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[1917 ISSUE]Compiled by the " Weekly Irish Times" Dublin.

SINN FEINREBELLIONANDBOOK.

Easter. 1916.

Complete and- Connected Narrative of the Rising, with DetailedAccounts of the Fighting at all Points.

Story of the Great Fires, with list of Premises Involved.Military and Rebel Proclamations and Despatches.Punishment or'RebelsFull Record of Sentences.

^asualities Official Lists ofMilitary, Royal Irish Constabulary, DublinMetropolitan Police, Volunteer Training Corps, and Rebels.

Names of Persons Interred in Cemeteries.Official Lists of Pris'oners Deported and Released.SPECIAL MAP PRINTED IN COLOURS.

(Illustrating the Area of Fighting.)

Despatches of Sir John Maxwell and Viscount French.ronours, Promotions, and Awards to Military, Police, and Civilians,Court-martial at Richmond BarracksReports of Public Trials.Sir Roger Casement's Landing, Capture, Trial and Execution. 'Hardinge Commission of InquiryEvidence and Report.Simon Commission of InquiryEvidence and Report.

Vork of the Hospitals St. John Ambulance City and County of.Dublin Red Cross Societies Lists of Names.

Facsimile Reproductions of Rebel Proclamations, &c.Names of Prisoners Released under General Amnesty.

Photographs, Personal Notes, and Index.

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STIVX FEIX EKBKT.T.IOX ..HANDBOOK.

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STNX FKIX REBELLION HANDBOOK. .. -

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SINN FEIN REBELLION HANDBOOK.

[1917 ISSUE.]

Compiled by the " Weekly Irish Times/* Dublin.* %

Easter, 1916.

Complete and Connected Narrative of the Rising, with DetailedAccounts of the Fighting at All Points.

Story of the Great Fires, with List of Premises Involved.Military and Rebel Proclamations and Despatches.Punishment of RebelsFull Record of Sentences.

CasualtiesOfficial Lists ofMilitary, Royal Irish Constabulary, DublirMetropolitan Police, Volunteer Training Corps, and Rebels.

Names of Persons Interred in Cemeteries.Official Lists of Prisoners Deported and Released.SPECIAL MAP PRINTED IN COLOURS

{Illustrating the Area of Fighting).

Despatches of Sir John Maxwell and Viscount Fre w\.Honours, Promotions and Awards to Military, Police and Civilians,Courts-martial at Richmond BarracksReports of Public Trials.Sir Roger Casement's Landing, Capture, Trial and Execution.

Hardinge Commission of InquiryEvidence and Report.Simon Commission of InquiryEvidence and Report.

Work of the HospitalsSt. John AmbulanceCity and County ofDublin Red Cross SocietiesLists of Names.

Facsimile Reproductions of Rebel Proclamations, &c.Names of Prisoners Released under General Amnesty.

Photographs. Personal Notes, and Index.

'u

XII. SINN" FEIN B.KBEIXION HANDBOOK.

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S1VX FKJN HKRIXT.TOX HANDBOOK.

SUMMARY OF CONTENTS.

Page.Declaration of Irish Republic (Facsimile) ... .,, ... ... ... ... 1Photographs of the " Provisional Government" ... ,., ... ... ... 2 3Surrender of Piebels (Facsimile) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4Rebels' Address to the Citizens of Dublin ... ... ... ... ... ... 4aFacsimile of John MacNeill's Letter ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4bEvents leading up to the Outbreak ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5-7The Fighting in Dublin 7-30Sir John Maxwell Answers Charges against Troops ... ... ... ... 27-8The Railways and Tramways During the Rising ... ... ... ... ... 31-2T s Great Fires 33-3dThe Rising in the Country ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 38-40Official Reports and Statements (with Photographs) ... ... ... ... 4147Rebel Proclamations ... ... ... 48-51Official Casualty ListsMilitary, R.I.C., D.M.P., and G.R 52-58Names of Persons Interred in Glasnevin, Mount Jerome, and Dean's Grange

Cemeteries ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 59-61Rebels Killed while Fighting 61Punishment of Rebels (with Photographs) ... ... ... ... ... ... 62 68Condemned Rebel's Marriage in Prison ... ... ... ... ... ... ggPrisoners Deported, Detained, and Released ... ... ... ... ... 69-91Sir John Maxwell and Viscount French's Despatches ... ... ... ... 92-97Honours and Awards to Military and Police 98-99 255-8Courts-martial :

Shooting of Francis Sheehy Sherrington ... ... ... ... ... 102-108Murder of Constable McGee ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 109-112Meath County Surveyor ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 112-115Shooting at Guinness's Brewery 116-121Soldier Charged with Murder ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 122 123Attempted Gun-running in Kerry * ... ... ... ... 123-126Shooting of Head Constable Rowe ... ... ... ... ... ... 126-127

Sir Roger Casement's Landing, Capture, Trial, and Execution ... 128-150Maps Facing Page 14, 136-7, 241Royal Commission of Inquiry into Causes of RebellionEvidence, Report-

and Conclusions ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 151-205R.< yal Commission of Inquiry into Shooting of three men at Portobello

BarracksReport, Extracts of Evidence, and. Mrs. Skeffington's Statement 206-224Red Cross, Ambulance, and Hospftal WorkersStaves Used by the RebelsTh? government of the Country ...Leg*J( Aspects of the RebellionRebuilding of Destroyed AreasCompensation for Victims and Property Destroyed...Defenders of Trinity CollegeVolunteer Defenders of Beggar's JJush Barracks ...Newspapers During the RebellionsPasses Granted by Military a^l Polity Who's Who in this Volume . 4.Names of prisoners Released Uhc'er General Amnesty-Index ...

225-238

238239-244

245 6246-8

24950251-2

252253254

259-76277

X1V.-XV., 278-28r

rSDKX.

INDEX.

Tist nf places and names alphabetically arranged appear in the Handbook as follows:Premises Destroyed and Damaged in tiie Great FilesKilled and Wounded.MilitaryOfficers and Men .

,,Royal Irish ConstabularyDublin Metropolitan Police ..

,', Veteran Volunteers250' Persons Interred at Glasnevin Cemetery24 , ,, Mount Jerome49 " ,, Dean's Grange

Rebels Killed While Fighting .. . . ...Rebels Executed and Sentenced to Penal Servitude and Imprisonmentprisoners Deported and ReleasedHonours and Awards to Military ...

,.Royal Irish Constabulary

,, Dublin Metropolitan i'olice

St John Ambulance Brigade Workersti'tv of Dublin Red Cross WorkersCoiintv of Dublin Red Gross Workers ...rC-iiftf-nt^s and War Loan Stock Presented to Royal Tnsh Constabularye,L "u

; Dublin Metropolitan Police ..

Defenders of Trinity CollegeDePeggar's Bush Barracks

Prisoner 1* "Released from Penal Servitude under General Amnesty~ Names of persons not found in the following index should be sought for in one or

the above lists. ,Ammunition Used by

36 86*-65/

67-858

596060-16161

62-6869-91

9898-999

225-50250-1231-3255-8255-6251-2252277

other of

A.

Abbevdurney Police Station 134-5

^ ?To, It. 12, 33-7. 41-9Abbey Theatre ^/Aberdeen, Lord .. 174. 184Absurdity of Viceroys

Position . _ a ;?Acheson, Maj. P TT., A.S.C. 52Acknowledgments of Sir

John Maxwell 9Act of Injustice 184Act of Union .. . 156Address to Citizens of Dublin

by Rebels .. 4a,_ 48Adelaide Hospital 16, 2o6-7Admiralty

7. 10, 24, 92-3. 125, 130-4,163, -71, 182

Ahem. Sergeant, R.l.G.6, 127, 25S

Ai'esbury Park Hospital.. 232Aisne, Battle of . .. 106Alexandra College Nursing

Division .. .. 226Alexander. T. E 112Aliens .. .. 169, 187-8Allegations Against Troops

27, 29, 43, 97Allen and Sons, James .. 37Allen, Richard .. 34, 36Allett, Col. H. T. W.

52, 98, 213, 259Allies in Europe .. .. 1, 50Alridge, Sergt. J. W.

104, 20910. 216-17, 269Alton, Captain E. H.

94-8. 100, 251, 259Ambulances Fired On .. 97ambulances Reviewed .. 100Ambus > of Soldiers 20, 27America

44, 141-5-6, 151-6-7, 171America Influence

.. 191America Kinsmen Tn ... l. 50America'Letters from .. 125American Lawyer ;itGarment Trial'

.. 133America Money from

146. 151, 161-5-6. 170-1198, 201

American Subscriptions toKeli.-f Fund ..

