Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 1982 (1971): Code of practice for ante-mortem andpost-mortem inspection of meat animals [FAD 18: SlaughterHouse and Meat Industry]

IS : 1982. 1871

Indian StandardCODE OF PRACTICE FOR ANTE-MORTEM

AND POST-MORTEM INSPECTION OFMEAT ANIMALS

( First Revision)

First Repriat NOVEMBER 1983

@ Copyri,ht 1972

I~ D I A N S TAN DAR D~SIN S TIT V T IONMANAIt BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR. SHAH ZAPAR MAllO

NEW OBLRI Il0002

June 1972

Reaffirmed 2009

AMENDMENT NO.1 JULY 1989TO

IS : 1982 - 1971 CODE OF PRACTICE FORANTE-MORTEM AND POST-MORTEM

INSPECTION OF MEAT ANIMALS

( First Revision)

[Page 3, clause O.4(b), line 4 1- Substitute the words 'The MeatFood Products Order, 1973' for 'draft Meat Products Order'.

( Page 4, clause 2.4 ) - Substitute the following for the existing clause:

12.4 Cattle - A bull, cow, ox, heifer, calf, stear, buJJock and includesbuffalo.'

( Page 5, clause 2.9, second sentence) - Delete.

(Page S, clause 2.10) - Substitute the following for the existingclause:

'2.10 Veterinarian - Any duly qualified veterinarian appointed or employ­ed by a local authority or by the Central/State Government.'

( Page S, clause 3.2, line 2 ) - Delete the words 'small pox and'.

( Page 7, clause 4.1, line 4 ) - Delete the words 'giving the date ofinspection and the initials of the Meat Inspector'.

( Page 8, clause S.3.1, lines 1 to 4 ) - Delete the words 'In case ofdoubt shall be followed.'

[ Page 8, clause S.6(e) ] - Substitute 'faeces' for 'faces'.

(AFDC 18)

Prillted at Prlntwell Printers. Dtlhl. India

Indian StandardCODE OF PRACTICE FOR ANTE-MORTEM

AND POST-MORTEM INSPECI10N OFMEAT ANIMALS

( First Revision)

Meat ud Meat Products Sectional Committee, AFDO 18

~Indian Ve&eriDary Ileaearch ~__ lerg.

(UP)

Directorate 0( Marketiq ~ 1D1peC.... (.......,of ApicUlture). FariCIabad

DefenceFood Research Laboratory,M~

Directorate of Remounts • Vetc:riaatY .......Army Headquanen

YAJ H. S. DImaA (At",.")C •• I a II A If, T • Q H N'I a A L Miniaery of Ap;eu1ture ( Departmaat of~oocl)

STAMDAaDIZATION CoMMlftB.( FOOJ)I'I'UftII )

S&CUTAlty. TSC ( F) (.4l1mMII)Dluoroa Directorate or Animal Hut....,. ao.em-a fI6

Uttar PradeshSal a.. N. QoYLa BIlex Parma Private Limited, DeJIai"'Ill. N. GunA Contiaeotal"oru, NewDeUai... C. P. H.urnwe Central Committee Cor I'oocl StadarcII (Ie ',.,

oCHealtb ~ Family ....... )aD! D.8. CHADHA ( ...".,...,. )

IfaALfti 0..108& Corporation 01 YacIruV.......Uy Omcaa {AI""""}

IbAt.ftIQm.cu MUDlc:ipaI CoIporadoD ofDeIbiI ..~(~~~~) .J~QMU (UYa"l'OG& M DiI&r)' 01Apicukure(~fIlA...._)

M""""sDa K. B£ocHl . Miniatry of Health It Family PIaaaiD;

SKaI D. S. CHADHA (~" )Da s.~. BAaAT Central Leather ReIcarch laltitu.

Madr..Da S. DlVAKARAH( MIfjrIM" )

8.BJU I. K. BaoUAa

8Jw It. A. BaoTB ( AI"''')I_I B.S. BHATIA ~

81Ul1 S. B. KADXOL ( AlIwM" )8aIOIaQCHANDRA

(Cali ••,.1)) I i

IMDIA" STANDA&DS INSTITUTION¥ANA& IBAYAN. , MIIADU& IIL\II ZAIIM ..

MIW..'

II. I912-1t'll

Army

TIle State TradiDI Corporation of India Limited,New De1bi

."....,Cetral Food TechDoJoP:a1 a.earch In,titute

(CSIa ), H'fIOI'~Metal 80s00 oIlDcUa Limited, Calcutta

(CMtia",d/rMI.,' 1 )

~

Da N. L. LAJaay..~~.~~)..B. Q. MALIIOftA

SDiIt. IC.. T....,.(~).... 8. IUMAawAIIY Directorate Oeneral of Technical Development

( Wlnistry oIlnduatrial Developmeut )Da M. BAKCWfA'I'IIAJ( Madra Veteri~ColIep, MadrU.... Y. Il.Ao (]uta india, Calcuttaa...R. R. RAo ~ermuter General'.

HeadquartenIJr-CoL O. P. KAPaa (,cu""",,)

Da T. R. ....... Aecelerated Freese DryiJII Factory, TuncUa...... P. VAUlA Central Dairy Farm, AUPrh ·

8DJ It. s. ...,. (MIItw,.)DR JIAaIBBAGWAItt Director General, lSI (~M"".,)

DeplatyDinctor ( Acri • Food)~

.... MAKoIIAa T. 8AJtrwAICIAlliltaDt DIrector ( Acri It Food), III

IS I 1982 II U7I

Indian StandardCODB OF PRJ\.CTICB FOR ANTE-MORTBM

AND POST-MORTBM INSPECfION OFMBAT ANIMALS

(First Revision)o. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standald (First Revision) was adopted by the IndianStandards Institution OQ~ 27 September 1971, after the draft finalized bythe Meat and Meat Products Sectional, Committee had been approvedby the Agricultural and Food Products Division Council.0.2 Proper ante-mortem inspection of all animals before slaughtet is eaea­tial to ensure that they are not affected with any disease or other conditionwhich may render the flesh unwholesome. There are some diseales whichare communicable from animals to man by contact and, therefore, ante­mortem Inspection is also necessary for safeguarding the health of tile CODIU­mer as well as of the butcher. Post-moer-m inspection is essential ~o detectcarcuaea, parts ofcarcasses and organs which may be diseased and, thereby,rendered unfit for human consumption. At present, thert i. DO

uniform procedure for ante-mortem and post-mortem ins..,ection of mealanimala on an all-India basis but the local bodies have framed their ownby-laws. The formulation of this standard will, therefore, meet ~he need

