ISAM 7360FX System Description for FD 100_320Gbps NT and FX NT

Alcatel-Lucent 7302INTELLIGENT SERVICES ACCESS MANAGER

Alcatel-Lucent 7330INTELLIGENT SERVICES ACCESS MANAGER FIBER TO THE NODE

S Y S T E M D E S C R I P T I O N F O R F D 1 0 0 / 3 2 0 G B P S N T A N D F X N T

3HH-11651-BAAA-TQZZA Edition 03 Released

Alcatel-Lucent 7360INTELLIGENT SERVICES ACCESS MANAGER FX

RELEASE 4.6.02

Alcatel-Lucent ProprietaryThis document contains proprietary information of Alcatel-Lucent and is not to be disclosedor used except in accordance with applicable agreements.Copyright 2013 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

When printed by Alcatel-Lucent, this document is printed on recycled paper.

Alcatel-Lucent assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of the information presented, which is subject to change without notice. Alcatel, Lucent and the Alcatel-Lucent logo are registered trademarks of Alcatel-Lucent. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Copyright 2013 Alcatel-Lucent.All rights reserved.

Disclaimers

Alcatel-Lucent products are intended for commercial uses. Without the appropriate network design engineering, they must not be sold, licensed or otherwise distributed for use in any hazardous environments requiring fail-safe performance, such as in the operation of nuclear facilities, aircraft navigation or communication systems, air traffic control, direct life-support machines, or weapons systems, in which the failure of products could lead directly to death, personal injury, or severe physical or environmental damage. The customer hereby agrees that the use, sale, license or other distribution of the products for any such application without the prior written consent of Alcatel-Lucent, shall be at the customer's sole risk. The customer hereby agrees to defend and hold Alcatel-Lucent harmless from any claims for loss, cost, damage, expense or liability that may arise out of or in connection with the use, sale, license or other distribution of the products in such applications.This document may contain information regarding the use and installation of non-Alcatel-Lucent products. Please note that this information is provided as a courtesy to assist you. While Alcatel-Lucent tries to ensure that this information accurately reflects information provided by the supplier, please refer to the materials provided with any non-Alcatel-Lucent product and contact the supplier for confirmation. Alcatel-Lucent assumes no responsibility or liability for incorrect or incomplete information provided about non-Alcatel-Lucent products.However, this does not constitute a representation or warranty. The warranties provided for Alcatel-Lucent products, if any, are set forth in contractual documentation entered into by Alcatel-Lucent and its customers.This document was originally written in English. If there is any conflict or inconsistency between the English version and any other version of a document, the English version shall prevail.

Alcatel-Lucent 7302 ISAM | 7330 ISAM FTTN | 7360 ISAM FX R4.6.02 November 2013 iii3HH-11651-BAAA-TQZZA Edition 03 ReleasedSystem Description for FD 100/320Gbps NT and FX NT

Preface

This preface provides general information about the documentation set for the 7302 Intelligent Services Access Manager (7302 ISAM), the 7330 Intelligent Services Access Manager Fiber to the Node (7330 ISAM FTTN) and the 7360 ISAM FX.

Scope

This documentation set provides information about safety, features and functionality, ordering, hardware installation and maintenance, CLI and TL1 commands, and software upgrade and migration procedures.

Audience

This documentation set is intended for planners, administrators, operators, and maintenance personnel involved in installing, upgrading, or maintaining the 7302 ISAM, the 7330 ISAM FTTN or the 7360 ISAM FX.

Required knowledge

The reader must be familiar with general telecommunications principles.

Acronyms and initialisms

The expansions and optional descriptions of most acronyms and initialisms appear in the glossary, which is included in the System Description document.

Preface

iv November 2013 Alcatel-Lucent 7302 ISAM | 7330 ISAM FTTN | 7360 ISAM FX R4.6.02Edition 03 Released 3HH-11651-BAAA-TQZZA

System Description for FD 100/320Gbps NT and FX NT

Assistance and ordering phone numbers

Alcatel-Lucent provides global technical support through regional call centers. Phone numbers for the regional call centers are available at the following URL: http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/myaccess.

For ordering information, contact your Alcatel-Lucent sales representative.

Safety information

For safety information, see the Safety Manual for your product.

Documents

Refer to the Product Information document for your product to see a list of all the relevant customer documents and their part numbers for the current release.

Customer documentation is available for download from the Alcatel-Lucent Support Service website at http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/myaccess.

Product Naming

When the term ISAM is used alone, both the 7302 ISAM, the 7330 ISAM FTTN and the 7360 ISAM FX are meant. If a feature is valid for only one of the products, the applicability will be explicitly stated.

Special information

The following are examples of how special information is presented in this document.

Danger Danger indicates that the described activity or situation may result in serious personal injury or death; for example, high voltage or electric shock hazards.

Warning Warning indicates that the described activity or situation may, or will, cause equipment damage or serious performance problems.

Caution Caution indicates that the described activity or situation may, or will, cause service interruption.

Note A note provides information that is, or may be, of special interest.

Preface

Alcatel-Lucent 7302 ISAM | 7330 ISAM FTTN | 7360 ISAM FX R4.6.02 November 2013 v3HH-11651-BAAA-TQZZA Edition 03 ReleasedSystem Description for FD 100/320Gbps NT and FX NT

Procedures with options or substepsWhen there are options in a procedure, they are identified by letters. When there are required substeps in a procedure, they are identified by roman numerals.

Procedure 1 Example of options in a procedure

At step 1, you can choose option a or b. At step 2, you must do what the step indicates.

1 This step offers two options. You must choose one of the following:

a This is one option.

b This is another option.

2 You must perform this step.

Procedure 2 Example of required substeps in a procedure

At step 1, you must perform a series of substeps within a step. At step 2, you must do what the step indicates.

1 This step has a series of substeps that you must perform to complete the step. You must perform the following substeps:

i This is the first substep.

ii This is the second substep.

iii This is the third substep.

2 You must perform this step.

Release notes

Be sure to refer to the release notes (such as the Customer Release Notes or Emergency Fix Release Note) issued for software loads of your product before you install or use the product. The release notes provide important information about the software load.

Preface

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Contents

Preface iiiScope ................................................................................................................... iiiAudience ................................................................................................................... iiiRequired knowledge..................................................................................................... iiiAcronyms and initialisms............................................................................................... iiiAssistance and ordering phone numbers ........................................................................ ivSafety information........................................................................................................ ivDocuments .................................................................................................................. ivProduct Naming ........................................................................................................... ivSpecial information....................................................................................................... ivRelease notes ............................................................................................................... v

1 Introduction 1-11.1 General...................................................................................................... 1-21.2 Supported User Interfaces........................................................................... 1-21.3 Integrated DSL, Voice, Point-to-point Ethernet, GPON, EPON, 10G EPON

and DPoE system ............................................................................... 1-4Alcatel-Lucent 7302 ISAM | 7330 ISAM FTTN | 7360 ISAM FX R4.6.02 November 2013 vii3HH-11651-BAAA-TQZZA Edition 03 ReleasedSystem Description for FD 100/320Gbps NT and FX NT

1.4 Document Structure.................................................................................... 1-4

2 System interface overview 2-12.1 General...................................................................................................... 2-32.2 Overview ................................................................................................... 2-32.3 Multi-ADSL ................................................................................................. 2-52.4 VDSL ......................................................................................................... 2-92.5 SHDSL ..................................................................................................... 2-112.6 Ethernet................................................................................................... 2-132.7 GPON ...................................................................................................... 2-152.8 EPON....................................................................................................... 2-162.9 10G EPON................................................................................................ 2-19

Contents2.10 DPoE ....................................................................................................... 2-232.11 Inverse multiplexing for ATM..................................................................... 2-242.12 ATM/PTM bonding .................................................................................... 2-242.13 Overview of ISAM Voice interfaces ............................................................. 2-252.14 E1 TDM Interface ..................................................................................... 2-262.15 Overview of ONU Based UNI and Service Interfaces .................................... 2-262.16 Overview of ISAM support for remote management of third-party

equipment. ...................................................................................... 2-28