.. 244Amkms Street Shooting 122-3Amiens Si net Station 8, 32, 93Ammunition, American noAmmunition Taken (torn

Rebels .... ... 171 u

Ammunition Theft of.) ili.ary

. . ; ,jJifliiiiuiiitioo. from Germajy lv!>4, 6

Rebels 171Amnesty ..

... 277

Aiia.rcit.st Sentiment .. 200A.O.li. (American Alliance) lb9Anderson, R.A., iA.V.T.O.

22, 58Annesley Bridge .. .. 30Anti-British

151-2-b, 161-5. 181-8. 191-7,201

Antipathy, Some Causes.. 157Auu-RecruiUiig Meetings,

181-7-8, 192Antrim Co. 2421 PacK of Rebels .. 203Appeal by Casement .. 147-9Arbour Hill .. 77-8, 133Archbishop's House, Drum-

co.vdra .. ... 7Ardee .. ..41, 109-11-14Ardl'ert 124-5, 150-2-3-8, 3.40Arkluvv .. .. 44-5 95Ailiugton Street .. .. 156Armagh 242Arming of Police.. .. 196Armoured Motor Cars fend

Lorries .. 17, 52, >"A, 95-6Armoured Train .. 39, 40Arms Act 159, 165, 1P2, 196-7ArmsAttempt to Laud German

7, 41, 153, 193ArmsCarrying Prohibited 47Arms

Importation of151-3, 16b, 170 198, 202-4

Arms Landed in Kowth... 152Arms Landed in Ulster.. 152Arms Purchased from

Soldiers 151Arms Restriction ... 152-3Anns Snxii'v 6 169. 186, 199AnnsSurrender > 47, 194Army Coin e.il

. 46, 108Army of the Irish Republic

19, 44-8-9, 50-1, 61Army Pay Department 33, 95Army Service Corps .. 55Arnott and Co. .. 10, 33Arrest, of Cas< nienD .. 130Arrival nf Sir John

95179, 192

201

MaxwellIrsenalA r a neArtillery

9. 10. 13 23, 24, 31, 44-9,50, 93-7, 161

40 4. 96, 112 1564 7, 112, 277

\shbonrne 38,Aslie. ThomasAsquith il II.

29. 4i-, -MJ-8. 100. 163. 239,243

Aston's Quay. ,. 35

i Terrible Ordeal .. 212Athemeum, Enniscorthy.. 179Athelliy

. 31, 39, 42, 174-6Athlone

.. .. 92-3, 173Atkins, Mr. Justice .. 147-9Attempt to Blow Up Bridges 31Attempt to Blow Up .Nelson

Piilar ....

.. 15And (Arms Ship)

124, 130-4-5. 162, 178, 203-4Australian Subscription?

to Relief Fund.. .. 244*ostria

.... 1^6 194

Auxiliary Hospitals.. 225-6

A very, Mr. Justice ..138-146Aivanl" to R.l C. ai~l

D.M.P... .. 265-8

Award., to Victims ofRebellion ..

. 249B.

Bachelor's Walk8. 12, 49, 131. 158, 171, 198

Baggoti street .. ..20. 21Bagnalstown

. . .. 44-5Bailey, Daniel Julian

123-6, 128-159 149, 163, 259Baker and Sons .. .. 30Baker, Lieut. A. W. W. 98, ICORalbriggan VA.D. .. 232Baleh. Major 52, 211-17, 223Baldwin, Mr. ..

.. 69Ball. Sir Arthur. M.D. . 25Balliua

. ... .. 182Bailivor .. .. .. 113Rallsbridge 21, 27, 93-4nall.vlxiden

.. .. 7Ball.vbough Bridge .. 30Rallvcotton Day ... .. 190Ballyheigue .. 124, 133Bt-'llykissane Quay

.. 7Dall.vmacelligott .. .. 177Rallymun .. .. . 179Bafrath .. 38, 113Balrothery . .. 113Hank Account of Volun-

teers .. . .. 193Bank of Ireland 94, 173, 239Raima SI rand 125, 132-3Barbed Wire in Sack v ill

street .... 1%

Barlinnie Barracks .. 83-4Barrett, Constable Thos., DM. P.

99. 259Barricades in Streets

8. 9, 12, 28-30, 33-4, 49,935-7

Barrow Bridge .. 42. 189Darr.vniore. Lord .

.

.. 161Rnrton, Air. Justice .. ioaBart

IXDKX.

250Basis of Comixmsation for

Destroyed PropertyBatlenberg, Capt. 11 is

Highness Prince Alex-ander of .. .. 98

Battersby, Capt 40Bnttersby, Miss .. .. 40Battersby, Mr.. K.C. .. 40Ravvnard House 40. 126-7Bavonets 8 16. 152. 169. J 83tfra'en*. Patrick 28. 29, 269feater, G. V 36Bcaitic. I.icnt 213Beggar's Bush Barracks

9, 20 2-5-4. 93. 252Bilaeiw, Colonel (Russian Army)

154, 140Belfast,

41-2 5-6. Tn'Mrnr Parties .. .. 94V* wrung School .. .. 94Bombs 14 5. 110-1-6 9. 208-21Booth. B. W. 174. 259Bowen-C'ollhnrst. Captain J. C.

102-8. 207-224. 260Bow St. Police Court 128-138Royd. Mr. Justice .. 174Boxers and Co. '.. .. 35Boyle. John F 250Bov Seoids. Kingstown .. 101Bracken, Sprirf.. M.F P. .. 133Btaltan, Constable F.ugene. B.I.C

99 113. 255, 260Bray Carfers of L. andN.W Bly 100

Bray. Mr. Ju'dieo.. .. 1 47 9Bravery of Women Civilians

16. 20Broken Hear? nolel ..33 38|!*( iituin Miehiel .. 180KremuKt, Pie. Joseph .. 138Bridge Street .. .. 33-5 8

Ciihermore

XXI. SINN 1 FEIN BTCnET.T/ION HANDBOOK.

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IRISHMEN AND IRISHWOMEN In the name of God and of ihe dead generationsfrom which she receives her old tradition of nationhood, Ireland, through us. summonsher children to her flag and strikes for her freedom.

Having organised and trained her manhood throwgh her secret revolutionaryorganisation, the Irish Republican Brotherhood, and through her open militaryorganisations, the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army, having patientlyperfected her discipline, having resolutely waited for the right moment iu revealitself, she now seizes that ra-oment. and. supported by her exiled children in Americaand by gallant allies in Europe, but relying in the first on her. own strength, she6tnkes in full confidence of victory.

We declare the right of the people of Ireland to the ownership of Ireland, and tothe unfettered control of Irish destinies, to be sovereign and indefeasible. The longusurpation 6i that right by a foreign people and government has not extinguished theright, nor can u ever be extinguished except by the destruction of the Irish people. Laevery generation the Irish people have asserted their right to national freedom andsovereignty

.

six times during the past three hundred years they have asserted it inarms. Standing on that fundamental right and again asserting it in arms in ihe faceof the world, we hereby proclaim the Irish Republic as a Sovereign Independent State,and we pledge cur lives and the lives of our comrades-in-arms 10 the cause of its freedom,of its welfare, and of its exaltation among the nations.

The Irish Republic is entitled to. and hereby claims, the allegiance of everyIrishman and Irishwoman. The Republic guarantees religious and civil liberty, equalrights and equal opportunities to all its citizens, and declares its resolve to pursuethe happiness and prosperity of the whole nation and of all its parts, cherishing allthe children of the nation equally, and oblivious of the differences carefully fostered

by an alien government, which have divided a minority from the majority in the past.Until our arms have brought the opportune moment for the establishment of a

permanent National Government, representative of the whole people of Ireland andelected by the suffrages of all her men and women, the Provisional Government, hereby

constituted, will administer the civil and military affairs of the Republic in trust forthe people.

We place the cause of the Irish Republic under tha protection of the Most High Cod,Whose blessing we invoke upon our arms, and we pray that no one who serves thatcause will dishonour it by cowardice, inhumanity, or rapine. In this supreme hourthe Irish" nation must, by its valour and discipline and by the readiness of its childrento sacrifice themselves for the common good, prove itself worthyof the august destiny

to which it is called.Signed on Behalf of the Provisional Government,

THOMAS J. CLARKE.SEAN Mac DIARMADA. THOMAS MacDQNAGH.

