Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 4041 (2006): Terminoloty for refractories [MTD 15:Refractories]

/ndian Standard

TERMINOLOGY FOR REFRACTORIES

(First Revision )

ICS 81.080

Q BIS 2006

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

February 2006Price Group 7

IRefractories Sectional Committee, MTD 15

NATIONAL FCIREWORD

This Indian Standard (First Revision) which is identical with ISO 836:2001 ‘Terminology for refractories’issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was adopted by the Bureau of IndianStandards on the recommendation of the Refractories Sectional Committee and approval of theMetallurgical Engineering Division Council.

This Indian Standard was originally published in 1983. This revision of the standard has been taken upto align it with ISO 836 by adoption, under dual numbering system.

Only the English language text in the International Standard has been retained while adopting it in thisIndian Standard.

The text of the ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as an Indian Standardwithout deviations. Certain terminology and conventions are, however, not identical to those used inIndian Standards. Attention is particularly drawn to the following:

a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they shouldbe read as ‘Indian Standard’.

b) Comma (,) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current practiceis to use a point (.) as the decimal marker.

In this adopted standard, reference appears to the following International Standard for which IndianStandards also exist. The corresponding Indian Standards which are to be substituted in its place arelisted below along with their degree of equivalence for the editions indicated:

International Standard Corresponding Indian Standard Degree ofEquivalence

(1S 460 Specification for test sieves:

(Part 1) :1985 Wire cloth test sievesISO 565 : 1990 Test sieves — (third revision) TechnicallyMetal wire cloth, perforated metal < (Part 2) :1985 Perforated plate test Equivalentplate and electroformed sheet —Nominal sizes of openings

sieves (third revision)

(Part 3): 1985 Methods of examination[ of apertures of test sieves (thirdrevision)

The technical committee has reviewed the provisions of the following International Standards referredin this adopted standard and has decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunction with thisstandard:

International Standard Title

ISO 10081-1 Classification of dense shaped refractory products — Part 1: Alumina silica

ISO 10081-2 Classification of dense shaped refractory products— Part 2: Basic productscontaining less than 7 percent residual carbon

1S4041 :2006ISO 836:2001

Indian Standard

TERMINOLOGY FOR REFRACTORIES

( Fh-st Revkion )

1 Scope

This International Standard describes terms used inInternational Standards dealing with refractory materi-als and products and that assist in the understandingof the terms and the standards themselves. The de-scriptions are those generally understood within therefractories industry and should not be taken as ab-solute definitions.

2 Terms and definitions

001abrasionsurface wear of a material caused by the mechanicalaction of moving solids

002acid refractoryrefractory (107) containing a substantial amount ofsilica which reacts chemically with a basic refractory(009), a basic slag (121), a high alumina refractory(071 ) or alkali bearing components at high tempera-ture

003aggregategrainconstituent particle of a refractory (107) composition,normally coarse in size

004air-setting jointing materialair-setting mortarrefractory cementtype OJ jointing material (076) which hardens at am-bient temperature by a chemical bond (036) or a hy-draulic bond (073)

[ENV 1402-1:1994]

005alkali resistanceresistance of a refractory (107) to chemical deterio-ration following exposure to an alkali environment

006alumino-silicateraw material composed primarily of alumina and silica

007anti-oxidantmetallic element or other substance added to a car-bon-containing refractory (107) in order to improve itsresistance to oxidation

[ISO 10060:1 993]

008apparent porosityratio of the total volume of the open pores (092) in aporous refractory (107) to its bulk volume (018) ex-pressed as a percentage of the bulk volume

[EN 993-1:1 995]

009basic refractoryrefractory (107) which may react chemically at hightemperature with an acid refractory (002), an acidslag (121 ), an acid flux or alumina

NOTE Typical components are magnesia (080), cal-cium oxide, chromite (037), spinel (123),forsterite.

010bindersubstance added to a non-plastic granular or fibrousmaterial to give workability (139) and greenstrength (066) or dry strength (054) to the formedmaterial

011bloatingpermanent expansion occurring when some types ofclay or refractory (107) are heated

NOTE Bloating is usually the result of the formation ofpo~es.