3 Failure protection and redundancy provisions inISAM 3-1

3.1 Overview ................................................................................................... 3-23.2 ISAM single shelf configurations .................................................................. 3-53.3 ISAM subtending system protection ........................................................... 3-113.4 Failure protection at layer 3....................................................................... 3-133.5 Subscriber interface redundancy ................................................................ 3-14

4 Management 4-14.1 Overview ................................................................................................... 4-24.2 Management interfaces ............................................................................... 4-34.3 Management interfaces security................................................................. 4-134.4 Management access models ...................................................................... 4-154.5 Counters and statistics .............................................................................. 4-184.6 Alarm management .................................................................................. 4-194.7 Software and database management ......................................................... 4-264.8 Equipment monitoring............................................................................... 4-304.9 Access node control protocol ..................................................................... 4-31

5 Line testing features 5-15.1 Overview ................................................................................................... 5-25.2 Metallic test access ..................................................................................... 5-45.3 Single-Ended Line Testing ........................................................................... 5-75.4 Dual-ended line testing ............................................................................... 5-85.5 Metallic-Ended Line Testing ......................................................................... 5-95.6 ATM F5 .................................................................................................... 5-115.7 Link Related Ethernet OAM........................................................................ 5-125.8 Narrowband Line Testing .......................................................................... 5-145.9 SFP diagnostics ........................................................................................ 5-175.10 Embedded OTDR...................................................................................... 5-18

6 Network timing reference support in ISAM 6-16.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 6-26.2 ISAM clock system and NTR extraction......................................................... 6-66.3 Downstream NTR clock distribution............................................................ 6-166.4 Applicable standards ................................................................................. 6-17viii November 2013 Alcatel-Lucent 7302 ISAM | 7330 ISAM FTTN | 7360 ISAM FX R4.6.02Edition 03 Released 3HH-11651-BAAA-TQZZA


Contents7 xDSL features 7-17.1 Overview ................................................................................................... 7-27.2 Configurable impulse noise protection .......................................................... 7-37.3 RFI Notching .............................................................................................. 7-47.4 Low-power modes ...................................................................................... 7-47.5 Seamless rate adaptation ............................................................................ 7-67.6 Upstream power back-off ............................................................................ 7-77.7 Downstream power back-off........................................................................ 7-97.8 Impulse noise monitor .............................................................................. 7-107.9 Virtual noise ............................................................................................. 7-107.10 Physical Layer Retransmission (RTX) .......................................................... 7-127.11 Per-line configuration overrule ................................................................... 7-137.12 Configurable US/ DS memory split ............................................................. 7-147.13 Vectoring ................................................................................................. 7-147.14 Fall-back configuration for vectoring .......................................................... 7-17

8 GPON Network Architecture 8-18.1 Introduction: GPON Network ....................................................................... 8-28.2 Alcatel-Lucent GPON Network Architecture ................................................... 8-28.3 GPON Implementation of ISAM.................................................................... 8-38.4 V-OLT GPON Functions ............................................................................. 8-128.5 Protection ................................................................................................ 8-128.6 ONU Functions ......................................................................................... 8-12

9 ISAM Support for the GPON ONU 9-19.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 9-29.2 ONU Product Identification .......................................................................... 9-59.3 Ethernet features........................................................................................ 9-79.4 xDSL features............................................................................................. 9-79.5 Wi-Fi.......................................................................................................... 9-79.6 DS1/E1 Features......................................................................................... 9-79.7 Video Overlay........................................................................................... 9-109.8 Home Phoneline Network (HPNA) .............................................................. 9-119.9 Power over Ethernet ................................................................................. 9-129.10 Ethernet loopback detection ...................................................................... 9-12

10 EPON Network Architecture 10-110.1 Overview ................................................................................................. 10-210.2 EPON network .......................................................................................... 10-210.3 EPON implementation of ISAM................................................................... 10-910.4 EPON system capacity............................................................................. 10-29

11 ISAM Support for the EPON ONU 11-111.1 Overview ................................................................................................. 11-211.2 EPON ONU ............................................................................................... 11-211.3 Supported features and services ................................................................ 11-511.4 Security ................................................................................................... 11-8Alcatel-Lucent 7302 ISAM | 7330 ISAM FTTN | 7360 ISAM FX R4.6.02 November 2013 ix3HH-11651-BAAA-TQZZA Edition 03 ReleasedSystem Description for FD 100/320Gbps NT and FX NT

Contents12 ISAM Voice Network Architecture 12-112.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 12-312.2 Overall network topology .......................................................................... 12-312.3 Access network L2/L3 topologies ............................................................... 12-812.4 Product Definition and Dimensioning........................................................ 12-1312.5 Traffic types and forwarding.................................................................... 12-1412.6 Layer 2/layer 3 addressing topologies ...................................................... 12-4412.7 Protocol stacks ....................................................................................... 12-7512.8 Voice service and MPLS Pseudo-wire ........................................................ 12-8412.9 Management interface ............................................................................ 12-8412.10 Permanent data storage.......................................................................... 12-8712.11 Management model ................................................................................ 12-8812.12 Reliability, Equipment / Connectivity / Overload Protection ........................ 12-9612.13 Quality of Service ..................................................................................12-11012.14 DNS interworking ..................................................................................12-11012.15 BITS Support.........................................................................................12-11212.16 Narrowband Line Testing .......................................................................12-11212.17 Termination local loop unbundling ..........................................................12-11212.18 Alarm Treatment ...................................................................................12-11312.19 Lawful Intercept ....................................................................................12-11512.20 ISAM Voice migration.............................................................................12-120

13 DPoE Network Architecture 13-113.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 13-213.2 Overview ................................................................................................. 13-213.3 Alcatel-Lucent DPoE network architecture................................................... 13-313.4 DPoE implementation of ISAM ................................................................... 13-6

14 Integrated Narrowband Support 14-114.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 14-214.2 Coverage ................................................................................................. 14-214.3 MEGACO Feature Portfolio ......................................................................... 14-314.4 SIP Feature Portfolio ................................................................................. 14-914.5 Validating Origin of SIP request ............................................................... 14-2814.6 Voice Service related defined alarms ........................................................ 14-2914.7 Compliancy to standards ......................................................................... 14-31

15 Layer 2 forwarding 15-115.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 15-215.2 The concept of Virtual LAN (VLAN)............................................................. 15-215.3 The ISAM is an Access Device.................................................................... 15-415.4 ISAM Internal Architecture ...................................................................... 15-1715.5 Subscriber interface stack on the LT board ............................................... 15-2615.6 iBridges ................................................................................................. 15-2915.7 VLAN cross-connect mode ....................................................................... 15-4915.8 Protocol-aware cross-connect mode ......................................................... 15-5615.9 IPoA cross-connect mode........................................................................ 15-6115.10 Secure forwarding in iBridge and VLAN cross-connect ............................... 15-63x November 2013 Alcatel-Lucent 7302 ISAM | 7330 ISAM FTTN | 7360 ISAM FX R4.6.02Edition 03 Released 3HH-11651-BAAA-TQZZA


Contents15.11 Virtual MAC ............................................................................................ 15-6715.12 PPP cross-connect mode ......................................................................... 15-74

16 Protocol handling in a Layer 2 forwarding model 16-116.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 16-216.2 Link aggregation....................................................................................... 16-316.3 RSTP and MSTP........................................................................................ 16-816.4 Connectivity Fault Management ............................................................... 16-1316.5 802.1x support ....................................................................................... 16-1716.6 BCMP..................................................................................................... 16-1816.7 ARP ....................................................................................................... 16-1916.8 DHCP..................................................................................................... 16-2016.9 IGMP ..................................................................................................... 16-2616.10 PPPoE.................................................................................................... 16-2616.11 DHCPv6 ................................................................................................. 16-3116.12 ICMPv6.................................................................................................. 16-3316.13 LLDP...................................................................................................... 16-33

