IS 4014,IS 4081,Is 512, IS 5916

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MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG, NEW DELHI 110002 DRAFT(S) IN WIDE CIRCULATION Our Ref: CED 29/T-4,T-5, T-11 & T-12 08 July 2011 Technical Committee: Construction Management (including safety in construction) Sectional Committee, CED 29 ADDRESSED TO : 1. All Members of Civil Engineering Division Council, CEDC 2. All Members of CED 29 3. All other interests Dear Sir(s), Please find enclosed the following drafts: Doc. No. Title CED 29 (7773) Draft Indian Standard Steel Tubular Scaffolding - Code of Practice: Part 2 Safety Regulations for Scaffolding [First Revision of IS 4014(Part 2)] CED 29 (7774) Draft Indian Standard Blasting and Related Drilling Operations – Safety Code (Second Revision of IS 4081) CED 29 (7775) Draft Indian Standard Piling and other Deep Foundations – Safety Code (First Revision of IS 5121) CED 29 (7776) Draft Indian Standard Constructions Involving Use of Hot Bituminous Materials Safety Code (First Revision of IS 5916) Kindly examine the drafts and forward your views stating any difficulties which you are likely to experience in your business or profession if these are finally adopted as National Standard. Last Date for comments: 15 September 2011 Comments if any, may please be made in the format as attached, and mailed to the undersigned at the above address. You are requested to send your comments preferably through e- mail to [email protected]. In case no comments are received or comments received are of editorial nature, you may kindly permit us to presume your approval for the above documents as finalized. However, in case of comments of technical nature are received then it may be finalized either in consultation with the Chairman, Sectional Committee or referred to the Sectional Committee for further necessary action if so desired by the Chairman, Sectional Committee. These documents are also hosted on BIS website www.bis.org.in. Thanking you, Yours faithfully, (A.K. Saini) Sc `F’ & Head (Civil Engg) Encl: as above Tele/Fax: 011 23235529

Transcript of IS 4014,IS 4081,Is 512, IS 5916

Page 1: IS 4014,IS 4081,Is 512, IS 5916

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG, NEW DELHI 110002

DRAFT(S) IN WIDE CIRCULATION

Our Ref: CED 29/T-4,T-5, T-11 & T-12 08 July 2011 Technical Committee: Construction Management (including safety in construction) Sectional Committee, CED 29 ADDRESSED TO : 1. All Members of Civil Engineering Division Council, CEDC 2. All Members of CED 29 3. All other interests

Dear Sir(s),

Please find enclosed the following drafts:

Doc. No. Title

CED 29 (7773) Draft Indian Standard Steel Tubular Scaffolding - Code of Practice: Part 2 Safety Regulations for Scaffolding [First Revision of IS 4014(Part 2)]

CED 29 (7774) Draft Indian Standard Blasting and Related Drilling Operations – Safety Code (Second Revision of IS 4081)

CED 29 (7775) Draft Indian Standard Piling and other Deep Foundations – Safety Code (First Revision of IS 5121)

CED 29 (7776) Draft Indian Standard Constructions Involving Use of Hot Bituminous Materials – Safety Code (First Revision of IS 5916)

Kindly examine the drafts and forward your views stating any difficulties which you are likely to experience in your business or profession if these are finally adopted as National Standard. Last Date for comments: 15 September 2011

Comments if any, may please be made in the format as attached, and mailed to the undersigned at the above address. You are requested to send your comments preferably through e-mail to [email protected].

In case no comments are received or comments received are of editorial nature, you may

kindly permit us to presume your approval for the above documents as finalized. However, in case of comments of technical nature are received then it may be finalized either in consultation with the Chairman, Sectional Committee or referred to the Sectional Committee for further necessary action if so desired by the Chairman, Sectional Committee.

These documents are also hosted on BIS website www.bis.org.in.

Thanking you, Yours faithfully,

(A.K. Saini) Sc `F’ & Head (Civil Engg) Encl: as above Tele/Fax: 011 23235529

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FORMAT FOR SENDING COMMENTS ON THE DOCUMENT [Please use A4 size sheet of paper only and type within fields indicated. Information in column (3) should include reasons for comments, technical references and suggestions for modified wording of the clause when the existing text is found not acceptable. Comments through e-mail ([email protected]) shall be appreciated.] Doc. No.:_____________ BIS Letter Ref: ___________________ Dated: ____________ Title: ____________________________________________________________________ Name of the Commentator/ Organization: ______________________________________

Clause/ Table/ Figure No. Commented

Comments/ Modified Wordings Justification of Proposed Change

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Indian Standard Draft Indian Standard

(Not to be reproduced without the permission of BIS or used as an Indian Standard)

STEEL TUBULAR SCAFFOLDING - CODE OF PRACTICE

Part 2 SAFETY REGULATIONS FOR SCAFOLDING [First Revision of IS 4014(Part 2)]

ICS: 13.100; 77.140.75; 91.220

Construction Management (including safety Last Date for Comments in Construction) Sectional Committee, CED 29 15 September 2011

FOREWORD (Formal clauses will be added later) With the heavy construction programme envisaged, the importance of the use of modern scaffolding cannot be over-emphasized. Steel tubular scaffolding is one of the modern types of scaffolding which can be assembled quickly, and transported and handled easily. It can be dismantled rapidly and re-used and relied upon for long service and life. The Sectional Committee, therefore, felt that a code of practice for steel tubular scaffolding should be formulated and brought out this standard keeping also in the manufacturing and trade practices followed in the country in this field. This standard is published in two parts, Part 1 being on definitions and materials. This Part 2 is intended to act as a guide for the construction and use of scaffolds and other structures of tubular scaffolding material normally used in construction, maintenance, repair and demolition work, which enables persons to obtain access to, to perform work, or which enables materials to be taken to any place at which such work is performed. This Standard was first published in 1967. This first revision has been brought out to incorporate the improvements based on the experienced gained in use of the standard since its last version This revision incorporates the following major modifications:

a) A new clause on design of scaffolding has been included. b) For supervision of scaffolding work, authorized engineer has been

specified in place of authorized safety engineer. c) Provision of preventive displacement of foot of any standard or upright,

by sinking the same into ground has been deleted. d) Appropriate modifications have been made to render the provisions

applicable to all concerned structures rather than only to buildings. e) Use of current terminologies such as ‘safety net’ in place of ‘catching

net’ has been made.

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f) A reference clause has been added and references to concerned

standards formulated since the last version of this standard have been included.

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

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Indian Standard Draft Indian Standard

(Not to be reproduced without the permission of BIS or used as an Indian Standard)

STEEL TUBULAR SCAFFOLDING - CODE OF PRACTICE

Part 2 SAFETY REGULATIONS FOR SCAFOLDING [First Revision of IS 4014(Part 2)]

1 SCOPE This code (Part 2) covers safety provisions to be observed in the design and construction of scaffolding. 2 REFERENCES The following Indian standard contains provisions which through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below:

IS No. Title

IS 2750:1964 Specification for steel scaffoldings IS 14687:1999 Guidelines for falsework for concrete structure

3 PROVISION OF SCAFFOLD AND MEANS OF ACCESS Suitable and sufficient scaffold shall be provided for all work that cannot safely be done from the ground or from part of the structure, or from part of a permanent structure or from a ladder or other available means of support, and sufficient safe means of access shall as far as reasonably practicable, be provided to every place at which any person has at any time to work. 4 DESIGN OF SCAFFOLDING Scaffolding shall be designed in accordance with IS 2750 and IS 14687, and the design shall include use of jointing pins, clamps or other accessories required. 5 SUPERVISION OF WORK AND INSPECTION OF MATERIEL No scaffold shall be erected or be substantially added to or altered or dismantled except under the immediate supervision of a competent person (that is a qualified and authorized engineer) and as far as possible by competent workmen possessing adequate experience of such work. All material for any scaffold shall be inspected by a competent person on each occasion before using.

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6 MAINTENANCE 6.1 All scaffolds shall be properly maintained and every part shall be kept so fixed, secured or placed in a position as to prevent, as far as is practicable, accidental displacement.’ 6.2 No scaffold or part of a scaffold shall be partly dismantled and remain in such a condition that it is capable of being used unless either:

a) the scaffold continues to comply and would, if used, comply ,with these regulations; or

b) if the scaffold or part thereof would, if used, not comply with these regulations, a prominent warning notice indicating that the scaffold or part thereof is not to be used, is affixed near any point at which the scaffold or part, as the case may be, is liable to be approached for the purpose of use.

7 INSPECTION OF SCAFFOLDS 7.1 Subject to provisions of this regulation no scaffold shall be used unless:

a) it has been inspected by a qualified and authorized safety before using;

b) it has been inspected by a qualified and authorized safety engineer within the immediately preceding seven days;

c) it -has been inspected by a qualified and authorized safety engineer since exposure to weather conditions likely to have affected its stability or to have displaced any part; and

d) a report of the results of any such inspection certifying that the scaffold is suitable for use signed by the person making the inspection has been entered into a register to be kept at the worksite.

7.2 The requirement of 7.1 (a) and (b) shall not apply in the case of a scaffold no part of which has been erected for more than seven days, and 7.1 (d) shall not apply to a ladder scaffold, a trestle scaffold or a scaffold from no part of which a person is liable to fall more than 2.0 m. 7.3 The requirements of 7.1 shall not require a scaffold to be inspected by reason only that it has been added to, altered or partly dismantled. 8 SCAFFOLDS USED BY WORKMEN OF MORE THAN ONE EMPLOYER Where a scaffold or part of a scaffold is to be used by or on behalf of any employer other than the employer for whose workmen it was first erected, the first mentioned employer shall, before such use, and without prejudice to any other obligations imposed upon him by these regulations, take express steps, either personally or by a competent agent, to satisfy himself that the scaffold or part thereof is stable, that the materials used in its construction are sound and that the safeguards required by these regulations are in position.