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012blockgenerally rectangular, refractory (108), usually of alarger size than a brick (014)

013bondconnecting link between the constituent particles of arefractory (107) producing coherency and strength

014brickgenerally rectangular, refractory (108), with one di-mension greater than the other two and of a size thatcan usually be laid with one hand

020carbon monoxide disintegrationbreakdown of a refractory (107)caused by the depo-sition of carbon resulting from the dissociation of car-bon monoxide

[ISO 12676:–]

021carbon monoxide resistanceresistance of a refractory (107) to carbon monoxidedisintegration (020) when exposed to carbon mon-oxide under specified conditions of atmosphere andtemperature

[ISO 12676:–]

015 022 ‘

-bulk ceramic fibre carbonizationbuIk refractory ceramic fibre (USA) process of removing volatile components from a re-

ceramic fibre (026) in the as-produced state, before fractory (107)which has been either bonded or im-

ccmversion to other products pregnated with carbonaceous material such as pitch,tar or resin, so as to retain the residual carbon

[EN 1094-1 :1997]

016bulk densityratio of the mass of the dry material of a porous re-fractory (107) to its bulk volume (018)

[ISO 5016:1997]

017bulk density (of a granular material)grain bulk densityratio of the mass of a quantity of dry granular materialto the total volume of its grains, including the volumeof any closed pores (039) within the grains

[ISO 10060:1993]

023castable ceramic fibrecastable refractory ceramic fibre (USA)ceramic fibre (026) with inorganic and/or organicbinder (01 O) which maybe cast

[EN 1094-1 :1997]

024castinginstalling an unshaped refractory (136)of sufficientfluidity to enable it to be poured or pumped

[ISO 8840:1987] NOTE Vibration (137), tamping or rodding may alsobe additionally used to shape and compact the material.

018bulk volumesum of the volumes of the solid materials, the openpores (092) and the closed pores (039) in a porous

025

refractory (1”07)ceramic bondbcmd (013) produced by sintering (120)or liquid for-

[1S0 5016:1997]mation at high temperature

019026

calcinationceramic fibre

heat treatment of a raw material prior to use in therefractory ceramic fibre (USA)

manufacture of a refractory (107) for the purpose ofman-made mineral fibre suitable for use as heat-

producing chemical or physical changes and elimi-insulating material, containing less than 2 % in total

nating volatile ch~mically combined constituents andmass of-alkaline oxide and alkaline earth oxides

I

volu~e changes [EN 1094-1 :1997]

2

IS 4041:2006ISO 836:2001

027ceramic fibre blanket.refractory ceramic fibre blanket (USA)flexible, normally needled, ceramic fibrous insulatingmaterial, free of binder (01 O), with nominally deter-mined dimensions

[EN 1094-1:1 997]

028ceramic fibre boardrefractory ceramic fibre board (USA)substantially rigid flat sheet normally containing inor-ganic and/or organic binder (01 O), ,produced by a wetprocess

[EN 1094-1 :1997]

029ceramic fibre feltrefractory ceramic fibre felt (USA)flexible, fibrous insulating material of nominally deter-mined dimensions, containing some proportion of in-organic and/or organic binder (010)

[EN 1094-1:1 997]

030ceramic fibre matrefractory ceramic fibre mat (USA)flexible, non-needled, ceramic fibrous insulating mate-rial

[EN 1094-1:1 997]

031ceramic fibre modulerefractory ceramic fibre module (USA)ceramic fibre (026) product formed into a unit used infurnace construction

032ceramic fibre paperrefractory ceramic fibre paper (USA)flexible, fibrous insulating material, formed on a papermaking machine

033ceramic fibre roperefractory ceramic fibre rope (USA)ceramic fibre (026) which has been formed, with orwithout the addition of other filaments, wires or yarns,into one or several types of rope, i.e. twisted, cabledor lagging

[EN 1094-1:1 997]

034ceramic fibre tapeceramic fibre textilerefractory ceramic fibre tape (USA)refractory ceramic fibre textile (USA)ceramic fibre (026) which has been woven with orwithout the addition of other filaments, wires or yarns

[EN 1094-1:1 997]

035ceramic fibre yarnrefractory ceramic fibre yarn (USA)ceramic fibre (026) which has been twisted into acontinuous thread with or without the addition of rein-forcing filaments