17 IP routing 17-117.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 17-217.2 IP routing features.................................................................................... 17-217.3 IP routing model....................................................................................... 17-617.4 Routing in case of subtended ISAMs ........................................................ 17-10

18 Protocol handling in a Layer 3 forwarding model 18-118.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 18-218.2 IPv4 Routing Protocols .............................................................................. 18-218.3 ARP ......................................................................................................... 18-218.4 DHCP relay agent ..................................................................................... 18-318.5 DHCP snooping ........................................................................................ 18-518.6 IPv6 routing protocols............................................................................... 18-618.7 Neighbour Discovery (ICMPv6) .................................................................. 18-718.8 DHCPv6 Relay Agent................................................................................. 18-718.9 DHCPv6 Snooping..................................................................................... 18-818.10 Bidirectional Forwarding Detection ............................................................. 18-9

19 Multicast and IGMP 19-119.1 Overview ................................................................................................. 19-219.2 Advanced capabilities................................................................................ 19-519.3 System decomposition ............................................................................ 19-1519.4 Multicast and forwarding models.............................................................. 19-19

20 Quality of Service 20-120.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 20-220.2 Upstream QoS handling ............................................................................ 20-220.3 Downstream QoS.................................................................................... 20-13Alcatel-Lucent 7302 ISAM | 7330 ISAM FTTN | 7360 ISAM FX R4.6.02 November 2013 xi3HH-11651-BAAA-TQZZA Edition 03 ReleasedSystem Description for FD 100/320Gbps NT and FX NT

Contents20.4 Hardware mapping of QoS functions ........................................................ 20-1520.5 Configuration of QoS............................................................................... 20-31

21 Resource management and authentication 21-121.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 21-221.2 RADIUS features....................................................................................... 21-221.3 802.1x authentication via RADIUS.............................................................. 21-221.4 Operator authentication via RADIUS........................................................... 21-321.5 Encryption of authentication data............................................................... 21-321.6 Lawful Interception................................................................................... 21-3

22 MPLS 22-122.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 22-222.2 Label Switched Path.................................................................................. 22-222.3 Label Distribution Protocol......................................................................... 22-322.4 Resource Reservation Protocol................................................................... 22-522.5 Pseudo-wires and T-LDP ........................................................................... 22-622.6 L2 VPN services ........................................................................................ 22-722.7 QoS ......................................................................................................... 22-922.8 Redundancy and resilience ........................................................................ 22-922.9 Support for MPLS rings ........................................................................... 22-1022.10 Support for MPLS flow label..................................................................... 22-1122.11 Supporting integrated voice services over MPLS........................................ 22-12

23 ATM Pseudowire emulation 23-123.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 23-223.2 Solution description .................................................................................. 23-223.3 Cell concatenation .................................................................................... 23-323.4 QoS ......................................................................................................... 23-423.5 Known restrictions .................................................................................... 23-423.6 Support on the ISAM ................................................................................ 23-4

24 Application Intelligence Platform 24-124.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 24-224.2 Solution description .................................................................................. 24-224.3 Benefits ................................................................................................... 24-424.4 Support in ISAM ....................................................................................... 24-4

A. Cross-domain solutions A-1A.1 Overview ...................................................................................................A-2A.2 Mobile backhaul..........................................................................................A-3A.3 E1/T1 Leased Line Replacement (SHDSL/PON) ........................................... A-11A.4 E1/PRA Interfaces on ISAM ....................................................................... A-15A.5 Ethernet Business Access over ISAM .......................................................... A-21A.6 ISAM Backhaul (Rural DSL, Ultra-high Broadband) ...................................... A-27A.7 Hospitality solution ................................................................................... A-33A.8 Open Community Broadband for Smart Communities .................................. A-39xii November 2013 Alcatel-Lucent 7302 ISAM | 7330 ISAM FTTN | 7360 ISAM FX R4.6.02Edition 03 Released 3HH-11651-BAAA-TQZZA


ContentsB. RADIUS Attributes B-1B.1 RADIUS Attributes ......................................................................................B-2B.2 Vendor specific RADIUS attributes ...............................................................B-2

Glossary

IndexAlcatel-Lucent 7302 ISAM | 7330 ISAM FTTN | 7360 ISAM FX R4.6.02 November 2013 xiii3HH-11651-BAAA-TQZZA Edition 03 ReleasedSystem Description for FD 100/320Gbps NT and FX NT

Contentsxiv November 2013 Alcatel-Lucent 7302 ISAM | 7330 ISAM FTTN | 7360 ISAM FX R4.6.02Edition 03 Released 3HH-11651-BAAA-TQZZA


Alcatel-Lucent 7302 ISAM | 7330 ISAM FTTN | 7360 ISAM FX R4.6.02 November 2013 1-13HH-11651-BAAA-TQZZA Edition 03 ReleasedSystem Description for FD 100/320Gbps NT and FX NT

1 Introduction

1.1 General 1-2

1.2 Supported User Interfaces 1-2

1.3 Integrated DSL, Voice, Point-to-point Ethernet, GPON, EPON, 10G EPON and DPoE system 1-4

1.4 Document Structure 1-4

1 Introduction

1-2 November 2013 Alcatel-Lucent 7302 ISAM | 7330 ISAM FTTN | 7360 ISAM FX R4.6.02Edition 03 Released 3HH-11651-BAAA-TQZZA


1.1 General

This document provides the system description for the following products:

7302 Intelligent Services Access Manager (ISAM) equipped with an FD 100 or 320Gbps NT

7330 ISAM Fiber To The Node (FTTN) equipped with an FD 100 or 320Gbps NT 7360 Intelligent Services Access Manager (ISAM) FXFor specific product details on each of these systems, see the:

7302 ISAM Product Information 7330 ISAM FTTN Product Information 7360 ISAM FX Product InformationThe ISAM is a frame-based Multi Service Access Platform, offering high-density copper and fibre connections for multimedia, high-speed internet access, voice and business services.

The position of the ISAM in the network is visualized in Figure 1-1, showing on the left side the different types of user interfaces that terminate on the Line Termination (LT) boards in the system.The ISAM can be deployed with numerous interfaces and in different network environments.

1.2 Supported User Interfaces

Depending on the system and the Network Termination (NT) used in that system, the list of supported user interfaces will be different.

The ISAM network architecture is shown in Figure 1-1.

Note The ISAM OLT (EPON) described is qualified for MII market only.

1 Introduction


Figure 1-1 ISAM Network Architecture

Depending on the type of LT boards plugged into the system, three types of user interfaces are available:

a number of different DSL interfaces (depending on the related DSL line board family),

Ethernet interfaces voice interfaces

In case a GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) LT LT is used, depending on the type of ONU connected, the same 3 types of user interfaces are available. In addition, also RF video overlay, Wi-Fi, and DS1/E1 interfaces can be available via the Optical Network Units (ONU).In case an EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network)), or a 10G EPON (10Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network) LT is used, depending on the type of ONU connected, the xDSL interface, Ethernet and Voice interface can be available via the Optical Network Units (ONU).DOCSIS Provisioning of EPON (DPoE) implements the DOCSIS operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning functionality on existing EPON equipment to allow for existing DOCSIS Operations Support System Infrastructure (OSSI).

xDSLISAM

Video

FE/GE

FE/GE

IP Edge Router / BRAS

EMAN

EthernetSwitch NSP IP backbone

NSP IP backbone

NSP IP backbone

xDSLLT

EthLT

VoiceLT

xDSL

Ethernet

Voice

Video

NT

ISAM shelf

ISAM

OMCIGPON

ISAM OLT

FE/GE/10GE

FE/GE/10GE

Ethernet

Voice

DS1/E1

OAM(10G) EPON

(10G) EPONLT

DS1/E1

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi

ONT/ONU

ONT/ONU

GPONLT

1 Introduction



Every type of ONU has a number of user interfaces of a certain type, so they have to be chosen in function of the required interfaces and functionality.