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9 SUPPORT AND STABILITY OF SCAFFOLDS 9.1 The displacement of foot of any standard or upright shall, unless prevented in some other sufficient way, be prevented by placing the standard or upright on an adequate base plate on top of timber sole plate in a manner to prevent slipping or sinking. 9.2 Every scaffold shall be securely supported or suspended and shall where necessary be sufficiently and properly strutted or braced to ensure stability and, unless it is properly designed and constructed as an independent scaffold, shall be rigidly connected with the structure. 9.3 All structures and appliances used as supports for scaffolds, working platforms, gangways or ramps shall be of sound construction, have a firm footing or be firmly supported, and shall where necessary be sufficiently and properly strutted or braced to ensure stability. 9.4 Any travelling scaffold which may be moved on wheels or skids shall, unless it is a suspended or slung scaffolds, shall be:

a) constructed with due regard to stability, and, if necessary for stability, adequately weighted at the base;

b) used only on a firm and even surface, not so sloping as to involve risk of instability of the scaffold or any load thereon;

c) adequately secured to prevent movement when any person is working upon it; and

d) moved only by the application of a force at or near the base without overturning.

9.5 Loose bricks, drain pipes, chimney pots or other unsuitable material shall not be used for the construction or support of scaffolds. However, bricks or small blocks may, if they provide a firm support, be used to support a platform not more than 0.5 m above the ground or floor. 9.6 No part of a structure shall be used as support for part of a scaffold unless it is of sound material and sufficiently stable and of sufficient strength to afford safe support. Overhanging eaves, gutters shall not be used as such supports unless they have been specially designed as walkways and are of adequate strength. 10 CANTILEVER, JIB, FIGURE AND BRACKET SCAFFOLDS, ETC 10.1 No cantilever or jib scaffold shall be used unless it is adequately supported, fixed and anchored on the opposite side of the support, has outriggers of adequate length and cross-section and is where necessary sufficiently and properly strutted or braced to ensure rigidity and stability. 10.2 No working platform resting on bearers let into a wall at one end and without other support shall be used unless the bearers are of adequate strength, pass through the wall and are securely fastened on the other side.

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11 TRESTLE SCAFFOLDS 11.1 No trestle scaffold shall be used:

a) if constructed with more than three tiers; or b) if it has working platform more than 4.50 m above the ground or floor

or other surface upon which the scaffold is erected. 11.2 No trestle scaffold shall be erected on a scaffold platform unless:

a) the width of the platform is such as to leave sufficient clear space for the transport of materials; and

b) the trestles or uprights are firmly attached to the platform an adequately braced to prevent displacement.

11.3 No trestle scaffold shall be erected on a suspended scaffold. 11.4 No figure or bracket scaffold supported or held by dogs, spikes or similar fixings liable to pull out of the stonework or brickwork in which they are gripped or fixed shall be used. 12 WORKING PLATFORMS ( INCLUDING WORKING STAGES ) 12.1 Every working platform from which a person is liable to fall more than 2.0 m shall be:

a) closely boarded, planked, or plated; b) at least 700 mm wide if the platform is used as a footing only and not

for the deposit of any material; c) at least 900 mm wide if the platform is used for the deposit of material; d) at least 1100 mm wide if the platform is used for the support of any

higher platform; e) at least 1300 mm wide if the platform is one upon which stone is

dressed or roughly shaped; and f) at least 15QO mm wide if the platform is used for the support of any

higher platform and is one upon which stone is dressed or roughly shaped.’

12.2 Requirement of 12.1 (a) shall not apply to a platform consisting of open metalzork having interstices none of which exceeds 40 cm2 in area, if there is no risk of persons below such platform being struck by tools or other object falling through the platform. 12.3 Requirement of 12.1 (a) shall not apply to a platform which is part of the permanent fixed equipment of a structure and the boards, planks or plates of which are so secured as to prevent their moving and so placed that the space between adjacent boards, planks or plates does not exceed 25 mm, if there is no risk of persons below such platform being struck by tools or other objects falling through the platform. 12.4 Requirements of 12.1 (b) to (f) shall not apply to a working platform which is at least 500 mm wide, and is on the outside of any sloping roof.

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12.5 Requirements of 12.1 (b) and (c) shall not apply in the case of the platform of a suspended scaffold, or in the case of a platform not less than 500 mm wide being the platform of a ladder scaffold or of a trestle scaffold or being a platform under a roof which is supported by or suspended from roof members or the roof and which is used only by painters for the purpose of painting work in the vicinity of the roof, where in any such case the work is of such a light nature and the material required for the work is such that a platform less than 700 or 900 mm wide, as the case may be, can be used with safety, and the platform is not used for the support of any higher platform. 12.6 Requirements of 12.1 (b) and (c) shall not apply in the case of a temporary platform not less than 500 mm wide passing between two adjacent glazing bars of a sloping roof if the space between those bars does not admit of the platform being at least 700 mm wide and if the platform is used only for work in the vicinity of those bars. 13 BOARDS AND PLANKS IN WORKING PLATFORMS, GANGWAYS AND RAMPS 13.1 Every board or plank forming part of a platform or used as a toe board shall be:

a) of a thickness (minimum 32 mm ) which is such as to afford adequate security having regard to the distance between the transoms, putlogs, board bearers or standards; and

b) not less than 200 mm wide or in the case of boards or planks exceeding 50 mm in thickness, not less than 150 mm wide.

13.2 The distance between two consecutive transoms, putlogs, board bearers or other supports on which a platform rests shall be fixed with due regard to the anticipated load and the nature of platform flooring. As a general rule the distance with single planking shall not exceed 1000 mm with planks 32 mm in thickness, 1500 mm with planks 38 mm ’ in thickness, or 2600 mm with planks 50 mm in thickness. 13.3 No board or plank which forms part of a working platform, gangway or ramp shall project beyond its end support to a distance exceeding four times the thickness of the board or plank unless it is effectively secured to prevent tipping, or to a distance which, having regard to the thickness and strength of the plank renders the projecting part of the plank an unsafe support for any weight liable to be upon it. 13.4 At the joints, boards generally should be butted, but lapping is permissible if bevelled pieces of wood are fitted, or other suitable measures taken to minimize the risk -of tripping. 13.4.1 Suitable measures such as the provision of adequate beveled pieces shall be taken to reduce to a minimum the risk of tripping and to facilitate the movement of barrows where boards or planks which form part of a working platform, gangway or run overlap each other or are not of reasonably uniform thickness where they

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meet each other or owing to warping or for some other reason do not provide an even surface. 13.5 Every board or plank which forms part of a working platform shall:

a) rest securely and evenly on its supports, and b) rest on at least three supports unless, taking into account the distance

between the supports and the thickness of the board or plank, the conditions are such as to prevent undue sagging.

13.6 Where work has to be done at the end of a wall the working platform at such wall shall, wherever practicable, extend at least 600 mm beyond the end of the wall. 14 GUARD-RAILS AND TOE-BOARD AT WORKING PLACES 14.1 Every side of a working platform or working place, being a side thereof from which a person is liable to fall, a distance of more than 2 m shall be provided one or more suitable guard-rail on guard-rails of adequate strength, to a height of at least 900 mm (but maximum 1200 mm)above the platform or place and above any raised standing place on the platform, and with toe-boards up to a sufficient height being in no case less than 150 mm and so placed as to prevent so far as possible the fall of persons, materials and tools from such platform or place. 14.2 The guard-rails and toe-boards used on a working platform or working place shall be placed on the inside of the uprights, and the space between any toe-board and the lowest guard-rail above it shall not exceed 750 mm. 14.3 Guard-rails and toe-boards required by 14.1 and 14.2 may be removed or remain unerected for the time being and to the extent necessary for the access of persons or the movement of materials. 14.4 The requirements of 14.1 and 14.2, shall not apply to a platform provided with suitable guard-rails which is on the outside of a sloping roof. 14.5 The requirements of 14.1 and 14.2 shall not apply to a temporary platform which is used only by erectors of structural steelwork for the purposes of bolting up, riveting or welding work of such short duration as to make the provision of a platform with guard-rails and toe-boards unreasonable if:

a) the platform is at least 900 mm wide, b) there is adequate handhold, and c) the platform is not used for the deposit of tools or materials otherwise

than in boxes or receptacles suitable to prevent the fall of the tools or materials from the platform.

14.6 The requirements of 14.1 and 14.2 shall not apply to. a temporary platform passing between two adjacent glazing bars of a sloping roof if those bars or the roof framework afford secure handhold for the full length of the platform, and the requirements of toe-boards as specified in clauses under 14 shall not apply as respects such platform where and is so far as the provision of a toe-board is impracticable on account of the nature or circumstances of the work.

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14.7 The requirements of 14.1 and 14.2 shall not apply to a platform under a roof which is supported by or suspended from roof members or the roof and which is used only by painters for the purpose of painting work in the immediate vicinity of the roof, being work of such short duration as to make the provision of a platform with guard-rails and toe-boards unreasonable, if:

a) there is adequate handhold at every working position, and b) the material required for the work is such that the platform can be

used with safety. 15 WORKING PLATFORM AT FACE OF STRUCTURE AND CLEARANCE OF PASSAGE WAYS 15.1 Where work at the face of structure is done from a working platform the space between the face of the building and the working platform shall be as small as practicable so that where workmen sit at the edge of the platform to work the space shall not exceed 300 mm. 15.2 A clear passage way of at least 500 mm wide shall be left between one side of any working platform and any fixed obstruction or deposited material. 16 CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF GANGWAYS AND RAMPS 16.1 Every gangway or ramp from any part of which a person is liable to fall, a distance of more than 2 m shall:

a) be closely boarded, planked or plated; and b) be at least 500 mm wide.

16.2 The requirement of 16.1 (a) shall not apply:

a) to a gangway or ramp consisting of open metalwork having interstices none of which exceeds 40 cm2 in area, if there is no risk of persons below such gangway or ramp being struck by tools or other objects falling through the gangway or ramp;

b) to a gangway or ramp which is part of the permanent fixed equipment of a structure and the boards, plates or planks of which are so secured as to prevent their moving and so placed that the space between adjacent boards, planks or plates does not exceed 25 mm, if there is no risk of persons below such gangway or ramp being struck by tools or other objects falling through the gangway or ramp.

16.3 No gangway, ramp or working platform shall be used for the passage of materials unless it affords a clear passage way which is adequate in width for the passage of the materials without removal of the guardrails and toe-boards and in any case is not less than 700 mm wide. 16.4 All planks forming a gangway or ramp shall be so fixed and supported as to prevent undue or unequal sagging.