P. H. PEARSE. EAMONN CEANNT.JAMES CONNOLLY. JOSEPH PLUNKETT.

Above Is a reproduction of the poster bv which the Irish Republic was declared enMonday, 24th April, 1916. The poster, it will be absented, bears no dale.

The declaration of the Irish Republic

was made on Easter Monday, 24th

April, 1916. The Provisional Government

was composed of the seven men whose

signatures appeared on the proclamation

poster, and whose photographs are re-

produced on this and the following page.

All the seven were condemned by courts-

martial, and executed after the rebellion

had been suppressed.

fhoto ay} IKeogh Bros.

THOMAS * CLARKE, executed on 3rd May.

fhoto by] [Heooh V,t'>$.

JOHN McOCRHOTT, exr.cutbd on 12lh May.rkolo by] [Lalayetlo.

1HOMAS MacDONAGH. axeouted on 3rd May.

Photo by} lhajayelle.

P. H. PEARSE, "President/' executed on 3rd May.

Photo Wj iKeogh Bros.EDMUND KENT, executed on 8th May.

mm& \ ^^J

Photo bul \_La}ayette.JAMES CONNOLLY, executed) en 12ttt May. JOSEPH PLUNKETT. executed on 4th May.

In order to prevenj the further slaughter of Rlblir..

citizens, and in the hope of saving tho livee of our

followers now surrounded and hopelessly outnumbered, the

member b of the Provisional Government present at Head-

Quartere ha7 agreed to an unconditional surrender, and the

Coranandants of the various districts in the Citv and Country

will order their cornmands to lay down arms.

i* 5 c-^o-*-^ _V^v-- '

^^1 ay /c

qi A^ ^^ I ^* ckcM^A^ TV

Above I* a facsimile reproduction 1 the document signed by Uu rebel leaden on

surrender.

4 a

rovision... TO THE ...

CITIZENS OF DUBLIThe Provisional Government of the Irish Republic safbtca

the Citizins of Dublin on the momentous occasion of theproclamation of a

Sovereign Independent Irish Statenow in course of being established by Irishmen in Arms,The Republican forces hold the Jines taken up at Twelve

noon on Easter Morday, and nowhere, despite fierce and almostcontinuous attacks of the British troops, have the lines beenbroken through. The country is rising in answer to Dublin'scal), and the final achievement of Ireland's freedom is now, withGod's help, only a matter of days. The valour, self sacrifice,and discipline 'of Irish men and women are about to win for oufcountry a glorious place among the nations.

'Ireland's honour has already been redeemed ; it remains tovindicate berfwisdom and hci self-control.

All citizens of Dublin who believe in the tight- of- theirCountry to be free will give theiV allegiance And their loyal helpSo the Irish Republic. There is work for everyone; for the menin the righting lint;, and tor the women in the provision of foodand first aid. Every Irishman.'and Irishwoman worthy of bhejnarne will come forward to help their common country in' this hersupreme hour.

Able bodied Citizens can help by building barricades in thestreets to oppose the advance of the British troops. The Britishtroops have been firing on our women and on our Red Cross,On the other hand, Irish Regiments in the British Army haverefused to. act against their fellow countrymen.

The Provisional Government hopes that its supporters which means the 'vast bulk of the people of Dublin will preserveorder and self-restraint. Such 'looting as has already occurred'has been dpne by hangers-on of the British Army. Ireland mustkeep her new honour unsmirched-

We have lived to see an Irish Republic proclaimed. Maywe live to establish it firmly, and may. our children and ourchildren's children enjoy the happiness and prosperity whichfreedom will bring.

Signed on behalf of the Provisional Government;. .

* ** PEARS2,Commanding in Chkf the Forces of the Irish Republic

and President of the Provisional Governmentbove is a retroaction cf tile pester bv wJWt ie U.:..j.^-.i sa.-

*4Jrese.

th

B

&LOC&

THE DARKEST WEEKOF DUBLIN.

AN ORGIE OF FIRE AND SLAUGHTER.The story of the Sinn Fein rebellion in

J)ublin begins a long way behind EasterMonday, 24th April, 1916, but for thepurpose of giving a comprehensive narrativeof the rising it will suffice to begin with theoperations on St. Patrick's Day, Friday, 17thMarch. On that date the Dublin Battalionsof the Irish Volunteers held a field day inthe city. The different sections paraded inthe morning at various city churches, andlater the whole force assembled in CollegeGreen, where they gave a display of militarymanoeuvres, concluding with a march pastMr. John MacNeill. the President (whosename was printed Eoin MacNeill in mostdocuments issued by the Volunteers), and themembers of the Executive, who had pre-viously inspected th ? men in the ranks. Theseoperations lasted from 11 o'clock till oneo'clock, and for two hours the tram andother vehicular traffic was peremptorily sus-pended by the volunteers, most of whomcarried rifles and bayonets, and whose num-bers on that occasion were estimated at2,000. While the inspection was in progressthe pipe bands of the 2nd and 3rd Battalionsdiscoursed music, and among the large crowdof spectators leaflets were distributed con-taining " Twenty plain facta for Irishmen."

The following are extracts :

" It is the natural right of the people ofevery nation to have the free control of theirown national affairs, and any body of thepeople is entitled to assert that right in thename of the people."

"The Irish people have not the free con-trol of their own national affairs."

"Some of the Irish people do desire thatfreedom, and r.re entitled to assert the rightof the nation."

'' The Irish Volunteers (under the presi-

dency of Eoin MacNeill) are pledged to thecause of the freedom of Ireland."

"In raising, training, arming, and equip-ping the Irish Volunteers as a military body,the men of Ireland are acquiring the powerto obtain the freedom of the Irish Nation."

" It is the duty of every Irishman who de-sires for his 'country her natural right of free-dom and for himself the natural right of afreeman, to be an Irish Volunteer."

This demonstration in the centre of DubHnon St. Patrick's Day was the first time theIrish Volunteers had taken aggressive actionin daylight, but on several occasions pre-viously they had conducted night manoeuvresand practised street fighting in open spaces,generally between Saturday night and Sundaymorning, and one night their operations con-sisted of manoeuvring around the entrances toDublin Castle. The police on each occasionwere eye-witnesses of the operations, but didnot interfere with the movement of the Volun-teers.

THE AF?RAY AT TULLAMORE.

While the proceedings in Dublin on St.Patrick's Day were still a matter of publiccomment, a new development occurred atTullamore on Monday evening, 20th March.Ill-feeling which had been smouldering inthe town for some time against the Sinn FeinVolunteers was m-nifested at a hurling matchin aid of the Wolfe Tone memorial on Sunday,19th March, when a spectator attempted toremove a flag from one of the Sinn Feiners,who, it was alleged, retaliated by drawing arevolver. The feeling was accentuated thefollowing morning, Monday, 20th, at Tulla-more Railway Station, where a number ofwomen were taking leave of their husbands,who are serving in the Leiiwter Regiment.A body of Sinu Fein Volunteers who aj>-

peared on the platform were then the object filthy epithets at him, and one man spat atof n hostile demonstration. These incidents bjm through the window. Other soldiers, heculminated in a shooting affray in the Sinn added, were jostled and insulted by the crowd:Fein Hall in William street the same evening.A number of children carrying a Union Jack _

_, , "'f ? 6 F * RMf\, . .eang 6 nn 2 s in front of the hall; the crowd On Sunday, 9th April, the DM. P. seized a,soon swelled, and amid boohin- and cheering motor car in College Green, and found it eon-stone-throwing began, and the windows of tamed a quantity of snot guns, revolvers,the hall were smashed. The volunteers in- bayonets, and ammunition, which wrs beingside retaliated bv firmer revolvers, and a large conveyed to Wexford. I wo men in the car,force of police proceeded to eeauh the hall '* ho were identified as Sum rem Volunteersfor arms. A general melee then took place, from terns, were afterwards sentenced torevolvers were fired at the police, an J several three months imprisonment.of them injured. Ultimately several men were The same day a parade of the Sinn Feinarrested and charged next morning with hav- Volunteers 'tool* place through the streets ofincr fired a t an i attacked with intent to Dublin 'y way of protest against the deporta-murder County Inspector Crane, District In- tion to England of two organisers, Ernestspector Fitzgerald, Head Constable Stuart Blv, .e and William MeHowes. About 1.3G0and Sergeant Ahem. Subsequently another took part in the proceedings. When the pro-batch of volunteers were arrested, and remands cession was passing through St. Steuben'swere granted several times, as Sergeant Green a tram driver attempted to take hisAhem was unable to appear, he having been vehicle through between two companies, andseriously injured and conveyed to Steevens' sounded his gong by way of warning A cyclistHospital, Dublin. The case of these pri- in Volunteer uniform placed iiis machine iosoners is dealt with in the portion of this book front, of the trfim, placed his hand upon h srecording the Courts-martial. revolver, and dared the driver to proceed.

