Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 6559 (1972): Code of practice for ante-mortem andpost-mortem inspection for poultry [FAD 18: Slaughter Houseand Meat Industry]

~ IS: 6559.1972

Indian StandardCODE OF PRACTICE FOR

ANTE-MORTEM AND POST-MORTEMINSPECTION OF POULTRY

( First Reprint AUGUST 1982 )

J5i'

@ Copyright )972.INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION.MA~AK BHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

~'."'. -" 1,',,', '.' NEW DELIII 110002.... ~ ... ~ r_r ..... ;." .' '. "

August 1972

IS r 6559-1972

Indian StandardCODE OF PRACTICE FOR

ANTE-MORTEM AND POST-MORTEMINSPECTION OF POULTRY

Meat and Meat Products Sectional Committee, AFDC 18

CMinu"Da C. M. 8U1aB """"-'Indian Veterinary Re.eareb IDititute, I_taapr

Central Dairy Farm. Aligarb

Central Food Tecbnological Research Institute(aSIR), lvl~r~

Da M. N. MOOaJAXJ ( ~tmul" )801 B. C. MAL.OftA State TradiDI CorporatioD of India Limited. New

DelhiSn! R. K. T.nI.& ( Al'",..'. )

CBAlaKA.. T. C • If 10" LS7...DAaDIZA'rIOlC eoMMI'rI'JtK( POOD.TUrn )

SaoBnA.Y. TSC (F) (..4IImJD'.)0. A. K. CBA~.. Ministry of Agriculture ( Department ofAgriculture)

SOl K. C. ~ Metal Box Co of India Limited. CalcuttaDa S. C. CSAJUlAYOJ\TY (AlltmQ" ) .

5••• MAJID K. GoYL,& Eatex Farm. Private Limited. New Delhi8..1 Aat11l K. GoYLS ( A'lmUJu)

S... 1l. N. GtJftA CoDtiDental Exports, New DelhiHIlAL~. OI7lOSB Corporation of Madras

VIrl'llaIKAay O,.no•• ( AI,.,.." )Da D. M. K.... Government Bacon Factory, Bombay

Zo••L HSALTJI Onloml (AI'"MtI )Os 8. S. KRIB••• MURTHY RePonal Bacon Factory, GUDavaram

S.al D. B. P. CSA.!fDaA-.KeBAB. R.1.0 (~luruu)

D. N. L. LA_my

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Da B. PARD. ( .41,.".." toDr C. M. Singh )

D. V. S. Aft••••SaRI K. S. BIIT ( Alkm4u )

Da S. K. BABAT Central Leather Research Institute ( CSIR ), MadrasDa S. DIVAJ[ABAlf ( AllmttJ/, )

Bal8 BBI" CBAlfDRA Directorate of RemoUDt Veterinary Services, ArmyHeadquarten

MAl H. S. DBI.B. ( AI,,,,atltl )S..I D. S. C.ADBA Central Committee for Food Standards (Ministry of

Health &. Family Planning)Ministry or Agriculture ( Department of Food )

( CMti'"ud O. pill' 2 )

INDIAN' ITANDARDS INSTITUTIONYANA& BRAVAN. 9 BAHADUR. SHAH ZAFAll MARC

NEW DELHI 110002

IS: 6559 • 1972

( G'ontinrud from pa" 1)

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~1unicipa1 Corporation of Delhi

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MUNICIPAL HFAJ.TB OJ'J'lCZKZON AL HEALTH OI'JlICB"

( HQ ) ( AlIe,,,all )SaRI V. N..t.GARAJU Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute

(CSIR ), DurgapurSHIll S. RAMASWAMY Accelerated Freeze Drying Factory, Tundla

88Rl T. N. R.WAL (Al'''''ClII)SB1l1 S. RAIIASWAMY Directorate General of Technical Development

( Ministry of Industrial Development )Da M. RANQ£1CATBA.lIf Madr.. Veterinary College, Madras

Da R. RAMAIlt1aTllI ( .AII""II" )SRltl N. K. MUBALJDHAa.. R.o Directorate of Marketing & Inspection (Ministry of

Agriculture), FaridabadSURJ S. JA'YABAIlAN ( .AltmatJl, ) .