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16.5 No gangway or ramp shall be used, the slope of which exceeds 1 vertical to 1.5 horizontal. 16.6 Where the slope of gangway or ramp renders additional foot holes necessary and in every case where the slope is more than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal, there shall be provided proper stepping laths which shall:

a) be placed at suitable intervals, maximum 500 mm apart; and b) be the full width of the gangway or ramps, except that they may be

interrupted over a width of not more than 100 mm to facilitate the movement of barrows,

16.7 Ramps may have a continuous length maximum 7 m without landing. 17 GUARD-RAILS, TOE-BOARDS, HAND-RAILS, ETC, FOR GANGWAYS, RAMPS AND STAIRS 17.1 Stairs shall be provided throughout their length with hand-rails or other efficient means to prevent the fall of persons except for the time and to the extent necessary for the access of persons or the movement of materials. If necessary to prevent danger to any person the band-rails shall be extended minimum 1.0 m beyond the ends of the stairs. 17.2 All gangways, ramps and stairs from which a person is liable to fall a distance of more than 2 m shall be provided with:

a) suitable guard-rails of adequate strength to a height of at least900 mm (but maximum 1200 mm ) above the gangway, ramp or stair; and

b) except in the case of stairs, toe-boards up to a sufficient height being

in no case less than 200 mm and so placed as to prevent as far as possible the fall of persons, materials and tools. The space between any such toe-board and the lowest guard-rail above it shall not exceed 700 mm.

17.3 The requirements of 17.2 shall not apply to a temporary gangway which is used only by erectors of structural steelwork for the purposes of bolting up, riveting or welding work of such short duration as to make the provision of a gangway with guard-rails and toe-boards unreasonable. 18. PLATFORMS, GANGWAYS, ETC, TO BE UNOBSTRUCTED AND TO AFFORD SAFE FOOTHOLD 18.1 Every platform, gangway, ramp or stair shall be kept free from any unnecessary obstruction, material or rubbish and from any projecting nails. 18.2 If a platform, gangway, ramp or stair becomes slippery, appropriate steps shall as soon as reasonably practicable be taken by way of sending, cleaning or otherwise to remedy the defect.

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19 SCAFFOLDS NOT TO BE OVERLOADED Scaffolds shall not be overloaded and materials shall not be kept upon them unless needed for work within a reasonable time. 20 AVOIDANCE OF SHOCK ON SCAFFOLDS When any material is transferred on or to a scaffold it shall be moved or deposited without imposing any violent shock. 21 PROJECTING NAILS AND LOOSE MATERL4LS 21.1 No timber or material with projecting nails shall be used in any work in which they are a source of danger to persons employed or be allowed to remain in any place where they are a source of danger to such persons. 21.2 Loose materials where not required for use shall not be placed or left so as to impede the passage of persons upon platforms, gangways, floors, or other places on the site used for such passage, but shall be removed, stacked or stored so as to leave such places free from obstruction. Materials shall not be insecurely stacked in a place where they may be dangerous to persons employed, or so stacked as to overload and render unsafe any floor, roof or other part of a building/structure. 22 LIGHTING OF WORKING PLACES Every working place and approach thereto, every place where raising or lowering operations with the use of a lifting appliance are in progress, and all openings dangerous to persons employed, shall be adequately and suitably lighted. 23 ELECTRICAL WIRING The setting up of a scaffold near unprotected current carrying wires or equipment, or insulated wires and equipment shall be started only when the lines have been disconnected. The wiring shall be disconnected by skilled persons or protected against accidental contact. After the erection of scaffold the wires may be made to carry the current only when sufficient safety measures have been adopted to avoid accidental contact. 24 SCAFFOLDS AND TRAFFIC 24.1 During the setting up and dismantling of scaffolds, warning signs, safety cardons and other safety measures shall be provided to ensure safety for the traffic. 24.2 Scaffolds shall be protected against accidental collisions with the traffic. A clear height of 2.5 m shall be maintained over pedestrian traffic areas. Up to a height of 4.5 m, all parts of the scaffolds shall remain at least 0.8 m behind the front edge of the curb. 24.3 Scaffolds built over street pavement shall preferably have a through passage for the pedestrians the clear height of the passage being minimum 2.5 m. The roof

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of the passage should be closely boarded or suitably covered with roofing-sheets, tarpaulin or other materials as protection from falling materials. 24.4 Scaffolds on through fares shall be provided with light if the street light is not sufficient to make it clearly visible. 24.5 Access to fire alarms, cable tunnels, hydrants, etc, shall remain free at all times. Care should be taken for underground cables and equipment also. This is specially important when parts of scaffolds or other fasteners have to be driven in the ground. 24.6 Trees and street poles shall be cordoned, so that they are not damaged. 25 PROTECTION FROM FALLING MATERIALS AND PROTECTION OF WORKERS FROM FALLING DOWN 25.1 Any place on the site of the operations at which any person is habitually employed shall be covered in such manner as to protect any person who is working in that place from being struck by falling materials or article. 25.2 Scaffold materials, tools and other objects and materials (including waste materials) shall not be thrown, tipped or shot down from a height where they are liable to cause injury, but shall be properly lowered; in any place where proper lowering is not practicable and also where any part of a structure is being demolished or bracken off adequate shall be taken, where necessary, to protect persons employed from falling or flying debris. 25.3 When the work is done above an open space at a height of more than 5.0 m, catching scaffold or safety net shall be set up to protect those working on floors or roofs against falling down, and also to stop building materials and tools from falling. Depending on the conditions these may be set up as independent scaffolds, cantilever scaffold, suspended scaffold or mobile scaffold. Further, these may be built up by laying scaffolds boards on beams or rafters of the structure under construction or by attaching the boards to room trusses, crane rails or similar structural members. 25.3.1 When building/structure with precast concrete parts of setting up wooden or steel structures which are already tied up for assembly and it is not possible to fix a catching scaffold or a safety net, it is necessary that only such workers are employed who have experience in this kind of work. 25.3.2 The width of the catching scaffold shall depend on the height from the scaffold covering to the place of work and generally be as follows:

Height up to 2.0 m 3.0 m 4.0 m Minimum width 1.0 m l.3 m 1.8 m

25.4 For the purpose of only preventing workers falling down, instead of catching scaffold a safety net or strong fabric or individual person safety belt may he used if it can be fixed and secured perfectly. The traffic below the catching nets etc shall be stopped as safety measure against building materials falling through.

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25.5 When working on pavement, street or driveway, to avoid disturbance of traffic unnecessarily by dust or mortar, scaffolds should be covered at the sides by protection coverings, for example, timber plank, tarpaulin, cloth or roofing sheets. For working on gables which are not directly above traffic and on the courtyard side, it is sufficient to block the ways.

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Draft Indian Standard (Not to be reproduced without the permission of BIS or used as an Indian Standard)

BLASTING AND RELATED DRILLING OPERATIONS - SAFETY CODE

(Second Revision of IS 4081)

ICS: 13.230; 93.020

Construction Management (including safety Last Date for Comments in Construction) Sectional Committee, CED 29 15 September 2011

FOREWORD (Formal clauses will be added later) Blasting and drilling is a specialized job involving a lot of hazards which often lead to accidents. It is necessary, therefore, that certain safety precautions are laid down for various operations involved in the process of blasting and drilling for the guidance of those who are engaged in this work with a view to minimizing the risk of accidents and injuries. This standard was first formulated in 1967 and was first revised in 1986 to incorporate developments in view of the advancement made in the field of blasting and drilling processes and the revision incorporated modifications to the safety rules relating to various operations involved like transportation of explosives and their storage, issuing of explosives, the drilling and loading operations, electrical shot firing and safety fire blasting. This second revision has been brought out to incorporate the improvements based on the experienced gained in use of the standard since its last version. It also now incorporates the requirement of compliance to the statutory requirements relating to explosives, blasting and related drilling operations, etc. Also, cross references to other Indian Standards in this standard have been updated. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

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Draft Indian Standard

(Not to be reproduced without the permission of BIS or used as an Indian Standard)

BLASTING AND RELATED DRILLING OPERATIONS - SAFETY CODE (Second Revision of IS 4081)

1 SCOPE This standard lays down the safety requirements for blasting and related drilling operations in locations other than mines. 2 REFERENCES The standards listed below contains provisions which through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below:

IS No. Title IS 2878:2004 Specification for fire extinguishers, carbon

dioxide types (portable and trolly mounted) (second revision)

IS 5878(Pt 2/Sec 1 ):1970 Code of practice for construction of tunnel: Part 2 Underground excavation rock, Section 1 Drilling and blasting

3 TERMINOLOGY 3.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply. 3.1 Blaster – The person assigned the duty of loading and blasting the explosives. 3.2 Blasting Cap – A shell closed at one end and containing a charge of detonating compound, which is ignited from a spark. It is used for detonating explosives. 3.3 Detonator – Any device containing a detonating charge that is used for initiating detonation in an explosive. The term includes, but is not limited to, electric blasting caps of instantaneous and delay types blasting caps for use with safety fuse and detonating cord delay connectors. 3.4 Electric Blasting Cap – A shell containing a charge of detonating compound which is ignited by an electric current from two projecting insulated leg wires.

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3.5 Explosive – Any mixture or chemical compound which is capable of producing an explosion by its own energy. This includes black powder, dynamite, nitroglycerine compounds, fulminate, or explosive substance having explosive power equal to or greater than black powder. 3.6 Magazine – Any building or other structure used for the storage of explosives. 3.7 Missed Hole – A drilled hole containing an explosive charge that failed to explode. 3.8 Permanent Blasting Wires – Wires between the firing switches, for use in blasting where the power source is an electric circuit. 3.9 Primer – An explosive cartridge with a detonator or igniting agent inserted therein. 3.10 Safety Fuse/Detonating Fuse – A medium manufactured especially for firing explosive charges, that conveys a flame at uniform rate rather than one that is in itself a detonator or one that operates on some other principle. 3.11 Stemming – Material used for confining a charge of explosives in a hole or to cover explosives in mudcapping. 4 COMPLIANCE TO STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS Notwithstanding the provisions of this standard, all relevant statutory provisions under the relevant act, rules and regulations relating to explosives, blasting and related drilling operations, etc shall be complied with. 5 TRANSPORTATION OF EXPLOSIVES 5.1 All the relevant central, state and local laws and rules and regulations framed thereunder shall be complied and necessary licence obtained. Loading, unloading and handling of explosives shall be supervised by qualified personnel. At the time of loading or unloading of explosives, no electrical switch should be operated. 5.2 Containers – For carrying small quantity (up to 5 kg of explosives) specially designed insulated containers may be used. These containers shall be constructed of finished wood not less than 50 mm thick or plastic not less than 6 mm thick or pressed fibre not less than 10 mm thick. Metal components, including nails, bolts, screws, etc, shall not be used in the construction of the containers, which shall be waterproof and provided with lids. The containers shall be provided with suitable non-conductive carrying device, such as rubber, leather or canvas handle or strap. 5.2.1 Each explosive container should be clearly and indelibly marked to indicate:

a) manufacturer’s name or trade mark, b) name of the explosive, c) lot number,

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d) date of manufacture, e) expiry date, and f) the words ‘ EXPLOSIVES, HANDLE WITH CARE ‘.