The tram man at once stopped until the wholeTHE MANSION HOUSE MEETING.

. precision had passed.On Thursdav, 30tn March, at the Mansion r ^

House, Dublin! a largely-attended meeting was MR JUSTICE KENNY'S REMARKS.held, under the presidency of Alderman Corri- On the following Tuesday, Anril 11th,gan, for the purpose of protesting against _a

'

Mr. Justice Kenny, in opening t' e pro-recent order for the deportation of certain ceedings of the Commission for the City oforganisers of the Irish Volunteers. The prin- Dublin, referred to a propaganda in the cityoipal speakers were Mr. John M'Neill, Presi- of an openly seditions character which set aildent of the Irish Volunteers, and two Roman authority at defiance, and seemed to beCatholic clergymen. The speeches were of a started in order to counteract the recruitingstrong character, and during the proceedings" movement. They had, he said, read uf thea collection was made amongst the audience poh.e, in the execution of their duty, beingfor the defence of the organisers. The fol- met and repulsed by men armed with rifle andlowinfr resolution was adopted unanimously :

bayonet, and of street disturbance in which"This public meeting of Dublin citizens in the firearms appeared to be freely used. WhatMansion House. Dublin, asks all Irish people he regarded as the most serious attempt toto join iir opposing the Government's attempt, paralyse recruiting was the display of largounanimously condemned bv national opinion posters, such as, "England's Last Ditch"last vear, and now renewed; Io send Irishmen and "The Pretence of the Realm Act," whichinto banishment from Ireland." must necessarily have a most mischievous and

After the meeting, a number of persons who deterrent influence on certain classes of thehad attended it marched through the streets, population. He called attention to it becauseand revolver shots were fired in Grafton street, continuance of that state of tilings must haveand opposite the Provost's house at Trinity a tendency to create incalculable mischief.College. One of the revolver shots pierced a In the House of Commons tho same day,pocket in the overcoat of Inspector C irretb, Mr. Augustine Birrell, Chief Secretary, reply-D.Al.P. A young man who was arrested and ing to Major Newman, said that it would becharged with being a member of a disorderly contrary to public interest to disclose t liecrowd and breaking a lamp in a motor car, information in possession of the Irish Govern-was fined 5s. and 5s. costs, and ordered to ment concerning the Irish Volunteers, or thefind 1 bail, the alternative being seven days C0Urse of action proposed to he followed inin prison. The following night, March 31st dealing with them. The activities of thisa public meeting at Bere'sford [dace, presided organisation, however, were receiving thoover by Alderman T. Kelly, endorsed the dosest attention.resolution passed at the Mansion House meet-ing the previous night. In view of subsequent A BOGUS SECRET ORDER.

it i orthv of note here that Mr. A meeting of the Dnl.lln Corporation onKheeby Skeffingtoii was .me of the speakers at Wednesday, 19th April, afforded the nextthe Beresford place meeting. Sinn Fein sensation. During a discussion of

WOUNDED IRISH FUSIL. ER SPAT UPON. th?police rate Alderman T Kelly read the

An lush Fusilier, who had ben wounded at following, document, "hich, he paid hadSuvla Bay. wrote to the I ruh Times on 31st been furnished by Mr. Little, editor of NewMarch, that while driving in a cab along Ireland:Gialton street the previous night some of the "The following precautionary measuresmen from the Mausiou House meeting hurled have been sanctioned by tho Irish Olliie oa

the reci. m :nei dat on of the General OfficerCommanding the Forces in Ireland. All pre-parations: will be made to put these measuresii force immediately on receipt of an Orderissued from the Chief Secretary's Office, Dub-lin Castle, and signed by the Under Secretaryand the General Officer Commanding theForces in Ireland. First, the following per-sons to be placed under arrest:All membersof the Sinn Fein National Council, the CentralExf.-ntive Irish Sinn Fein Volunteers, Gene-ral Council Irish Sinn Fein Volunteers,( oiinty Board Irish Sinn Fein Volunteers,Executive Committee National Volunteers,Coisde Gnota Committee Gaelic League. Seelist A 3 and 4 and supplementary list A 2.

Metropolitan Police and Royal IrishConstabulary forces in Dublin Citv will beconfined to barracks under the direction ofthe Competent Military Authority. Anorder will be issued to inhabitants of city toremain in their houses until such tim 3 as theCompetent Military Authority may otherwisedirect or permit. Pickets chosen from unitsof Territorial Forces will be placed at allpoints marked on Maps 3 and 4. Accom-panying mounted patrols will continuouslyvisit all points and report e\ery hour. Thefollowing premises will be occupied by ade-quate forces, and all necessary measures usedwithout need of reference to Headquarters.First, premises known as Liberty Hall,Beresford place; No. 6 Harcourt street, SinnFein Building; No. 2 Dawson street, Head-quarters Volunteers ; No. 12 D'Olier street,"Nationality" office; No. 25 Rutland square,Gaelic League Office ; No. 41 Rutland square,Foresters' Hall; Sinn Fein Volunteer pre-mises in city ; all National Volunteer -"re-mises in the city ; Trades Council Premises,Capel street: S.nrrev House. Lei^ster road,Rathmines. THE FOLLOWING PREMISESWILL BE ISOLATED, AND AIL COMMU=NIC Tiro,\ TO AR FROM PREVENTED:PREMISES KNOWN AS ARCHBISHOP'SHOUSE, DRL'MCONDRV; MANSIONHOUSE, DAWSON STREET; No. 40 Her-bert Park; Larkfield, Rimmage road; Wood-trwn Park, Bnllvbodcn ; Saint Enda's College,Hermitage. Rathfarnham : and in additionpremises in list 5 D, see Maps 3 and 4."Alderman Kelly said he took the responsi-

bility of reading the document in dischargeof his public duty. If they wanted this classof thing, of course there was no help for it,but he and those associated with him woulddo everything they could to see that discre-tion and moderation would remain.

"AN ABSOLUTE FABRICATION."The military authorities in Dublin the same

night stated that the foregoing document readby Alderman Kelly at the Corporation meetingwas "an absolute fabrication from beginningto end, and does not contain a word oftruth."

munition and three mysterious strangers hadcome ashore in that district, and that theSinn Fein Volunteers had been speciallymobilised the previous evening. Two arrests,which caused a considerable sensation in thetown, were made the same night. News wasalso received from Tralee of a mysteriousmotor car which had taken a wrong 'turning,and dashed over Bailykissane quay into theRiver Laune. The chauffeur escaped, but threepassengers in the car were drowned. Thebodies of two of the passengers were recoveredon Saturday evening, 22nd April, and on themwas found revolvers and ammunition and SinnFein badges. These events were associatedin the public mind with the following an-nouncement, which was made by the PressBureau but not until Monday evening, 24thApril, at 10.25 p.m. :

CAPTURE OF SIR ROGER CASEMENT.The Secretary of the Admiralty announces

During the period between p.m. April20 and p.m. April 21 an attempt to landarms and ammunition in Ireland wasmade by a vessel under the guise of aneutral merchant ship, but in reality aGerman auxiliary, in conjunction with aGerman submarine. The auxiliary sank,and a number of prisoners were made,amongst whom was Sir Roger Casement.

MANOEUVRES CANCELLED.It was known that the Sinn Fein VoLmteers

were to hold Easter manoeuvres, which wereto be taken part in by all the branches of theorganisation in Ireland. These were unex-pectedly cancelled in the following announce-ment signed by Mr. Eoin MacNeill on Satur-day night, 22nd April, and published in theSunday papers the following morning :

"Owing to the very critical position, allorders given to Irish Volunteers for to-morrowEaster Sunday, are hereby rescinded, and no"parades, marches, or other movements ofIrish Volunteers will take place. Each in-dividual Vounteer will obey this oider strictlyin every particular."With this announcement Mr. MacNeill

ceased to take any public part h. v.ie pro-ceedings of the Volunteers.