[EN 1094-1:1 997]

036chemical bondinorganic or organic-inorganic bond (013) with hard-ening by a chemical, but not hydraulic, reaction atambient or higher temperatures

[ENV 1402-1:1 994]

037chromiteraw material containing a substantial amount of chro-mium sesquioxide combined with other di- and tri-valent metal oxides to form a cubic crystalline struc-ture, and whose chemical composition is suitable foruse in a refractory (107)

038chromite refractorychromite magnesia refractorychromite magnesite refractoryrefractory (107) composed predominantly of chro-mite (037) and containing greater than or equal to30 YO by mass of chromium sesquioxide and less than30 YO by mass of magnesium oxide

NOTE ISO 10081 -2:— contains compositional data on

chromite refractories.

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IS 4041:2006ISO 836:2001

039closed pores

. pores that are enclosed within a refractory (107)andare not penetrated by the immersion liquid in the testspecified in ISO 5017:1998

NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 5016:1997.

NOTE 2 In principle, these pores are those which are notconnected to the atmosphere, either directly or via one an-other.

040closed porosityratio of the total volume of the closed pores (039) ina porous refractory (107)to its bulk volume (018),expressed as a percentage of the bulk volume

[EN 993-1 :1995]

041coatingunshaped refractory (136) consisting of a mixture offine aggregate (003) and bond (013), supplied foruse with a higher water or other liquid content than ajointing material (076)

[ENV 1402-1 :1994]

NOTE 1 The principle bond may be ceramic (025), hy-draulic (073), ~hemical (036) or organic (093). The mix-ture is applied manually (with a brush or trowel), bypneumatic or mechanical projection, by spraying or dipping.

NOTE 2 Other types of coating can be applied to refrac-tory components by specialized techniques (e.g. flame orplasma spraying) but these are generally considered as ad-vanced technical ceramic materials rather than refractories.

042cold compressive strengthcold crushing strengthmaximum load (applied under specified conditions atroom temperature) divided by the area over which theload is applied, that a refractory (107) will withstandbefore failure occurs

[ISO 10059-1 :1992]

043corner defectmissing corner of a brick (014) defined by three di-mensional measurements

044corrosionsurface wear caused by the -chemical action of exter-nal agencies

045craterclearly defined hole in the surface of a brick (014)whose parameters, maximum diameter, minimum di-ameter and depth can be measured

[ISO 12678-2:1 996]

046creep .creep in Compressionisothermal deformation of a stressed refractory (107)as a function of time

[EN 993-9:1 997]

cb47dead-burnedheat-treated raw material for a basic refractory (009)rendering it more stable and less reactive to atmos-pheric hydration or carbon dioxide

048deflocculantdeflocculating agentelectrolyte added to a material to produce dispersionof fine particles

049deflocculated castablerefractory castable (109) with a hydraulic bond(073), with a minimum of 2 % by weight of ultra-fineparticles (less than one micron) and at least one de-flocculafing agent (048)

[ENV 1402-1 :1994]

050dense-shaped refractory prodwctdense refractoryrefractory (107) with specific dimensions, having atrue porosity (133) df less than 45 ‘Y. by volume

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[ISO 12678-2:1 996] [EN 993-1 :1995]

IIS 4041:2006ISO 836:2001

051doloma

. intimate mixture of calcium and magnesium oxidesproduced by calcination of the naturally occurring orsynthetic mixed carbonate or hydroxide

NOTE The term “dolomite” is sometimes used to de-scribe doloma material but is the correct term for naturallyoccurring uncalcined rock.

052doloma refractoryrefractory (107) composed predominantly of doloma(051)

NOTE ISO 10881 -2:— contains compositional data ondoloma-containing refractories.

053dry mixdry vibratable refractory (U8A)unshaped refractory (136) specially designed to beplaced in the dry state by-vibration (137) or ramming(104)

[ENV 1402-1:1 994]

NOTE During placing a dry mix reaches maximumcompaction and it becomes possible to remove the formereither before or after heating. The material may include atemporary bond but it eventually has a ceramic bond (025).