, for a uniform procedure for the whole country.e.s This standard was fint published in 1962. The various provisiona orthat ltandard had been under the review of the Sectional Committee fromtime to time and the present revision was taken up with a view to DlodifyiDgthe earlier requirements in the light of experience gained by vanoUi goyem­mmt and {)rivate agencies in the ante-mortem and post-mortem iupectioaofmeat aDlmall.

tA The presen& revision incorporates a number of important modificatioal;thae are: Ca) camel, hone, mare, au and mule have been excluded from theICOpe of the .tandard since these animals are Dot slaughtered in thecotmtry; (b) the termiDol~ haa been aligned with that of the draB MeatProducta Order; and (c) detailed instructions on dealing with anthruiulected carcassea have been included.1.5 In the preparation ofthis standard, assistance has been derived from thefoI1owlq pubBcaticms:

Meath}'liene. Published joindy by lAO and WHO. Food a Acri­cultureOrganization of the United Nations, Rome, 1957.

S

IS I 1982· 1971

INDIA. DJRECTORATB OP MARX.TlNO & INIPBCTlON, MINIITIlY 01'FOOD & AORICULTURB. Report on the marketing of meat inIndia. Delhi. Manager of Publications, 1955.

INDIA. MINISTRY 0' FOOD & AORICULTURE. Report of the ad-hoccommittee on slaughter-houses and meat inspection practices.Delhi. Manager of Publications, 1958.

MARTIN ( eRA). Practical food inspection: Vol I Meat inspection,Ed 4. London. H. K. Lewis & Co Ltd, 1950.

THORNTON ( H ). Text book of meat inspection, including the ins­pection of rabbits, poultry and fish, Ed 2. London. Bailliere,Tindall & Cox, 1952.

(]NITBD STATBS. naPARTMENT OP AORICULTURB. Regulationsgoverning the meat inspection. Washington. United StatesGovernment Printing Office, 1960.

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard prescribes the procedure for the ante-mortem and post­mortem inspection of meat producing animals.

2. TERMINOLOGY

2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply.

2.1 Aaimal- Includes:

a) sheep, lamb, cwe,·wether and ram;

b} wether, goat, she goat, buck and kid;

c) pig, barrow, boar, hog, stag, pigling, gilt, rig and sow; and

d) buffalo-bull, buff-cow, buff-calf, bull, cow, bullock, heifer, calf,steer and ox. •

2.2 Butcher - The person producing or dealing with meat intended forhuman consumption.

2.3 Care••• - The dead body or any part thereof including the visceraof any animal which has been slaughtered.

2.4 Cattle - Includes a bull, cow, ox, heifer, calf steer, bullock and buffalo.

2.5 CoDdemaed - Carcasses, parts or organs so marked unfit for humanconsumption meant to be destroyed or rendered unfit for food purposes.

2.6 'layer - The person who skins the animals and dresses the carcaslCS.

IS: 1_. lin

2.7 Loc:aI Aathoftty - A local area which is a municipality, the municipalboard or municipal corporation; cantonment, the cantonment authority: anotified area, the notified area committee or any other local area, such asmay be prescribed by the central or state governments.

2.8 Meat - Flesh and other edible parts of a carcass.

2.9 Meat Ia8pector - Qualified veterinarian. In his absence, theMedical Officer of Health or any other qualified officer appointed by a localauthority and vested with the power to inspect and examine animals andmeat intended for human consumption.

2.10 V~teriaariaD- Any duly qualified veterinarian appointed or employ..ed by a local authority or a local government to act in that capacity.

2.11 NaUaace - Includes any act, omission, place or thing which causesor is likely to cause injury, danger, annoyance or offence to the sense ofsight,smell or hearing, or which is or may be dangerous to life or injurious to healthor property.

2.12 PabUe Street - Ally street over which the public have a right ofwaYjor heretofore levelled, paved, metalled, channelled, sewered, or repaired outof municipal or other public funds.

2.13 Slau.hter-BaU - The actual place where the animals are slaughteredfor food purposes.

2.14 Abattoir - Any building. premises, or {llace licensed as an abattoirby the local authority for slaughter of animals intended for humanconsumption.

2.15 SIa••terma. - The person who slaughters the animals.

3. DUTIBS OF BUTCHERS, SLAUGHTERMEN AND PLAYERS

3.1 For effectively carrying out the provisions of this standard, it is necessarythat butchers, slaughtennen and ftayen should be trained personnel and shallbe licensed. They shall be free from communicable diseases and shall undergoperiodic medical check up.

3.2 Butchers, slaughtermen and ftayen shall be regularly protected againstsmall pox and enteric group ofdiseases by suitable vaccination. They shouldundergo medical check up at least once In 6 months and certificate ofhealthand fitness obtained from competent authority.

33 The ftayers shall not hold the dressin~/ftayingknives in their mouthsor stick them into carcasses during operations. Suitable scabbards shouldbe provided for keeping knives when not in use. Fldying of carcass aha,llnot bedone by inflation of air by mouth.

6

IS I 1982 • 1971

3.4 The slaughtermen and the ftayen should wear gum boots and protectivedressing which are easily cleansible.

3.5 Evidence of disease in a carcass shall not be modified or obliterated bywashing, rubbing, stripping or in any other manner, except under the directsupervision of the Meat Inspector and in accordance with his instructions.

3.6 In no case shall the serous membranes (pleura and peritoneum) bestripped except, by or under the direction of the Meat Inspector, and inany such case in which immediate stripping is necessary to preserve themarketability of the carcass, the membranes shall not be entirely detachedfrom the carcass until the same have been examined by the Meat Inspectorand he has authorized detachment.