CoL M. C. S••YAL Quartermaster General's Branch, Army Headquarter.LT-CoL o. P. KA.UR ( AltmttlU )

D. T. R.SHARKA Defence Food Research Laboratory, MysoreSUB! S. B.KADKOL ( Altmud,)

DR HABI B"AGWAN, Director General lSI ( &-ojJi&io Mnnb" )Deputy Director ( Aari & Food)

Slmtary

SBRI MANORA. T. SANTWANI

Auiatant Director (Agri cl Food), lSI

Poultry Products Subcommittee, AFDC 18: 9

Conv"",

Da B. PANDA Indian Veterinary Research Inltitute, Jzamapr

MnMlrs

B&IO BBII CHAND."

SSlU JAODJIB MrrTARDR K. KUMARABWAlilDB H.K. LALL

Directorate of Remount Veterinary Services, ArmyHeadquarten ~

MAJ H. S. DBINI... ( .411"".11 )SHIU M. A. H.LUJI Central food TecbDololical Rflearch IDilitute

(CSIR ), MysorePoultry Dreuinl Plant, ChandiprhMadra. \leterina ry CoUe,e, MadruDirectorate of Animal HUlbandry and Veterinary

Services, Government of Uttar Pradeah, LuekDowDR B. P. Vu.£ ( .4ltmM,,)

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Aaricuhun), Farid&badSRIlI S.J,.y ....£. (AI"""'" )

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2

AMENDMENT NO. 1 JULY 1989TO

IS : 6559 - 1972 CODE OF PRACTICE FORANTE-MORTEM AND POST-MORTEM

INSPECTION OF POULTRY

( Page 4, clause 2.9 ) - Substitute the folJowing for the existing clause:

f Poultry - Includes chicken, duck, turkeys, guinea fowl and quail.'

( Page 4, clause 3.4, line 1 ) - Insert the words 'head gear' after thewords 'gum boots'.

( Page 6, clause 4.4 ) - Insert the following after the existing matter:

'The meat inspector shall use gum boots, head gear, protective clothingand hand gloves ?ile inspecting.'

(AFDC 18)

Printed at Printwel1 Printers, Delhi, India

D.I559·1972

Indian StandardCODE OF PRACTICE FOR

ANTE-MORTEM AND POST-MORTEMINSPECTION OF POULTRY

o. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institutionon 30 May 1972, after the draft finalized by the Meat and Meat ProductsSectional Committee had been approved by the Agricultural and FoodProducts Division Council.

0.2 Proper ante-mortem inspection of all poultry is essential to ensurethat they are not affected with any disease or other condition which mayrender the flesh unwholesome. Post-mortem inspection is essential todetect poultry which may be diseased and thereby rendered unfit forhuman consumption. At present there is no uniform procedure for ante­mortem and post-mortem examination of poultry on an all-India basis.The formulation of this standard, will therefore, meet the need for auniform procedure for the country.

0.3 In the formulation of this standard, Indian Veterinarv ResearchInstitute, Izatnagar and the Madras Veterinary College, Madras havebeen of considerable help.

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard prescribes the procedure for the ante-mortem and post­mortem inspection of poultry.

2. TERMINOLOGY

2.0 For the purpose of this standard the following definitions shanapply.

2.1 Carca•• - That part of the body of the poultry left after it hasbeen slaughtered. bled. defeathered and eviscerated.

2.2 Ceacleauaecl - C':arcalles, parts or organs so marked unfit for humanconsumption meant to be destroyed or rendered unfit for food purposes.

2.3 Dr...... PIaat - Any building. premise or place used in connectionwith business of holding, IJaughtering, dressing and chilling poultryintended (or human consumption.

IS-:655' .1972

2.4 Local AatlaorltJ - A local area which ia a municipality. municipalboard or municipal corporation; a cantonment, the cantonment authority; anotified area; the notified committee; and such authority of any otherlocal area as may be prescribed by the Central or State Government.

2.5 Meat - Flesh and other edible parts of a bird intended for humanconsumption.

2.6 Meat Ia.peetor - shall be a qualified veterinarian. In his absence,the medical officer of health or any other qualified officer vested withthe power to inspect and examine poultry and meat intended for humanconsumption.

2.7 Medical Officer of Health - Any duly qualified medical officer withpost-graduate qualification in public health.

2JI Packer - The person who eviscerates, chills and packs the poultry.

2.9 Poultry-Chicken, including broilers and fowl (hens and cocks).

2.10 Slaughter Han - The actual place in the dressing plant wherepoultry is slaughtered.

2.11 Slaugbtermaa-The person who slaughters poultry.

2.12 VeteriDariaD - An)' duly qualified veterinarian appointed oremployed to act in the capacity.

3. DUTIES OF SLAUGHTERMEN AND PACKERS

3.1 For effectively carrying out the provisions of this standard it. isnecessary that slaughtermen and packers should be trained personnel andshall be licensed. They shall be free from communicable diseases andmust undergo periodic medical check up.