5.2.2 Containers used for storing explosives or detonators shall be used for that item only. 5.3 Vehicles 5.3.1 The vehicles used for transporting explosive shall be driven only by a licenced driver who is physically fit and is familiar with the precautions to be taken while carrying the explosives in his vehicles. All vehicles used for transporting explosives shall be maintained in good working condition. 5.3.2 The body-work of each vehicle shall preferably be of the completely enclosed type with a properly fitting door and locking arrangement; ‘the body-work shall be leak-proof. In open bodied vehicles, the floor shall be leak-proof, the sides and ends shall be of sufficient height to prevent the explosives from falling off the vehicle and the explosives shall be covered with a waterproof and flame resistant tarpaulin. 5.3.2.1 The interior of the body shall not have any exposed metal parts, except those of copper, brass and other non-sparking metals, and shall preferably be lined with wood. 5.3.2.2 The chassis of the vehicles shall be well sprung, the unsprung country carts shall not be used for the transportation of explosives. The tyre pressures shall be maintained as per the requirements of the Indian Explosives Regulations. 5.3.2.3 The exterior of the body shall be conspicuously marked on both sides and ends with the word ‘ EXPLOSIVES ‘, painted is not less than 100 mm high letters in white over a red background in English and local language. 5.3.3 AI1 electrical wiring and equipment of vehicles shall be adequately insulated and protected against mechanical damage to prevent shortcircuiting. 5.3.4 Two carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, each. of not less than 3 kg capacity, conforming to IS 2878, shall be carried on each vehicles. The extinguishers shall be securely mounted on the vehicles in such a manner that they can be readily removed for use in an emergency. 5.3.5 A motor vehicle carrying explosives shall not be re-fueled except in emergencies and even then only when the motor has been stopped and other precautions have been taken to prevent accidents. 5.3.6 All motor vehicles used for transportation of explosives shall be carefully inspected at the beginning of the day’s work to ensure that:

a) the vehicle is in good condition in all respects for safe transportation of explosives;

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b) the chassis, engine and body are clean and free from surplus oil and

grease; c) the fuel system of the vehicle, including the fuel tank(s) is free from

leakage; d) all electrical wiring and equipment are in sound condition; e) lights, brakes and steering mechanism are in good working order; f) the tire extinguishers are serviceable and in position on the vehicle; and g) Driver is trained in the use of extinguishers on his vehicle.

5.4 Safety Precautions Safety precautions outlined in 5.4.1 to 5.4.12 shall be observed for transportation of explosives. 5.4.1 No metals except approved metal truck bodies shall be allowed to come in contact with cases of explosives. Metal, flammable, or corrosive substances shall not be transported with explosives. As far as possible, transportation of any other material along with explosives shall be prohibited. 5.4.2 Smoking shall be prohibited in the vehicle carrying explosives and in its vicinity. 5.4.3 No unauthorized person shall be allowed in the vehicle carrying explosives. 5.4.4 Explosives and detonators of blasting caps shall not be permitted to be transported in the same vehicle. 5.4.5 Detonators and other explosives for blasting shall be transported to the site of work in the original containers or in securely locked separate non-metallic container and shall not be carried loose or mixed with other materials. 5.4.6 Care should be taken in loading and unloading of explosives. The filled containers shall not be handled roughly or dropped. 5.4.7 Drivers shall not leave the vehicles unattended while transporting explosives. 5.4.8 The speed of the vehicle shall not exceed 25 km/h on rough roads and 40 km/h elsewhere. 5.4.9 Vehicles, transporting explosives shall not be taken into a garage, repair shop or parked in congested areas, public parkings or similar places. 5.4.10 Explosives shall not be transported in trailers. Further, any trailer shall not be attached to a motor truck or vehicle when it is being used in transporting explosives. 5.4.11 Explosives shall not be transported on public highways during darkness, except in emergencies and even then only when the written approval of the project authorities has been obtained. Such vehicles shall be fitted with adequate warning lights on both ends, while operating in darkness.

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5.4.12 Explosives shall not be transferred from one vehicle to another on public highways. except in cases of emergency. 5.5 Weight of Consignments The quantity of explosives that may be transported by different modes of transport shall be as given in 5.5.1 and 5.5.2. 5.5.1 For transportation by rail, unless otherwise permitted, quantity of explosive in any wagon shall not exceed 4 500 kg. The minimum gross wagon load (inclusive of weight of packing cases) shall be 3 000 kg, which is approximately equal to 102 cases of explosives if packed in wooden cases or 114 cases if packed in fibre board cases. 5.5.2 For transportation by road, the quantity of explosive carried in any single vehicle shall not exceed 75 percent of the rated load carrying capacity of that vehicle or 3 600 kg, whichever is less. 6 STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVES 6.1 Storage of explosives is regulated by the Indian Explosives Act and provision thereunder should be strictly observed. 6.2 Explosives shall be stored only in a magazine which is clean, dry, well ventilated, reasonably cool, correctly located, protected against lightning in accordance with Indian Electricity Act and Indian Explosives Act and rules and regulations framed thereunder substantially constructed bullet and fire resistant and securely locked. 6.3 The storage should be done in such a way that the first stored should be used first and to have this facility, the explosives should be stored in sequence. 6.4 Blasting caps, electric blasting caps or primers shall not be stored in the same box, container or room with other explosives. 6.5 Explosives, fuse or fuse lighters shall not be stored in a damp or wet place or near oil, gasoline, cleaning solutions or solvents or near radiators, steam pipes, or other sources of heat. 6.6 Smoking and use of matches, naked lights and readily flammable articles or open fires/flame shall be prohibited within the fenced area around it. Suitable notices to this effect shall be conspicuously posted at appropriate locations (see also 6.15 ). 6.7 An area up to a distance of not less than 8 m on all sides of the magazine shall be maintained free of all vegetation, debris and combustibles. Oily cotton rags/waste and articles liable to spontaneous ignition shall not be allowed in or near the magazine. 6.8 Metals, metallic objects and metal tools that are capable of producing sparks shall not be stored or used inside or in the immediate vicinity of the magazine.

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6.9 If nitroglycerine from deteriorated explosives has leaked down onto the floor of the explosive magazine, the floor shall be desensitized by washing thoroughly with an agent obtained before hand from the supplier of the explosives. For this purpose, desensitizing agents and the instructions for using them shall always be obtained along with the supply of nitroglycerine. 6.10 Magazine shoes, without nails, shall be kept at all times in the magazine, and a wooden tub or cement trough, approximately 300 mm high and 450 mm in diameter, filled with water shall be fixed near the door of the magazine. Persons entering the magazine shall put on the magazine shoes provided for the purpose, and be careful not be allow the magazine shoes to touch the ground outside clear floor. Persons with bare feet shall, before entering the magazine, dip their feet in water, and then step direct from the tub over the barrier ( if there is one ) on to the clear floor. 6.11 A brush or broom shall be kept in the lobby of the magazine for cleaning the magazine on each occasion it is opened for the receipt, delivery of inspection of explosives. 6.12 Boxes of explosives shall not be thrown down or dragged along the floor and may be stacked on wooden trestles. Where there are white ants, the legs of the trestles should rest in shallow copper, lead or brass bowls, containing water. 6.13 Packages containing explosives shall not be allowed to remain in the sun. 6.14 Empty boxes or packing materials shall not be stored or permitted to be around, inside or in the vicinity of the magazine. 6.15 Adequate quantity of water and fire fighting equipment shall be provided in the magazine. Guards (see 6.17) shall be properly trained m handling such equipment. 6.16 Signboards reading “DANGER-HIGH EXPLOSIVES” “PROTECTED AREA” “NO SMOKING“, etc, shall be prominently displayed in front of the magazine. 6.17 Well trained armed guard shall be posted to guard the magazine. 6.18 The following shall be hung up in the lobby of the magazine:

a) A copy of Explosives rules, b) A statement showing the stock in the magazine, and c) Certificate showing the last date of testing of the lightning conductor.

6.19 For continued blasting-operations, the magazine shall be located at a safe distance near the work-site and actual requirements of explosives for each blast may be drawn and transported to the site; left overs, if any, must be immediately returned to the magazine. Where the blasting operations extend to several scattered sites and/or one of a short duration, portable magazines shall be used. Each such magazine shall be located at a safe distance from the work site, enclosed in a fence and properly guarded.

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7 HANDLING AND USE OF EXPLOSIVES 7.1 Handling of explosives shall be avoided during thunderstorm or when thunderstorm is expected. safety. All persons shall retire to place of safety. 7.2 Any package containing explosives shall not be dragged, dropped or handled roughly. The packages shall be opened at a safe distance and at a shielded location vis-a-vis the magazine. 7.3 Sparking metal tools shall not be used to open kegs of explosives. 7.4 Smoking shall not be permitted nor matches. open lights, fire, flame, or any other device capable of producing sparks or flame shall be carried while handling or using explosives. 7.5 Explosives shall not be placed where these may be exposed to flame excessive heat, sparks or impact. 7.6 The covers of the explosive cases or packages shall be replaced every time after taking out part of the contents as long as any explosives are left in them. 7.7 Explosives shall not be carried in the pockets or folds of clothing by any person. 7.8 Primers shall not be made up in a magazine, or near excessive quantity of explosives, or in excess of immediate needs. 7.9 Nothing shall be inserted in the open end of a blasting cap except fuses. 7.10 No person shall strike, tamper with, or attempt to remove or investigate the contents of a blasting cap or an electric blasting cap or attempt to pull out the crimped safety fuse out of a blasting cap. 7.11 Children and unauthorized or unnecessary persons shall not be present where explosives are being handled or used. 7.12 No attempt shall be made to soften hard set explosives by heating over a fire pr by rolling the explosive on the ground. 7.13 The blasting powder, explosives, detonators, fuses, etc, shall be in good condition and not damaged due to damp moisture or any other cause. They shall be inspected before use and damaged articles shall be discarded totally and removed immediately. 7.14 No attempt shall be made to reclaim or use fuses, blasting caps, electric blasting caps or any other explosives which have been water soaked, even if these have been dried out. The manufacturers shall be consulted.