GERMAN ATTEMPT TO LAND ARMS,On Saturday 22nd April, it was reported

irom Tralee that a collapsible boat with am-

THE STORM BREAKS.On Easter Monday, 24th April, 1916, at

noon, the storm burst in Dublin, and for' thefollowing six days the city and the suburbswere the scene of grave loss of liTe and de-struction of property. The Irish (or SinnFein) Volunteers organised the revolutionand with the Citizen Army, Hibernian Rifles,and other bodies carried it out. The objectof the movement, as stated in a proclamation(printed in full on page 1), issued on the dayof the outbreak, was to "proclaim an IrishRepublic as a Sovereign Independent State "

Preparations for the insurrection had beenactive for months previously ; large quantities ofarms and ammunition wore known to have ar-rived in Dublin, and an unusual activity in

6the way of "bluffing" 'the police had beengoing on. "Let sleeping dogs lie," was thepolicy of the Executive authority, and novisible effort was made to deal with thesituation that was developing in the city.Then came Easter Monday, when the mindsof most people were directed to holiday-mak-ing. No one took more than a passing in-terest in the Sinn Fein Volunteers as theypassed along the streets in twos and threes totheir appointed positions. Twelve o'clock inthe day was the hour fixed for the beginningof the operations, and at that time or shortlyafterwards bodies of armed Sinn Feinersquietly entered the buildings to which theybad been assigned, turned out the occupants,and took possession. Anyone who resistedwas promptly shot. In this way the principalbuildings in the city were captured, and therebels at once set about erecting barricades,and taking precautions against attack.

THE CENTRAL FORTRESS.The General Post Office in Sackville street

proved to be the central fortress of therebels It was here that P. H. Pearse, the" Commandant-in-Chief of the Army of theRepublic and President of the ProvisionalGovernment." made his headquarters andissued his orders. All corner houses com-manding the approaches were garrisoned withsnipers, who were hidden behind sandbags.Kelly's ammunition shop at the corner ofBachelor's Walk, and Hopkins's jewellery shopat the comer of Eden quay, were held in thisway in great strength. Other houses on eachfide of I ewer Sackville street, and particularlythose at the four corners of Abbev street, weregarrisoned in like manner, and then the workof provisioning the various garrisons havingthe Post Office as their centie was activelvproceeded with, every variety of foodstuffsbeing commandeered at the point of thebayonet. \'l the telegraphic wires were cut,thus i^oiai mht the city from the rest of thecountry. The failure of the Vohmteers toHe:?e t lie Telephone Exchange ; r> Crown Allevproved a "rest advantage to the military indealing with the insurgents.

I'he ni'iicef" In 2- at St. Stephen's Oreen Parkvas somewhat similar. .At middav smallgroups of Sinn Fein Vn] nnteers were standingabout the entrance gates, and at a givensignal they quietly walked inside, closed thegates, posted armed guards at them, and thenget about clearing all civilians out of the Park.In half an hour the Park was cleared of non-combatants. The next move of the rebelswas to take possession of a number of housescommanding the approaches, and amongst theolaces occupied were the Royal College ofBurgeons at the corner of York street, andLittle's publicbonse at the corner of Cuffestreet. The houses at other points were notso advantageously situated, but numeroussnipers were placed in them.

ATTEMPT ON DUBLIN CASTLE.Dublin Castle, the headquarters of the Irish

Executive, was attai ked by a handful ofVolunteers, and had any force of Sinn Feinersjoined in the attack they would almost cer-tainly have captured the Castle, as Ultra

were only a few soldiers on duty. A policemanon duty at the Upper Castle Yard was shot incold blood, but the few soldiers came to therescue and the invaders were driven off. Oth-^rbodies of rebels succeeded in taking possessionof buildings overlooking the approaches to *heUpper Castle Yard. In this way the offices clthe Daily Express and Evening Mail wereentered, and the staff were turned out at thapoint of the bayonet. The Citv Hall, therear of which commands the offices of theChief Secretary's Department, the PrisonsBoard, and other Government offices, was alsofilled with snipers.

Simultaneously with these incidents,attempts were made to occupy the railwaytermini in the city. Westland row Stationand Harcourt street Station were early inthe possession of. the rebels, and therails on the Kingstown line weretorn up at Lansdowme road. The Har-court street Station was found unsuitaolefor defence, and was abandoned at tnreeo'clock in the afternoon. Abortive attemptswere made to secure Amiens street Terminus,Kingsbrid'ge Terminus, and BroadstoneTerminus. Where they did not succeedin occupying the stations the rebels ei'-'ierattempted to blow up railway bridges or cutthe lines, and nearly all the train communica-tion with the city was stopped for a week.

WATCHING THE MILITARY.All the points in the city which were

considered of strategical importance Lavingbeen occupied by the rebels, their plans vnefurther developed by the taking possessionof positions controlling the approaches fiommilitary barracks. The Four Courts v c reearly in their hands, and men were restedall over the building to attack troops wh.chmight approach along the quays from thedirection of the I'hcenix Park. The FourCourts Hotel, which adjoins the Courts,was garrisoned. On the bridges over tbe rail-way on the North Circular road and Cabraroad strong barricades were erected. LibertyHall was strongly held by the rebels, but theCustom House was left unmolested. Across theliver-, on the south side, Bolnnd's Mill wasfortified in every possible manner, and con-stituted a stronghold of great strategicalimpoitance. Round by Northumberlandroad. Pembroke road, and Lansdovvne roadprivate houses were occupied and garrisonedto lesist the approach of reinforcements forthe military from the Kingstown direction.

Portobello Bridge, which commands theapproach to the city from the militarybarracks at that place, was the scene of ashort, but severe fight, shortly after middayon Monday. The rebels had taken possession ofDavy's puHichouse, which is close to thebridge and faces the barracks. Their presencewas disclosed at an early stage by an attemptto capture an officer who happened to bepassing over the bridge. He fortunatelyescaped and gave the alarm. A small num-ber of soldiers was turned out at once, butwas unable to dislodge the rebels.Strong reinforcements were sent out, andafter a short and sharp fight the publio-

house was carried, and the military remainedin possession afterwards.

A WORKHOUSE AS FORT.At more remote places in the Southern

suburbs rebels had taken up positions ofdefence, but strong cavalry patrols huntedthem from point to point, and finally dis-persed them, though not until many of thesoldiers had been wounded. The SouthDublin Union in James's street and a dis-tillery in Marrowbone lane were two other|strong points in the Sinn Fein plan. Theiworkhouse was attacked by the military onMonday, and after a stiff fight, during whichmany casualties occurred on both sides, the[remnant of the rebel garrison was driven[into one part of the premises, where theymaintained their struggle until Sunday.I Jacob's Biscuit Factory in Bishopstreet, though it does rot occunvi strategical position of any importance, waafilled with foodstuffs of various ^ascriptions,and probably in this respect it was deemednecessary to instal in it a large garrison, soas to make certain that supplies would beivailable for the rebels ii other places. Ifthis was the idea it never had the slightestglance of succeeding, as the lactory

.was

:arly in the week surrounded by a militaryordon.The foregoing are outlines of the positionm the evening of the first dav>f the rebellion. Several instances ofion combatants being shot by Sinn Feiners,ook place during the day in variousjarts of the city. The most shocking washe shooting down cf several members of theVeterans Corps on Haddington road. Aarge muster of this corps had gone out oni route march to Ticknock, and when theyvere returning in the afternoon to theiripadquarters at Beggar's Bush Barrackahey were ambushed in Haddington road byt bodv of Sinn Feiners. who poured volleysif rifle shots into the ranks of the defencelessVeterans. Five were fatally, and manyrthers seriously, wounded. The rest of theVeterans got to their barracks, where theylad to remain until the following week.

LOOTING.On learning that several of his men had

>een shot by the rebels, the Chief Commis-ioner of the Dublin Metropolitan Policeirdered the withdrawal from the streets ofhe entire uniformed force within an hour orwo of the outbreak. The " underworld

"

>f the city quickly realised their oppor-unity, and first tackled the shops injower Sackville street. The windows weremashed, and hordes of people crowdednto the shops, returning with bundles ofvearing apparel of all descriptions. Nob-ett's, at the corner of Earl street, andjemon's, in Lower Sackville street, wereit-l'js for the younger section of the roughs,vho made merry with boxes of chcolates,weets, etc., all the afternoon. The'" * hersvcre also centres of great activity, thenlaving exhausted Lower Sackville ;. .oi the

crowd swept round into Earl street and Henrystreet, where they found an abundance andvariety that suited every taste. Boys andgirls were swaggering about, dressed in themost fantastic apparel, and all had their armsfull of mechanical and other toys, hockey andgolf sticks, and all kinds of articles used iapopular pastimes.