3.2 The slaughtennen and packers shall be regularly protected againstsmall PO" lind enteric group of diseases by suitable vaccination.

3.3 The packers shall not hold the dressing/flaying knives in their mouthsor stick them into carcasses during operations. Suitable scabbard shouldbe provided for keeping knives when not in use.

3.4 The slaught.ermen and the packer. mould wear gum boot. andprotective dressing which are easily cleansible.

3.5 Evidence of disease in a carcass shall not be modified or obliterated bywashing, rubbing, stripping or in any other manner, except underthe direct supervision of the meat inspector and in accordance withhis instructions.

4

15,6559·1912

3.1 In no case shall the intestines and glands be stripped, except byor· under the direction of the meat inspector, and in any such case inwhich immediate stripping is necessary to preserve the marketability of thecarcass, the organs shall not be entirely detached from the carcass untilthe same have been examined by the meat inspector and he hasautboriaed detachment.

3.7 Notification of the intention to slaughter poultry for emergencyreasons shall be forwarded to the meat inspector, and so far as practi­cable, all such animals shall be examined at the time of slaughter. If notso examined, the carcass, with the whole of the viscera and all partsthereof attached thereto, shall be detained until examined by the meatinspector. .

3.7.1 In case where such poultry is examined at the time of slaughter,the meat inspector may require the carcass, the whole of the viscera andall parts thereof, unless obviously unfit for food, to be detained for 24 h incold storage thereafter to enable a later inspection.

3.7.2 All carcasses of such poultry as may subsequently be passed fit forhuman consumption shall be ribbed or quartered before being released.

3.8 Any instrument that has been used on a tuberculous carcass' or partsthereof, or on a carcass presenting lesions of other disease or suspected ofbeing diseased, shall not be used again until it has been boiled for half anhour in water containing 3 percent. by weight, of sodium carbonate, orsterilized by any other suitable means accepted for bacteriologicalsterilization. No cloth shall be used for wiping the carcasses.

3.9 Where the carcass bas not been examined by the meat inspector at thetime of slaughter, the whole of the viscera and parts and organs thereofshall be kept, pending inspection, in such a way as to enable them to beidentified, by labelling or otherwise, with the carcass from which theyhave been removed.3.10 No carcass or part thereof shall be removed, or so placed as toprevent itl ready identification, except with the authority of the meatinspector.3.11 The feathers and inedible offals shall be removed, from dressingplant as early as possible and should not be allowed to be piled up.

4. GENERAL DUTIES AND INSTRUCTIONS TO MEATINSPECTORS

4.1 The meat inspector Ihall enforce generaUy the regulations and provi­lions made in regard to the working of the dressing plant, which, inter alia,.hall include:

a) to attend the dressing plant during the hours fixed; ."b) to carry out the ante-mortem inspection of poultry according to the

procedure laid down in 5; .

35 g450 g

1363 ml1636 ml

IS: &559 ·1972

c) to carry .out the polf-mortem inspection according to theprocedure laid down in 6; " . ".

d) to keep a record of the number and kinds of poultry slaughteredalong with the number and kinds of carcass and parts and organscondemned on account of different diseases;

e) at the close of each day's work, to see that the dressing plants. under him are thoroughly cleaned and disinfected according to

the procedure specified in Appendix A and the condemned partsand organsduly destroyed and the offal removed to such places asmay be appointed by the local authority; and

f) to supervise handling and transportation of meat to reducecontamination. To periodically inspect the dressing plants forproper lighting, ventilation, drainage, water supply, flyproofing,cleanliness of floors, walls and implements and lairage accommo­dation.

4.2 The carcasses and viscera of all animals slaughtered should beinspected. This examination shall be methodical and as complete aspossible in all cases. All carcasses inspected and passed as fit for humanconsumption shall be clearly Itamped in several places giving the date ofinspection and the initials of the meat inspector.

4.3 Stamping lak - A solution containing 1 to 2 percent of fuchsine inacetic acid may be used. The fuchsine is dissolved in just enough aceticacid to bring about the solution and then glycerine is added to make upthe required quantity. Alternatively, ltampins ink prepared according tothe following formula may be used:

Methyl violetCane sugarEthyl alcoholWater

The sugar i. dissolved in water, the alcohol then added aDd finally themethyl violet. The solution is Itirred and allowed to ltand for 12 hbefore use•.

