IS SUSTAINABILITY MEASURABLE? The sustainability ... · IS SUSTAINABILITY MEASURABLE? The...

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IS SUSTAINABILITY MEASURABLE? The sustainability dimensions and AnteriorPróximo MARIA AMÉLIA ENRÍQUEZ The sustainability dimensions and mining

Transcript of IS SUSTAINABILITY MEASURABLE? The sustainability ... · IS SUSTAINABILITY MEASURABLE? The...

Page 1: IS SUSTAINABILITY MEASURABLE? The sustainability ... · IS SUSTAINABILITY MEASURABLE? The sustainability dimensions and AnteriorPróximo MARIA AMÉLIA ENRÍQUEZ mining. Key Topics

IS SUSTAINABILITY MEASURABLE?The sustainability dimensions and

AnteriorPróximo

MARIA AMÉLIA ENRÍQUEZ

The sustainability dimensions and mining

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Key Topics

1. The Sustainability Dimensions (Rio +20) – the future we want and its trade-offstrade-offs

2. The challenge of a sustainable mining

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The various faces of sustainability (Rio + 20)

Economicdevelopment

Povertyerradication

• Interdependence• Simultaneous

SustainableDevelopment

Social inclusion

Goodgovernance

Environmental Sustainability

• Simultaneous achievement

• complementarity

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Trade-offs

� Economic growth x environmental degradation

� Environmental preservation x poverty

� Rent access x poor governance

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Population Growth ScenarioCountries (by income level ): GDP, GDP per capita and

population, 2010 e 2050 (forecast)

Countries

(income level)

(US$ tri)

% GDP

2009

Income per

capita medium

(US$ 1000)

% pop. global

2011 - 7 bi

%´pop. global

2050 - 9 bi

Higt 30.000 -3 27 18 (1,2 bi) 14 (1,3 bi)

Medium 9.000 7 2 70 (5,0 bi) 68 (6,1 bi)

Low 300 5 0,3 12 (0,8 bi) 18 (1,6 bi)

*Adjusted net national income (Constant 2000 US$)Source databank.worldbank.org and population division of Department of Economics and Social Affairs of United Nations

• G4 (China, India, Brazil and South Africa), account for 65% of world population, 72% of farms and 22% of agricultural production

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Crescimento do PIB acumulado 2002-2010 (%)

Sudamerica

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Steel Steel ConsumptionConsumption (Mt(Mt))

Source: Preparing for the future, AJM 13th Global Iron Ore & Steel Forecast Conference

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Global Mining Commodities Prices Index

240

290

40

90

140

190

May

198

6ja

n/87

Sep 1

987

May

198

8ja

n/89

Sep 1

989

May

199

0ja

n/91

Sep 1

991

May

199

2ja

n/93

Sep 1

993

May

199

4ja

n/95

Sep 1

995

May

199

6ja

n/97

Sep 1

997

May

199

8ja

n/99

Sep 1

999

May

200

0ja

n/01

Sep 2

001

May

200

2ja

n/03

Sep 2

003

May

200

4ja

n/05

Sep 2

005

May

200

6ja

n/07

Sep 2

007

May

200

8ja

n/09

Sep 2

009

May

201

0ja

n/11

Metals Index prices – May 1986 to May 2011 (2005=100)

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The main economic goals

ConventionalEconomy

EcocologicalEconomic

Resources allocation(EFICIENCY)

1ª priority3ª priority – afterachieve the 2 priorities(EFICIENCY) achieve the 2 priorities

Wealth distribution(JUSTICE)

No priority – the marketsolve

2ª priority –socialjustice (policy decision)

Resources use scale(SUSTAINABILITY)

No relevance - themarket solve

1ª priority – sustainablesclae (policy decision)

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Three main ecological-economic goal

� SCALEDefinition of sustainable scale is political. Should be a priority and precede the other. Should consider the limiting factors of development.

� JUSTICEBenefits share of economic prosperity, but if it is unjust and unsustainable scale, the market (allocative efficiency) do not have to settle, only reinforces the current status

� EFFICIENCYEfficient allocation ensures reduction in intensity and increase in resource productivity, but does not guarantee sustainability nor distributive justice

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Y=f(K,L)

Scale of the

resources use

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Daly →“full world” e “empty world”

� In the "empty world" was consistent think that nature does not represent limitations to growth and that the represent limitations to growth and that the capital was a limiting factor

� In the "full world" the limiting factor is the natural capital (natural resources and ecosystem services)

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Peak minerals

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Juruti ↑Curionópolis ↓Dom Eliseu ↓

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Parauapebas ↑Óbidos = São João do Araguaia =

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Paragominas ↑Ulianópolis = Parauapebas ↑Canaã ↑

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Ôbidos, Terra Santa ↓Itupiranga, Eldorado ↓ Parauapebas ↑Paragominas ↑ Ulianópolis ↓

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� Em nível de Estado, a mineração gera pouco emprego direto e tributo – desproporcional à sua importância nacional e global

� Concentra benefícios no município minerador –“efeito imã” “efeito imã”

� Não consegue irradiar para seus entornos os mesmos benefícios, ao contrário, expulsa os fatores indesejáveis – “efeito banimento”

� A consequência é o aumento da desigualdade intermunicipal, o que afeta negativamente os objetivos de desenvolvimento regional .

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Resources Based EconomiesTipology (Enríquez 2012)

Rent seeking

tipfall

MINERAL RENT ACCESS

+Mobilization of the productive forces for development

Progressive route to

underdevelpmentStructural limits to

add value

PRODUCTIVE

DIVRSIFICATION-

IV

+III

I

II

_

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Obrigada pela atenção!!!Gracias!!!

Thanks a lot!!!

MARIA AMÉLIA ENRÍ[email protected]

[email protected]