MILITARY REINFORCEMENTS.All through Monday night the military

were hastily summoning reinforcements fromthe Curraga, Belfast, and England, end onTuesday, April 25, these forces began toarrive in the city. Almost in every ir.stancethe soldiers could only be conveyed ro witimfive or six miles of Dublin owing fo the in-terruption of the railway communications, andthe men had a long and exhausting march,carrying their full equipment, before theyarrived at the barracks to which they hadbeen posted. On the way they were snipedat by Sinn Feiners, and had to be continuallyon the alert to repel attack.Meanwhile the available forces of the Crown

had been engaged all Tuesday morning inconflict with the entrenched rebels, and manyfiercely-contested engagements took place. Atdaybreak troops were posted in houses over-looking St. Stephen's Green Park, and a rak-ing fire was sprayed from machine guns allover the Park, while soldiers picked off everyrebel who showed himself. They still, how-ever, managed to hold the Parkin much reduced numbers. Anotherbody of troops surrounded Cork Hill,and a fierce struggle took place for thepossession of the' Daihi Express building.Artillery was brought ink, play, and preparedthe way for a charge. This was carried outin crallant style by a detachment of the 5thRoyal Dublin Fusiliers, under Second Lieu-tenant F. O'Neill, a terrible fight taking plapeon the only staircase leading to the upperrooms. Many casualties took place at (hisstage. The military ultimately carried theposition, and either killed or captured thegarrison.

ARTILLERY AT WORK.Later on iues>uay the positions occupied

near Phibsborougn were attacked. The barri-cades erected at the railway bridges on theNorth Circular and Cabra ro;.ds weredestroyed by gun fire, about forty casualtiesbeing reported and one hundred prisoners se-cured. These operations resulted in thewhole of the North Circular road being in thehands of the military ; the Sinn Feiners whoescaped it ran for shelter in the directionof Glasnevin Cemetery. The military net wasthen drawn closer on the city from the Northside, but no attempt was r ade that day toattack the rebels in their central "fortresses."More looting took place in the streets in

the vicinity of Nelson's Pillar. Messrs. Law-rence's large photographic and toy emporiumin Upper Sackville street was one of the prin-cipal places cleared. The crowd of lootershad matters all their own way for hours,and revelled in the destruction of the pro*

10

perty. Some exciting scenes were -witnessedwhen the fireworks were brought out and ex-ploded. Rockets ruhed up in the air andburst with a sound like a cannon, and all thesmaller sorts of fireworks were thrown whiz-zing about amongst the crowd. Finally thepremises were set on fire and burned to iaeground.

MARTIAL LAW PROCLAIMED.Martial Law was proclaimed in Dublin City

and County on Tuesday night, 25th April.On Wednesday, 26th, the position ofaffairs was worse than before. The SinnFeiners had been driven to the wall, and werefighting witli desperation. More troops, withartillery, were continually arriving in the city,and after a short rest they were brought into'action, but they had to fight for every foot ofground they gained. For the most part it wasan unseen foe with whom they had to contend.At eight o'clock on Wednesday morning theAdmiralty steamer Helga came up the Liffey,and bombarded Liberty Hall, the headquartersof the Citizen Army. Owing to the LoopLine Bridge intervening between the ship andLiberty Hall direct firing could not bebrought to bear upon the building. The ship'sgunners, however, dropped shells on the hall,the roof and interior of which were destroyedby bursting shells, but the outer shell of thehouse was not much injured by fire. Thogarrison escaped before the bombardment com-menced. Artillery brought from TrinityCollege into Tara street also shelled LibertyHall.By the afternoon of Wednesday the military

were in possession of Brunswick street, andnil the district between that thoroughfare andthe river and right up to D'Oiier street. Sen-tries were placed at the entrance of a laneleading from D'Oiier street to the TheatreRoyal. The soldier.-- had not bee) 1, long therebefure one of the snipers in Kelly's shop atthe corner of Bachelor's Walk shot one ofthem dead. The military then brought a nine-pounder ffiw into position at Trinity College,fanner D'Oiier street. and bombardedKelly's comer. The appearance of artilleryand the bombardment greatly alarmed thepeople who reside in the immediate vicinity.Kelly's shop was riddled with shot, and thegarrison had to evacuate the position. Onepeculiar effect of the gunfire was noticedafterwards. A shell struck an electric lightstandard at the corner, and bored a hole cleanthrough the metal without bringing downflie standard. Looting continued in the backstreets all Wednesday, and in the eveningEeveral houses were set on fire.

THE GREAT CONFLAGRATION.Bad as the previous day had been, the

crisis reached its climax on Thursday andFriday. Artillery was brought into play atevery point, and the air reverberated withnerve-wracking explosives. All day long thebombardment continued unceasingly, and eachnight the centre of the city was illuminatedwith great, conflagrations. The Hotel Metro-pole and all that block of buildings for a longdistance into Middle . Abbey street were

burned down, including the Freeman's Jour-nal a d Evening Telegraph offices, Messrs.Easons, Messrs. Manfields, and Messrs. Thorn'sprinting establishment. Then the GeneralPost 0ffic3 was given to the flames, and wasdestroyedonly the bare walls of this finebuilding remain. This particular fire ex-tended down Henry street as far as the Urgewarehouse of Messrs. Arnott and Co., whichremained intact, but was flooded with water.The Coliseum Theatre was also destroyed.On the opposite side of Sackville street all

the shops were burned down from Hop-kins's corner at O'Connell Bridge right up tothe Tramway Company's offices at Cathedralstreet. The fire extended backwards, and en-veloped and destroyed almost all the housesbetween Eden quay and Lower Abbey street,down to Marlborough street. These includedthe premises of the Royal Hbernian Aca->demy, with its valuable collection of pictures,and the offices of the Irish Cyclist, while enthe opposite side of Lower Abbpy street thebranch of the Hibernian Bank, Mooney'gpublichouse, "the Ship" publichouse, and UnionChapel were consumed in the flames. Roundin Sackville street the scarred skeletons ofthe D.B.C. restaurant and Clery's Warehouseremained like sentinels in the midst of a sceneof desolation that beggars description. Theonly bit of Lower Sackville street left is theblock of shops from EIvry's Elephant Houseto O'Connell Bridge on the right-hand sidelooking from the Piltar. The two cornerhouses on this block, however, Were seriouslydamaged, the one bv artillery and the other(occupied bv the Y.M.C-A. as a soldiers'supper room), by. fire.The whole of Sackville street, from the

Pillnr to O'Connell Bridge, was thickly strewnwith debri*.The world famous O'Connell Statue is but

litt'e iniured. Several of the figures have beenpitted with bullets, and the figure of theLiberator served as a billet for many bullets,one of them drilling a hole just over the rightside.

-

COLUPSE F TUP REBELLION.On Saturday 29th April, P. H. Pearse. of

St. Enda's College, Rathfarnham. one of theleaders of the rebels, who had been describedas the 'President" of 'he Irish Republic,surrendered on their behalf to General Loweat the Headquarters of the Military Commandat Parkgate.

UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER.The following is a copy of the document

signed by Pearse :

In order to prevent further slaughterof unarmed people and in the hope ofsaving the lives of our followers, now sur-rounded and hopelessly outnumbered,members of the Provisional Governmentat present at headquarters have agreedto unconditional surrender, and the com-manders of all units of the republicanforces will order their followers to laydown their arms.

(Signed) P. H. Pkarsb.29th day of April, 1916. ...

nI agree to these conditions for the menorilv under my own command in theMoore street district, and for the men inthe Stephen's Green Command.

April 29th, 19] 6. James Connolly.On consultation with Commandant

Cennnt and other officers, I have decidedto agree to unconditional surrender also.

Thomas MacDonagh.CEASE FiRE.

It was close on 4 o'clock on Saturday, Anril29th, when unexpectedly the order was givento the troops in the centre of tht city to ceasehre, and shortly afterwards it was Officiallyannounced that the rebel forces who held theGeneral Post Office h~J decided to surrenderunconditionally. What the "'cease fire" im-parted had been interpreted differently bydifferent people and there was a general feel-ing of uncertainty on the point until the offi-cial statement lifted the matter out of theregion of conjecture.

Courtsmartial were constituted. and thetrials of the prisoners were proceeded withdaily, until the principals had been sentenced,some to death, others to varying periods ofpenal servitude or imprisonment, while alarge number of persons were arrested anddeported to England.Those who were sentenced to long terms

)f imprisonment and penal servitude were ul-timately set free by the Governmentgranting a general amnesty in June, 1917 (seepage 277), in preparation for the assemblingof a Convention of Irishmen to devise a newconstitution for the country.