4.4 The meat inspector shall use knives, wipes and instruments keptspecially ~or examining carcanes and partl thereof.

.-.4.1 Knives and other instruments that have been used for cutting orexamining any diseased organ, gland or tillue, shaU not be used apin forany purpose until they have been disinfected in boiling water or othersuitable disinfectant. They Ibould also be cleaned and properly disinfectedat the end of each working ~y.

6

18 :6559·1972

4.5 The carcass of a bird that is free from disease, and the carcasses andorgans which are well nourished, shall be passed as fit for humanconsumption.

·4.6 When all glands and other parts unfit for human food have beenremoved from a carcass under the supervision of the meat inspector andcondemned, the carcass freed from these shall be passed as fit for humanconsumption.

4.7 If any abnormality is detected in any part of a carcass or in anyorgan, the whole carcass and all organs thereof shall be examined forevidence of any repetition of the local condition, or modification of thesame in other parts, according to the procedure outlined in 6.

5. ANTE.MORTEM INSPECTION

5.1 The poultry shall be subjected to ante-mortem inspection prior toslaughter. The ante-mortem inspection shall be made on the day of theslaughter.

5.2 The birds showing any clinical evidence of a disease or condition thatwould result in condemnation of the carcass on post-mortem examinationshould be tagged as condemned. Such birds shall be seur~gated from theother poultry and held for separate slaughter, eVisce~ation, and post­mortem inspection.

5.3 During inspection, the following details shall be noted:

a) Evidence of cruelty to poultry by overcrowding and suffocation,exposure to extremes of temperature and transport over longdistances without feed and water;

b) Disease symptoms which may affect the general health of thepoultry or deprecate the meat;

c) Presence of scheduled infectious and contagious diseases orsymptoms which may suggest that such disease is developing; and

d) Species, sex, age and body temperature.

5.4 Condemned poultry, if not already dead, shall bekilled in the casualtyroom only and shall not be conveyed into any department of the establish­ment used for edible products.

6. POST-MORTEM INSPECTION

U The instructions given in 6.1 and 6.2 indicate the order and the methodof inspection of all carcasses. As far as possible, the post-mortem inspec­tion .hall be conducted in the conditions simulating natural light,

7

IS :6559.1972

6.1 The body cavity of every bird shall be opened and the liver, spleen,proventriculus, crop and intestines shall be drawn out through the trans­verse .incisicn, in such a way that the organs should be still connected tothe body.

6.2 Every bird shall be subjected to outer and inner inspection.

6.2.1 Ou", Insp,ction - The outer inspection shall be carried outon the donal, lateral and ventral surfaces of the body, as well asthe head, tail, wings and legs.

6.2.1.1 Attention shall be specially directed towards tbe diseases like.. eczymatous 'diseases, wounds, lesions, staining, inadequate bleeding,haemorrhages in skin or in sub-cutaneous tissue or musculature, heavycontamination of intestinal contents, emaciation, fractures, muscularatrophy, presternal bursitis, joint and tendon sheath inflammation,abscesses and tumours; and conditions, which should determine segre­gation or condemnation of the bird.

6.2.1.2 The organs should be inspected for inflammatory processes orother pathological conditions which are occasionally seen on the surface ofthe crop due to the reasons like perforation by a foreign body, etc.

6.2.1.3 The connective tissue and the musculature on the medialsurface of the thigh should be inspected by exposing by an incision. Theseshould be" scrutluizod for major hncrnorrhages in the musculature, inflam­matory-like changes in the connective tissue (abscesses are common at thissite), or contamination through faecal matter or bile. Such contaminatedbirds shall be segregated, since, it shall not be possible to remove suchintestinal contents in the subsequent spin-chilling treatment.

6.2.2 Inn« Inspection - The inner inspection shall be carried out on theother abdominal and thoracic organs together with serous membranes andair sacs. Careful examination for an abnormal odour; or a collection ofblood, exudate or transudate in the body cavity should also be carried out.

. 6.2.3 Instructions Regtl'lding 'he Action to be T ak,n in thl Eoent of VnusDiseases ofB,o'~l~s - Except otherw~ recomm~nd';.d, the entire carcassesand all the pa~~nd organs of broilen affected wIth any of the diseasesgiven in 6.2.3.1 ~b 6.2.3.16, shall be disposed of as given in 6.3.