Although it is clear that the ONUs are physical boxes outside the ISAM shelves, often located at customer premises, they belong to the ISAM system architecture and are also managed from the ISAM.

It is worthwhile to emphasize the physical and conceptual place of the GPON, EPON, and 10G EPON functionality in the ISAM because it extends the system boundaries up to 128 (ONUs) over a fiber plant that can reach tens of kilometers from the GPON, and 10G EPON LTs and up to 64 (ONUs) over a fiber plant that reach tens of kilometers from the EPON LTs.

More details on every of these interfaces are available in chapter System interface overview.

1.3 Integrated DSL, Voice, Point-to-point Ethernet, GPON, EPON, 10G EPON and DPoE system

A combination of all of above mentioned user interfaces and functionality can be supported simultaneously in one single ISAM system, as shown in Figure 1-1. By deploying xDSL, Voice, point-to-point Ethernet, GPON, EPON, 10G EPON and DPoE LTs together in a single shelf, a single system can support all these types of interfaces. Therefore we can talk about an 'integrated system'.

The management models for DPoE and traditional EPON are very different however they share the same EPON LT card using the following management modes:

EPON: default mode, managed using traditional 1G EPON model DPoE: managed using traditional 1G EPON model compliant with DPoE

specified OAM DOCSIS: managed using DOCSIS model

The ISAM system can on the other hand also be used as a DSL-only, Voice-only, point-to-point Ethernet-only, GPON-only, EPON-only, or 10G EPON-only system in function of the available network strategy decided on by the operator.

Even though the ISAM LTs and ONUs may have similar interface types (Ethernet, xDSL and voice) they are treated separately and in a number of cases managed through different commands and procedures.

However, for any higher layer functionality, such as Layer2 and Layer3 forwarding protocols, ISAM provides a common management model and common implementation

1.4 Document Structure

Following a general chapter about the system interfaces in the next chapter, this document is organized in a number of functional areas providing an end-to-end view of the various ISAM feature domains.

1 Introduction


All chapters related to the higher layers in this document cover the ISAM as an integrated system (see chapter System interface overview) because of the common management model and implementation between xDSL, Voice, point-to-point Ethernet, GPON, EPON, 10G EPON and DPoE architecture.

The GPON, EPON, 10G EPON and DPoE architecture is covered in a dedicated chapter followed by a chapter that provides an overview of all ONU types and their respective physical user interfaces.

1 Introduction




2 System interface overview

2.1 General 2-3

2.2 Overview 2-3

2.3 Multi-ADSL 2-5

2.4 VDSL 2-9

2.5 SHDSL 2-11

2.6 Ethernet 2-13

2.7 GPON 2-15

2.8 EPON 2-16

2.9 10G EPON 2-19

2.10 DPoE 2-23

2.11 Inverse multiplexing for ATM 2-24

2.12 ATM/PTM bonding 2-24

2.13 Overview of ISAM Voice interfaces 2-25

2.14 E1 TDM Interface 2-26

2.15 Overview of ONU Based UNI and Service Interfaces 2-26




2.16 Overview of ISAM support for remote management of third-party equipment. 2-28



2.1 General

This chapter provides a general description of the system interfaces.

The ISAM can be deployed with numerous interfaces and in different network environments. In a basic deployment, the ISAM is used to provide High-Speed Internet (HSI), Video, and Voice over IP (VoIP) services to subscribers.A specific use of the ISAM is to provide classic telephony services to subscribers being connected with classic Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) lines, and to convert within the ISAM the corresponding signals to VoIP signaling and data packets. This specific use of the ISAM is known as ISAM Voice.

In case a Passive Optical Network (PON) is used as physical access technology, the GPON LT, EPON LT or 10G EPON LT connects via fiber interfaces to the PON and physically terminate into the Optical Network Units (ONUs) that provide the user interfaces for all services.

ONUs are access devices that are located at the user/customer premises. Several types of ONU exist, more details are described in a dedicated section further in this document

It should be clear that, due to the positioning of the ONU, this device provides the actual user interfaces and is, together with the GPON LT, fully ISAM-internal. In the case of EPON, and 10G EPON, the EPON interface cannot be considered as fully ISAM-internal because of the white-box management model designed for better compatibility with other vendors.

2.2 Overview

The following section provides an overview of the different relevant aspects for subscriber links.

Note Throughout this document, the terminology as defined in Rec. ITU-T G.984.1 (03/2008) will be adopted for EPON, 10G EPON and GPON. The Optical Network Unit (ONU) is the generic term denoting a device that terminates any one of the distributed (leaf) endpoints of an Optical Distribution Network, implements a PON protocol, and adapts PON PDUs to subscriber service interfaces. In some contexts, an ONU implies a multiple-subscriber device. The Optical Network Termination (ONT) is a single subscriber device and is a special case of an ONU.

Note 1 For ease of understanding, the ISAM Voice links are described separately, see section Overview of ISAM Voice interfaces.

Note 2 For a clear delineation, Optical Network Unit (ONU)-based user-facing interfaces (UNIs) are also discussed separately, see section Overview of ONU Based UNI and Service Interfaces.




Link transmission technology

In general, the subscriber links are terminated on the Line Termination (LT) boards. The ISAM supports LT boards with various transmission types:

ADSL, ADSL2, ADSL2+, and READSL2 (ITU-T G.992) VDSL2 (ITU-T G.993) SHDSL (ITU-T 991.2, YD/T1185-2002), IEEE 802.3 Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) 10G EPON (IEEE 802.3av)The Ethernet subscriber links can also be terminated on the Network Termination (NT) boards or the NT I/O boards.In addition, Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network (GPON) and Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) line boards provide ISAM OLT interfaces to ONU to deliver high quality voice, video, and data services to both single-family, multi-dwelling residential and business subscribers. The ISAM OLT implementation is based on ITU-T and IEEE specifications, see sections GPON and EPON.

The network links (ISAM uplinks), subtending links (to the subtended ISAM) or inter-shelf links (ISAM downlinks from the host shelf to remote shelves, Remote Expansion Modules (7356 ISAM FTTB REMs) or Sealed Expansion Modules (7357 ISAM FTTB SEMs)) are terminated by the Network Termination (NT) boards, by the NT I/O boards, or by an Ethernet LT board operating in Network-to-Network-Interfacing modus.

Figure 2-1 shows a diagram of approximate achievable downstream bit rates for the preceding DSL transmission types as a function of the line length for a 0.4 mm diameter (26 AWG) twisted pair.

Figure 2-1 DSL types: downstream bit rate as a function of line length

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Lin e le n g th (km)

Dow

ns

tre

am

bi

t ra

te (M

b/s)

VDSL2

VDSL

ADSL2+

ADSL2

ADSL



Transfer modes

The ISAM supports the following transfer modes for the preceding transmission types:

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is supported for all ADSL types and SHDSL.

Packet Transfer Mode (PTM) with 64/65 octet encapsulation/Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM) is supported for SHDSL, VDSL2, and some ADSL2/2+ LT boards. This transfer mode uses 64/65 byte block coding of variable size frames or frame fragments at the transmission convergence sublayer in the modem.For PTM over ADSL2/2+, preemption is supported in the upstream direction and enabled by default (not configurable).

IEEE 802.3 Ethernet frame transfer Time Division Multiplex Mode (TDM) is supported for 10G EPON Wavelength Division Multiplex Mode (WDM) is supported for 10G EPON

Bonding

A number of methods exist to combine multiple physical links that apply the preceding transmission types and transfer modes to a single logical subscriber interface. This allows increasing either:

the available service bandwidth for a subscriber the distance across which a standard service bandwidth package can be offered,

in case of transmission types for which the achievable link bandwidth depends strongly on the length of the local loop

a combination of the preceding two methods.

Bonding of multiple links is possible at different levels in the ISAM, where the traffic of DSL links is aggregated. The broader the scope of the bonding capability, the more flexibility an operator has to configure bonding groups.

