is VOLUME - Energy.gov...DCN 91.02 Correction of well location for low Alluvial thickness DCN 91.03...
Transcript of is VOLUME - Energy.gov...DCN 91.02 Correction of well location for low Alluvial thickness DCN 91.03...
(I) ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual No.: 5-21000-OPS-GT EMD OPERATING Procedure No.: Table of Contents, Rev 12
Effective Date: 12 /23 /9 1 Organization: Environmental Management
PROCEDURES MANUAL Page: 1 of 3
THIS IS ONE VOLUME OF A SIX VOLUME SET WHICH INCLUDES:
VOLUME I: FIELD OPERATIONS (FO) mis is @O VOLUME 11: GROUNDWATER (GW)
This is a WEB Stamp TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOR VOLUME 111: GEOTECHNICAL
Proc. - No.
0 GT.01
T i t le
Logging Alluvial and Bedrock Material
DCN 91.01 Recording lithologic descriptions and securing core boxes
DCN 91.02 Clarification of log approval for multi-use wells
GT.02 Drilling and Sampling Using Hollow Stem Auger Techniques
DCN 91.01 Unconsolidated core samples need not be peeled before sampling
DCN 91.02 Correction of well location for low Alluvial thickness
DCN 91.03 Ten foot long core barrels
GT.03 Isolating Bedrock from Alluvium with Grouted Surface Casing
DCN 91.01 Superseded by DCN 91.03
DCN 91.02 Grout procedure clarification
DCN 91.03 0 Change in criteria for cement grouting
R e v . !!!A
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Ef fect ive - Date
08/30/91
1111 5/91
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ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual No.: 5 -21 000-OPS-GT EMD OPERATING Procedure No.: Table of Contents, Rev 12
Effectlve Date: 1212319 1 Organlzatlon: Environmental Management
PROCEDURES MANUAL Page: 2 of 3
Proc. !!b
DCN 91.04
DCN 91.05
GT.04
DCN 91.01
DCN 91.02
DCN 91.03
DCN 91.04
GT.05
DCN 91.01
GT.06
DCN 91.01
DCN 91.02
DCN 91.03
DCN 91.04
DCN 91.05
DCN 91.06
DCN 91.07
DCN 91.08
0 DCN 91.09
Title
Depth of casing emplacement
Addition of Grout Ports
Rotary Drilling and Rock Coring
Core barrel decontamination
Clarification of measuring tape decontamination requirements ,
Superseded by DCN 91.04
Clarification of the use of super gel-x
Plugging and Abandonment of Boreholes
Surface casing classification
Monitoring Wells and Piezometer Installation
Industry Standard is 1 foot into Bedrock
For the Sitewide Program, Claystone Smearing does not seem to be a problem
Superseded by DCN 91.06
Low Alluvial thickness wells
Superseded by DCN 91.08
Change in filter pack guidance
Decontamination for site-wide geological chracterization
Figure replacement (GT.6-1)
Sampling with center bit drilling
Rev. Ef fect ive I No.
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1 012219 1
1 0/29/9 1
12/03/91
1211 7/91
08/30/9 1
10/22/91
08/30/9 1
1011 5/91
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1 1 /08/91
11/06/91
11/06/91
1 1 /08/9 1
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11/15/91
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@ ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual No.: 5-21 000-OPS-GT EMD OPERATING Procedure No.: Table of Contents, Rev 12 PROCEDURES MANUAL Page: 3 of 3
Effective Date: 12 /23 /91 Organ lzatlon: Environmental Management
Proc. NsL
GT.07
GT.08
DCN 91.01
Tit le Rev. Effect l ve - No. Date
Logging and Sampling of Test Pits and Trenches 1
Surface Soil Sampling 1
Clarification supplementation of GT.08 - Surface Soil Sampling
GT.09 Soil Gas Sampling and Field Analysis
GT.10 Borehole Clearing
GT.11
GT. 15
DCN 91.01
GT.17
GT.18
GT. 19
GT.20
GT.21
Plugging and Abandonment of Wells
Geophysical Borehole Logging
No Hole will be left Unlogged at the end of the day
Land Surveying
Surface Geophysical Surveys
Field Gas Chromatographs
Procedures for Soil Interstitial Water Sampling and Sampler Installation
Cone Penetrometer Testing
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08/30/91
08/30/91
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CONE PENETROMETER TESTING
EG&G ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual: 5-21000-OPS EMD MANUAL OPERATION SOP Procedure No.: GT21, Rev. 0
Page: 1 of 13 Effective Date: December 20,1991
Category 2 Organization: Environmental Management
TITLE: CONE PENETROMETER TESTING