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8 DRILLING AND LOADING 8.1 Blasting shall be carried out only, with the permission of the engineer-in-charge. The blasting operation shall remain in the charge of competent and experienced supervisor and workmen who are thoroughly acquainted with the details of handling explosives and blasting operations. All the materials, tools and equipment used for blasting operations shall be of approve type. 8.2 No drilling shall be started until previous holes in the blasted area are flushed with air and water. 8.3 The blaster shall be competent and qualified by reason of his training, knowledge or experience in the field of transporting, storing, handling, and using of explosives and having a working knowledge of Rules and Regulations pertaining to explosives. The blaster shall be in good physical condition and not be under influence of drugs, alcohol, intoxicants, etc. 8.4 While planning drilling operations for blasting purposes, consideration must be given to the nature of startum and the overburden with a view to avoiding the possibilities of land-slides after blasting. 8.5 The face of rock shall be carefully examined before drilling, to determine the possible presence of unfired explosive. No attempt shall be made to drill at a site if undenoted explosives are suspected. In all such cases action shall be taken according to 12.5. 8.6 The position of all holes to be drilled shall be marked out with white paint. 8.7 The bore hole shall be carefully checked for length, presence of water, dust, etc, with a wooden tamping pole or a measuring tape before loading. It shall be cleared of all debris before explosives are inserted. 8.8 The diameter of the bore of each hole shall be greater than the outside diameter of the cartridges of explosive. The line of detonating fuse extending into a bore hole shall be cut from the spool before loading the remainder of the charge. Use of short pieces of fuse shall be prohibited for detonation purposes. 8.9 Surplus explosives shall not be stacked near working areas during loading. 8.10 Loading and drilling shall not be carried out at the same time in the same area. 8.11 A bore hole shall not be loaded with explosives after springing (enlarging the hole with explosives) or upon completion of drilling without making sure that it is cool and that it does not contain any hot metal, burning or smoldering materials. Temperatures in excess of 65°C are dangerous. 8.12 A bore hole near another hole loaded with explosives shall not be sprung.

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8.13 Cartridges or explosives shall not be forced down a bore hole or on obstruction in a bore hole. 8.14 Blaster shall keep an accurate up-to-date record of explosives, blasting agents, blasting supplies used in a blast and shall keep an accurate running inventory of all explosives and blasting agents stored at operation-site. 8.15 No force shall be used for inserting a blasting cap or an electric blasting cap into explosive. The cap shall be inserted into a hole made with a pricker designed for the purpose. A hitch of the electric blasting cap leading wire shall be made on the primer cartridge so as to prevent pulling out of the electric blasting cap from the explosive charge. In case of detonating fuse, the fuse shall be tied to the explosive cartridge so that the blasting cap is not pulled out. Care shall be taken so that the electric blasting cap, loading wire or the length of the safety fuse does not get damaged during loading of the charge. 8.16 No attempt shall be made to slit, drop, deform or abuse the primer. 8.17 No holes shall be loaded except those to be fired on the next round of blasting and after blasting, all remaining explosives and detonators shall be immediately returned to an authorized magazine. 8.18 Blasting caps or electric blasting caps shall not be connected to detonating fuse except by methods recommended by the manufacturers 8.19 No cartridge shall be cut or explosive removed from it for any purpose whatsoever. 8.20 Metallic devices of any kind shall not be used in tamping. Wooden tamping tools with no exposed metal parts except non-sparking metal connectors for jointed poles shall be used. Violent tamping shall be avoided. Primer shall not be tamped. 8.21 Care shall be taken to confine the explosives in the bore hole with sand, earth, clay or other suitable non-combustible stemming material. 8.22 Kinking or injuring of fuse or electric blasting cap wires shall be avoided when tamping. 8.23 No person shall be allowed to deepen drill boles which have contained explosives or blasting agents or insert a drill, pick or bore in butts of old holes even if examination fails to disclose explosives. 8.24 Drilling shall not be resumed after blasts have been fired until a thorough examination has been made to make sure that there are no unexploded charges in the remaining butts of old holes or otherwise, which the drills may strike. 8.25 Rock drillers shall be equipped with approved respirators for use in sillicious dusty atmosphere arising out of drilling operations.

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8.26 In tunnelling work, welding/cutting of metal shall not be done, inside the tunnel at the time of loading at the face, until the, blast has been fired. 9 ELECTRICAL SHOT-FIRING CIRCUlT 9.1 In deciding the sizes of wire, fuses, circuits, blasting switches, etc, instructions issued by the manufacturers of these articles shall be folio wed. 9.2 No person shall attempt to uncoil the wires and open out the short circuited bare loading wires of the electric blasting cap during approach of dust storm or near any source of large charge of static electricity or near a radio transmitter. The manufacturer of the cap or the Collector of Explosives shall be consulted regarding the distance from the transmitter beyond which electric blasting shall be conducted. 9.3 Firing circuit shall be kept completely insulated from the ground or other conductors, such as bare wires, rails, pipes or other paths of stray current. 9.4 There shall not be any electric live wires or cables of any kind near electric blasting caps or other explosives except at the time and for the purpose of firing the blast. 9.5 All electric blasting caps shall be tested singly and also when connected in a circuit in series using only an approved type of circuit continuity tester or ohmmeter. 9.6 No attempt shall be made to use in the same circuit either electrical blasting caps made by more than one manufacturer or electric blasting caps of different design or function even if made by the same manufacturers unless such use is approved by the manufacturers. 9.7 No attempt shall be made to fire a circuit of electric blasting caps with less than the minimum current specified by the manufacturer of that electric blasting cap. 9.8 Care shall be taken to ensure that all wire ends for electrical connections are bright and clean. 9.9 The electric cap wires or loading wires shall be kept short circuited until ready to fire. 9.10 When energy for blasting is taken from power circuits, the voltage shall not exceed 220 V. The wiring and controlling arrangements shall conform to the following:

a) The blasting switch shall be strictly according to the specifications, externally operated double-pole double throw switch, which when locked in the open position will short circuit and ground the leading wires. The switch shall be installed at the location where the firing is to be controlled;

b) A ‘safety ’ switch of the same type as the blasting switch shall be installed between the blasting switch and the firing circuit and lead lines, at a distance not to exceed 180 cm from the blasting switch; and

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c) Both the safety switch and the blasting switch shall be locked in the open

position immediately after firing the shot and before any person is permitted to the return to the blasting area. Key to the switches shall remain in the possession of the blaster at all times.

9.11 Copper wires with solid cores of appropriate gauge shall be used for firing lines; the wires shall be adequately insulated and in sound condition. 9.12 Blasting operations in the proximity of overhead power lines, communication lines, utility lines, or other structures shall not be carried out until the operator or the owner, or both of such lines have been notified and precautionary measures deemed necessary, have been taken. 9.13 All holes loaded on a shift shall be fired on the same shift. 9.14 As far as possible, blasting shall be carried out using suitable exploder with 2.5 percent excess capacity. Electric power from the mains shall be used only when it is absolutely necessary. 9.15 Each electric blasting cap shall be tested with an approved galvanometer before and after tamping in a hole to determine whether it will carry the current. All testing shall be done by placing the galvanometer outside the tunnel and away from the tunnel face. 9.16 The number of electric blasting caps used in a circuit shall not exceed the tested capacity of the blasting machine. 9.17 The circuit, including all caps, shall be tested with a circuit tester or galvanometer before being connected to the firing line. 10 BLASTING WITH SAFETY FUSE 10.1 The fuse shall be carefully handled to avoid damaging the covering. In very cold weather, the fuse shall be slightly warmed before using so as to avoid cracking the water-proofing. 10.2 The minimum length of fuse shall be not less than that required by state laws; in any case, it shall be not less than 750 mm. The maximum burning rate of the fuse shall be such that it will allow sufficient time to all concerned persons to reach a place of safety before the blast occurs; the burning rate of the fuse shall, in any case, be not more than 600 mm,/min, Recommended minimum fuse lengths and maximum burning rates for normal conditions are given below:

Number of Minimum Fuse Maximum Burning Holes Length Rate

mm mm/min

4 - 10 1 800 450 11 - 12 2 150 450

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10.3 The fuse shall not be cut until all preparations have been taken to insert it into a blasting cap. About 25 to 50 mm length of the fuse shall be cut from its end to ensure a dry end. It shall be cut squarely across with a clean and sharp blade. The fuse shall be seated lightly against the cap charge and care shall be taken to avoid twisting after it has been placed in position. 10.4 Blasting caps shall not be crimped by any means other than a cap crimper designed for the purpose. It shall be necessary lo make sure that the cap is squarely crimped to the face. 10.5 The fuse shall be lighted with a fuse lighter designed for the purpose. If a match is used, the fuse shall be slit at the end and the match head held in the slit against the powder core and then the match head rubbed against an abrasive surface to light the fuse. 10.6 The fuse shall not be lighted until sufficient stemming has been placed over the explosives to prevent sparks of live match head from coming into contact with an explosives. 10.7 The explosives shall not be held in hands when lighting the fuse. 10.8 Fat more than 12 holes shall be loaded and shot at ore time if cap and fuse are used for detonating. 11 UNDER GROUND WORK 11.1 Only permissible explosives shall be used and that too in the manner specified by the appropriate authority. In case ANFO is used, due care shall be exercised in doing more extensive temping required so as to eliminate chances of static current being generated. 11.2 Excessive quantities of explosives shall not be taken underground at any time. Black blasting powder or pellet powder shall not be used with any other explosive in the same bore hole. 11.3 For blasting in tunnels and shafts precautions detailed in IS 5878 (Pt 2/Sec 1) shall be followed. The poisonous gases shall be promptly removed by using exhaust fans in shafts and reversible axial flow fans in tunnels. The air duct shall be of such size as not to allow too much pressure drop so that the velocity of air at the delivery end is not less than 0.2 m/s. 12 BEFORE AND AFTER BLASTING 12.1 Before blasting, sufficient warning shall be given to enable the people working In the blasting area to get off the danger zone. All persons, other than blaster, shall leave the danger area at least 10 minutes before the blasting starts. The danger zone shall be suitably cordoned off and flag men posted at important points.