The following bonding methods are defined within the standards:

Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA): ATM Forum Specification af-phy-0086.001

ATM Bonding: ITU-T G.998.1 PTM Bonding: ITU-T G.998.2 M-pair operation for SHDSL: ITU-T G.991.2

2.3 Multi-ADSL

The ISAM supports multi-ADSL subscriber lines. This section describes the different supported ADSL types.




ADSL1

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is used on existing metallic twisted pairs (one per subscriber) between the Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) and a Central Office (CO) exchange. A Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) technique allows the simultaneous use of high-speed data services and the existing Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN).Other advantages of ADSL are:

The existing network is used by the network operator (reducing costs). The existing telephone service, including equipment, is retained by the customer.

Asymmetric nature of ADSL

The digital transmission capacity of the ADSL system is asymmetric in that the downstream and upstream bit rates are different:

The downstream bit rate can range from 32 kb/s up to 8 Mb/s (or 15 Mb/s with the optional S=0.5). The bit rate granularity is 32 kb/s.

The upstream bit rate can range from 32 kb/s to 1.5 Mb/s. The bit rate granularity is 32 kb/s.

The chosen rate depends on the bidirectional services to be supported and the loop characteristics.

This transmission type allows high-bandwidth services, for example, digital audio and video (multimedia), Ethernet interconnection to the customer, and so on.

Bidirectional transport

With ADSL, the transport system provides bidirectional asymmetric communication over a single twisted pair without repeaters.

ADSL services

The multi-ADSL mode and maximum physical bit rate is automatically determined during initialization of the modem, based on line conditions and the line configuration. Modem initialization is done using a predefined noise margin and within the constraints of the transmit power spectral density. This allows various levels of service, for example, offering the highest bit rates at a premium or ensuring a guaranteed bit rate.

Operational modes

Table 2-1 lists the supported ADSL1 operational modes.

Note In practice, the maximum achievable upstream bit rate is typically below 1.5 Mb/s. For example, the maximum achievable upstream bit rate for Annex A is 1.2 Mb/s.



Table 2-1 ADSL operational modes

ADSL2

The ADSL2 family of ADSL standards adds features and functionality that boost the performance, improve interoperability, and support new applications, services, and deployment scenarios.

ADSL2 includes the following:

Better rate and reach:Improved modulation efficiency, improved initialization state machine, enhanced signal processing algorithms, reduced framing overhead, and framing extension allowing higher coding gain.

Loop diagnostics:Real-time performance-monitoring capabilities provide information regarding line quality and noise conditions at both ends of the line (see chapter Line testing features, section Single-Ended Line Testing). In addition, ADSL2 provides Carrier Loop diagnostics based on Dual-Ended Line Testing (DELT) (see chapter Line testing features, section Dual-ended line testing).

Packet-based services:ADSL2 amendment 1 brings native transport of packets such as Ethernet

Impulse Noise Protection (INP):See chapter xDSL features, section Configurable impulse noise protection.

Physical Layer Retransmission (RTX):See chapter xDSL features, section Physical Layer Retransmission (RTX).

Bonding:ADSL2 also specifies IMA. However, this has been replaced by bonding support as per G.998.1; see section ATM/PTM bonding.

Low-power modes (L2/L3):See chapter xDSL features, section Low-power modes.

Seamless Rate Adaptation (SRA):See chapter xDSL features, section Seamless rate adaptation.

Carrier masking:The carrier mask allows the suppression of each individual carrier in the upstream and downstream direction.

Operation Mode Description

T1.413 Issue 2 ANSI standard; operation over POTS non-overlapped spectrum

DTS/TM-06006 ETSI standard; operation over ISDN non-overlapped spectrum

G.992.1 Annex A Also known as G.dmt; operation over POTS non-overlapped spectrum

G.992.1 Annex B Operation over ISDN non-overlapped spectrum

G.992.2 Annex A Also known as G.lite; operation over POTS non-overlapped spectrum.This standard is a medium bandwidth version of ADSL that allows Internetaccess at up to 1.5 Mb/s downstream and up to 512 kb/s upstream.




Mandatory receiver support of bit swapping:Bit swapping reallocates data and power (that is, margin) among the allocated subcarriers without modification of the higher layer features of the physical layer. After a bit swapping reconfiguration, the total data rate is unchanged and the data rate on each latency path is unchanged.

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) egress control and means for RFI ingress control:To minimize the impact of radio frequency interference from and with AM radio and radio amateurs, multi-ADSL provides RFI egress control and means for RFI ingress control.

Operational modes

Table 2-2 lists the supported ADSL2 operational modes.

Table 2-2 ADSL2 operational modes

A license counter keeps track of all the installed lines on which G.992.3 or G.992.5 Annex M is enabled.

A license counter keeps track of all the installed lines on which G.992.3 or G.992.5 Annex J is enabled.

ADSL2+

A number of applications, such as some video streams or combinations of video and data streams, can benefit from higher downstream rates than are currently possible with ADSL2. By doubling the ADSL frequency range up to 2.2 MHz, downstream bit rates of up to about 25 Mb/s can be provided.

Operational modes

Table 2-3 lists the supported ADSL2+ operational modes.

Table 2-3 ADSL2+ operational modes


G.992.3 Annex A Operation over POTS non-overlapped spectrum


G.992.3 Annex M Extended upstream operation (up to 3 Mb/s) over POTS non-overlapped spectrum

G.992.3 Annex J All Digital Mode operation with non-overlapped spectrum and extended upstream band (spectrally compatible with ADSLx over ISDN)


G.992.5 Annex A Operation over POTS non-overlapped spectrum

(1 of 2)



A license counter keeps track of all the installed lines on which G.992.3 or G.992.5 Annex M is enabled.

A license counter keeps track of all the installed lines on which G.992.3 or G.992.5 Annex J is enabled.

Reach Extended ADSL2

Reach Extended ADSL2 (READSL2) is specified by ADSL2 Annex L, proposing new Power Spectral Density (PSD) masks that can result in a significant increase in ADSL reach.

Operational modes

Table 2-4 lists the READSL2 operational modes.

Table 2-4 READSL2 operational modes

2.4 VDSL

Very high bit rate Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL) allows very high speed data transmission on a metallic twisted pair between the operator network and the customer premises. This service is provisioned by using the existing unshielded copper twisted pairs, without requiring repeaters. By using a Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) technique, the existing POTS or ISDN services can still be provided on the same wires. VDSL transceivers use Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) to separate upstream and downstream transmission.

VDSL1

VDSL1 mode is not supported.


G.992.5 Annex M Extended upstream operation (up to 3 Mb/s) over POTS non-overlapped spectrum

G.992.5 Annex J All Digital Mode operation with non-overlapped spectrum and extended upstream band (spectrally compatible with ADSLx over ISDN)


(2 of 2)


G.992.3 Annex L (WIDE) Operation over POTS non-overlapped spectrum, Range-Extended Mode 1

G.992.3 Annex L (NARROW)

Operation over POTS non-overlapped spectrum, Range-Extended Mode 2




VDSL2

The VDSL2 standard (G.993.2) is an enhancement to VDSL1. VDSL2 specifies Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT) modulation and is reusing concepts of G.993.1 (VDSL1) and G.992.3 (ADSL2) recommendations, using also the G.994.1 handshake procedure.

VDSL2 features

The main features of VDSL2 are:

VDSL2 offers Packet Transport Mode (PTM) with 64/65B encapsulation: The definition of profiles supports a wide range of deployment scenarios:

deployment from the exchange (Fiber To The Exchange (FTTEx)) deployment from the cabinet (Fiber To The Cabinet (FTTCab)) deployment from the building (Fiber To the Building (FTTB))

VDSL2 supports higher bit rates than VDSL1; up to 100 Mb/ symmetrical.The attainable maximum data rate depends on the VDSL2 profile used. Support of 100 Mb/s requires the 30 MHz profile. Other profiles are better suited for operation on longer loops, but with reduced maximum bit rate.