3.7 Notification to slaughter animals for emergency reasons shall be (or..warded to the Meat Inspector. The carcass, with the whole of the visceraand all parts thereof attached thereto, shall be detained until examined bythe Meat Inspector.

5.8 Any instrument that has been used on a tuberculous carcass or partsthereof, or on a carcass presenting lesions of other disease or suspected ofbeing diseased shall not be used again until it has been boiled for half anhour in water containing 3 percent, by weight, of sodium carbonate, orsterilized by any other suitable means accepted for bacteriological steriliza­tion. No cloth shall be used for wiping the carcasses.

'S Where the carcass has not been examined by the Meat Inspector at thetime of slaughter, the whole of the viscera and parts and organs thereof.haIlbe kept, pending inspection, in such a way as to enable them to be identified,by labelling or otherwise, with the carcass from which they have beenremoved.

3.10 No carcass or part thereof shall be removed, or so placed as to preventits ready identification, except with the authority of the' Meat Inspector.

S.II The skins should be removed from slaughter room as early as possibleand should not be allowed to be piled up.

t. GBNBRAL DUTIES OF AND INSTRUCTIONS TO MEATINSPECTORS

4.1 The Meat Inspector shall enforce generally the regulations ~dproviaiODlmade in regard to the working of abattoirs which, inUr-tJlu., shall include:

a) attending the abattoir during the houn fixed;b) carrying out the ante-mortem inspection of animals according to

the procedure laid down in 5;c) carrying out the post-mortem inspection aceordinr to the proce­

dure laid down in 6;

6

lSalt82·1m

d) keeping a record of the number and kinds of animals slaughteredalong with the number and kinds of carcass and parts and orpDIcondemned on account of different diseases;

e) at the close of each dayts work, ensuring that the abattoirs underhim are thorou~hly cleaned and disinfected according to the pro­cedure specified In Appendix A and the condemned parts and organsduly destroyed and the offal removed to such places as may beappointed by the local authority; and

f) supervising, handling and transportation of meat' to reduce con­tamination. To periodically inspect the abattoirs for properlighting, ventilation, drainage, water supply, fly-proofing, cled.ness of floors, walls and implements and lairage accommodation•

• .2 The l3rcaases and viscera of all animals slaughtered should be inspected.This examination shall be methodical and as complete as possible in all cues.All carcasses inspected and passed as fit for human consumption shall beclearly stamped in several places giving the date ofinspection and the initialsof the Meat Inspector.

4.3 Stamplac Iak - A solution containing I to 2 percent caf fuchsine inacetic acid may be used. The fuchsine is dissolved in just enough aceticacid to bring about the solution and then glycerine is added to make upthe required quantity. Alternatively, a stamping ink prepared accordingto tIie following formula may be used:

Methyl violet 35 gCane sugar 450 gEthyl alcohol 1 363 mlWater J 636 ml

The sugar is dissolved in water, the alcohol then added and ,finally themethyl violet. The solution is stirred and allowed to stand for 12 hounbefore use. Stamps preferably bearing heads of different animals should beused.4.t The Meat Inspector shall use knives, wipesand instruments kept speciallyfor examining carcasses and parts thereof:

t.4.! Knives and other Instruments that have been used fOr cutq orexamining anyaiseased organ, gland or tissue, shall not be used again for anyp~ until they have been disinfected in boiling water or other suitabledilimectant. Thqr should also be cleaned and properly disinfected at theend of each working day.

4.5 The carcassof an animal, that is, well nourished and free from disease,ahall be paued as fit for human consumption.

tel If abnormality is detected in anYfart of a carcaa or in any ~rpnJ thewhole earcua and all orpDI thereo shall be examined for evideuce or

7

IS I 1982 • 1971

any repetition of the local condition, or modification of the lame in otherparts, according to the procedure outlined in 6.

5. ANTE-MORTEM INSPECTION

5.1 Animals brought for slaughter should be examined for symptoms ofcommunicable diseases so that entry of such animals into the sheds isprevented.

5.2 All ammats meant for slaughter should be rested at least for 24 hoursand should not be fed for at least twelve hours before slaughter but theyshould be provided with abundant water.

53 Such ante-mortem examination shall be made on the premises (yardsand lairages ) attached to the abattoir in which the animals are about tobe slaughtered.

5.3.1 In case ofdoubt as to the health of the animals, the Meat Inspector,if not a qualified Veterinary Surgeon or Medical Officer of Health himself,shall notIfy the Veterinary Surgeon or the Medical Officer of Health In­charge of the abattoir and his instructions shall be followed. In order toobviate slaughtering of anthrax infected animals a blood smear shall beexamined from every animal that dies while awaiting slaughter.

5.~ In cases of emergency, when ante-mortem inspection of animals is notpossible, the butcher shall notify the Meat Inspector after slaughtering andshall not remove the carcass with its viscera from the abattoir till the post­mortem examination is carried out.

5.5 During the inspection, the following details should be noted:a) Evidence of cruelty to animals by over-trucking, over-driving or

by other act;b) Disease symptoms which may affeat the general health of the

animal or depreciate the meat:c) Presence of scheduled infectious and contagious diseases or

symptoms which may suggest that such disease is developing;d) Species, sex, colour, age; and ~

e) Body temperature, whenever necessary.

5.6 In particular, attention shall be paid to the following:a) General condition, especially emaciation;b)' Manner oCstanding and walking;c) Reaction to ~vironment;

d) Hide, akin and hair;e) Digestive~ystem ( lips, mouth, anus, rumination, quality of Cae.~ appetite);

8

IS : 1982 • 1971

f) Vulva, vagina and mammary glands; andg) Respiratory system ( nasal openings and respiration).

5.7 All animals showing signs of pregnancy shall be rejected and removedfrom the slaughter-house after being marked with some distinguishing mark.

5.8 No animals with young at foot shall be permitted to be slaughtered.

5.9 Every animal suspected on ante-mortem inspection shall be segregatedand tagged as a 'suspect' and slaughtered either in the emergency slaughterhall or when the slaughtering of the normal animals has been completed.