1.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3.0 RESPONSIBILITIES AND QUALIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4.0 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4.1 SOURCE REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4.2 INTERNAL REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5.0 TESTING PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5.2 EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.3 CPTPROBEANDRIG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.4 PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.5 CALIBRATION AND CHECKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.0 DECONTAMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7.0 DOCUMENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE GT.21-1 TYPICAL DATA FROM THE CONE PENETROMETER . . . . . . . . . . . 5 FIGURE GT.21-2 ELECTRIC CONE PENETROMETER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
CONE PENETROMETER TESTING
EG&G ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual: 5 -2 1000-0 PS EMD MANUAL, OPERATION SOP Procedure No.: GT.21, Rev. 0
Page: 2 of 13 Effective Date: December 20,1991
Category 2 Organization: Environmental Management
2.0
3.0
4.0
4.1
PURPOSE AND SCOPE
This standard operating procedure (SOP) describes procedures that will be used at the Rocky
Flats Plant (RFP) to conduct cone penetrometer testing (CPT). This SOP describes personnel
responsibilities and qualifications, testing equipment and procedures, and documentation
requirements.
RESPONSIBILITIES AND QUALIFICATIONS
All personnel performing these proccdurcs are rcquired to have the appropriatc health and
safety training as specified in the site-specific Health and Safety Plan. In addition, all personnel
are required to have a complete understanding of the procedures described within this SOP and
receive specific training regarding these procedures before CPT begins.
Personnel performing CPT must be highly trained individuals who understand the test
characteristics and geology in which they are testing. Field managers will have had previous
Geld experience performing CPT.
REFERENCES
SOURCE REFERENCES
The following is a list of references reviewed prior to the writing of this procedure:
A Compendium of Superfund Field Operations Met hods. EPA/S40/P-87/001. December 1987.
Guidelines For Cone Penetration Test. U. S. Department of Transportation. July 1978.
CONE PENETROMETER TESTING
EG&G ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual: EMD MANUAL OPERATION SOP Procedure No.:
Page: Effective Date.
Category 2 Organization:
5-2 1000-OPS GT21, Rev. 0
3 of 13 December 20,1991
Environmental Management
4.2
5.0
5.1
Meigh, A. C. Cone Penetration Testing (Methods and Interpretation) . Construction Industry
Research and Information Association (CIRLA). 1987.
Penetration TestinP. Institution of Civil Engineers. 1989.
Robertson, P. K. and Campanella, R. G. Guidelines For Use & Internretation of the Electric
Cone Penetration Test. Hogentogler & Company, Inc. Septembcr 1984.
INTERNAL REFERENCES
Related SOPS cross-referenced by this SOP are as follows:
0 SOP F0.3, General Equipment Decontamination
SOP F0.4, Heavy Equipment Decontamination.
SOP F0.15, Photoionization Detectors (PIDs) and Flame Ionization Detectors
0
0
(FIDs) 0 SOP GT.17, Land Surveying
0 SOP GT.22, In-Situ Sampling with BAT System
TESTING PROCEDURES
GENERAL
CPT provides a way to rapidly measure soil parameters such as bearing, friction, and pore
pressure (if a piezometric CPT is used). Electric cone penetrometers have built-in sensors
(usually strain gauges) at the tip and sides (sleeve) of the probe that measure penetration
resistance and side friction of soils. Typically, tip penetration resistance and sleeve friction are
different for clayey soils when compared to granular soils. This makes CPT useful for
CONE PENETROMETER TESTING
EG&G ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual: EMD MANUAL OPERATION SOP Procedure No.:
Page: Effective Date:
Category 2 Organization:
5-21000-OPS GT.21, Rev. 0
4 of 13 December 20,1991
Environmental Management
identifying sands and gravels versus clays and silts. See Figure GT.21-1 for an example of a
CPT log. Four important uses of the CPT data are:
. To identify soils and evaluate subsurface soil profiles
To interpolate subsurface conditions between control boreholes
To evaluate soil parameters (Le., shear strength, etc.)
0
.
. To measure soil moisture content
A special rig is used to hydraulically push the CPT tool into the subsurface. Segments of rod
are added as the probe is advanced at a constant rate of 0.6-1.0 inches (1.5-2.5 cm) per second.