A SCENE OF DESOLATION.The revolution having enaed, the

streets in the central parts oE thecity on Monday became comparativelysafe during daylight, the citizens displayedgreat anxiety to see for themselves some of thedamage that had been done. Residents outsidethe military cordon on the North side of thecity wfre rigorously excluded from passingthrough, and on the South side a similar re-striction, but not quite so strict, was : n force.Those who lived within the cordon " ere in noway hindered from moving about and view-ing the wreck of their on'-e fine city.Tin spectators appeared as if spell-bound when thev came into view ofSackville street, Here ana there a cloud olsmoke rose from a smouldering ruin. Only afew blackened walls remained of the wholerange of business houses on one side of the^street between Nelson's Pillar and O'ConnellBridge. On the other side of the streetonly the walls of the General Post Office re-mained, the Hotel Metropole was gone, and allthe other business places from that pointdown to Elvery's Elephant House were de-stroyed.

CITY AGAIN NORMAL.By Wednesday, 3rd May, there were in-

dications in almost every districtthat Dublin was returning to itsnormal condition. Shopa and officeswere opened in every street, andbusiness seemed to be proceeding in theosual way. Except at a few points where*' snipers 5 ' and suspected peisons were sup-

posed to be concealed in private housesthere were very few soldiers on the streets,which were once more under the control ofthe Metropolitan Police. There were wel-come signs of an improved condition of lifemi Dublin, and of returning activity in the"arious departments of business and com-merce. Tram and train services were graduallyextended, and the authorities urged employe*and workers in all occupations to return towork.

THE SEIZURE OF THE GENERAL POSTOFFICE.

It was just at noon on Easter Monday, whenSackville street presented the normalBank Holiday appearance, with closedshops and a sprinkling of people walk-ing along the footways, a partyof armed men, some in uniformand some in mufti, came alongat a brisk pace up Lower Abbey street, andwheeled to the right. When they arrivedopposite the front entrance to the Post Officethe order to halt was given. andthe party, numbering at that timeabout sixty, rushed into the publicoffice They shouted wildly, and firedabout twenty levolver shots, without hittinganyone. They ordered the clerks in thedifferent departments all round to put uptheir hands, and leave the place with allpossible haste. Among those who had tosubmit to the " hands up" order was a finespecimen of the Dublin Metropolitan Policewho was on duty. The invaders jumpedover the counters, and took possession of thewhole place. Some of the clerks were notallowed time even to take their hats andtheir coats, and as they were pushed aboutthey were told that they ought tobe thankful to be allowed to escapewith their lives. There were atthat time about twenty or thirty membersof the general public in the office, engagedin purchasing stamps, writing letters at thecentre tables, or transacting some otherbusiness such- as is of daily occurrence.These people were simply dumbfounded atwhat they saw and heard, and, in fact, werevery much frightened, indeed, by the re-volver firing. They naturally left the placeas quickly as they could. The public officeson the ground floor having been in thisunceremonious way taken possession of by theVolunteers, and an armed sentry placed atthe door to exclude the public, a party pro-ceeded throughout the building, and tookpossession of the sorting rooms, parcels rooms,telegraph and telephones.

TELEGRAPH WIRES CUT.The staffs in these departments surrendered

at discretion, and gave place to therebels. They could do nothing else. Thetelegraph cables to England and Scotlandwere cut at 12.20, so that Ireland was com-pletely cut off from communicationwith Great Britain. Everything inthe place was turned topsy-turvy.Not a whole pane of glass was left in any ofthe windows on the ground floor from the

12

Henry street side round to Prince's street. Upagainst these glassless windows chairs, stools,mail sacks, etc., were piled in the form of *rough and ready barricade. The noise ofthe glass falling upon the pavement attractedthe attention of the people in the street, whoat first could not understand the apparentlywanton destruction of property. But theywere quicklj given to understand that seriousbusiness war afoot, for a volley of rifleshot* fired through the vacant windowssent the hitherto listless pedestrians scamper-ing at full speed in all directions. " Lordsave us," cried a few old women as theyhurried away from the scene, " it's theCitizen Army, and they have taken tha PostOffice." And so the first act in this latestof Irish rebellions was performed.Meanwhile other parties of the revolu-

tionists were not idle, for the noise offusillading was heard from other parts of thecity, notably from Dublin Castle. Excite-ment grew intense, and women and childrenwho were out for the holiday found them-selves cut off from the means of getting totheir homes. The tramcar service was sus-pended at one o'clock, and all the cars weresent to their depots. One large car was per-force kept at tfee entrance to NorthEarl street as a sort of streetbarricade. Al1 the public-houses withina certain distance of the Post Office wereclosed, and trembling spectators gathered on0"Connell Bridge and at the corners of West-morel?"-1 street and D'Olier street, expectingevery moment to see the military coming^rom one direction or another

LANCERS ATTACKED.Shortly after the trouble began a troop

of lancers came along from the direction ofthe North Wall, escorting four or fivewaggons of munitions which were being con-veyed to the magazine in the Phosuix Park.They crossed from the Eden quay side ofSackville street, and passed up Bachelor'sWalk, knowing nothing of what was happen-ing in the neighbourhood. A number of themsubsequently returned to the city.and came into Sackvdje street from thenorth end. As soon as they got in front ofthe Post Office they were met with a volleyfrom the oc-cupanos of that building. n.eghots came for the most pai L from men huhad got on the roof, from which vosaionthey had a great advantage ovesthe lancers. Four of the latter wereshot, and the horse of one of themfell dead on the street. The dead bodiesof these men were taken to Jervis streethospital. The Lancers withdrew to *,n&Parnell Monument, where they remainedfor a short while before return-ing to barracks. Early in the pro-ceedings a party of the Volunteers turnedinto Abbey street, and, i-aving smashedseveral large shop windows, entered ( e ShipHotel, and "took" that, too. Armed menposted themselves in he upper windows, butthev relinquished that position in the courseof the afternoon. J he j-uroe meantime hadwilhdiawn to their several stations.

SHOPS LOOTED.Shop windows in North Earl street were

smashed, and the shops* were looted.Noblett's sweet shop at the corner, and thatof Lewers and Co., next to it inSackville street, were sacked, andyoungsters, male and female, mignt bis seencarrying bundles- of sweets, jr caps and hats,or shirts, of which those shops weru despoiled.There was no o*ne to prevent them from help-ing themselves as they listed. A publichousein North Earl street was looted, and whenthe looters had partaken of the ardent spiritssome of them beat each other with thebottles so violently that they were underthe necessity of having their wounds dressed.in hospital. Another of the shops thatsuffered was that of Messrs. Al. Kelly andSon, gunsmiths and gunpowder merchants, atthe corner of Bachelor's Walk and baekvillestreet. The looters t~ok away with themsuch ammunition as they could lay theirhands on A couple of motor cars werestopped as they were passing the Post Office,and the occupants had to leave them in pos-session of the rebels. One of the victimsof this high handed procedure- was Jud

13

Amongst the premises in the immediate%icinity of the Post Office which were occupiedby the rebels on Monday night was M'Dowell'sjewellery shop, which adjoins the Post Officeon the Henry street side, and commands theapproach from Moore street. On every side,indeed, the approaches were under strictguard, and anyone who ventured too close tothe G.P.O. soon realised the danger.

MACHINE GUNS ON TRINITY.

On Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday thefight for the Post Office was carried on bythe military with the greatest vigour.Machine-guns were placed on Trinity College,and from this point gasts of fire sweptthrough Westmoreland and Sackville streetswhenever any of the rebels attempted tocrosi: the thoroughfare. The military alsodrew gradually nearer and nearer throughthe ride streets, and formed a circle of steelthrough which no rebel had a chance ofescape. The circle was slowly contracteduntil a point lad been readied when a fur-ther forward movement roust be a charge.Ihe authorities brought artillery andtnachine-guns into action, and liberallyI sprayed " all the positions held by therebels on each side of the street.Thus the fight went on day and night. On

Thursday night a heavy bombardment wasdirected against Messrs. Hopkins' establish-ment, which was full of Sinn Feiners.When the house was being brought downibout them, as many of the rebels as couldscape fled in the direction of the 1'ost Office,only to meet their deaths in the streets.Fire then added its terrors to the awfulscene, and in a short time the whole blocliDf buildings from Hopkins' corner up tofewer Abbey street was like a furnace. On-ward the fire swept, one house after anothernve'oped. The flames leapt and curledfeross [.over Abbey street, and soon theHibernian Bunk Branch and the adjoin-ng houses were aho burning. The glare)f light made the Post Office and the HotelMetropole on the opposite side of thestreet, appear as if they had been illuminatedn honour of some festive occasion. W.hen31ery's premises and the Imperial Hotel fellvictims, great sheets of fire rushedligh in the air, and it seemed as iffhe whole centre of the city was doomedio destruction. All the houses up to Earl/treet were soon in flames, which again crossed.he street and set fire to Tyler's boot ware-louse. The great gap which had been created>y he previous fire at Messrs. Lawrence'sitores was an effective check to the furtherJrogress of the process of destruction, and theire finally burnt itself out there.