5.9.1 The Inspecting Officer carrying out the ante-mortem inspectionshall furnish in writing before post-mortem inspection to the Officer Inchargeof the Officer(s) on the slaughtering floor, of the reasons for declaring theanimals as suspect in case it is to be done by a separate office.

5.10 Any animal showing, on ante-mortem inspection, a disease or conditionthat would necessitate condemnation of the carcass on post-mortem inspec- I

tion shall be tagged as ' condemned J.

5.11 Condemned animals shall, if not already dead, be Jlaugbtered inemergency slaughter hall only and shall not be conveyed into any depart­ment of the establishment used for edible products.

6. POST·MORTEM INSPECTION

6.0 The following instructions Indicate the order and method of inspectionof all carcasses. As far as possible, the post-mortem examination shall beconducted under conditions simulating natural light.

6.1 GeDeral PriDclple. to be Ob.ervecl

6.1.1 Visceraa) All viscera shall be inspected as they are removed from the carcass

or in such circumstances as will ensure that they are viscera of aparticular carcass.

b) Every organ and the associated lymph-nodes shall be examined.When any abnormal condition is observed, the organ or gland shallbe incised and the incision made in such a manner as to avoidsoiling or contaminating or unnecessarily depreciating the valueof any part of the carcass or other organs that may be passed asfit for human consumption.

6.1.2 CarcfUsa) The carcass shall be inspected for evidence of bruising, haemor­

rhage or discolouration; local or general dropsy ( oedem.); sweUinp

9

IS I 1982 • 1971

or deformities of bones or joints or swellings or other abnormalityof bones or joints or musculature.

b) The serous membranes (pleura and peritoneum) shall be inspect­ed in every case, and in no case shall they be removed nor shall anyevidence ofdisease be modified or obliterated by washing, rubbing,stripping, or in any other manner before examination.

c) After the carcass is split, the sternum, ribs, vertebrae and spinalcord shall be examined.

d) Incision shall be made on each quarter in the musculature nearthe shoulder joint and near the pubic bone, without mutilatingthe carcass, for detection of cysts (Cystic,rew b«Jis and Cysti,eraucellulostll ).

6.2 Detailed Ia.tracd01l8 for Roadae 1a8peCtloa 01 Carca.... 01Cattle aDei Swill.

6.2.·1 Head - The head, including (a) the surface of the tongue (whichshould be loosened but not detached before inspection ), (b) the palate orroof of the mouth, and (c) the lymph-node of the throat ( retropharyngeal,submaxillary and parotid), shall be inspected and the cheek musclesshall be inspected on both sides, if necessary by a linear incision parallelto the branches of the lower jaw.

NoTS I-In cattle, the mUicles of mastication .han be esanuned by S to 4 lineariDcisioni or 15 em length and 1-5 em depth to find out the presence of cyatl or.,slimlru boris.

NOTa 2 - In the cue or calves, lymph·node or the head Ihall only be cat in cueoIlU1picion.

NOTB S -In the cue of pip, the portionl or muaclea Crom tODpe. di.p~ aDdcheek ahan be inspected under the mlUOICope or trichinOlCOpe lor tricbiDollolia.

6.2.2 Abdominal Cavity. 6.2.2.1 Stomtl&h, intIsIi"" and spl,m - The outer, and when necessarythe inner, surfaces of the stomach and intestines. and th~ lurface and sub­stance of the spleen shall be inspected, together with the lymph-nodes of thestomach and bowel , gastro-splenic and mesenteric) and web ( omentum).The spleen shall be eut where necessary, for the inspe~tion of the Iubstance( pulp ).

6.2.2.2 Lib" - The surfaces and substance of the liver shall be inspect­ed. The associated lymph-nodes (hepatic) shall also be inspected andthe bile ducts incised where necessary.

6.2.2.3 KidM.1s':- The lymph-nodes of the kidneys (renal) and theadrenal glands shall be inspected before the removal of the kidney.:.s. There­after the kidn~shall be exposed, and the surface inspected and, Ifneceaary,the kidneysshall be split by incision and the subltance inapected.

'.2.2.4 UUnu ad ooariu - The inner and outer ,urfacea of the uterus,aDd the lubstance or the ovaries shall be inspected. Where neeeuary. theaterullhall be cut tranavenely through both horns, and a1Io loftlitudinally.

10

18.1_.1171

6.2.2.5 UriNrly bltUldn - The outer and inner surfaces of the urinarybladder shall be inspected by observation and by cutting only if it shows adiseased condition.

NOTa- In reporting UpoD lesionl included in 8.2.2.1, 1.2.2.2 and 1.2.2", lpecialattendoD shall be paid AI to whether the lesions afFect the pa:itoneal IUIface or theolJaD itlelC. UDlaa care in thia connection is exercised. statistical recorda becomemiIleadiD••

6.2.3 TluJrtlC;c Cavity - The contents of the thoracic cavity shall be ins­pected before the various organs are separated and the following inspectionshall be made.

6.2~3.1 Lungs - The lungs shall be inspected and, if obviously diseased,tbey shall be incised at the base. The associated lymph-nodes ( bronchialand mediastinal) shall also be inspected and, unless. obviously diseased,shall be incised.

NOTa-In reportin. upon leaioDi in 1.2.3.1, distinction ahall be made betweenleaioDi afrectinl the pleura and thOle aft"ectinl the IUDI' ( parenchyma).

6.2.3.2 Heart- The heart sac ( pericardium) shall be opened, and theheart inspected and, if necessary, incised.

NOTa- In reportinl upon lesions in 1.23.2. distinction shall be made bctweeole.ions of the pericardium, myocardium aod endocardium.

6.2.4 Uddn - The udder shall be inspected by observation and palpation.Incisions shall be made at the base of the teats, and also into any induratedregion in the substance of the gland; the associated lymph-nodes( supramamm~ ) shall also be incised.

6.2.5 Testicles nnd Pmis - The outer surface and the substance of thetesticles and penis and the superficial inguinal lymph-nodes shall beinspected.

6.2.6 StrollS M""brtm4s - The lining (serous) membranes of the chestand abdomen (pleura and peritoneum) shall be inspected in every case.