Continuous measurements of the penetration tip resistance and sleeve friction are recorded.
These data are transferred through an electrical cable, connected to the CPT probe, to a
computerized data acquisition system in the rig. Typically, data is recorded at approximately
every 0.4-0.8 inches (1-2 cm) of penetration. The collected data can then be interpreted to
provide information on the engineering characterization of the subsurface soils.
CPT may not be succcssful in soil that contains cobbles, boulders, rock, or other debris. These
materials may damage the cone penetrometer (CP) probe or make it impossible for it to
penetrate into the material. Sites will be evaluated for these conditions before testing begins to
determine if CPT is appropriate. In addition, many projects require conventional borings to
supplement CPT.
The following sections give details on equipment and procedures for CPT along with
documentation requirements. During CPT, thc appropriate personal protective equipment
(PPE) as specified in the site-specific Health and Safety Plan will be worn at all times.
5 -2 1000-0 PS GT21, Rev. 0
5 of 13 December 20,1991
Environmental Management
Pressure Computed from Water Table
FIGURE GT.21-1 TYPICAL DATA FROM THE CONE PENETROMETER
FROM: Applied Research Associates, Inc.
(401 I - s W o o W s o o ) ( C E ~ Z l ) ( 12/18/91)
CONE PENETROMETER TESTING
EG&G ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual: EMD MANUAL OPERATION SOP Procedure No.:
Page: Effective Date:
Category 2 Organization:
5-21OOO-OPS GT.21, Rev. 0
6 of 13 December 20,1991
Environmental Management
5.2 EQUIPMENT
The following is a list of equipment that will be needed for cone penetrometer testing:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Rig equipped for CPT
CPT rods
CPT electric probe
High-pressure stcamer/sprayer
Long-handled bristle brushes
Wash and rinse tubs
Phosphate-free lab-gradc detergent (c.g., Liquinox)
Distilled water
Plastic sheeting
Sample locations (map and/or list)
Appropriate health and safety equipment
Log book
5 3 CPT PROBE AND RIG
The CPT probe is composed of a 1.4 inch-1.8 inch (3.6 cm-4.6 cm) diameter probe with a
conical point. Most CP probes are 1.4 inches (3.6 cm) in diameter. Typically, electric cone
penetrometers have strain gauges that measure penetration resistance and side friction of soils.
The continuous data from the strain gauges is transferred electronically through a cable,
connected to the probe, to a computerized data acquisition system in the CPT rig. See Figure
GT.21-2 for a schematic diagram of an electric CP.
e (401 I ~ ~ ) ( G ~ . 2 1 ) ( 1 2 / 1 8 / 9 1 )
a
Electric Cone Penetrometer 5-21000-OPS GT.21, Rev. 0
7of 13 December 20,1991
Environmental Management -Electric Cable
+Push Rod
+Friction Reducer
Porous Element (Optioi
H 1.4 - 1.8 in.
(3.6 - 4.6 cm)
Figure GT.2 1-2 (401 1-800-0052-900)(Figure GT.21-2)(12/18/91)
nal)
NOT TO SCALE
CONE PENETROMETER TESTING
EG&G ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual: EMD MANUAL OPERATION SOP Procedure No.:
Page: Effective Date:
Category 2 Organization:
5-2 1000-OPS GT.21, Rev. 0
8 of 13 December 20,1991
Environmental Management
A friction reducer or coupling is usually placed approximately 1.0 ft-3.3 ft (30 cm-100 cm)
behind the cone tip (see Figure GT.21-2). The purpose of the friction reducer is to increase the
hole diameter in order to reduce soil contact against the cone rods. This makes the CP easier
to push into the subsurface. Typically, a 2-inch long steel tube is welded (and chamfered to
30") over the cone rod as a friction reducer.
CPT rods used to hydraulically push the CPT probe into the subsurface are made of high-tensile
steel with special tapered threads. They are usually 1.4 in (3.6 cm) outside diameter and 0.6
inches (1.6 cm) inside diameter. A.standard push rod is 3.3 ft (1 m) in length. Rods smaller in
diameter than the cone base may be used, but there must be a minimum length of 39 inches (1
m) of rod immediately above the cone that is the same diameter as the cone (see Figure GT.21-
1).
