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Irrigation

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MANDIBULAR CENTRAL INCISOR

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MANDIBULAR LATERAL INCISOR

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MANDIBULAR CANINE

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MANDIBULAR FIRST PREMOLAR

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MANDIBULAR SECOND PREMOLAR

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MANDIBULAR FIRST MOLAR

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Location of a second distal canal in the mandibular first molar.

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The MB canal orifice typically exists directly beneath the MB cusp tip, whereas the ML orifice is typically more centered on the occlusal table.

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MANDIBULAR SECOND MOLAR

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C-shaped canals

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MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLAR

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MAXILLARYMANDIBULAR INCISORS Ovoid or rounded triangular shape Ovoid, 41.4 % have 2 canals CUSPIDS / CANINES Ovoid preparation PREMOLARS Ovoid directed through middle of occlusal surface Slightly round to oval extends towards buccal MOLARS Trapezoidal form that connects MB, DB and P. 85-95 % MB 2 canals 85-95 % MB 2 canals Triangular form, if 2 D canals present then Trapezoidal form

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Distance from the cusp tip to pulp chamber ceiling height is approx : 6.0mm Distance from pulpal floor to the furcation is approx : 3.0mm Average height of pulp chamber is : 1.5 -2.0mm The pulp chamber ceiling was found at the level of the cementoenamel junction in 97% - 98% of the maxillary and mandibular molars MORPHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS OF ANATOMIC LANDMARKS IN MAXILLARY AND MANDIBULAR MOLARS

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Straight-line access should be established using Gates-Glidden burs sizes 2-3 (and 4 in large canals). These instruments are only intended for the coronal one third of the canal. They should be applied with light sweeping motions about 3-5 times in and out of the canal.

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This is sodium hypochlorite in a concentration of either 5.25 or 2.5%. It acts as a medium to dissolve and flush organic debris and bacterial products out of the root canal system, as well as functioning as a lubricant and antibacterial agent. Irrigation

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RC Prep contains 10% Urea peroxide, 15% EDTA (Ethyl di tetra acetic acid) a chelating agent. When combined with sodium hypochlorite, a chemical reaction takes place between the urea peroxide and the sodium hypochlorite, to release nascent oxygen in a bubbling action which aids in flushing debris out of the root canal system. It is important that the root canal system is irrigated after the use of each file size !

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STANDARDIZATION OF ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS

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16 mm D1 D16

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The use of irrigating solutions is an important part of effective chemomechanical preparation. Antibacterial agent. Tissue solvent. Flush debris. Lubricant. Eliminate the smear layer.

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Concentration of NaOCl. Berber et al. (2006)

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The ability of an irrigant to be distributed to the apical portion of a canal is dependent on: Canal anatomy Size of instrumentation Delivery system Baumgartner & Cuenin (1992)

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