Kingdomplantae

Adaptations

waxy cuticle prevents H2o loss

Stoma Pore like cells for gas exchange 88

Seeds Allow for offspring to germinate in good conditions

fascular Tissues Allows H2O nutrient transport

Non Vascular Plants

No vascular tissueslimits plant heightTransport H2o nutrients through diffusionReproduce with spores not seedsHave root like rhizoidNeed H2o to reproduce

i is ii i i.nfcain i aforms Most primitive sporophyte lookssporophyte

a

gsporophfyte Either leafy or

like a spikefor thatlose Slime calledT

gametophyte Mucilage thathouses cyanobacter

Seedless Vascular Plants

vascular tissues Sporophyte dominant

Reproduce with spore

Many have a storage stem called a rhizome

Division Lycophyta Division Pterophytaclub mosses

ferns

is sfII

te

i ermhold spores

Horsetails

form a strobe to hold

spores

Vascularseedplantsseedsvascular tissue

cotyledons nutrient source for seed

Monocot I cotyledon

Dicot 2 Cotyledons

GymnospermsConebearingplantsconiferophytaGingkophytacycadophytaCnetophyta

AngiosperarfloweringplantslmakefriAnthophyta

Sporophyte dominant

Annual 1 year lifespan

Biennial 2a

Perennial Many a a

Plant tissues Cells

Transport Protection GrowthG dt Lilavati Dermatitis M ue

Epidermis

i t f i i isclerenchyma Phloem roothairs Increases shoot thickness

SupportSugar transportTranslocation Vascularcambium

Cork cambiumIntercalary cambium

Roots Stems Leaves

RootsUptake of H2oAnchor the plant

Root cell layers EpidermisI

cortex

Endodermist

Casparian stripFilter for incomingwater

Fibrous Root System mmmm Taproot system fmm

pshallow network of roots 1 main rootwet conditions

Dry conditions

Pneumatophoreroots grow out of ground

AdventitiousRoot grow out of

the Stem

StearsTransportElevates the leaves

storage

ModifiedsTuber Food storage

bulbs food storagecorm

u n

runner Reprodrhizome Reprodfoodstorage

Leavey

I'tieBlade

Petiole

cellsttissvesfoundinleo.veMesophyll Photosynthetic cellPalisade BDSpongy o

stomataCuticleVascular tissues

PlantreproductionSporophyte2T I

release sporesFertilization

G In JGa tophyte

structures

sporangium MossSuri fernsStrobilus dubm.gs horsefays

Make store spores

seed Plants

8Microspore Megaspore

pollen grainscontainssperm

Ei

Doublefertilization2 sperm cells fertilize egg

1 Fertilizes egg1 fertilizes food supply

Antheridia ArchegoniaProduces spermcells Produces egg cells

YegetativeReproductProducing a clone of parent with a piece of the parent

FastIdentical genes

photoperiodcritical period amount of light

needed to start Flowering

Long day plantsshort u u

Intermediate a u

Day neutral plants

Germination

f hypocotylHater heat Toe

Seed coat splitsf radicle

First root emerges radicle

first shoot hypocotyl