054dry strengthmechanical strength of a shaped and dried, but un-fired, refractory (107)

055edge defectmissing edge of a brick (014) or block (012) definedby three dimensional measurements

[ISO 12678-2:1996]

056erosionsurface wear of a refractory (107) caused by the me-chanical action of a fluid, whether or not it containssolid material

057finthin layer of material on a face of a brick (014) orblock (01 2) that projects beyond the edge

058finessmall-sized fraction of a mixture of particles used inthe manufacture of a refractory (107)

059fireclay refractoryfirebrickrefractory (107) composed predominantly of alu-mino-silicate (006) containing greater than or equalto 30 Y. and less than 45 ‘Yo by mass of aluminiumoxide

NOTE Adapted from ISO 10081-1 :—.

060firingheat-treatment of a shaped-refractory (107)

061flint clayhard “flint-like naturally occurring kaolinitic materialshowing conchoidal fracture which is practically de-void of natural plasticity

062forsteritemagnesium orthosilicate, often naturally occurring,with a chemical composition suitable for use as a re-fractory (108) raw material

063forsterite refractoryrefractory (107) composed predominantly of for-sterite (062) and containing greater than 40 % bymass of magnesium oxide

NOTE Adapted from ISO 10081 -2:—.

064fused grain refractoryrefractory (107) made predominantly from grain thathas solidified from a fused or molten condition

065granulometric classmesh width of the finest sieve through which 95 % bymass of an unshaped refractory (136) materialpasses

[ENV 1402-1:1 994]

NOTE The sieve referred to is in accordance withISO 565:1990.

[ISO 12678-2:1 996]

IS 4041:2006ISO 836:2001

066green strength

. mechanical strength of a shaped, but unfired refrac-tory (107)

067gunningapplication technique that uses pneumatic or me-chanical means to project a gunning material (068)on to a hot or cold surface

068gunning materialmixture of aggregate (003) and bond (013), espe-cially prepared for placing by pneumatic or mechani-cal projection

[ENV 1402-1:1994]

NOTE Gunning materials may be either

a) a refractory castable (109) which is supplied dry andused after the addition of water during or before gun-ning;

b) a plastic refractory (098) which is specially designedfor gunning under high air pressure with specialequipment, and normally delivered in a ready-to-usestate.

069hairline crackfine crack visible on the surface of a brick (014) orblock (01 2) whose length may be measured andwhose width is less than or equal to 0,2 mm

[ISO 12678-2:1996]

070heat setting jointing materialheat -setting mortarrefractory mortartype of jointing material (076) which hardens at ele-vated temperatures and contains a chemical bond(036) and/or a ceramic bond (025)

071high alumina refractoryrefractory (107) composed predominantly of aluminaand/or alumino-silicate (006) containing greater thanor equal to 45 0/0by mass of a!uminium oxide

NOTE ISO 10081-1 :— contains compositional data onhigh alumina refractories.

6

072hydration tendencytendency of a refractory (108) raw material or produ-ct to combine with water when exposed to moist airor steam under controlled test conditions

NOTE Adapted from 6S 1902-.3.141996.

073hydraulic bondbond (01 3) formed by the chemical reaction of spe-cific solid particles with water to produce setting andhardening at ambient temperature

[ENV 1402-1 :1994]

074injection mixunshaped refractory (136) specially designed to beinjected by a pump using .pressures of between 10 barand 20 bar

[ENV 1402-1:1 994]

NOTE An injection mix may be supplied ready for use,or may require mixing.

075insulating refractoryrefractory (107) with a low thermal conductivity(129) and low heat capacity

NOTE Insulating refractory is a general term. Shapedproducts are more specifically defined (see 116).

076jointing materialrefractory (107) intended for laying and jointingbrick(s) (01 4) or block(s) (012) by troweling, grout-ing in the joints or dipping

[ENV 1402-1:1 994]

NOTE 1 These materials are mixtures of fine aggregate(003) and bond (013), supplied in the dry state or mixedwith suitable liquids ready for use.

NOTE 2 See also air-setting mortar (004) and heatsetting mortar (070).

077lime refractoryrefractory (107) containing greater than or equal to707. by mass of calcium oxide and less than 30% bymass of magnesium oxide

NOTE Adapted from ISO 10081-2:—.