Rigs outfitted with a hydraulic jacking system are utilized to push the cone penetrometer into
the subsurface. The rigs are usually specially built, but an anchored drill rig or trailer-mounted
setup can also be used. There are light, medium, and heavy rigs depending on the thrust
required. This SOP addresses CPT with medium and heavy rigs. The CPT rigs are often
mounted in heavy duty trucks that are ballasted to a total dead weight of approximately 15
metric tons (150 kN). Screw anchors arc then utilized to develop the extra reaction to reach the
maximum thrust of approximately 20 metric tons (200 kN), if needed. The rigs are usually
separated into push and data acquisition workspaces.
5.4 PROCEDURE
Before testing, sites will be located, numbered, and identified using stakes (or spray paint on
paved surfaces). Refer to SOP GT.17, Land Surveying, for more information regarding site
location procedures.
(401 l - s O O ~ ) ( G E ~ C H . 2 1 ) ( 1 2 / 1 B / 9 l )
CONE PENETROMETER TESTING
EG&G ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual: 5-21000-OPS EMD MANUAL OPERATION SOP Procedure No.: GT.21, Rev. 0
Page: 9 of 13 Effective Date: December 20,1991
Category 2 Organization: Environmental Management
After test sites have been located, an exclusion zone will be established according to the project
Health and Safety Plan, and the CPT rig will be set up. The procedure for conducting CPT at a
specific location is as follows:
1. Decontaminate the rig and downhole equipment. See SOP F0.3, General
Equipment Decontamination, and SOP F0.4, Heavy Equipment
Decontamination for specific details regarding decontamination.
2. Set up the rig to obtain a thrust direction as close to vertical as possible. The
maximum acceptable deviation from vertical is 2%.
3. Advance the CPT probe and add CPT rods connected hand-tight as the probe
advances. The electrical cable used to transfer data to the surface will be
continuous, and it will be prethreaded through the push rods before the test
begins.
4. Monitor the breathing zone of the CPT rig for volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) during testing. See SOP F0.15, Photoionization Detectors (PIDs) and
Flame Ionization Detectors (FIDs), for more information regarding the use of
monitoring instruments.
5. Check the computer data acquisition system bcfore CPT begins and also during
testing to ensure that it is working properly.
6. Advance the hole at a continuous rate of 0.6-1.0 inches (1.5-2.5 cm) per second
to the desired depth.
(4011-eocMooawo)(GEUIECH.21)(12/18/91) I
CONE PENETROMETER TESTING
EG&G ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual: EMD MANUAL OPERATION SOP Procedure No.:
Page: Effective Date:
Category 2 Organization:
5-2 1OOO-OPS GT.21, Rev. 0
10 of 13 December 20,1991
Environmental Management
7. Record the appropriate readings/measurements at every 0.4-0.8 inches (1-2 cm)
of penetration using the computer data acquisition system (Note: readings
should be taken at regular intervals, and the interval between readings shall
never exceed 7.9 inches or 20 cm).
8. Review and evaluate field plot(s) of tip/slccve resistance Lo cnsurc data quality.
9. When the test is complete, pull the CPT out of thc subsurface. I f the rig is
equipped for it, the hole will be grouted from the bottom as the rods are
withdrawn.
10. If the rig is not equipped to grout up the hole, screen the opcn hole for volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) after the CP has been pulled out of the ground.
See SOP F0.15 for more information regarding the use of monitoring
equipment.
11. Grout the hole up if it has not already bcen complctcd by t h c rig. PVC pipe
may be used if the hole did not collapse. I f the hole collapsed, hollow CPT
rods and a sacrificial tip will be used. Thc PVC pipe or CPT rods will be
pushed to the bottom of the hole. Grout will then be pumped to the bottom of
the hole as the CPT rods or PVC pipe arc withdrawn.
If CPT testing is used at landfill sites or other sites where heavy debris (Le., concrete, wood,
etc.) may be present, special care will be taken. Readings will be monitored closely as the CP is
pushed into the ground in order to recognize debris. If dcbris is encountcred, the CP will be
pulled out of the ground, and the hole will be grouted up. The CP system will then be offset
(See Section 5.5 for minimum offset distances), and a new site will be tested. This procedure
will be repeated until the desired depth is reached.
