Food Production and Management of Crops

Presented by R Hema Sri

12th June, 2015

What is Agriculture?

• The Science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops

• Growing plants and receiving animals for food, clothing and other useful products is called Agriculture

• Other name for Agriculture is Farming or Husbandry

Types of Crops

Kharif Crops – Planted in June and harvested in October generally

Rice Cotton GroundnutMaize

Rabi Crops – Planted in November and harvested in April generally

Wheat Barley Pea Gram

Agricultural Practices

• Preparation of Soil• Applying manure• Sowing of Seeds• Facilitate water (Irrigation)• Weeding• Crop harvesting• Storage

Preparation of Soil• This involves Ploughing, Levelling and applying fertilizers

Ploughing: The process of preparing the soil for sowing seeds or planting to loosen and turn the soil

Traditional way of ploughing with oxes

Modern way of ploughing with tractor

Levelling:•To prevent the loose soil from being gradually destroy by wind or water, it is leveled using a wooden or iron leveler •In this way lumps of soil that remain in the field can be crushed

Manuring:•To increase the fertility of the soil, manure of fertilizers and nutrients are to be added before sowing the seeds

Traditional way of leveling Modern way of leveling

Traditional way of manuring Modern way of manuring

Sowing of Seeds and its selection•At first, the good seeds has to be selected by dropping the seeds into water•Then the unwanted ones would float on water and the good seeds would settle to bottom •In India, the healthy and good seeds are provided by National Seeds Corporation (NSC)•Now, the seeds can be sowed manually or using seed drills

Manual sowing of seeds Sowing of seeds by seed drill

Irrigation•After Sowing of seeds, the process of watering the plants is called Irrigation

Traditional type:

Modern type:

Furrow Basin Water Wheel Canal

Sprinkler Irrigation Drip Irrigation

Weeding•In the agricultural field, some undesired plants known as weeds would grow•The process of removing those undesired plants is called weeding

Weeding manually

Weeding with hand-tool

Weeding with tractor using machine

Crop Harvesting

ModernTraditional

Threshing with tractorThreshing manually

Winnowing

Harvesting manually

Winnowing with machine

Harvesting with machine

Storage•After harvesting, the obtained product stored in the different places and wait for reasonable market price

Traditional storage in huts

Storage in Conical tins Storage in Godowns

Cold Storage

Crop Diseases

Aphids Disease Viral Disease Tikka Disease

•When the time the plants are growing in the field, some kind of insects attack the growing plants that damage the crops•Because of this damage, the yield of crops would be less than expected

•Generally, there are three types of crop diseases

Prevention

•To prevent the diseases from pests, spraying would be done in the fields to get the high productivity of crops

•There are two types of fertilizers

Bio-fertilizers: These are prepared by decomposing plant and animal wastes

Chemical fertilizers:These are prepared in industries. Urea, DAP, NPK, etc. are some fertilizer names

Spraying manually Spraying with helicopter

References

• Text book• http://gradestack.com/CBSE-Class-8th-Complete/Crop-

Production-and/Preparation-of-Soil/14782-2855-2565-study-wtw

• http://www.slideshare.net/pankhurij/crop-production-and-management

• http://www.slideshare.net/ZaidAlam/agriculture-practices

• http://www.slideshare.net/icon66rt/agriculture-ppt-15538511