6.2.3.1 Chrtm;c ,u/Hralory tlisltU, (i"jlIImmalion ofiii'. SQ&S )

a) Acute inflammation of air sacs, or a serous to IerO-mucoUi depSton serous membrane and organs of body cavity. In addition, thebroilers may also have a sickly odour; and

b) If the disease is of an acute nature, characterized by fibrinouspericarditis, fibrinous perihepatitis and fibrinOUI MJrO-IaCCwitia, orin emaciated birds the diseue baa ....ulted ill· collection of pus

8

11.6559·1172

in" air sacs, on the serous membranes or on the surface of theorgans (peritonitis) J the carcass shall be condemned totally. Thecarcass may be passed after adequate cleaning where the acutesymptoms of inflammation have disappeared, and where thedisease present is in the fonn of healed (fibrous) pericarditis,fibrous deposits of connective tissues on the serous membranes,thickened membranes in air sacs, etc.

6.2.3.2 Salpingitis - When oviduct is filled with a more or less viscidmass of pUI. There may be other complications in the form of peri­salpingitis and peritonitis.

6.2.3.3 Inflammation ofjoint Gnd tendon sheath

a) A Rreater or smaller swelling of the joints is observed-namely thehock and toe joints and of the tendon sheaths as well of the bursepresternalis in infectious synovitis. The cause of the disease i.most often an infectious agent which belongs to the PPLO-group,but the disease can also be due to bacterial infections (StJlmonellll,Sldplrylococei and others); and

b) Condemn totally in acute cases and in chronic cases where thedisease has given rise to emaciation or the collection of a greyish.reddish or purulent fluid in the serous cavities. Where the diseaseappears only in the form of a thickening of the joints or of' thetendon sheath and where no abnormal collection of fluid is foundin the synovial space, the carcass may be passed after the affectedparts have been condemned, provided that the bird is wellnourished.

8.2.14 N""o~mphomGlosis

a) Nerve lesions and muscular atrophy are found occasionally inbroilers al compared to the conditions found in fully grown birds.The predominant symptom is lymphoma formation in the ovarywhile cell infiltration in other organs are more rare phenomena; ,

b) Where the patbo-anatomical lesions are pronounced or macro­scoplcally recognizable cell infiltrations in organs, the birds shouldbe totally condemned.

1.2.3.5~ (visurtdform) - In broilers, leukemia is met as cellinfiltration in the varioul organa.

1.2.1& Tarnows

a) In ,ease or loCal, non-malignant tumours in the skin, the carcassmay be pal.d after suitable removal of the affected ponion; and

,b) In the cue of tu~ur formation in organs, musculature. (lymphoma). etc, the entire carcass ahall be condemned.

·9

15":6559·1972

6.2.3.7 Enteritis ( including eoc,idwns)

a) Coccidiosis of the appen.dhf. and. small intestine is ~ommon.. Incoccidiosis of the appendix, occasionally a local or diffuse periton­itis is observed as the result of perforation in the abdominal cavity;and

b) In acute cases, with swollen and congested intestine as well as illchronic cases with diarrhoea, peritonitis, emaciation or abaonnalodour from the carcass, the entire carcass should be cond8nned.Otherwise, the carcass may be passed in chronic cases afterthe organs nave been condemned.

6.2.3.8 Hepatitis- Blackhead, an iDfective necrotising inflammation ofthe liver and appendix caused by Histomonas melMJgridis and occurringparticularly in turkeys is, however, occasionally seen in broilers. Theentire carcass shall, however, be condemned.

6.2.3.9 Presternal bursitis - In chronic cases, where only a slightthickening of the skin or of the wan of the bursa is found, thecarcass may be accepted. In cases where the inflammation has spread tothe surroundings and gives rise to pronounced changes in the subcutaneoustissue or the musculature (possibly in the formation of abscesses)the carcass shall be totally condemned. Otherwise, the carcass may bepassed after the affected pans have been condemned.

6.2.3.10 Abscesses

a) Occasional abscess formation on the medial aspect or the thjgh~

where the subcutaneous tissue is also usually the site of extensiveinflammatory-like changes; and

b) In abscess formation in the above region or at other aites, thequestion whether the carcass should be totally condemned orwhether the carcass should be approved after adequate cleaningmust depend on the nature and degree of patho-anatomicalchanges found.