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078low alumina fireclay refractoryrefractory (107) composed of alumino-silicate (006)and silica, containing less than 85 Y. by mass of silicaand a minimum of 10 O/. and less than 30 O/. by massofaluminium oxide

NOTE Adapted from ISO 10081-1 :—.

079low cement castableLCCdeflocculated castable (049) containing greater than1 O/. and a maximum of 2,5 O/. calcium oxide on a cal-cined basis

[ENV 1402-1:1 994]

080magnesiamagnesium oxide produced by calcination (019) ofnaturally occurring or synthetic magnesium carbonateor hydroxide and used as a raw material, normally inthe dead-burned (047) state

NOTE Naturally occurring carbonate rock is termed“magnesite” which is sometimes incorrectly used to describethe calcined product.

.

081magnesia carbon refractoryrefractory (107) composed predominantly of magne-sia (080) and between 77. and 50 % by mass of re-sidual carbon

082magnesia chromite refractoryrefractory (107) composed largely of magnesia (080)and chromite (037) in which the magnesia is the pre-dominate component by mass

NOTE ISO 10081 -2:— contains compositional data onmagnesia chromite refractories.

083magnes-ia doloma refractoryrefractory (107) composed largely of magnesia (080)and doloma (051) in which the magnesia predomi-nates by mass

NOTE ISO 10081-2:— contains compositional data onmagnesia doloma refractories.

084magnesia refractoryrefractory (107) containing greater than 807. bymass of magnesium oxide

NOTE ISO 10081 -2:— contains compositional data onmagnesia refractories.

085magnesia spinel refractoryrefractory (107)composed predominantly of magne-sia (080) and spinel (123) containing greater than orequal to 20 Y. by mass of magnesium oxide

NOTE ISO 10081 -2:— contains compositional data onmagnesia spinel refractories.

086medium cement castableMCCdeflocculated castable (049) containing greater than2.5 ?4. calcium oxide on a caicined basis

[ENV 1402-1:1994]

087modulus of rupturemaximum stress that a prismatic test piece of a re-fractory (107)of specified dimensions can withstandwhen it is bent in a three-point bending device

[1s0 5014:1 997]

088mouldable ceramic fibremouldable refractory ceramic fibre (USA)ceramic fibre (026) with inorganic and/or organicbinder (01 O) which maybe moulded

[EN 1094-1:1 997]

089neutral refractoryrefractory (107) which has no appreciable chemicalreaction at high temperature with an acid refractory(002), a basic refractory (009), an acid or basic slag(121) or flux

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090no cement castableNCC

. deflocculated castable (049) containing a maximumof 0,2 Y. calcium oxide on a calcined basis and con-taining no hydraulic setting cement

[ENV 1402-1:1994]

091open c-rackcrack or tear in the surface of a brick (014) or block(01 2) whose length is more than 10 mm and whosewidth is more than 0,2 mm

[ISO 12678-2:1996]

092open porespores in a refractory (107) that are penetrated by theimmersion liquid in the test specified inISO 5017:1998

[ISO 5016:1 997]

NOTE These pores are, in principle, all those that areconnected with the atmosphere, either directly or via oneanother.

093organic bondbond (01 3) of organic nature with bonding or hard-ening at ambient temperature or at a higher tempera-ture

[ENV 1402-1:1994]

094permeabilityproperty of a refractory (107) allowing a fluid to passthrough it when under a difference of pressure

[EN 993-4:1 995] ‘

095permanent change in -dimensions on

heatingpermanent linear changePLCdimensional expansion or contraction that remains ina refractory (107) that is heated with no externallyapplied force to a specified temperature for a speci-fied time and then cooled to ambient temperature

096pitch bondingtar bondinguse of pitch or tar to produce a bond (013) in apressed unfired refractory (107)

097pitch impregnationuse of liquid pitch or tar to impregnate a refractory(107) after forming or firing (060)

NOTE Adapted from IS-O 10060:1993.

098plastic refractorymouldable refractoryunshaped refractory (136),supplied ready for use,with a high workability (139),made up of aggregate(003), bond (01 3) and liquid, and which hardens afterplacing by the action of heat

NOTE 1 According to the type of product, the main bond(01 3) may be ceramic (025), chemical (036) or organic(093). Plastic refractory materials are normally supplied insoft, pre-formed blocks or slices and placed by ramming(104) (mechanical or manual).