Non I-It will be oblerved that iD all cues the roUowiDl lymph-nodCl aball beIDipectecl u a matter 01routine:

.) IletropharyDlCal (in bovines )••ubmaxillary (in swine ),b) Bronchial aDd mediutiDal,c) Hepatic, andd) Mesenteric.

NOTa 2-In the cue or • cal( apeciaI attentioD maU be paid to the Dave) ... ,"the joiDti or the carcua.

,.I lutncdou I.r Roada. _peed.. of Queu.. of SIaeep aDdGoat. ..... The inspection shall be conducted on the same hnes u for calvesin 1.2. The cutting of the heart, head, pulmonary lymph-nodes and bodyIymph-nodes shall be undertaken only in cues of IUlpiCion.

II

IS : 1982 • 1971

6.4 Instructions RegardiDg Additional Inspection Where Evideaeeof Tuberculo.is h•• beeD Discovered in Cattle aDd Swlae

6.4.1 The viscera and the associated lymph-nodes shall be inspected forevidence of tuberculosis both in the substance and in the coveringmembranes ( capsules). The existence of tuberculosis in the lymph-nodesof an organ shall be held to be evidence of the disease in the organ.

6.4.2 All the usual lymph-nodes should be inspected in meat inspectionwork ( other than those already enumerated ), such as the lower cervical,pre-sternal, sub-dorsal, prescapular, supra-mammary (or superficialinguinal), iliac and sub-lumbar-nodes; and, if necessary, the precrural andpopliteal-nodes shall be exposed and inspected by incision in every case oftubercle. Those lymph-nodes which, having regard to visible evidence, areleast likely to be infected shall be inspected first; for example, if evidence oftuberculosis is found on the pleura, the lymph-nodes of the hind quarter shallbe inspected before those of the foreq~arter.

6.4.3 The carcass of a pig in which lesions of tuberculosis are found in anysituation or in any degree shall be split and the vertebrae inspected. Thekidneys in such a carcass shall be freed, but not necessarily detached from theenclosing fatty tissue, the surface shall be carefully inspected and, if lesionsare obvious or suspected, incisions shall be made into the substance.

6.5 Instruction. RegarcliDg Acdon to be Taken in the EveDt orEvidence of Tuberculosis in Cattle and Swine

6.5.1 The carcasses of animals affected with tuberculosis shall be disposedof as given in 6.5.1.1 to 6.5.1.3.

6.5.1.1 The entire carcass shall be condemned if any of the followingconditions occur:

a) When it was observed before the animal was killed that it wassuffering from fever;

b) When there is tuberculosis associated with cachexia;

c) When the lesions of tuberculosis are generalized, as shown by theirpresence not only at the usual seats of primary infection but alsoin parts of the carcass or tn the organs that may be reached by thetubercle bacilli only when they are carried in the systemic circula­tion. The tuberculous lesions in any two of the following organsare to be accepted as evidence ofgeneralization when they occur inaddition to local tuberculous lesions in the digestive or respiratorytracts, including the lymph-nodes connected therewith: spleen.kidney, uterus, udder, ovary, testicle, adrenal gland, and brain orspinal cord or their membranes. Numerous tubercles uniformlydistributed throughout both lungs also afford evidence ofgeneralization;

12

IS I 1982 • 1871

d) When the lesions of tuberculosis are found in the muscles or inter­muscular tissue or bones or joints, or in the body lymph-nodes as aresult of draining the muscles, bones, or joints;

e) When the lesions are extensive in one or both body cavities; and

f) When the lesions are multiple, acute, and actively progressive.( Evidence of active progress consists of signs of acute inflammationabout the lesions, or liquefaction necrosis, or the presence of youngtubercles. )

6.5.1.2 An organ or a part of a carcass shall be condemned under anyC!f the following conditions:

a) When it contains lesions of tuberculosis;

b) When the lesion is localized but immediately adjacent to the fleshas in the case of tuberculosis of the parietal pleura or peritoneum.In this case not only the membrane or part affected but also theadjacent thoracic or abdominal wall is to be condemned;

c) When it has been contaminated by tuberculous material throughcontact with the floor or a soiled knife or otherwise;

d) Heads showing lesions of tuberculosis shall be condemned, exceptthat when a head is from a carcass passed for food or for cookingand the lesions are slight, or calcified, or encapsulated, ana areconfined to lymph-nodes in which not more than two are involved,the head may be passed for cooking after the diseased tissueshave been removed and condemned;

e) An organ shall be condemned when the corresponding lymph-nodeis tuberculous; and

f) Intestines and mesenteries showing lesions of tuberculosis shall becondemned.

6.5.1.3 Carcasses showing lesions of tuberculosis may be passed forfood when the lesions are slight, localized, and calcified or encapsulated, orare limited to a single or several parts of the organs of the body (except asnoted in 6.5.1.1) and there is no evidence of recent invasion of tuberclebacilli into the systemic circulation. Carcasses showing such lesions as thefollowing examples may be passed, after the parts containing the lesions areremoved and condemned in accordance with 6.5.1.2:

a) In the cervical lymph-nodes and two groups of visceral Iymph­nodes in a single body cavity, such as the cervical, bronchial andmediastinal glands, or the cervical, hepatic, and mesenteric glands;

b) In the cervical lymph-nodes and one group of visceral lymph­nodes and one organ in a single body cavity, such as the cervicaland bronchial lymph-nodes and lungs, or the cervical and hepaticlymph-nodes and the liver;

13

1I,1.·1mc) In two groups of viscerallymph-nodes and one organ in a single

body cavity, such as the bronchial and mediastinal lymph-nodesand the lungs, or the hepatic and mesenteric lymph-nodes andthe liver;

d) In two groups of visceral lymph-nodes in the thoracic cavity andone group in the abdominal cavity, or in one group of viscerallymph-nodes in the thoracic cavity and two groups in the abdomi­nal cavity, such as the bronchial, mediastinal and hepatic lymph­nodes, or the bronchial, hepatic and mesenteric lymph-nodes;

e) In the cervical lymph-nodes and one group ofvisceral lymph-nodesin each body cavity, such as the cervical, bronchial, and h~patic

lymph-nodes; and .f) In the cervical lymph-nodes and one group of visceral lymph-nodes

in each body cavity, together with the liver when the latter contain.but few localized foci. In I this class of carcasses, which win bechiefly those of hogs, the lesions of the liver are considered to beprimary, as the disease is practically always ofalimentary origin.