6.2.3.11 HtJlmo"lulgu

a) The haemorrhagic syndrome may be seen in particular in the caseof sulpa poisoning. Sulpha poisoned chickens are bile-stained.There are haemorrhages in the musculature (the breast), .liver,heart and intestines. There may be haemorrhagic contents in theappendix (must not be confused with coccidiosis). Alterationsmay be observed in the intestine and in the proventriculus. Lift­ing of the hom layer in the gizzard OD account of baemorrhagiceffusions is typical in lulpha-poisoning. Finally, it might bementioned that necrosis i. occallonally found in the lunp; and

10

IS: 6559 ·1972

b) TotaUy condemned. In case of haemorrhage into the body cavity,where the condition has given rise to wide-spread staining oforgans and serous membranes, the whole carcass should becondemned. In traumatically produced haemorrhages as a resultof fracture, rough treatment in catching the fowl or in slaughter­ing, the whole carcass should be condemned or the carcass shouldbe passed after adequate cleaning, according to circumstances.

6.2.3.]2 Abnormal staining- In staining, as a result of disease orinadequate bleeding out, the entire carcass should be condemned.

6.2.3.13 Abnormal odour

a) This is most often the case of chickens which smell of fish or codliver oil, or of chickens which have been contaminated with thecontents of a non-resorbed yolk-sac which has broken duringthe removal of the organs. The yellowish, butter-like mass hasoften a penetrating smell of a 'foul dish-cloth' ; and

b) The entire carcass shall be condemned.

6.2.3.14 Emaciation

6.2.3.15 ContamiMtion - Severely contaminated birds which cannot becleaned satisfactorily shall be totally condemned.

6.2.3.16 Tearing, woundJ, other lesions, etc

a) If the broiler has been subjected to severe tearing during themachine treatment, the entire carcass should. be condemned.Where the tearing has been of a minor extent, the bird can beaccepted after removing the damaged parts;

b) In the case or wounds or other lesions and the like, the carcassshan be condemned totally or in part, depending on the natureand character of the damage; and

c) It should be noted that the liver should always be condemnedwhen it has been subjected to severe tearing, as effective and satis­factory cleaning cannot be carried out. Likewise, the liver shouldbe condemned when it is "the site of staining or has a stronglyimpaired texture.

&.2.t InstrueliDIIJ lUga,di", 'h, Aelion to bl Takin ill Ew,., nfVmow DiSIG­'" ofFowl- Except otherwise recommended, the entire carcasses and allthe parts and organs of fowl affected with any of the diseases givenin 8.2.4.1 to 6.2.4.13 shall be disposed of as given in U.

6.2.4.1 ~ubfrtulDsis

a) Tuberculous lesions in the liver are sharply defined and can usuallybe readily enucleated, but they are not gritty on secdcn, for

11

11"18551-U72

calcification of avial lesions rar~ly occun.' The liver u markedlyenlarged. Enlargement of the liver i. alJo seen in leukemia, andin this affection the organ may at times show soft, grey areal ofleukemic infiltration, but these foci may be distinguished fromtuberculosis by the fact that they are less sharply delimited fromthe healthy tissue. The lesions in the spleen are similar to thosein the liver and are easily enucleated but usually protrude from thesurface of the spleen. Nodules may also be seen beneath theserous coat of the intestines. It is possible that the bone marrow isthe seat of tuberculous lesions as frequently as the liver. Tuber­culosis of the thymus gland occurs as a result of haematogenousspread but is only found in about 25 percent of cases ofgeneralizedtuberculosis and then usually in the advanced cases; and

b) The carcass shall be condemned.

6.2.4.2 Coli grtUluloma

a) This is a tuberculosis-like disease, which appears in the fonn ofnodule formations in the appendix and in the duodenum. Inaddition, there occasionally occur nodules in the liver, spleen,Iungs and kidneys. This is caused by E. coli, and

b) If the disease appears only in the form of quite few nodules in theintestine, the bird can be passed after the intestinal canal and livercondemned, provided other conditions permit this. If the diseaseis wide-spread throughout the bird, the whole carcass shouldbe condemned.

1.2.4.3 Leulumitl

6.2.4.4 N""rolymphomtltosis

6.2.4.5 Stllpi"gitis - In acute cases and in chronic cues where thedisease has given rile to the oviduct filled with large masl of pus as well asin cue of complications ( peritonitis) or in emaciation, the carcass shouldbe totally condemned. In mild cases where the d.iJeue i. of • chronicnature the carcass may be passed after aatiafactory cleaning. .