VDSL2 offers improved performance over VDSL1: addition of Trellis coding increased maximum allowable transmit power

VDSL2 features provide better support for triple play over VDSL improved Impulse Noise Protection (INP) physical layer retransmission (RTX) virtual noise (optional)

VDSL2 has some ADSL2-like features: similar: loop diagnostics improved: PSD shaping improved management with regard to VDSL1

VDSL2 Operational Modes

Table 2-5 lists the supported VDSL2 operational modes.

Table 2-5 VDSL2 operational modes


G.993.2 profile 8A VDSL2 profile 8A

G.993.2 profile 8B VDSL2 profile 8B

G.993.2 profile 8C VDSL2 profile 8C

G.993.2 profile 8D VDSL2 profile 8D


G.993.2 profile 12B VDSL2 profile 12B




VDSL2 profile parameter overview

VDSL2 profiles mainly define variants with different bandwidths and transmit powers. Table 2-6 provides a VDSL2 profile parameter overview.

Table 2-6 VDSL2 profile parameter overview

Notes(1) US=upstream; DS=downstream(2) M=Mandatory; O=Optional; N=Not supported

2.5 SHDSL

The Symmetric High-speed Digital Subscriber Line (SHDSL) technology is a physical layer standard based on the ITU-T Recommendation G.991.2 (G.shdsl). The recommendation describes a versatile transmission method for data transport in the telecommunication access networks. SHDSL supports ATM, PTM and EFM transport.

SHDSL transceivers are designed primarily for duplex operation over mixed gauges of two-wire twisted metallic pairs. Four-wire and M-pair operations can be used for extended reach or bit rate. M-pair operation is supported for up to four pairs.

The use of signal regenerators for both the two-wire and multi-wire operations is optional.

VDSL2 profile

Parameter 8A 8B 8C 8D 12A 12B 17A

Max. aggregate DS transmit power (dBm) 17.5 20.5 11.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5

Max. aggregate US transmit power (dBm) 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5

US0 support(2) M M M M M O O

Annex A (998)

DS upper frequency (MHz) 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 17.664

US upper frequency (MHz) 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 12 12 12

Annex B (997)

DS upper frequency (MHz) 7.05 7.05 7.05 7.05 7.05 7.05 N/A

US upper frequency (MHz) 8.83 8.83 5.1 8.83 12 12 N/A

Annex B (997E)

DS upper frequency (MHz) 7.05 7.05 7.05 7.05 7.05 7.05 14

US upper frequency (MHz) 8.832 8.832 5.1 8.832 12 12 17.664

Annex B (998E)



Annex B (998ADE)






Multiple SHDSL circuits may be combined to support higher bandwidth using Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA) interface or the payload can be shared by multiple circuits (using the M-pair mode). IMA and M-pair do not work simultaneously over the same port or circuit. Generally, an SHDSL LT in the system can support ATM or IMA, or ITU-T G.991.2 PTM or IEEE 802.3ah EFM on a per-port basis.

SHDSL transceivers are capable of supporting selected symmetric user data rates ranging from 192 kb/s to 2312 kb/s, and optional up to 5696 kb/s, using Trellis Coded Pulse Amplitude Modulation (TCPAM) line code. For spectral compatibility with legacy services (including ADSLx), reach limitations can be imposed (typically by the national regulator) in function of the SHDSL bit rate.SHDSL transceivers support Cross-Talk Cancellation (CTC).SHDSL transceivers do not support the use of analogue splitting technology for coexistence with either POTS or ISDN.

Regional settings

Table 2-7 lists the supported regional settings.

Table 2-7 SHDSL regional settings

Payload ratesThe following payload rates are supported:

192 to 2304 kb/s in 64 kb/s steps for Annex A/B 192 to 5696 kb/s in 64 kb/s steps for Annex F/G

Standards Description

G.991.2 Annex A/F Standards applicable for North America (region 1) (ANSI)

G.991.2 Annex B/G Standards applicable for Europe (region 2) (ETSI)



2.6 Ethernet

The ISAM supports the following Ethernet interfaces:

Fast Ethernet (FE): supported on NT boards, NT I/O boards, and LT boards. Gigabit Ethernet (GE): supported on NT boards, NT I/O boards, and LT boards. 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GE): supported on NT boards, NT I/O boards and LT

boards.

Ethernet offers the following advantages:

high network reliability general availability of management and troubleshooting tools scalable to fit future needs low cost both in purchase and support easy migration from Ethernet or FE to GE flexible network design

Half and full duplex mode

Ethernet can operate in two modes:

Half duplex: In half duplex mode, a station can only send or receive at one time. Full duplex: In full duplex mode, send and receive channels are separated on the

link so that a station can send and receive simultaneously.

The ISAM NTs supports both modes and can adapt to either mode by way of auto-negotiation or manual configuration.

The ISAM Ethernet LTs only support the full duplex mode.

Hardware Auto-negotiation

Hardware auto-negotiation provides the capability for a device at one end of the link segment to advertise its abilities to the device at the other end (its link partner), to detect information defining the abilities of the link partner, and to determine if the two devices are compatible. Auto-negotiation provides hands-free configuration of the two attached devices.

Note 1 The 7330 ISAM FTTN supports additional optical uplinks through the expander unit, as well as optical expansion links (downlinks).Note 2 For Ethernet features supported by the Ethernet Line Termination (LT) board, refer to the Unit Data Sheet (UDS) of the relevant board.




Using auto-negotiation, the ISAM can determine the operational mode (full or half duplex) and the speed (only for electrical interfaces) to be applied to the link.

Auto-negotiation is supported as follows in ISAM:

For ISAM NTs: full support

For Ethernet LT:

NELT-A: Not supported NELT-B:

Optical GE: Supported in advertising mode only, i.e. the interface will communicate its settings (default or fixed by the operator) to the peer but will not change them as a result of the negotiation, i.e. it is up to the peer to line up its configuration to the advertised settings.

Electrical GE: the interface will automatically advertise support for 1000 and 100 Mb/s speeds and will adapt its speed in function of the peer capabilities. Other parameters are only advertised and not negotiated.

Fiber speed auto-sensingDual speed optical SFPs support both 100 Mb/s and 1 Gb/s modes of operations. When using dual speed SFPs, it is sometimes operationally easier to leave the ISAM automatically select the link speed in function of the CPE capabilities.

Though speed selection by means of auto-negotiation is standardized for electrical interfaces, it is not the case for optical interfaces. In order to overcome this situation, the ISAM supports a proprietary extension allowing the operator to enable the so-called fiber speed auto-sensing. Once enabled, the ISAM will automatically detect the operating speed of the CPE and adapts its own line rate.

See the ISAM Product Information manual for supported dual speed optical SFP modules per board type.

Software Auto-negotiationSoftware auto-negotiation institutes a propriety protocol to negotiate a higher communication bandwidth between two capable boards (NT board on one side and LT board on the other side). These two boards do not necessarily have to reside in the same shelf.

Note 1 It is also possible to manually configure the transmission mode and speed on the link.

Note 2 Auto-negotiation is supported for both optical and electrical GE.

Note 1 Whenever supported by the CPE (only standardized for Gigabit Ethernet optical lines), the fiber speed auto-sensing process will use auto-negotiation, allowing for faster convergence (1 Gb/s line only).Note 2 When 100 Mb/s and 1 Gb/s rates are both supported by the ISAM and the CPE, the highest available rate (that is, 1 Gb/s) is always selected.



The operator can configure the highest possible bandwidth between two capable boards via the regular management channels. The software auto-negotiation protocol will, based on the configured values, bring the bandwidth between two capable boards to the configured maximum speed.

In case of 7356/7357 ISAM REM/SEM equipment, auto-negotiation will check the end-to-end configuration based on a capability matrix of 1Gb/s / 2.5Gb/s components (for example, SFP+/XFP capabilities, NTIO, controller board), and configure a 2.5Gb/s link speed end-to-end if all the components support 2.5Gb/s.

