in Spain
Arab Empire (in green)
Arab Empire (cont)Turks pressure Byzantine Empire (1071 CE)
request for help from Europe
lead to the Crusades
1258 - Mongols sack Baghdad (lead by Genghis Khan)
Genghis Khan
Ottoman Empire1520 - 1604
1520 Suleyman the Magnificent, Ottoman Sultan
harem - sultan’s private residence
cannon, muskets, infantry
Took Constantinople (now Istanbul) and to Europe
minarets
Ottoman Empire at height
Safavid Empire: 1501 - 1723Persia
shah is in charge
patron of arts, Isfahan
silk, Persian carpets
Shi’ite Empire
Mughal Empire: India, 1504-1757tolerant, allowed Hinduism
Had gunpowder, artillery for warfare (made them powerful)
Founder: descendant of Genghis Khan
Taj Mahal built by Shah Jahan
1757 - sold India to British
Hindu/Muslim conflicts despite tolerance
Paintings - miniatures
Mughal Empire
Some Contributionsmath - the number zero (brought from India)
algebra developed
sailing technology, maps
Arabic - language important - Quran and poetry
irrigation canals, cisterns
tiles, metalwork, carpets
foods
architecture
To think about . . . Modern-day negative stereotypes: Muslim terrorist, Arab terrorists, Muslim/Arab are the same (they are not), kidnap western women, Arab as uncivilized or barbaric. Remember, stereotypes are untrue characteristics.
How does the media represent Arabs/Muslims? What kinds of stories are reported?
Foods - oranges, figs, cloves, ginger, pepper, saffron,
coffee, barley, limes, lemons, etc.
BibliographyAn Introduction to the Humanities
AWAIR
www.islamicity.org/Culture/Calligraphy/Calig3.htm
philae.sas.upenn.edu/Arabic/Arab1.gif
philae.sas.upenn.edu/Arabic/Arab19.gif
www.famu.edu/cas/histpol/eidahl/woh1012/Images/HammurabiCode.jpg
dar-us-salam.com/68pillars-islam.htm
search.corbis.com/default.asp?i=10134279&vID=1&rID=101
www.islamtz.org/
www.eyewire.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/View.woa/wa/viewProduct?cid=2&product=46594
Bibliography (cont)www.forum.swarthmore.edu/algebra/alg.lessons.html
www.islam.org/culture/MOSQUES/Makkah/SSPI.htm
www.burleyms.demon.co.uk/Ramadan.html
www.allwall.com/asp/sp-asp/_/NV--1_4_10/PD--10002070/SZ--3/1.asp
www.exploreturkey.com/pic_htms/toist088.htm
www.abc-overseas.com/
www.rugreview.com/orr.htm
sakkal.com/instrctn/Kufi01.html
www.dnai.com/~gui/awairproductinfo.html
www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/I_Transp/IO6_Shia.html
Bibliography (cont)csis.pace.edu/~cs552/wagenberg/Mughal_map.html
novaonline.nv.cc.va.us/eli/evans/HIS111/map.html
history.adm.binghamton.edu/hist130/maps/ottoman.htm
www.ucalgary.ca/HIST/tutor/islam/empires/safavid/abbas.html
edweb.cnidr.org/india/mughals.html
www.la-soccer.com/
www.studentambassadors.org/explore/china.htm
www.metmuseum.org/collections/department.asp?dep=14
www.aicpmultimedia.org/images/islamic_pictures/sayings-2/supplication.jpg
www.aicpmultimedia.org/images/islamic_pictures/sayings-3/aya-2.jpg