SAINS

SAINSTINGKATAN 4

CONTENTSCHAPTER 1SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION- The Method of Scientific Investigation- Scientific Attitudes and Noble Values

CHAPTER 2BODY COORDINATION- Limb Coordination- The Human Nervous System- Nervous Coordination- The Rule of Strecth Receptors in Keeping the Balance and Body Coordination- The Human Brain- Chemical Coordination in the Body- Coordination Between the Nervous System and Endocrine System- Effects of Drug Abuse on Body Coordination & Health- Effects of Excessive Intake of Alcoholic Beverages on Body Coordination & Health

CHAPTER 3HEREDITY AND VARIATION- Cell Division- The Principles and Mechanisms of Inheritance- Sex Determination & Occurance of Twins- Mutation- The Effects of Genetic Research on Human Life- Variation- The Need to Adhere to the Code of Ethics in Genetic Research

CHAPTER 4MATTER AND SUBSTANCES-Changes of States of Matter- Atomic Structure- Proton Number & Nucleon- Classification of Elements in the Periodic Table- Properties of Substances based on Particles Present in Them- Metals & Non-metals- Methods of Purifying Substances- Application of the Method of Purification- Appreciating the Existence and Uses of Various Substances

CHAPTER 5ENERGY AND CHEMICAL CHANGES- Physical and Chemical Changes- Heat Changes in Chemical Reactions- The Reactivity Series of Metals- Application of the Reactivity Series of Metals- Electrolysis - The Production of Electrical Energy from chemical Reactions

CHAPTER 6NUCLEAR ENERGY- Radioactive Substances- Production and Uses of Nuclear Energy- Proper Handling of Radioactive Substances

CHAPTER 7LIGHT, COLOUR AND SIGHT- Formation of Images by Plane Mirrors & Lenses- Formation of Images by Optical Instruments - Dispersion of Light- Scattering of Light- Addition & Subtraction of Coloured Light- Appearance of Coloured Objects- The Effects of Mixing Pigments- The Importance of Colour in Daily Life

CHAPTER 8CHEMICALS IN INDUSTRY- Alloys & Their Uses- Ammonia Production and Consumption in The Industry- Industrial Waste Material Reoval Effect on the Environment- Importance of Environmental Preservation and Conservation