Islam A Brief Introduction. Some Initial Ideas slm or salaam Peace or Wholeness Submission...
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Transcript of Islam A Brief Introduction. Some Initial Ideas slm or salaam Peace or Wholeness Submission...
Some Initial Ideas
slm or salaam Peace or Wholeness Submission
Participial Form – Muslim – one who submits
Figures
1.2 million Muslims 56 countries Fastest growing
religion in the world
Only 20% of Muslims are Arab Most Arabs are
Muslim; most Muslims are not Arab
Largest Muslim population is in Indonesia
Muhammad
Born c.570 CE near Makkah
Father Abdullah Mother Amina Grandfather Abd-al-
Muttalib Uncle Abu-Talib
Major Life Events
Met Khadijah at 25
610 first of his revelations
619 Abu-Talib dies; marries Sawdah
Lailat ul-Miraj
Night of Ascents
Conversations with important figures in biblical history
Muslim rules for prayer revealed
More Life Events
Fled from Makkah to Yathrib in 622
Yathrib becomes Madinat or City of the Prophet
Madinat and Makkah at war for a number of years
Muhammad eventually rules both cities before his death in 632.
Caliphate
caliph = successor
Four Rightly Guided Caliphs Abu Bakr (632-634) Umar ibn al-Khattab (634-
644) Uthman ibn Affan (644-
656) Ali (656-661)
Questions of Succession
Ali Married to Fatima
(only surviving child of Muhammad and Khadijah)
Cousin of Muhammad Partisans who favored
him called Shiah
Once Ali was caliph Challenged by Aisha
(widow of Muhammad and daughter of Abu Bakr)
Mu’awiyah (Umayyad and governor of Syria)
Kharajites Umayyad Dynasty
661-750
Sunni and Shia(h)
85% Sunni Four Rightly Guided Political and Military
leadership key – not religious
15% Shiah Power grab by Sunni Direct descendents of
prophet’s family Not a prophet but still
inspired
Shiah
Zaydi or Fivers Zayd ibn Alia Yemen 893-1963
Isma’ili or Seveners Jafar al-Sadiq Agha Khan
Twelvers Muhammad al-Muntazar mujtahids
Current Agha Khan
Sufi
Tariqah – spiritual or interior path
Started as a reform movement
Feasting, poverty, celibacy, rhythmic chanting, breathing exercises, whirling dervish
Five Pillars of Islam
Basic Duties and Obligations of all Muslims
Explain the relationship between the believer and Allah
Number One: Shahadah There is no god but
Allah and Muhammad is his messenger
Public declaration before two witnesses
Number Two: Salah
Five times daily Fajr, zuhr, asr,
maghrib, isha
Wudu or ritual cleansing
No shoes Proper Dress Rakah Salat al-jama’ah
Number Three: Zakah
Purity
Charity
At the end of the year, if you have 85 grams of gold after expenses, you give at a rate of 2.5%
Number Four: Sawm or Fasting
During the month of Ramadan
No food, water, smoking or sex during daylight hours
Menstruating, pregnant, nursing women are exempt as are the sick, elderly, and young children
Those in military service or on a long journey are also exempt
Donate cost of meals if you cannot do the fast
Scripture
Qur’an means ‘recitation’ It was revealed to Muhammad over 23 yrs (610-622) by the angel Gabriel
Oral and fluid in his lifetime
The “Satanic Verses” were once heard, but later declared not right
More on the Qur’an
Zayd ibn Thabit Abu Bakr Uthman
114 surahs Verses are ayah/ayat
Tajwid – proper pronunciation
Tilawah – reading with all of your heart, soul, mind, strength
Hadith
Talk or speech Story or matn List of names or isnad
Hadith qudsi Divine revelations
Hadith sharif About Muhammad’s life
Provide the Sunnah or the foundation used to develop Shariah (Islamic legal system
Shariah
Four Sources Qur’an Hadith Qiyas (analytical
reasoning) Use analogies
Ijma (Consensus) Ulama or religious
scholars
Two Main Divisions Ibadat
Fundamental duties or obligations
Muamalat Contract, International,
Family Law. Social Duties.