2.7 GPON

The GPON interface is an optical interface that provides the ability to transport data between the Optical Line Termination (OLT) and the Optical Network Units (ONUs). Each GPON interface is shared by up to 128 ONUs. Some ONUs are used to connect individual residential or business subscribers: the Single Family Unit (SFU); others connect more residential or business subscribers: the Multi-Dwelling Unit (MDU) and Multi-Tenant Unit (MTU).The GPON interfaces must be considered as internal (user) interfaces while the ONU/ONT service interfaces are the actual (external) user interfaces in this specific case.

GPON interfaces can also be configured as subtending interfaces, similar to subtending interfaces as offered on NT and NT I/O ports. See L2 Forwarding section for additional details

All the ISAM implementations of ONU and OLT are based on the following GPON ITU-T standards:

G.984.1 (GPON Service requirements) G.984.2 (GPON PMD layer) G.984.2 (GPON PMD layer) amendment 1 G.984.3 (GPON TC Layer) G.984.3 (GPON TC Layer) amendments 1 and 2 G.984.4 (GPON OMCI) G.984.4 (GPON OMCI) amendments 1 and 2

EncapsulationData sent over the GPON interface is encapsulated in the GEM header, where GEM stands for GPON Encapsulation Method. The GEM header includes a GEM port ID which uniquely identifies a traffic flow or group of traffic flows for a specific UNI. GEM port IDs are not exposed to the operator, but are assigned, for example, when a VLAN port is created on a UNI. In the ONU, a GEM port ID is associated with a specific traffic queue towards the PON. Thus the GEM port can be conceptualized as identifying a specific traffic class within a UNI.




Dynamic Bandwidth AssignmentIn GPON, upstream traffic from all of the ONUs on a PON is managed by the OLT using DBA (Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment). A number of traffic containers or T-CONTs are defined, each with individual upstream bandwidth attributes. Each T-CONT is associated with a specific ONU and aggregates the traffic for one or more GEM ports on that ONU. ONUs cannot transmit upstream data for a T-CONT without permission from the OLT. The OLT issues a grant to the ONU to give it permission to transmit data for a specific T-CONT. This way the OLT can control the upstream transmission for all T-CONTs and ensure that all BW requirements are honored.

Delay toleranceFor the upstream GPON transmission, the ISAM system provides a configurable Delay Tolerance parameter to realize optimal latency and delay variation characteristics on the GPON link.

Forward Error CorrectionForward Error Correction (FEC) is used by the GPON transport layer, which involves transmitting the data in an encoded format. The encoding introduces redundancy, which allows the decoder to detect and correct transmission errors.

For further details, see chapter GPON Network Architecture.

OMCIONT Management and Control Interface (OMCI) is the ITU-T G984.4 based open interface definition that provides the management model for provisioning and surveillance related functions between OLT and ONU.

2.8 EPON

The EPON interface is an optical interface that provides the ability to transport data between the Optical Line Termination (OLT) and the Optical Network Unit (ONUs).Each EPON interface is shared by up to 64 ONUs. Some ONUs are used to connect individual residential or business subscribers - the Single Family Unit (SFU) or Single Business Unit (SBU). Other ONTs connect multiple residential or business subscribers - the Multi-Dwelling Unit (MDU) and Multi-Tenant Unit (MTU).As already stated in section General, both the EPON interfaces and the ONU service interface are the actual (external) user interface.All ISAM implementations of ONU and EPON OLT are based on the following EPON standards:

IEEE 802.3ah-2004 (Amendment: Media access control parameters, physical layers and management parameters for subscriber access networks)

IEEE 802.3-2005 (Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection access method and physical layer specifications)

China Telecom EPON Specification V2.1/V3.0



ITU-T G.652 (Characteristics of a single-mode optical fiber and cable) CCSA EPON regulation amendment for PX20+ sublayer requirement YD/T 1475-2006 The access technical requirements-EPON

Downstream Traffic TransmissionIn the downstream direction, Ethernet packets transmitted by the OLT pass through a 1N passive splitter or cascade of splitters and reach each ONU. The value of N is typically between 4 and 64 (limited by the available optical power budget). This behavior is similar to a shared-medium network. Because Ethernet is broadcasting by nature, in the downstream direction (from network to user) it fits perfectly with the EPON architecture. Packets are broadcast by the OLT and are selectively extracted by their destination ONU; see Figure 2-2.

Figure 2-2 EPON Downstream Transmission

Upstream Traffic TransmissionIn the upstream direction (from users to network), due to the directional properties of a passive optical combiner, data packets from any ONU will reach only the OLT, and not other ONUs. In this sense, in the upstream direction, the behavior of a PON is similar to that of a point-to-point architecture. However, unlike a true point-to-point network, all ONUs belong to a single collision domain: data packets from different ONUs transmitted simultaneously still may collide. Therefore, in the upstream direction, EPON needs to employ some arbitration mechanism to avoid data collisions and fairly share the channel capacity among ONUs.

Dynamic Bandwidth AssignmentIn EPON, the upstream traffic from all the ONUs on a PON is managed by the OLT using Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA). The upstream traffic is allocated per Logical Link IDentifier (LLID) by the OLT. Each LLID aggregates the traffic for one or more service interfaces on that ONU. ONUs cannot transmit upstream data without permission from the OLT.




The bandwidth assignment mechanism relies on grant and request messages, or GATE and REPORT, in IEEE 802.3ah terminology. Both GATE and REPORT messages are MAC control frames, which are identified by a predefined type value of 88-08.

A GATE message is sent from the OLT to an individual ONU and is used to assign a transmission timeslot to this ONU. A timeslot is identified by a pair of values {startTime, length}.

A REPORT message is a feedback mechanism used by an ONU to convey its local conditions (such as buffer occupancy) to the OLT to help the OLT make intelligent allocation decisions.

As specified in China Telecom EPON Specification V2.1/V3.0, the number of Queue Set and the threshold of each Queue can be configured by the OLT.The LLID is one of the key points in EPON technology, it derives from preserving the existing Ethernet MAC operation defined in the IEEE 802.3 standard, the Logical Topology Emulation (LTE) function should reside below the MAC sublayer. Operation of this function relies on the tagging of Ethernet frames with tags unique for each ONU. These tags are called LLIDs and are placed in the preamble at the beginning of each frame; see Figure 2-3. To guarantee uniqueness of the LLIDs, each ONU is assigned one or more tags by the OLT during the initial registration (auto-discovery) phase.

Figure 2-3 Frame Preamble Format in EPON

Forward Error CorrectionForward Error Correction (FEC) is used by the EPON MAC layer, which involves transmitting the data in an encoded format. The encoding introduces redundancy, which allows the decoder to detect and correct transmission errors.

For further details, see chapter EPON Network Architecture.

Churning EncryptionThe churning encryption is to improve the security of the downstream data because the downstream traffic can easily be intercepted by malicious users.

The triple churning can be enabled/disabled per LLID on ISAM, and each LLID has the unique churning key, which is generated by the request of the OLT.

In the downstream direction, the EPON OLT supports the triple churning function as defined by China Telecom EPON Specification V2.1.



OAMOperation, Administration and Management (OAM) is specified in the IEEE 802.3-2005 which provides network operators the ability to monitor the health of the network and quickly determine the location of failing links or fault conditions. This OAM described in this IEEE 802.3-2005 focuses on the data link layer.

Several extended OAMs have been implemented on ISAM to improve the management capability of the whole EPON network, especially EPON ONU (for example, configuration management, fault management, performance management, security management and so on).