6.2." Pniltmitis

&.2.t.7 TfI1IUJUrs

a) The wall of the oviduct is often the site ofa larger or amal1er Don­malignant tumour (leiomyoma); and

b) The carcaa may be paued after the removal or the oviduct.With regard to the judgement in other forma of tUlllOUl'l, proceedas in 1.2.3.6.

12

IS 16559.1972

'.2.4.8 bills

a) In tumour formation in the body cavities, chronic hepatitis andother disease. the body cavity is often the site of ascites; and

b) The whole carcass shall be condemned.

6.2.4.9 Fowl pox

a) This is caused by a filterable virus and occurs in one of the threetypes, or in combination, namely, (1) skin type, (2) mouth type,and (3) oculo-nasal type; and

b) There is considerable systemic disturbance in types 2 and 3, sothat affected carcasses may be sufficiently fevered to justifycondemnation. Carcasses. which are slightly affected in goodbodily condition and properly bled, may be passed for foodpurposes after removal of the affected parts.

6.2.4.10 Fowl choUra

a) This is a highly contagious, septicaemic disease caused by Pasteurellaouireptica. There may be reddening and congestion of the skinover the breast and abdomen of birds dying of the peracutedisease, birds being usually in good condition and often inlay. Post-mortem examination reveals extensive pneumoniawith marked petechial haemorrhages in epicardium, whilethe internal organs are intensively congested and the liver exhibitsminute areas of necrosis. In other cases there may be evidenceof a severe haemorrhagic enteritis: and

b) The carcass shall be condemned.

&.2.4.11 Fowl pest

a) Fowl pest includes the disease known as fowl plague and New­castle disease, both being virus infections and responsible forrapid and heavy mortality. Lesions in affected birds take theform of collections of mucus in the nasel and buccal cavities anda few petechial haemorrhages may be seen on the lining mem­brane of the proventriculus on the pericardium, heart muscleand gizzard fat; and

b) The whole carcass shall be condemned.

6.2.4.12 EmWtion

6.2.~.13 HfJlmOfThages, Gbnormal stauung and odour, ,te - Proceed asin the case of broiler. (SII 6.2.3.11, 6.2.3.12, aDd 6.2.3.13 ).

6.3 m-po••1 01 CoDdemaed Carca•• aDd Part.

6.3.1 All the condemned carcasses or parts of carcasses should bedisposed of by one of the methods given from 6.3.1.1 to 6.3.1.5.

13

11,&551-1172

6.3.1.1 Suam '"almtnl - This may be accomplished by procel.iogthe condemned product in a pressure tank under at least 3 kg/eml ofIteam pressure or thorough cooking in a kettle or vat, and processingfor a sufficient time to effectively destroy the product for human foodpurposes and preclude dissemination of disease through consumption byanimals. Tanks and equipment used for this purpose or for renderingor preparing inedible products shall be in rooms or separate from thoseused for the preparation of edible products.

6.3.1.2 Incineration or complete destruction by burning.

6.3.1.3 Chemical denaturing, which shall be accomplished by theliberal application of crude carbolic acid, or kerosene or fuel oil, orany phenolic disinfectant which shall be used at least as a 2 percentemulsion or solution, to all carcasses and parts thereof.

6.3.1.4 Feathers may be effectively converted into proteinaceousfeather meal and/or for stuffing into mattresses after processing.

6.3.1.5 Heads and feet may be converted into meals for stock feedinl.

A P P E"ND I X A[ Clause 4.1 ( e ) ]

PROCEDURE FOR THE DISINFECTION OF THEDRESSING PLANTS

A-I. CHEMICAL DISINFECTION

A-I.O The following chemicals are used as disinfectants,

A-l.1 Qaicklime-freshly slaked.

A-l.2 Lime-Water - in concentration. of 1 : 3 or 1 : 20.

A-I.' Cbloricle of Lime (0.001 2 ) (Ble.chiDg Powder) - to be usedsuspended in water in concentrations of 1 : 3 or 1 : 20 (SI' IS: 1065-1971* ).

.\-1.4 Coaceatrated Chloride of Lime - soluble in water and con­taining 70 percent active chlorine; to be used in concentrations of 2-5or 7 percent (wlv) in water.

&-1.5 CIlloramiDe-T (CB..c.a..sO,NClNa.3H.O ) ( ScMli..I'-toJa....Salphoachloramide ) - containing 22 percent active chlorine; to be UJedin concentration of 2·5 or 7 percent.

•Specificatioa for bleachiDi powder, ltable (Jrll,"").