NOTE 2 Adapted from ENV 1402-1:1994.

099pre-formed shapeshape made from an unshaped refractory (136),cast or moulded and pre-treated by the manufacturer,so that it can be directly placed in service

[ENV 1402-1:1 994]

100pre-formed shape (rigid)rigid shape made of ceramic fibre (026) with the ad-dition of inorganic and/or organic binder (010), firedor unfired

[EN 1094-1:1 997]

101protrusionindentationimperfection that may occur during the moulding orfiring process of a brick (014)orablock(012)

NOTE Adapted from ISO 2478:1987[ISO 12678-2:1 996]

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102pyrometric -one equivalentPCEreference number o“fthe pyrometric reference cone(103) that has bent over to the same degree as testpieces of a refractory (107)or the number of the twocones (1 03) that have bent over, one a little more andone a little less than the test pieces when the cones(1 03) and the test pieces have been mounted to-gether and heated under specified conditions

[EN 993-12:1 997]

‘T03pyrometric reference coneconeblunt-tipped skew triangle pyramid with sharp edges,of specified shape and dimensions and of such com-position that, when mounted and heated under speci-fied conditions, it bends in a known manner withreference to its heat temperature

[EN 993-13:1995]

104rammingprocess of installing or shapinq an unshaped refrac-tory (136) involvin~ repeated i~pact

105ram mixramming mixunshaped refractory (136) which is non-coherentbefore use, made up of aggregate (003), bond (013)and if necessary liquid, and placed by ramming (104)(mechanical or manual) or vibration (137)

NOTE 1 According to the type of product, the main bond(013) may be ceramic (025), chemical (036), or organic(093). Ram mixes are used as-delivered or after the additionof liquid(s).

NOTE 2 Adapted from ENV 1402-1:1994.

106reference temperaturetemperature of collapsetemperature at which the tip of a pyrometric refer-ence cone (103) reaches the level on which the baseof the cone is mounted when the cone is heated at aspecified rate under specified conditions

[EN !393-1 3:1 995]

107refractory, nounrefractory productrefractory materialnon-metallic material or product (but not excludingthose containing a proportion of metal) whose chemi-cal and physical properties aHow it to be used in ahigh temperature environment

108-refractory, adjable to be used in a high temperature environment

1-09refractory castablecastablenon-coherent mixture .of aggregate (003) and bond(01 3), mainly supplied dry and placed by casting(024) after the addition and mixing of water or anotherliquid

NOTE Adapted from ENV 1402-1:1994.

110refractorinesscharacteristic property of a refractory (107) that al-lows it to withstand a high temperature in its environ-ment and conditions of use

111refractoriness-under-loadR-U-Lparticular measure of the -behaviour of a refractory(107) subjected to the combined effects of load, risingtemperature and time

[EN 993-8:1997]

112regular castablerefractor casteble (109) with a hvdraulic bond(073) co~taining cement -but without ; deflocculant(048) and with a calcium oxide content greater than2,5 ?4. by weight on a calcined basis

NOTE Adapted from ENV 1402-1:1994.

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113resilienceability of ceramic fibres (026) to spring back aftercompression to 50 “Y. of thickness

[ISO 10635:1 999]

NOTE Resilience is the ratio of the thickness of .aproduct after the application and relaxation of a compres-sive force which reduces the original thickness to 50 % of itsoriginal value, to its original.thickness.

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1S4041 :2006ISO 836:2001

114resin bonding

.use of resin to produce a bond (013) in a refractory(1 07) when heated to a relatively low temperature (upto 800 “C)

[ISO 10060:1 993]

115segregationseparation of aggregate (003) and fines (058) duringfabrication of a refractory (107) to leave a honey-comb appearance and/or a layer of excess fines

[ENV 1402-7:1998]

116shaped insulating refractoryshaped refractory (107) having a true porosity (133)of nOt IeSS than 45% by volume

[1S0 5016:1997]

NOTE These products are characterized by low ther-mal conductivity (129) and low heat capacity.