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12.2 No loose materials, such as tools, drilling implements, etc, shall be left on the rock surfaces to be blasted. 12.3 Blasting in the open shall be carried out during fixed hours every day or on fixed days in the week. This information shall be amply publicized and the following precautions observed:

a) All approaches to the project site, where regular blasting operations are undertaken, shall be sign-posted for warning the public and indicating the days and timings when blasting is to be carried out;

b) All approaches to the project site, shall be closed by barriers at a distance of not less than 400 m, 10 minutes before firing is to take place; and

c) Loud wailing note of not less than 1 minute duration shall be sounded on sirens to warn the public before commencement of firing. The end of firing operations must be followed by sounding an all clear signal on the sirens as a continuous long note of not less than 1 minute duration.

12.4 Each bore hole shall be thoroughly cleaned before a cartridge is inserted. Wooden tamping rods (not pointed, but cylindrical throughout) shall be used in charging the holes. The cartridges shall be gently pJac.4 and not rammed. The primer cartridge shall be on the top. 12.5 The blaster shall not return to blasting site after firing, until at least 5 minutes have elapsed. In case of electric shot firing, the shot holes shall be examined after blasting and in case of misfire no person shall be allowed to approach the blasting site for at least 5 minutes. In case of blasting with safety fuse, utmost care shall be taken to count the number of loud reports to ensure that all the shots have fired and in the event of misfire, no person shall be allowed to approach the blasting site for at least 30 minutes. In any case all holes shall be carefully inspected for residual undetonated explosives after firing the shots. No other person than those duly authorized shall approach the holes until one of the following operations has been performed in respect of each of the misfired holes:

a) If the misfire is due to a faulty cable or faulty electrical connection the defect shall be remedied and the shot fired;

b) The stemming shall be floated out by use of water or air jet from hose until the hole has been opened to within 60 cm of the charge, whereupon water shall be siphoned or pumped out, then a fresh new charge placed and duly detonated; and

c) A new hole shall be drilled 60 cm away from the old bore and parallel to it and about 30 cm less in depth and the new hole charged and duly fired.

12.6 If a shift change is unavoidable, the person in charge of the outgoing shift shall, before leaving the work, inform the person relieving him of any cases of misfired shots, point out to him their positions, duly cross-marked, and also state clearly what action remains to be taken in each case.

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13 EXPLOSIVES DISPOSAL 13.1 No explosive shall be abandoned. These shall be disposed off or destroyed strictly in accordance with the approved methods and in doing so the manufacturers or the appropriate authority shall be consulted. 13.2 Explosives, caps, boxes lines or material used in packing of explosives shall net be left lying around in places to which children or unauthorized persons or livestock: can have access. 13.3 Paper or fibrous material employed in packing explosives, shall not be put to any subsequent use. Such material shall be destroyed by burning in the presence of a responsible person. 14 ACCOUNT 14.1 A careful day-to-day account of the explosives shall be maintained in an approved register and manner, which shall be open to inspection at all times by the concerned authorities. 14.2 Explosives shall be issued only to competent persons upon written requisition signed by the blaster or by an official authorized for the purpose and only against the signature or thumb impression. Such requisitions shall be preserved by the person-in-charge of the magazine.

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Draft Indian Standard (Not to be reproduced without the permission of BIS or used as an Indian Standard)

PILING AND OTHER DEEP FOUNDATIONS - SAFETY CODE

(First Revision of IS 5121)

ICS: 13.100; 93.020

Construction Management (including safety Last Date for Comments in Construction) Sectional Committee, CED 29 15 September 2011

FOREWORD (Formal clauses will be added later) Pile driving and well sinking are specialized jobs involving a lot of hazards which sometimes lead to accidents. It is necessary that certain safety rules are laid down for every phase of work involved and that these are meticulously followed by each member of the crew working on the jobs, not only for his own safety but also for the safety of his fellow workers and onlookers. This standard has, therefore, been formulated to lay down safety requirements for pile driving and for preparing deep foundations including well sinking. This standard was first formulated in 1969. This first revision has been brought out to incorporate the improvements based on the experienced gained in use of the standard since the last version of the standard. Also, cross references to other Indian Standards in this standard have been updated. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

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Draft Indian Standard (Not to be reproduced without the permission of BIS or used as an Indian Standard)

PILING AND OTHER DEEP FOUNDATIONS - SAFETY CODE

(First Revision of IS 5121)

1 SCOPE This standard lays down the safety requirements for piling and other deep foundations as stated below:

a) Safety measures while working with a piling rig, and b) Safety measures while preparing other deep foundations.

2 REFERENCES The standards listed below contains provisions which through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below:

IS No. Title 2925:1984 Specification for industrial safety helmets

(second revision) 4138:1977 Safety code for working in compressed air (first

revision) 3 GENERAL 3.1 All operations shall be carried out under the immediate charge of a properly qualified and competent foreman. The foreman shall also be responsible for the safety arrangements of the work. 3.2 Fencing shall be provided, wherever necessary, around the working area or watchmen provided to prevent onlookers from tresspassing into the construction sites. For work during the night lighting of at least 100 lux intensity shall be provided at the work site. 3.3 The working area shall be investigated to ascertain the presence of any buried obstruction and actual position of all service lines passing through the work site shall be known before the work commences. Particular attention shall be given in case live electrical cables pass underground, which may interfere within the depth of foundation. 3.4 The safety provisions shall be brought to the notice of all concerned and matters needing special attention shall be displayed at a prominent place at the work spot.

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3.5 All necessary safety equipment like safety belts and safety helmets and safety shoes, as considered suitable, shall be kept available for the use of persons employed on the site and maintained in condition suitable for immediate use. 3.6 A first-aid kit shall be maintained at the site near the place of work, to comply with the requirements and provisions for the work. 3.7 Those engaged in mixing and stacking of cement bags or any other material injurious to human body shall be provided with protective wear suitable for the purpose. Welders engaged in the work of welding shall use eye sight shields. 3.8 Every crane driver or hoisting appliance operator shall be competent to the satisfaction of the engineer-in-charge and no person under the age of 21 years should be in-charge of any hoisting machine including any scaffolding winch, or give signals to operator. 4 PILING RIG 4.1 There are numerous types of piling rigs in piling work, depending on the need for the site conditions. While utilizing specialized rigs the instructions issued by the suppliers shall be kept in view. 4.1.1 Pile drivers shall not be erected in dangerous proximity to electric conductors. 4.1.2 If two pile drivers are erected at one place these shall be separated by a distance at least equal to the longest leg in either rig. 4.2 The frame of any rig shall be structurally safe for all anticipated dead, live or wind loads. Whenever there is any doubt about the structural strength, suitable test shall be carried out by the foreman and the results of the test recorded. No pile-driving equipment shall be taken into use until it has been inspected and found to be safe. 4.3 Pile drivers shall be firmly supported on heavy timber sills, concrete beds or other secure foundation. If necessary, to prevent danger, pile drivers shall be adequately guyed. When the rig is not in use, extra precautionary measures for stability, such as securing them with minimum four guys, shall be adopted to prevent any accidents due to wind, storm, gales, and earthquake. 4.4 Access to working platforms and the top pulley shall be provided by ladders. Working platforms shall be protected against the weather. In tall driven piling rigs or rigs of similar nature where a ladder is necessary for regular use, the ladder shall be securely fastened and extended for the full height of the rig. The ladder shall also be maintained in good condition at all times. 4.5 Exposed gears, fly wheels, etc, shall be fully enclosed. Boilers, hoisting drums and brakes shall be kept in good condition and sheltered from weather, wherever possible.

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4.6 Pile driving equipment in use shall be inspected by a competent engineer at regular intervals not exceeding three months. Also a register shall be maintained at the site of work for recording the results of such inspections. Pile lines and pulley blocks shall be inspected by the foreman before the beginning of each shift for any excess wear or any other defect. Defective parts of pile drivers, such as sheaves, mechanism slings and hose shall be repaired by only competent person and duly inspected by foreman-in-charge of the rig and the results recorded in the register. No steam or air equipment shall be repaired while it is in operation or under pressure. Hoisting ropes on pile drivers shall be made of galvanized steel. 4.7 All bolts and nuts which are likely to be loosened due to vibration during pile driving shall be checked regularly and tightened. 4.8 Steam and air lines shall be controlled by easily accessible shut-off valves, These lines shall consist of armoured hose or its equivalent. The hose of steam and air hammers shall be securely lashed to the hammer so as to prevent it from whipping if a connection breaks. Couplings of sections of hose shall be additionally secured by ropes or chains. 4.9 When not in use the hammer shall be in dropped position and shall be held in place by a cleat, timber or any other suitable means. 4.10 For every hoisting, machine and for every chain ring hook, shackie, swivel and pulley block used in hoisting or as means of suspension, the safe working loads shall be ascertained. In case of doubt actual testing shall be carried out and the working load shall be taken as half of the tested load. Every hoisting machine, and all gears referred to above shall be plainly marked with the safe working load. In case of a hoisting machine having a variable safe working load, each safe working load together with the conditions under which it is applicable shall be clearly indicated. No part of any machine or any gear shall be loaded beyond the safe working load except for the purpose of testing. 4.11 Motor gearing, transmission, electrical wiring and other dangerous parts of hoisting appliances should be provided with efficient safe guards. Hoisting appliances shall be provided with such means as will reduce, to the minimum, the risk of accidental descent of the load and adequate precautions shall be taken to reduce to the minimum, the risk of any part of suspended load becoming accidentally displaced. When workers are employed on electrical installations which are already energized, insulating mats and wearing apparel, such as gloves, etc, as may be necessary, shall be provided. Sheaves on pile drivers shall be guarded so that workers may not be drawn into them. When loads have to be inclined, they shall be adequately counter-balanced and the tilting device shall be secured against slipping.