14

IS :6559 -1972

A-I.6 SolatioD 01 Cresol' (CH2.CeH, .O H ) - stabilized by soap anddiluted with water to a concentration of 2· 5 percent (wlv).

A-I.7 Cresol-Sulphuric Add Mixtare-a mixture of two parts ofcrude cresol and one part of sulphuric acid diluted with water to aconcentration of 3 percent.A-I.8 Phenol (CeH,OH) - crude phenol diluted with water to a con-centration or3 percent (see 18:538-1969·). .A-I.9 Corrosive Sublimate (Mercarie Chloride) (HGCI2 ) - onepercent (wlv) aqueous solution. As this is poisonous, it should beneutralized after 24 h by a 0·5 percent (wlv) solution of potassiumsulphide (KtS).

A-I.10 Formalin - one percent ( w/~ ) aqueous solution.

A-I.II Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

A-2. EFFICACY OF DISINFECTANTS

,A-2.1 The efficacy of a disinfectant depends upon the resistance ofthe contaminating agents which may be divided into the followingtwo groups:

a) Those which are easily destroyed together with those which donot leave the animal body. In these cases, a simple cleansingof walls, floors, doors and tools with limewater ( 1 : 20) or with asuspension of bleaching powder ( 1 : 20) suffices. For metal parts,an aqueous solution of cresol or phenol is preferable.

b) Those which are not easily destroyed and which are communi­cable to other animals, for example, the agents responsible forfowl cholera and fowl pox. .

In these cases, manure, straw) etc, should be burned, burried ordisinfected by storage for a long period and in some cases, mixed withslaked lime. Liquids, such as blood and water, should be disinfected witha 3O-percent suspension ofchloride of lime. For walls, floors, instruments,etc, most of the disinfectants mentioned above may be used. Metal toolsor instruments should be sterilized by heat if possible; otherwise, asolution of cresol or phenol is quite effective. This solution may alsobe used for wooden tools, tubber boots, etc.

A-3. OTHER MEANS OF DISINFECTION

A-3.1 Steam, dry heat and burning are also very effective. Instruments,tools, etc, may be disinfected by immersion in boiling water for 15 min.A '-percent solution of washing soda (sodium carbonate) or soap isuseful for this purpose. Hooks, handles, covers, etc, should be scrubbedin boiling wat~r or solution or washing lOCIa.

·Specificatioa for phenol (carbolic add) (Jrlt mil.. ).

15

INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS (51 UNITS)

s••• Unit.

Quanll" Unll Symbol

length Me',. mMas. kilogram leaTime .econd •Electrfc current empere A

Thermodynamic ketvln Ktemperature

Luminoul I"tentlty candele cd

Amount of 8ub.t8nce mole mol

Supplementary Unit,

QUln'/I, Unt Symbol

Plane enal. r.dlan rad

Solid engle at.radlan .rDerived Unl"

Quanflty UnII Symbol Conv"s/on

force newton N 1 N - 1 kg.1 mI.'Energy Joule J 1 J e::. 1 N.m

Power watt W , W - 1 J/.Flux weber Wb 1 Wb - 1 v,«Flux density tesla T 1 T Ie: 1 Wb/m'Frequency hertz Hz 1 Hz-1 cia (a-I)

Electric conductance siemens S 1 5 -1 A/VPressure. ,tress paacal Pa 1 Pa .. 1 N/m'

INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION

Manak Bhaven, 9 Bahadur Shah lafar Marg. NEW DELHI 110002Telephone. : 26 10 2t, 21 01 31 Telegram. a M.nak••natha

Regional 0/l1C'5: Telephon.Western : Novelty Chambers. Grlnt Road BOMBAY 400007 37 V7 21Eastern : 5 Chowringhee AJJproach CALCUTTA 700072 23·08 otSouthern: C. I. T. Campus, Adyar MADRAS 600020 .1 I. ~2

Branch Offices:

'Pusbpek', Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg. Khanpur AHMADABAD 380001 2 03 01'F' Block, Unity efdg, NarsllmharaJa Square BANGALORE 560002 2 78 4QGangotrl Complex. Bhsdbhade Road. T.T. Naga, BHOPAL 462003 e 27 182~!E Kalpana Area BHUBANESHWAR 7!51014 5 38 17Ahlrnsa Bldg. seo 82-83, Sector 17C CHANDIGARH 1&0017 2 83 20

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"·-ReprQau~.d b, .~~rOOJ.Ph, Onn, i81~ .."ts.~~nl.-