117shot contentpercentage of non-fibrous particles that would be re-tained on a 75 ~m nominal aperture sieve complyingwith the requirements given in ISO 565

[1S0 10635:1999]

118silica refractoryrefractory (107) containing greater than or equal to93 0/0by mass of silica

NOTE Adapted from ISO 10081-1 :—.

119siliceous refractoryrefractory (107) containing less than 93 “/0 andgreater than or equal to 85% by mass of silica

NOTE Adapted from ISO 10081-1 :—.

120sinteringjoining of particles and increasing their contact inter-faces by atom movement within and between the par-ticles due to the application of heat

121slagnon-metallic materialformed during refining of metal,as ‘a by-product of a high temperatureprocess, or re-sulting from chemical reaction between refractory(107) and its service environment

122spallingfracture or rupture of a refractory (107) resultingthe physical detachmentof pieces of the refractory

123spinelmagnesium aluminate,Mg0.A1203

in

NOTE The term also applies in a gerreral sense to aclass of compounds with a cubic crystalline structure, com-posed of mixtures of di- and tri-valent metal oxides.

EXAMPLE Chromite (037)

124surface crazingcrazingnetwork of hairline cracks (069) confined to the sur-face of a coherent refractory (107)

NOTE Adapted from ISO 12678-2:1996.

125tap-hole -mixtap-hole plastic (USA)specially designed plastic refractory (098), suppliedready for use, made up of aggregate (003), bond(013) and liquid which, after firing, form a carbon bond

NOTE 1 These materials are specially designed to fillblast furnace tap-holes.

NOTE 2 Adapted from ENV }402-1:1 994.

126temperingheating a pitch bonded (096) refractory (107) to arelativelylowtemperature(up to 800 “C)

[ISO 10060:1993]

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1S 4041:2006ISO 836:2001

127tensile strengthparting strengthmaximum tensile force that a coherent ceramic fibre(026) product can withstand before it fails

135ultra-low cement castableULCCdeflocculated castable (049) containinggreaterthan0,2 % and up to 1,0 O/.calcium oxide on a calcinedbasis

NOTE Adapted from ISO 10635:1999.“NOTE Adapted from ENV 1402-1:1994.

128texturerelationship between the shapes and sizes of thegrains and pores in a coherent refractory (1 07)

129thermal conductivityquantity of heat transmitted through a refractory(107) in unit time divided by unit cross-sectionalareaand unit temperature gradient along the direction ofheat flow

130thermal diffusivitythermal conductivity (129) of a refractory (107) di-vided by its heat capacity per unit volume

[1S0 8894-1 :1987]

131thermal shock resistanceresistance of a refractory (107) to damage caused byabrupt temperature changes

NOTE Adapted from EN 993-11:1997 where testpieces are cooled abruptly from 950 ‘C to room temperatureby air blowing.

132true densityratio of the mass of the solid materialof a porous re-fractory (107) to itstrue volume (134)

[ISO 5018:1983]

133true porosityratioof the totalvolume of the open pores (092) andthe closed pores (039) in a porous refractory (107)to its bulk volume (018)

[ISO 5016:1997] ,

f 34true volumevolume of the solid material in a porous refractory(107)

136unshaped refractorymixture consisting of aggregate (003) and bond(01 3), prepared ready for use either directly in thecondition in which they are supplied or after additionof one or more suitable liquids and which satisfies therequirements of refractoriness (11 O)

NOTE 1 Such a mixture may contain metallic, organic orinorganic fibrous material and may be either dense or insu-lating. An insulating mixture is one whose true porosity(133) is not less than 45 YO when determined in accordancewith ISO 5016, using a test piece fired to specified condi-tions.

NOTE 2 Adapted from ENV 1402-1:1994,

137vibro-compactionvibrationuse of vibration to compact an unshaped refractory(136) during installation or test piece preparation

138warpagedeviation of a plane surface on a refractory (107)from being flat

[ENV 1402-7:1 998]

139workabilitymeasure of the ease of moulding or shaping an un-shaped refractory (136)

140yield by volumemass of unshaped refractory (136),as delivered,which is necessary to place 1 m3 of material, ex-pressed in tonnes to the nearest 1 Y.