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4.12 Adequate precautions shall be taken to prevent a pile driver from overturning if a wheel breaks. 4.13 Adequate precautions shall be taken by providing stirrups or by other effective means, to prevent the rope from coming out of the top pulley or wheel. 4.14 Adequate precautions shall be taken to prevent the hammer from missing the pile. 4.15 If necessary to prevent danger, long piles and heavy sheet piling should be secured against falling. 4.16 Wherever steam boilers are used, the safety regulations of boiler shall be strictly followed and safety valves shall be adjusted to 0.7 kg/cm2 in excess of working pressure accurately. 4.17 Where electricity is used as power for piling rig, only armoured cable conforming to the relevant Indian Standard shall be used and the cable shall be thoroughly waterproofed. 5 OPERATION OF EQUIPMENT 5.1 Workers employed in the vicinity of pile drivers shall wear helmets conforming to IS 2925. 5.2 Piles shall be prepared at a distance at least equal to twice the length of the longest pile from the pile driver. 5.3 Piles being hoisted in the rig should be so slung that they do not have to be swung round, and may not inadvertently, swing or whip round. A hand rope shall be fastened to a pile that is being hoisted to control its movement. While a pile is being guided into position in the leads, workers shall not put their hands or arms between the pile and the inside guide or on top of the pile, but shall use a rope for guiding. 5.4 While a pile is being hoisted all workers not actually engaged in the operation shall keep at a distance which ensures safety. 5.5 Before a wood pile is hoisted into position it shall be provided with an iron ring or cap over the driving end to prevent brooming. 5.6 When creosoted wood piles are being driven, adequate precautions shall be taken, such as the provision of personal protective equipment and barrier creams to prevent workers receiving eye or skin injuries from splashes of creosote. 5.7 When piles are driven at an inclination to the vertical, if necessary to prevent danger, these should rest in a guide. 5.8 No steam or air line shall be blown down until all workers are at a safe distance.

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6 FLOATING PILE DRIVERS 6.1 When pile-drivers are working over water a suitable boat shall be kept readily available at all times. All members of floating pile-driver crews shall be trained to handle boats and shall also know swimming. 6.2 Floating pile drivers shall be provided with a whistle, siren, horn or other effective signalling equipment. 6.3 Floating pile drivers shall be provided with adequate fire fighting equipment. 6.4 The weight of machinery on a floating pile driver shall be so distributed that the deck of the installation is horizontal. Further, it shall be ensured that the floating craft is stable and safe under all working conditions. 6.5 Steel pile-driver hulls shall be divided into watertight compartments, and the watertight compartments should be provided with siphons for the removal of water seepage. 6.6 Deck hatches shall have firmly fastened covers that fit flush with the deck. Open hatches shall be adequately fenced or guarded. 6.7 Fuel tanks below deck shall be vented to the outside and vents shall be provided with flame arrestors. For each fuel tank below deck there shall be an emergency shut-off valve on deck. 6.8 Lighting fixtures below deck shall be explosion proof and flame proof. 6.9 Sufficient sheaves shall be provided on deck to enable the pile driver to be safely manoeuvred in any direction and safely secured in position. 6.10 The operator’s cabin shall afford an unrestricted view of the operations. 7 SHEET PILING 7.1 If necessary to prevent danger from wind or other sources, a hand rope shall be used to control the movement of steel sheet sections that are being transported. 7.2 Workers who have to sit on a steel sheet section to interlock sheets shall be provided with stirrups or other devices to afford them a safe seat. Workers shall not stand or sit on sheet piling while it is being released from the slings, lowered or moved into position. 7.3 Workers handling sheets should wear gloves. 7.4 If necessary to prevent danger from displacement by the current, steel sheet sections shall be braced until they are firmly in position. If necessary to prevent danger from undercutting of the cofferdam by the current a substantial berm shall be installed upstream.

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7.5 While it is being weighted with stones, sheet piling should be securely moored.- delete 7.6 Adequate pumping facilities shall be available at cofferdams to keep them clear of water. Also adequate means of escape, such as. ladders and boats shall be provided at cofferdams for the protection of workers in case of flooding. 7.7 Adequate supplies of life-saving equipment shall be provided for workers employed on cofferdams. 7.8 When sheet sections are being removed, their movements shall be controlled by cables or other effective means. 8 OTHER MEASURES WHILE WORKING WITH CAISSON FOUNDATION 8.1 All holes which are left unattended shall be adequately and securely covered or shall have an effective barrier placed as close to the edge as is practicable. 8.2 Before any person enters a hole, the ground surface next to the hole shall be cleaned and all loose soil, materials, loose tools, ropes, etc, removed. 8.3 A person shall not remain in a hole for more than one hour at a time and this time shall be suitably reduced depending on circumstances. 8.4 Persons entering holes shall be lowered or raised in suitable skips or cages using properly constructed cranes and winches, shear legs or other devices suitable for the purpose. 8.5 When working at night, flood lighting shall be provided for the working area. Hand lamps used for illuminating the bottom of the hole shall be of flameproof construction of not more than 24 volt rating, when men are working in the hole. 8.6 Detector lamp capable of indicating the presence of dangerous quantities of flammable gases and vapours or a serious oxygen deficiency or an excess of carbon-di-oxide shall be a part of the working gear, where poisonous gases may be present in the subsoil. 8.7 Before first lowering men into a borehole suitable steps shall be taken to investigate the likely presence of poisonous gas in the subsoil of the site. 9 ADDITIONAL MEASURES FOR CAISSON FOUNDATION 9.1 Well sinking’ work shall be under the charge of engineers or supervisors who have adequate experience in the execution of such jobs and at least one such engineer/supervisor shall be present at site whenever work is in progress. 9.2 Detailed information about the subsoil up to adequate depth below the proposed bottom of well foundations shall be collected so that the wells, including their steinings and cutting edges are designed suiting the conditions at site. This information will also assist in following safe well sinking procedures and in taking

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precautionary measures in time against appearance of sudden dangers, heavy sand blow and consequent subsidence of peripherial area. 9.3 Prior geological study of terrain is recommended, particularly for rocky area and bed with boulder studed soil to enable determination of slope of rock, presence of fissures, etc, if any. Based on the information collected, precautionary measures against sudden tilt and shift in well shall be taken for the safety of workmen. 9.3.1 If the study reveals presence of methane gas, approved type of methanometer shall be used to detect the presence of such gas. 9.3.2 In case methane or any other hazardous gas is detected it shall be immediately reported to the employer and further work in regard to sinking of well shall be stopped. 9.3.3 For further progressing of work at such sites all precautions necessary for working in gaseous mines shall be satisfied all the time in consultation with an expert competent to work in such mines. 9.4 Whenever well sinking is to be carried out in compressed air, safety requirements laid down in IS 4138 shall be followed. 9.5 Whenever blasting is resorted to, it shall be done under water through electric detonators by remote control arrangements and all the detonators shall be connected in series to prevent the possibility of any misfire. 9.6 Plant and equipment placed around a well for sinking shall be placed sufficiently far from the well to avoid chances of accident due to subsidence of ground on account of heavy sand blow or other causes. 9.7 If a blow is expected when the diver is working, suitable provisions shall be kept ready for him to come up quickly in the event of a blow. It is suggested that an open grab is lowered to the bottom of excavations and the winches/crane engine kept running and ready for hoisting at any time. 9.8 An air receiver with safety valve shall be attached to the compressor used for diving work. The air receiver shall be able to supply air for at least half an hour working. 9.9 The signalman working with a diver shall be his own team mate as far as possible, and in any case there shall be complete understanding between the two about the signals code to be used. 9.10 In deep water say over 30 m divers shall not work for more than half an hour at a time. 9.11 The divers shall give frequent signals about their safety. 9.12 All diving equipment shall be 6equently checked.

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9.13 When a well is loaded with heavy kentledge and a diver has to go down for inspection it shall be only for a short duration say 10 to 15 minutes. 9.14 Divers carrying out excavation work using jack hammers, pickaxes, etc, shall not go under the cutting edge of the well curb. When a stage is reached that sudden downward movement -of the well may be expected, the divers shall not stay- under the steining thickness but will be provided with long enough tools for doing any work at this stage. 10 PROTECTION TO NEIGHBOURING STRUCTURES AND UNDERGROUND SERVICES 10.1 In driven piles vibration is set up which may cause damage to adjoining structures or service lines depending on the nature of soil condition and the construction standard of such structures and service lines. Possible extent of all such damages shall be ascertained in advance and operation and mode of driving shall be planned with appropriate measures to ensure safety. 10.2 Wherever in the vicinity of a site where bored or driven piling works are to be carried out there are old structures which are likely to be damaged, tell-tales shall be fixed on such structures to watch their behaviour and timely precautions taken against any undesirable effect. 10.3 In case of bored or cassion piles, measures shall be taken to ensure ,that there is no appreciable movement of soil mass into the borehole which may cause subsidence to any existing foundation in the close proximity. In wet holes where such possibilities are likely to be there the same shall be minimized by approved technique and the operation should be planned.