6.6 Iastalletioa8 ReprcliDl ActiOD to be Take. Ia the EVebt ofEvldea.ce 01 Other DI.ea.e8 F01llld ia Carca••e. of Cattle, Sheep,Goau, or Swiae

6.6.1 The entire carcass and all the earts and organs and also the bloodthereof shall be condemned and seized If evidence of any of the conditionsmentioned in 6.6.1.1 to 6.6.137 is found.

6.6.1.1 Actinomycosis andactinobacillosis ( generalit,d)a) The definition of generalization as outlined for tuberculosis

( SI' 6.5) shall apply for actinomycosis and actinobacillosis.b) Carcasses of animals in a well-nourished condition Ihowin~ un­

complicated localized lesions of actinomycosis and actinobaCJllosismay be passed after the infected organs or parts, such as head andtongue, have been removed and condemned.

••6.1.2 .A.ruumia - with emaciation.

6.6.1.3 .A.ntlarlU - Detailed instructions to be followed in dealiDg with·anthrax infected carcasses shall be as given in Appendix B. .

6.6.1.4 BIde"'"'.6.1.5 Bruising - general, extensive and severe, with or without

pngrene.8.6.1.& C",tie"ew hovis (mltUly b,'.!) - if generalized in the meat

lubstance.a) H_ - Prior to inspection the tongue shall beddaChed luBidently

from the head bones, by an employeeofthe estabUahmont to allow•

If

11.1-.1971

proper inspection to be'made of the internal muscles ofmastication.These muscles shall be inspected after incising them in such a man­ner as to split the muscles in a plane parallel with the lower jaw­bone. The masseter muscles also shall be incised, splitting theentire cxtemallayer between the outer and intermediate fasciae.

b) H,fJrl- The preparation and inspection of heart shall conform toone of the following methods:1) The surface of the heart shall be examined and a longitudinal

incision made extending from base to apex through the wall ofthe left ventricle and the interventricular septum, after whichthe cut surfaces and the inner surfaces of the ventricles shall beinspected. ' .

2) After the external surface of the heart has been inspected, theorgan shall be prepared for further inspection by an establish­ment employee severing its attachments and cutting through theinterventricular septum and such other tissues as will permithim to evert the organ completely. The inspector shall thenexamine the interior surfaces and make not more thanfour deep, lengthwise incisions into the muscles of the septumand left ventricular wall, unless the presence ofcysts is suspected,when more incisions shall be made. Under this method, careshall be taken not to cut completely through the walls of heartsto be passed without restriction, If it is necessary to maintainthe identity of hearts, the establishment shall provide conse­cutively numbered tags and appropriately mark the carcassesand hearts.

c) Final inspection of retai",d carcasses - The external and internalmuscles of mastication, the heart, and the muscular pordon of thediaphragm including its pillars, should be carefully and thoroughlysliced to ensure the finding of all cysts. Prior to the inSpeCtiOIi'of the diaphragm its peritoneum shall be removed. The tongueshall be carefully inspected by palpation, and jf the presence ofcysts in the muscles ofthis organ is suspected, the tongue shall bethoroughly sliced and all parts closely examined for cysts. Inaddition, the muscles of the oesophagus, the exposed musclesand cut muscular surfaces of the split carcass shall be inspected.Incisions may be made to ex~se additional surfaces for inspectioD,but unnecessary mutilation of carcasses which may be passed shallbe avoided.

d) Carcasses of cattle ( including the viscera) infested with tapewormcysts known as Cplie"ew bovis shall be condemned jf the meat uwatery or discoloured. Carcasses shall be considered excessivelyinfested if incisions in various parts of the musculature expose onmost ofthe cut surfaces two or more cystswithin an area or the sizeof thepalm of the hand.

1~

18 I 1982 • 1971

e) A carcass in which infestation with Cysticercus boois is limited to onedead and degenerated cyst may be passed for food after removaland condemnation of the cyst.

f) The inspection for Cysticercus bouis may be omitted in the case ofcalves under 6 weeks in age. The routine inspection of calvesover 6 weeks in age for Cysticercus bouis may be limited to a carefulexamination of the surface of the heart and such other surfacesas are rendered visible by the process of dressing.

6.6.1.7 Cysticercus celluI-usae (measly pork) if gene,ali~ed in the meat ms­tance - Carcasses of hogs affected with tapeworm cysts ( Cysticercus cellulostJI )may be passed for cooking but if the infestation is excessive, the carcass shallbe condemned.

6.6.1.8 Dropsy ( general)

6.6.1.9 Emaciation - general, pathological (associated with disease).

6.6.1.10 Erysipelas, acute, swine

6.6.1.11 Fever ( acute)

6.6.1.12 Foot-and-mouth disease ( acute)

6.6.1.13 Goat pox

6.6.1.14 Haemorrhagia septicaemia

6.6.1.15 Immaturity, stillborn or unborn carcasses - A carcass shall beconsidered too immature to produce wholesome meat if:

a) the meat has the appearance of being water-soaked, is loose and,flabby, tears easily, or may be perforated with the fingers;

b) its colour is greyish-red;c) good muscular development as a whole is lacking, especially notice­

able on the upper shank of the leg where small amounts of serousinfiltrates or small oedematous patches are sometimes present bet­ween the muscles; and

d) the tissue which later develops as the fat capsule of the kidneys isoedematous, dirty yellow or greyish-red, tough and intermixedwith islands of fat.

6.6.1.16 Jaundice (pronounced) - Carcasses showing any degree oficterus with a parenchymatous degeneration of organs, the result of infectionor intoxication, and those which show an intense yellow or greenish-yellowdiscolouration without evidence of infection or intoxication, shall becondemned. Carcasses affected with icteric-like discolouration, the result ofconditions other than those stated before, hut which lose such discolourationon chilling, may be passed as fit for human consumption.