I

I

I

[ISO 5016:1997] [ENV 1402-1:1994]

11

I

1s,4041 :2006ISO 836:2001

Bibliography

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

ISO 565:1990, Test sieves — Me/a/ wirecloth, perforated metal plate and electrofor-med sheet — fVomina/ sizes of openings,

ISO 2478:1987, Dense shaped refractoyproducts — Determination of permanentchange in dimensions on heating.

ISO 5014:1997, Dense and insulating shapedrefracto~ products — Determination of mo-du/us of rupture at ambient temperature.

ISO 5016:1997, Shaped insulating refractoryproducts — Determination of bulk density andtrue porosity.

ISO 5017:1998, Dense shaped refractoryproducts — Determination of bulk density,apparent porosity and true porosity.

ISO 5018:1983, f?efractoty materials — De-termination of true density.

ISO 8840:1987, ‘Refractory materials — De-termination of bulk density of granular mate-rials (grain density).

ISO 8894-1:1987, Refractory materia/s —Determination of therms/ conductivity —Part 1: Hot-wire method (cross-array).

ISO 10059-1:1992, Dense, shaped refractoryproducts — Determination of cold compres-sive strength — Part 1: Referee test withoutpacking.

ISO 10060:1993, Dense, shaped refractoryproducts — Test methods for products con-taining carbon.

ISO 10081-1 :—’ ), Classification of denseshaped refractory products — Part 1: Alumi-na-silica.

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[171

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

ISO 10081 -2:—2), Classification of denseshaped refractory products — Part 2: Basicproducts containing less than 7 % residualcarbon.

ISO 10241:1992, /nternationa/ terminologystandards — Preparation and layout.

ISO 10635:1999, Refractory products —Methods of test for ceramic fibre products.

ISO 12676:--2), Refractory products — De-termination of resistance to carbon monoxide.

ISO 12678-2:1996, Refractory products —Measurement of dimensions and externaldefects of refractory bricks — Part 2: Cornerand edge defects and other surface imperfec-tions.

EN 993-1:1995, Methods of test for denseshaped refractory products — Part 1: Deter-mination of bulk density, apparent porosityand true porosity.

I

IEN 993-4:1995, Methods of test forshaped refractory products — Part 4:mination of permeability to gases.

EN 993-8:1997, Methods of test forshaped refractory products — Part 8:mination of refractoriness-under-load.

EN 993-9:1997, Methods of test forshaped refractory products — Part 9:mination of creep in compression.

denseDeter-

denseDeter-

denseDeter-

EN 993-11:<), Methods of test for denseshaped refractory products — Part 11: De-termination of resistance to thermal -shock(ENV).

EN 993-12:1997, Methods of’ test for dense—shaped refractory products — Part 12: lJe-termination of pyrometric cone equivalent (re-fractoriness).

1) To be published. (Revision of 1S0 1.0081-1:1991)

12

2) To be published.

IS 4041:2006ISO 836: 20CM

[23] EN 993-13:1995, Methods of test for denseshaped refractory products — Part 13.” Speci-fication for pyrometric reference cones for la-boratory use.

[24] EN 1094-1:1997, /nsu/sting refractory pro-ducts: — Part 1: Terminology for ceramic fibreproducts.

[25] ENV 1402-1:1994, Unshaped refractory pro-ducts — Part 1: Introduction and definitions.

[26] ENV 1402-7:1998, Unshaped refractory prod-ucts — Part 7: Tests on pre-formed shapes.

[27] ASTM C71 -00, Standard Terminology Rela-ting to Refractories.

[28] BS 1902-3.14:1996, Methods of testing of re-

fracto~ materials. General and textural pro-perties. Determination of hydration tendency.

[29] BS 3446-1:1990, British standard g/ossa~ ofterms associated with refractory materials.General and manufacturing.

[30] BS 3446-2:1990, British standard g/ossary ofterms associated with refractory materials.Applications in the coke, glass, cement andother non-metallurgical industries.

[31] ‘BS 3446-3:1990, British standard glossaty ofterms associated with refractory materia/s.Applications in the metallurgical industries.

[32] DODD and MURFIN, Dictionary of Ceramics,3rd edition 1994.

[33] PRE Glossary: 1999, Equivalent refractoryterms in English, French, German, Italian andSpanish — F.4deration Europeene des Fabri-cants de Produits Refractaires, Brussels.

13

—-——— —. —

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