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Draft Indian Standard (Not to be reproduced without the permission of BIS or used as an Indian Standard)

CONSTRUCTIONS INVOLVING USE OF HOT BITUMINOUS

MATERIALS - SAFETY CODE (First Revision of IS 5916)

ICS: 13.100; 91.100.50

Construction Management (including safety Last Date for Comments in Construction) Sectional Committee, CED 29 15 September 2011

FOREWORD (Formal clauses will be added later) Hot bituminous materials are used on various operations connected with civil engineering jobs. The work involved is of specialized and hazardous nature which, some times leads to accidents. These accidents may cause burns to workman, injury to lungs due to breathing of dust laden air, or fire to materials and equipment. It is necessary, therefore, that certain rules are laid down for every phase of work involved and that these are meticulously followed by each member of the crew working on the job, not only for his own safety but also for the safety of his fellow workers and on-lookers. This standard has, therefore, been formulated to lay down safety requirements for constructions involving the use of hot bituminous materials. This standard was first formulated in 1970. This first revision has been brought out to incorporate the improvements based on the experienced gained in use of the standard since the last version of the standard. Also, cross references to other Indian Standards in this standard have been updated. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

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Draft Indian Standard (Not to be reproduced without the permission of BIS or used as an Indian Standard)

CONSTRUCTIONS INVOLVING USE OF HOT BITUMINOUS

MATERIALS - SAFETY CODE (First Revision of IS 5916)

1 SCOPE This standard lays down the safety requirements for constructions involving the use of hot bituminous materials. 2 REFERENCES The standard listed below contains provisions which through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below:

IS No. Title

2171:1999 Specification for portable fire extinguishers, dry powder type (fourth revision)

3 TERMINOLOGY 3.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply. 3.1 Bituminous Materials – Binder materials, such as asphalt/bitumen; both penetration grades and cutbacks, road tars as well as mixtures of such binders with road aggregates, pitch, bituminous mastic and joint sealers. 3.2 Bitumen Plant – A plant for producing bituminous mixtures with or without provision to batch and heat the aggregate materials as well as binder to the required extent and mixing them together. This includes storage for different aggregates, elevators, driers, screening and gradation control units, batching arrangements and mixing units. 3.3 Boilers – Suitable containers or tanks in which bitumen or tar can be heated to the required extent and provided with suitable controllable, outlets for taking out hot material.

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3.4 Sprayer – A mechanical equipment to spray hot binder uniformly, at a constant volume or constant pressure to give the required amount of binder per unit area. 3.5 Spreader – A mechanical equipment to spread uniformly stone chips at a desired rate per unit area. 3.6 Paver – A mechanical equipment with arrangement to receive the hot mixture from tippers and to lay it uniformly to the required width, depth and camber as well as to give an initial compaction. 4 SAFETY PROGRAMME 4.1 General On all major works, an experienced and competent foreman or supervisor shall be placed in-charge of the work, and shall he made responsible for the strict observance of the safety rules. He shall guard against the use of defective appliances, tools and equipment, and shall brief all workmen on all potential hazards and the ways to eliminate or guard against them. He shall stock the necessary protective equipment, fire-extinguishing equipment, first-aid kit, etc. He shall also keep a record of the accidents taking place on any particular job, with reasons thereof, and shall suggest suitable remedial measures to the management for prevention thereof. 4.2 Protective Covering Workers engaged on jobs involving handling of hot bitumen tar or bituminous mixtures shall use protective wears, such as boots and gloves, goggles and helmet. No worker shall be permitted to handle such materials without wearing the needed protective covering. 4.3 Fire Fighting Arrangements 4.3.1 When heating and handling of hot bituminous materials is to be done in the op(‘11, sufficient stocks of clean dry sand or loose earth shall be made available at the work site to cope with any resultant fires. When such materials are not available, nor are any suitable type of fire extinguishers provided at the work site in the open, and reliance has to be on using water for fighting any fire, the water supply available should be in abundance and the water shall he applied to the fire in the form of spray. 4.3.2 When heating of bituminous materials is carried out in enclosed spaces, sufficient number of properly maintained dry powder fire extinguisher conforming to IS 2171 shall be kept in readiness on the work site.

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5 BITUMEN PLANTS 5.1 General Provision 5.1.1 Bitumen plants shall he provided with:

a) safe means of access and working platforms with hand rails; and b) all pulleys, belts and drive mechanisms should be protected by suitable

gaurds. 5.1.2 Compressors, electrical installations and other equipment, such as elevators and conveyors shall be adequately protected against weather and mechanical damage for safety of workmen. 5.1.3 When necessary to prevent danger from rock dust in bitumen plants precautions as given below shall be followed:

a) The screen enclosure and the mixing chamber shall be equipped with a mechanical exhaust system.

b) The screen overflow chutes and hoppers shall be enclosed. c) The waste conveyor system shall be enclosed at transfer and

discharge points. d) All material transfer points shall be equipped with effective dust seals. e) Conveyor and elevator covers shall be dust tight. f) The drier discharge to the screen elevator shall be equipped with an

effective dust seal provided with a dust collector. g) Contaminated air shall be so discharged that it cannot return to

working areas. h) The mixer elevator shall be enclosed in a wooden or sheet metal shaft.

The shaft shall have a window for observation, lubrication and maintenance.

j) The mixer shall be provided with a suitable cover to prevent dust coming out.

k) Suitable protective guard, such as wire grill or asbestos cover sheets shall be provided behind the drier burner or bitumen boiler burner.

5.2 Operation During operation of bitumen plants, the following precautions shall be observed:

a) Only competent persons shall operate bitumen plants. b) When bitumen plants are working on a public road an adequate traffic

control system shall be established. c) Ample storage space shall be provided for materials, vehicles, etc, so

that operations are not obstructed.

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d) Workers handling hot bitumen pIants shall wear boots and gloves, goggles, helmet and if necessary, to prevent danger, suitable protective clothing.

e) Burners shall be lighted by butane lights or other suitable devices and not by burning rags and the like.

f) When not in use flexible piping shall not be left on the ground. g) Bitumen plants provided with oil-fired burners shall not be heated:

1) while bitumen is being pumped, 2) while bitumen is being spread, and 3) while the plant is being transported.

h) Mineral aggregate shall be added on to the elevator after the drying

drum has warmed up. j) The drier drum and mixer shall not be inspected or repaired while they

are in motion. 6 SPRAYER AND SPREADER/PAVER 6.1 Sprayer The sprayer shall be provided with a fire resisting screen. The screen shall have an observation window. Following precautions shall be taken during use of sprayer:

a) Piping for hot tar and bitumen shall be adequately insulated to protect workers from injury by burns.

b) Flexible piping working under positive pressure shall be of metal which shall be adequately insulated as provided for under (a).

c) Workers shall not stand facing the wind directions while spraying hot binder, lest it may fall on them causing burns.

d) Workers shall be provided with suitable protective equipment for the eyes, hands and legs (see 4.2).

6.2 Spreader/Paver Following precautions shall be taken during use of spreader/paver:

a) Spreaders in operation shall be protected by signals, signs or other effective means.

b) People should be warned against walking over hot mixture laid. c) Gravel spreaders shall always keep at a safe distance from sprayer. d) Workers with the hot mix shall have protection for eyes, hands and

legs (see 4.2). e) Elevated platforms on spreaders shall be protected by suitable railing

and be provided with an access ladder.

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7 EQUIPMENT FOR HEATING OF BITUMEN AND TARS 7.1 Tanks, vats, kettles, pots, drums and other vessels for heating tar, bitumen and other bituminous materials shall:

a) be adequately resistant to damage by heat, transportation, etc; b) be capable of holding a full load without danger of collapse bursting or

distortion; c) be provided with a close fitting cover suitable for smothering a fire in

the vessel or protection from rain; and d) be leak proof, and provided with suitable outlets which can be

controlled for taking out the hot material. 7.2 Suitable indicator gauges shall be used to ascertain level and temperature of the material in the boiler. On no account shall workers be allowed to peep into the boiler for this purpose. For ascertaining levels, in small plants, dipstick may also be used. 7.3 Gas and oil-fired bitumen and tar kettles or pots shall be equipped with burners, regulators and safety devices of types approved by the competent authority. 7.4 Heating appliances for vessels shall distribute the heat uniformly over the heating surface so as to avoid overheating. In case of bituminous mixtures using mineral aggregates filler together with bitumen, it is preferable to have some means for stirring as well. 7.5 Only vessels heated by electricity shall be used inside buildings. 7.6 Buckets for hot bitumen; bituminous materials or tar shall have:

a) the bail or handle firmly secured, and b) a second handle near the bottom for tipping.

7.7 Bitumen or tar boilers mounted on wheels for easy transport or towing shall preferably be provided with hand pumps for spraying purposes. 7.8 Vessels in operation shall be kept at a safe distance from combustible materials. 7.9 When vessels are used in confined spaces the gases, fumes and smoke generated shall be removed by exhaust, ventilation or by forced ventilations. 7.10 Vessels that are being heated shall not be left unattended.

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7.11 Pieces of bituminous material shall not be thrown into the hot vessel so as to cause splashing. 7.12 Covers shall be kept closed when vessels are not in use. 7.13 Containers shall not be filled with hot bitumen or tar to a level that might cause danger when they are carried or hoisted. 7.14 Enough space shall be left in vessels for expansion of binder when heated. 7.15 Bitumen/tar shall be kept dry and to avoid fire due to foaming, boiler shall have a device that prevents foam from reaching the burners or anti-foaming agents shall be used to control the same. Alternatively to avoid fire due to foaming the heating shall be at low temperature till the water entraped, if any, is completely evaporated. 7.16 Any water present in the boiler shall also be drained before using it for heating binders. 7.17 No open light shall be used for ascertaining the level of binder in boilers. 7.18 Heating tubes in boilers shall be-kept well covered with bitumen. 7.19 If a burner goes out, the fuel supply shall be cut off and the heating tube shall be thoroughly blown out by the fan so as to prevent a back fire. 7.20 Cutbacks shall not be heated over an open flame unless a water jacket is used. While they are being heated the vessel shall be kept open. 7.21 Piping shall not be warmed with burning rags and instead blowlamps or similar devices shall be used. 7.22 Spilled bitumen or tar shall be promptly cleaned up around boilers. 7.23 Inspection openings shall not be opened while there is any pressure in the boiler. 7.24 When tanks are cleaned by steam, adequate precautions shall be taken to prevent any build up of pressure. 7.25 Workers employed at vessels or handling hot bituminous materials shall be provided with suitable protective equipment for the eyes, hands and legs.

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8 HANDLING BITUMEN/TAR 8.1 Bitumen or tar shall not be heated in open drums but only in boilers complying with the requirements of the relevant Indian Standard. 8.2 Bitumen/tar shall not be heated beyond the temperature recommended by the manufacturer of the product. 8.3 While discharging heated binder from the boiler, workers shall not stand opposite to the Jet so as to avoid the possibility of hot binder falling on them. The container shall be handled only after closing the control valve. 8.4 While handling hot bitumen/tar, workers shall exercise scrupulous care to prevent accidental spillage thereof. The buckets and cans in which the-hot material is carried from boiler shall be checked before use to ensure that they are intact and safe. 8.5 Mops and other applicators contaminated with bituminous materials shall not be stored inside buildings.