6.6.1.17 ]ohJu's diseas« - accompanied by emaciation or anaePlia.

16

18 I 1982• Jrll

6.6.1.18 Lymphadenitis, caseDus

6.6.1.19 Malignant neoplasms - unless localized in situation and effectto one organ.

6.6.1.20 Mammitis - acute and septic.

6.6.1.21 Melanosis - generalized or any generalized pigmentation.

6.6.1.22 Metritis - acute and septic.

6.6.1.23 Perltonitis-« acute, diffuse-septic.

6.6.1.24 Pericarditis - septic.

6.6.1.25 Pneumonia - gangrenous.

6.6.1.26 Pyaemia - including joint-ill or umbilical pyaemia.

6.6.1.77 Rabies

6.6.1.28 Rickets and malnutrition

6.6.1.29 Rinderpest

6.6.1.30 Sarcocysts - if generalized in the musculature and visible tothe naked eye.

6.6.1.31 Septicaemia, or septic intoxication

6.6.1.32 Sheep pox

6.6.1.33 Swineftver

6.6.134 S","a

6.6.1.35 Tetanus

6.6.136 Trichinosis - Inspect the principal locations of trichinae inthe musculature, namely:

a) the coastal muscles;b) pillars of the diaphragm; andc) the tongue, masticatory and neck ( laryngeal muscles and muscles

of the shoulders, loins, abdomen and groins. The macroscopicalappearance of trichinae is that of numerous white specks in themeat, which is calcified making a grating or gritty sound on theknife when cut. Samples of small strips ofmuscles 6 or 8 in numberfor microscopical examination may be cut as follows:1) two from the pillars of diaphragm,2) two from the muscles (psoas) situated on either side of the

kidneys, and3) two from the tongue or muscles of larynx.

17

18I 1982 - 1971

6.6.1.37 TUtIIDUI's - multiple in musculature.

6.6.2 In all cases in which evidence of disease not enumerated in 6.6.1is found the organ or portion of the carcass affected by the disease, and theorgans or portions contiguous thereto, shall be condemned.

6.6.3 Flesh or organs or carcasses falling under one or more of the follow­ing conditions which render them unwholesome, unsound or otherwise unfitfor human consumption, shall be condemned:

a) Diseased conditions caused by bacteria which are pathogenic tothe human being;

b) Diseased conditions caused by animal parasites ( resident in edibleparts) that are pathogenic to the human being;

c) The ~resenceofpoisonous substance in the flesh. Such FOOns maybe : (I) bacterial poisons or toxins generated in the living body bypathogenic bacteria, or produced post-mortem putrefactive bacteria,or (2) mineral or vegetable poisons introduced into the living ani.mal or added to the flesh as a preservative after death;

d) Structural alterations that render the flesh, organs or the carcassunsightly or otherwise repulsive in appearance; and

e) Conditions that render the flesh innutritious.

APPENDIX ,.

[ Clmue 4.1 (e)]

PROCEDURE FOR. TID DISINFECTION OF ABATJ:OIRS

A-I. OIIBMICAL DISINFBCTION

A-I.O The Collowins chemicals are used as f;lisinfectal\b.

A-l.l Q.ldcldlme - freshly slaked•

.&-1.2 IAm..Water - in concentrations of 1 : S or 1 : 20•

.&-1.3 CIIIodcle of-lAme ( 0.001.) (BI_chlnl Powder) - to be uaedsuspended in water in concentrations of 1 : 3 or I : 20 ( '" IS: 1~5-1971· ).

A-l.t eoaceatratecl ChIoftde 01 LIme - soluble in water and contain­ing 70 percent active chlorine; to be used in concentrations of 2'5 or7 percent ( wiD) in water•

•Speci&cadoo r. bleacblDI powder, ltable (jim"""').

18

III 1M2-It'll

.6.-1.5~..T ( CII••CeHt.S0 aNCINa,3B .O ) ( Wh­,..._••~_) - containing 22 percent active chlorine;to be used in concentration of 2-5 or 7 percent,

A-l.6 801ado. 01,ere.ol (CB._C.a•.OB) - stabilized by soap anddiluted with water to a concentration of 2-5 percent ( wID ).

A-l.7 er...l-SalpJaaric AcJcIMature - a mixture of two parts of crudecresol and one part of sulphuric acid diluted with water to a concentrationof 3 percent.

.\-1.8 Plle801 (CJI.OB) - crude phenol diluted with water to a con­centration of 3 percent (SII IS: 538·1968· ).

A-l.9 eo......lve "bllaDate (Mercarlc ChIorlcle) (B001.) - onepercent ( ta]» ) aqueous solution. As this is poisonous, it should be neutraliz­ed after 24 hours by a 0-5 percent ( wlv) solution of potassium sulphide(K.S ).

4-1.10 Porm.aHa - one percent (wID) aqueous solution.

A-l.11 (baateraary Aaamoad1llD c.......

&-2. BFPICACY OF DlSINnCTANTS

A-2.1 The efficacy of • disinfectant depf?ncls upon the resistance of thecontaminating agents which may be divided into the fonowing two groupe:

a) Those which are easily destroyed together with those which do Dotleave the animal body. In these cases, a siInple cleansin,ofwaUs,floors, doors and tools with limewater ( I : 20 ) or with a suspensionof bleaching powder ( 1 : 20 ) auflices. For metal parts, anaqueouslolution of cresol or phenol is preferable.

b) Those which are not easilydestroyed and which are communicableto other animals, for example, the agents responsible for:

anthrax poxblackleg scabiesfoot-and-mouth disease septicaemiafowl cholera swine fever

In these cases, manure, straw, etc, should be burned, buried or. disinfeeted by Imrage for a lo~ period and in some cases, mixed with

slaked lime. Liquids such as blood and water should be disinfected witha 9O.percent sus~on of chloride of lime. For walla, Soon, instrumenaetc, mOlt of the disinfectants mentioned above may be used. Metal took......tioD lor pheaoJ (.......) (Jrll ...... ). .