( 4 0 1 1 - ~ ) ( G E o T E C H 2 1 ) ( 12/18/91)
CONE PENETROMETER TESTING
EG&G ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual: 5-2 1OOO-OPS EMD MANUAL OPERATION SOP Procedure No.: GT.21, Rev. 0
Page: 11 of 13 Effective Date: December 20,1991
Category 2 Organization: Environmental Management
If lubricants are required for down-hole equipment, only pure vegetable oil will be used. If gas
and/or liquid samples are to be taken, the sampling procedures will be carried out according to
SOP GT.22, In Situ Sampling With BAT System.
The thrust used for CPT testing is approximately 10-20 metric tons (100 kN-200 kN). In soft
soils, however, a thrust as low as 2 metric tons (20 kN) may be sufficient. The test rods may
buckle if a thrust of greater than 20 metric tons (200 kN) is applied. Generally, in most
uncemented soils, a thrust capacity of 10 metric tons (100 kN) will handlc more than 90% of
CPT to 98 feet (30 m) depth.
5.5 CALIBRATION AND CHECKS
The CPT probe will be checked before a test begins and between test holes to ensure that its
dimensions and surface roughness are within acceptable limits. The test system will also be
calibrated as needed, and the calibration will be documented. Specifically, the load cells will be
calibrated according to manufacturer specifications and industry standards at least every three
months.
Before performing CPT, the straightncss of the push rods will be checked. The bottom five
push rods will be particularly checked by rotating them to see if they wobble. I f a wobble is
noticeable, the push rod(s) will not be used.
CPT will not be performed within 3.3 fl (1 m) of an existing CPT sitc. In addition. CPT will not be performed within 10 ft (3 m) of an uncased or unfilled borehole.
( 4 0 l l s o o o o W ~ ) ( G E ~ l i . Z l ) ( l Z / 18/91) ~
CONE PENETROMETER TESTING
EG&G ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual: 5-2 1OOO-OPS EMD MANUAL OPERATION SOP Procedure No.: GT21, Rev. 0
Page: 12 of 13 Effective Date: December 20,1991
Category 2 Organization: Environmental Management
6.0 DECONTAMINATION
All equipment including the rig, probe, rods, etc. will be decontaminated before arrival at thc
work site. Between test holes, all down-hole equipment will be decontaminated.
Decontaminated equipment will be placed on new plastic or racks until it is used. CPT rigs will
be decontaminated when moved out of a work area or when they become unusually dirty as a
result of site or testing conditions, at the discretion of the site or project manager. Scc SOP
F0.3, General Equipment Dccontarnination, and SOP F0.4, Heavy Equipment
Decontamination, for specific details regarding decontamination.
7.0 DOCUMENTATION
All information required by this SOP will be documented on the Cone Penetrometer Testing
Form (Form GT.2lA) and/or the CPT log. The Cone Penetrometer Testing Form will be filled
out for each day of testing at a given location and, in situations where more than one test hole is
completed per day per rig, at least one form will bc completed per test hole. The Cone
Penetrometer Testing Form will include the following information and have space for comments
and documentation of general observations:
Project name and number
Date
Site location/idcnti~cation and coordinates
Weather
Testing company and personnel
Equipment descriptions (i-c., rig, probes, etc.)
Environmental monitoring results
Grouting details
End-of-day status (i.e., partially complete, complete, etc.)
CONE PENETROMETER TESTING
EG&G ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual: 5-21000-OPS EMD MANUAL OPERATION SOP Procedure No.: GT21, Rev. 0
Page: 13 of 13 Effective Date: December 20,1991
Category 2 Organization: Environmental Management
e Comments/observations ~
Any additional comments and/or observations will be recorded with black permanent ink in a
bound log book with consecutively numbered pages.
All final CPT logs should have headers. At a minimum, the header should include the following
information:
e Project name and’ number
e Site location/identiGcation
e Elevation and depth rcferencc
Testing company and operator
e Equipment information
e Total depth
e Date
I , U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ROCKY FLATS PLANT FORM GT3W
CONE PENETROMETER TESTING FORM
Project Number: Date:
Project Name:
Site Location/Identifrcation:
Coordinates: North (Y) East (X)
Weat her Conditions:
Testing Company:
Testing Team Leader:
Testing Team Member:
Testing Team Member:
Rig Type:
Cone Type and Size:
Total Depth:
Grouting Details:
End-of-Day Status:
HIGHEST ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING RESULTS
Organic Vapors: Valuc Units lnslrumcnl Urcd
Comments:
Completed By:
Contractor:
Print Name Date Signature
(401 l-~)(GEoTECH21)(12/18/91)