2.9 10G EPON

The 10G EPON interface is an optical interface that provides the ability to transport data between the Optical Line Termination (OLT) and the Optical Network Unit (ONUs).Each 10G EPON interface is shared by up to 128 ONUs. Some ONUs are used to connect individual residential or business subscribers - the Single Family Unit (SFU) or Single Business Unit (SBU). Other ONTs connect multiple residential or business subscribers - the Multi-Dwelling Unit (MDU) and Multi-Tenant Unit (MTU).As already stated in section General, both the 10G EPON interfaces and the ONU service interface are the actual (external) user interface.All ISAM implementations of ONU and 10G EPON OLT are based on the following EPON standards:

IEEE 802.3ah-2004 (Amendment: Media access control parameters, physical layers and management parameters for subscriber access networks)


IEEE 802.3av-2009 (Co-existence and simultaneous operation of 1 Gbs and 10 Gbs and physical layer specifications

IEEE 802.3av-2009 (PMD, RS, PCS, PMA, and MPCP Sub-Layer Requirements China Telecom EPON Specification V2.1 ITU-T G.652 and G.657 (Characteristics of a single-mode optical fiber and cable) CCSA EPON regulation amendment for PX20+, PR20, PRX20, PR30, and

PRX30 sublayer requirement YD/T 1475-2006 The access technical requirements-EPON

The 10G EPON system is a single-fiber two-way system that supports two co-existing configurations:

symmetric operation with line rates of 10 Gb/s upstream and downstream support for TDMA and WDM with line rates of 1/1, 10/1, and 10/10 Gb/s

upstream/downstream coexistence asymmetric operation with line rates of 1 Gb/s upstream, and 10 Gb/s

downstream support for TDMA and WDM with line rates of 1/1 and 10/1 Gb/s

upstream/downstream coexistence




Downstream Traffic TransmissionIn the downstream direction, 10G EPON supports the coexistence of both 10 Gb/s and 1Gb/s signals in a WDM manner. Ethernet packets transmitted by the OLT pass through a 1N passive splitter or cascade of splitters and reach each ONU. The value of N is typically between 4 and 64 (limited by the available optical power budget). This behavior is similar to a shared-medium network. Because Ethernet is broadcasting by nature, in the downstream direction (from network to user) it fits perfectly with the 10G EPON architecture. Packets are broadcast by the OLT in continuous mode and are selectively extracted by their destination ONU; see Figure 2-4.

Figure 2-4 10G EPON Downstream Transmission

Upstream Traffic TransmissionIn the upstream direction, 10G EPON system supports the coexistence of both 10 Gb/s and 1 Gb/s signals in a TDMA manner (from users to network), due to the directional properties of a passive optical combiner, data packets from any ONU will reach only the OLT, and not other ONUs. In this sense, in the upstream direction, the behavior of a PON is similar to that of a point-to-point architecture. However, unlike a true point-to-point network, all ONUs belong to a single collision domain: data packets from different ONUs transmitted simultaneously still may collide. Therefore, in the upstream direction, 10G EPON needs to employ some arbitration mechanism to avoid data collisions and fairly share the channel capacity among ONUs. Multiple ONUs will take turns transmitting upstream in burst mode. See Figure 2-4

Dynamic Bandwidth AssignmentIn 10G EPON, the upstream traffic from all the ONUs on a PON is managed by the OLT using Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA). The upstream traffic is allocated per Logical Link IDentifier (LLID) by the OLT. Each LLID aggregates the traffic for one or more service interfaces on that ONU. ONUs cannot transmit upstream data without permission from the OLT.

10G-10GONU

10G-1GONU

1G-1GONU

10 Gb/s, 1270nm1 Gb/s, 1310nm1 Gb/s, 1310nm

Upstream

Downstream

10 Gb/s, 1577 nm

1 Gb/s, 1490 nm

RF Video, 1555 nm

OLT



The bandwidth assignment mechanism relies on grant and request messages, or GATE and REPORT, in IEEE 802.3ah terminology. Both GATE and REPORT messages are MAC control frames, which are identified by a predefined type value of 88-08.

A GATE message is sent from the OLT to an individual ONU and is used to assign a transmission timeslot to this ONU. A timeslot is identified by a pair of values {startTime, length}.

A REPORT message is a feedback mechanism used by an ONU to convey its local conditions (such as buffer occupancy) to the OLT to help the OLT make intelligent allocation decisions.

As specified in China Telecom EPON Specification V2.1/V3.0, the number of Queue Set and the threshold of each Queue can be configured by the OLT.The LLID is one of the key points in 10G EPON technology, it derives from preserving the existing Ethernet MAC operation defined in the IEEE 802.3 standard, the Logical Topology Emulation (LTE) function should reside below the MAC sublayer. Operation of this function relies on the tagging of Ethernet frames with tags unique for each ONU. These tags are called LLIDs and are placed in the preamble at the beginning of each frame. To guarantee uniqueness of the LLIDs, each ONU is assigned one or more tags by the OLT during the initial registration (auto-discovery) phase.

Forward Error CorrectionForward Error Correction (FEC) is used by the EPON MAC layer, which involves transmitting the data in an encoded format. The encoding introduces redundancy, which allows the decoder to detect and correct transmission errors.

In the 10G EPON system, the FEC is configurable and can be enabled forcibly for both the upstream and downstream direction of 10/10 Gb/s data rate per PON, and downstream of 1/10 Gb/s data rate per PON. The FEC is configurable for both the upstream and downstream direction of 1/1 Gb/s data rate per PON, and upstream of 1/10 Gb/s data rate per PON.

For further details, see chapter EPON Network Architecture.

Churning EncryptionThe churning encryption is to improve the security of the downstream data because the downstream traffic can easily be intercepted by malicious users.

The triple churning can be enabled/disabled per LLID on ISAM, and each LLID has the unique churning key, which is generated by the request of the OLT as defined by CCSA for 10G EPON.

OAMOperation, Administration and Management (OAM) is specified in the IEEE 802.3-2005 which provides network operators the ability to monitor the health of the network and quickly determine the location of failing links or fault conditions. This OAM described in this IEEE 802.3-2005 focuses on the data link layer.




Several extended OAMs have been implemented on ISAM to improve the management capability of the whole 10G EPON network, especially EPON ONU (for example, configuration management, fault management, performance management, security management and so on).



2.10 DPoE

DOCSIS provisioning of EPON is a set of Cable Television Laboratory specifications that implement the DOCSIS service layer interface on existing Ethernet PON (EPON or 10G EPON) Media Access Control (MAC) and Physical layer (PHY) standards accessed using a management interface. DOCSIS operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning functionality is implemented on existing EPON equipment to re-use existing DOCSIS Operations Support System Infrastructure (OSSI) causing the EPON OLT to act like a DOCSIS Cable Modem Termination Systems (CMTS) platform. The DPoE system supports the same IP (HSD) service capabilities as a CMTS, and also Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) services for the delivery of Ethernet services.

The Alcatel-Lucent DPoE implementation of ISAM is based on the following standards:

Cablelabs DPoE 1.0 specifications Architecture specification: DPoE-SP-ARCH v1.0-101-110225 OAM Extensions specification: DPoE-SP-OAM v1.0-105-130328 Physical Layer specification: DPoE-SP-PHY v1.0-103-130328 Security and Certificate specification: DPoE-SP-SEC v1.0-103-130328 IP Network Element requirements: DPoE-SP-IPNE v1.0-105-130328 MAC and Upper Layer Protocols requirements: DPoE-SP-MULPI

v1.0-105-130328 Metro Ethernet Forum specification: DPoE-SP-MEF v1.0-103-120830 Operations and Support System Interface specification: DPoE-SP-OSSI

v1.0-104-130328 Data-Over-Cable Service Interface 3.0 specifications

MAC and Upper Layer Protocols Interface specification: CM-SP-MULPI v3.0-I 17-111117

Layer 2 Virtual Private Networks: CM-SP-L2VPN-109-100611 Operations Support System Interface specification: CM-SP-OSSI v3.0-120-121113 Cablelabs DHCP Options registry: CL-SP-CANN-DHCP-Reg-109-120809

IEEE 803.ah-2004 (Amendment: Media access control parameters, physical layers and management parameters for subscriber access networks)


IEEE 802.1ad-2005 standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks Amendment 4: Provider Bridges, May 2006

Note Currently, only symmetric 1G EPON is supported.




2.11 Inverse multiplexing for ATM

Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA) is specified by ATM Forum Specification af-phy-0086.001.

ISAM 7360FX System Description for FD 100_320Gbps NT and FX NT

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