19

IS I 1982-· 1971

or instruments should be 'sterilized by heat, if possible; otherwise, a solutionof cresol or phenol is quite effective. This solution may also be used forwooden tools, rubber boots, etc.

A-3. OTHER MEANS OF DISINFECTION

M.I Steam, dry heat and burning are also very effective. Instruments,tools, etc, may be disinfected by immersion in boiling water for 15 minutes.A 3-percent solution of washing soda ( sodium carbonate) or soap is usefulfor this purpose. Hooks, handles, covers, etc, should be scrubbed In boilingwater or solution of washing soda

APPENDIX B( Clause 6.6.1.3 )

PROCEDURE TO BE ADOPTED IN DEALING WITH AN'.I'IIRAXINFECTED cAR.C,l8SES IN ABATTOIRS

8-1. PROCEDURE

B-1.1 On opening a carcass, if lesions suspicious of anthrax are detected( that is, enlarged spleen, dark tarry coloured blood and in swine, oedema ofthe throat) J further skinning and dressing of the carcass in question andthose in close proximity shall be stopped immediately and work in thatpart of the abattoir suspended until diagnosis has been mademicroscopically.

8-1.2 In case anthrax is diagnosed, action as given in 11-1.2.1 to 8-1.23.5shall be taken,

11-1.2.1 Administrative Action8-1.2.1.1 Slaughter of animals in the abatt~ir shall be suspended until

further orders.8-1.2.1.2 The entry of all persons other than those actually required

for work of disinfection, shall be prohibited.8-1.2.1.3 Local Authority shall be informed immediately either by

telephone or by messenger.8-1.2.1.4 Medical inspection of all persons exposed to infection ahaU

be arranged.

11-1.2.2 Ex",diDl Action"1.2.2.1 Affected carcasses shall be condemned together with its oft&Ia

and hide and disposed of as laid down inll-I.t.

20

IS t 1982 • 1971

8-1.2.2.2 All carcasses on the floor are liable to contamination withinfected blood and other material and more especially those in close proximityto the affected one. Carcasses in which there is any suspicion of anthraxcontamination shall be condemned and disposed of according to the detailsgiven in B-l.4.

8-1.2.3 Disinfection

1I-1r2.3.1 The hands, feet and arms of all workers in the abattoirsshall be washed in 2 percent cresol solution. Ifavailable, gloves and overallsshall be worn by personnel handling infected or suspected anthrax carcasses.

8-1.2.3.2 Instruments like knives, steel, clothing, aprons and ropes,if exposed to contamination shall be boiled for 30 minutes.

8-1.2.3.3 Boots and belts of personnel likely to be contaminated shallbe scrubbed with a hot solution of washing soda and soap and then soakedin 2 percent cresol for 30 minutes.

1I-1.2.3.t That part of the floor of the slaughter house where the affectedcarcass lay, and any part of the floor, walls, or fittings that may have beencontaminated by blood or discharges from the affected animals, should bethoroughly flamed with a blow lamp. Thereafter, the whole floor, wallsand fittings shall be thoroughly disinfected with 5 percent cresol solution.

8-1.2.3.5 Re-opening ot the slaughter house shall be permitted whenthe meat inspector incharge is satisfied that disinfection has been thoroughlycarried out, preferably within 24 hours. The meat inspector incharre shallpersonally supervise every stage of the outlined procedure.

&.1.3 The procedure given in 8-13.1 and B-1.3.2 shall be adopted in dealingwith deaths from anthrax amongst animals awaiting slaughter In Iairares andpens attached to slaughter houses.

8-1.3.1 Blood smears shan be taken from all animals which die whilstawaiting slaughter and examined for anthrax.

8-1.3.2 In case anthrax is diagnosed, the procedure given in 8-1.3.2.1to 8-1.3.2.5 shan be adopted.

8-1.3.2.1 C In-contact t animals shall be isolated and those with tem­perature of I03°P and above shall be segregated in the same pen and bloodfilms examined.

8-1.3.2.2 Positive cases shall be destroyed and carcasses burnt orburried.

B-I.s.2.5 Animals with normal tem~turemay be slaughtered butblood films and spleen smears shall beexainined for anthrax and the carcuapalled for food oilly if these are negative.

~ 21

11,1_·1971

B-l.3.2.t No other animals shall be slaughtered at the same time andthe slaughter house shall be clear of all other animals and carcaues•

. ....1.3.2h~ Disinfection of peDS shall be carried out,

11-1.4 The anthrax carcass shall be destroyed effectively, that is, either byburning in a meat destructor or by proper burial. In the latter cue, burialshould be 2 metres deep with carcass surrounded on all sides by quicklimein a place remote from any house, water lupyly or animal puture. WIlenremoving the carcass for disposal, all its orifices shall be plugged with towsoaked in 5 percent cresol and the body should be wrapped in sacking whichhas been similarly soaked. T~ byre, stable, sty or sheep-fold shan be dis­infected with 5 percent cresol, using long handled brushes. and then wuhedover with freshly chlorinated limewuh.

INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OJ UNITS (.SI UNIt'S a

Base UnitsQuanti', UnI. Symbol

Length metre mMasl kilogram kgTfme second sElectric current amper. AThermodynamic kelvin K

temperaturecandela cdLuminous intenstty

Amount of substance mole mol

Supplementary Unit.

Qualllll, UIIII Symbol

Plane angle radian radSolid anal. Iteradian u

Derived Unit.Quanti', UnI' Symbol DI/inillo.

Porce newton N I N - I tel.ml"Bnergy joule J I J - I N.mPowe, watt W 1 W - I J',PlUI webe. Wb I Wb - 1 V,sFlux denslt, leila T I T - 1 Wb/m'frequency bertz Hz I Hz -1 c/.( .... )Blectric conductance tiemeol S 1 S - 1 A/VElectromotive force volt V I V - J W~APreasuro, streaa pascal P. I Pal - I N m'

BOMBAY 400007€ALCUTTA 700072MADRAS 600113S.A.S. NAGAR .(MOHALl) 160051

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110002Telegram. : Manak,.oltlla

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