BURNED OUT.

On Friday, 28th, the battle with theebels entrenched in the General Post Officelontinned with unabated violence. All davong they were shelled with artillery andSdaxim guns, and in the evening the whole

place went on fire. This fire was, if possible,even more destructive than the one of the pre-vious night. The whole building, except theporch, was quickly consumed by the flasies,which spread in all directions, enveloping theHotel Metropole, Messrs. Eason's, and thentire block of adjacent buildings. When day-light broke the scene was one of utter desol'a-tion. The palatial buildings which formerlyadorned the principal streets in Dublin weralying in ruins, nothing but a naked wall beingleft standing at short intervals.

OFFICER'S EXTRAORDINARY EXPERIENCEINSIDE THE G.P.O.

A series of extraordinary experiences andescapes fell to the iot of Second LieutenantA. D. Chalmers, 14th Royal Fusiliers, whowas kept a prisoner in the General PostOffice from Easter Monday to the followingFriday, when according to a statement hemade to a Pressman afterwards, he was giventhe choice of being shot immediately orrunning the gauntlet of soldiers' fire to drawit off the escaping rebels.He was going into the Post Office at noon

on Easter Monday when he noticed abouta party of Sinn Feiners coming up Sack-ville street, and remarked to a friend: "Justlook at that awful crowd; they must be ona route march." Three minutes afterwardsa voice outside the Post Office shouted"Charge!" and a crowd of rebels rushed in.One of them presented a bayonet at hisbreast, and the other prodded" him in theback with a pike, a weapon favoured bvmany of the rebels. Lieutenant Chalmers,who was in Dublin on sick leave, was un-armed. After being searched for arms, thelieutenant was bound with wire obtainedfrom the telephone box and put into thebox, which faced Nelson Pillar. B v thistime the public had scattered, and theofficials, including some from other Bootshad been marched out of the office withtheir hands above their heads. Then therewas a rush for the windows, which therebels smashed with th*1 butt-ends of theirrifles and pikes. It was when the troop' nfLancers charged that Lieutenant Chalmershad his first narrow escape from bulletswhich went through the telephone box.After being

_

confined in the box for threehours, the lieutenant was taken to the firstfloor. The O'Rahilly, a captain, said: "Iwant this officer to watch the safe to seethat nothing is touched. You will see thatno harm comes to him." Shortly afterwardstwo guards came down and conducted himto

_ the staff diningroom on the top of thebuilding for a meal. At night he was takento a room overlooking the Metropole Hotel.There was no bedding whatever, and twoguards kept the door with fixed bayonetsso that there was no sleep. On Tuesday'Wednesday, and Thursday there was muchfiring, and the rebels were running aboutall ever the place. On Friday morninrr theroof of the Post Office caught fire, probablyfrom shells. Downstairs" the rebels 'had

11

everything combustible smashed up ready tostart a fire, and the cellars were packed withexplosives. Bullets were then coming inlothe room where Second Lieutenant Chalmers,Second Lieutenant King, R.LF. ; LieutenantMahonv, LA. M.S., and other captives, tothe number of sixteen, were imprisoned.Prisoners bad been taken in as occasionoffered

TUNNEL BLASTED BY DYNAMITE.They crouched under a table, as the roof

was falling in, and part of an inside wallhad collapsed. During the week the rebelshad made a tunnel from the Post Office topremises in Henry street, and it wasthrough this that many of them escapedtemporarily. The tunnel had beenblasted by dynamite. Among therebels were engineers, electricians, andexperts of all kinds, including a

man who was said to have come from Berlin.He was an expert in regard to explosives, andremarked that he would never return to civillife knowing as much as he did about theinsurrection business. On Friday, 28th April,the prisoners were taken to a basement right

below the building. Here were stores of

celi^nite, cordite, gun cotton, and

dynamitestacks of it. Men came down tothe basement calling for bombs.

A TERRIBLE TRAP.Tht cellar was barricaded with boxes, and

a light turned on to one of theserevealed

packages of gelignite. Bombs with fusesset were placed round the cellar by the

rebels who then left the prisoners in it. Inthis terrible plight the prisoners

decided

not to die like rats in atrap if they could

help it Thev were saved from a horrible

death by a rebel and a lieutenant. In re-

sponse to the calls of the prisonersthe

lieutenant said: "It's all rightboys and

took them up again into the burning build-

in- and out into the yard atthe back.

Their next move was through acorridor into

a room at the back of thePost 03.ee. where

,; "ereput under the charge of a woman

in male attire, who flourisheda

big loaded revolver.

HUMAN BULLET SCREEN.A little later the prisoners were led

loHenrv place, to be used by the rebels as a

KUcn to Eacil.tate their escape. Lieutenant

Chalmers was placed at the head of the line

of prisoners, and on his lefthand

was a private of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers.

l>ointine a Mauser pistol at the Lieutenant

one of The rebels told him to run or hewould

fire About 150 vards away were the troops

w lh a machine 'Run, and they were Unrig

down a lane Lieutenant i aalroers started tobu1 had no! got ten yards before he

hot in the thigh, and the DublinHer througfi the head By a rush

n f the prisoners pn I essfully the

en I of the lane down which the troops firedII, . mai hin i \ un, and b >in> called upon by

Pebe|8 to top -l irted down an alley wayU, in li left, only to find them-

selves charging a British machine gun.Bullets spattered around them, but by amiracle they escaped injury, and jumped a-parapet a yard high. Running round yetanother passage, they found themselves in acourt yard at the "back of Lipton's store,where Lieutenant Chalmer's collapsed from hisnerve- wracking experiences. He was carriedon the back of a sergeant of the R.l.R. intothe cellar. The whole building bad Lfnburned out. Even then the trials of the Lieu-tenant, the sergeant, and three privateswere not passed. They spent thenight in the cellar. Next morn-ing fighting was resumed close besidethem. Through the cellar grating they saw a>sniper on the roof of the building opposite,and inside was a man grinding bayonets, workwhich he kept up all day. Towards eveningthe machine-gun fire i ecame very hot, and U.ebullets wp>-p falling all around. The prisonerscrawled out of the cellar into a van standingin the yard. About 6.30 p.m. there was acall for any more rebels who wanted to sur-render, and the sergeant jumped out of thevan to discover a corporal and two soldierswith fixed bayonets. By th.at time the cap-tives had been without food or drink fortwenty-iour hours

BOMB'S PREMATURE EXPLOSION.Many interesting and valuable observations

were made, by Lieutenant Chalmers durin

15

(XTce, and rendered good service. Connolly'sleg wound was dressed by Lieutenant Mahony,who accompanied him along the tunnelblasted by the Sinn Feiners.

GIRLS IN THE G.P.O.

Tn the making of the barricade at the headof Prince's street the most extraordinaryarticles were utilised, including cauliflowersand milk cans, and a brand new green motorcar taken from the Post Office. The girls serv-ing in the diningroom at the Post Office weredressed in the finest clothes, and wore knivesand pistols in their belts They also worewhite, green, and orange sashes.Bank notes, postal orders, and other securi-

ties of value were handed over to ThomasClarke, one of the members of the Provi-sional Government, in the diningroom onEaster Monday. Lieut. Chalmers is assured onthat point, as he heard all the conversation.It was stated that the money was to be distri-bute^ among the relatives and dependents ofthe S.'nn Feiners who fell in the fight. Oneof the rebels offered the Lieutenant apostal order, remarking "Here's your pay,"but this was a pleasantry, as at that timeLieutenant Chalmers was bcund.

SOLDIERS FIVE DAYS WITHOUT FOOD.

On Wednesday, 3rd May, more was heard ofthe soldiers who had been hostages. Mr. F. R.Ridgeway, managing director of Bewley,Sons, and Co., Henry street, discovered thatthere were two soldiers alive in the ruins ofthe Coliseum Theatre. It was not long beforethey were released, when it was found thatthev were Sergeant Henry, of the School ofMusketry, Dollvmount Camp, and formerlyof the Royal Irish Constabulary, and PrivateJames Doyle, of the Royal Irish Regiment.Both were unwounded. hnt weak from wantof food, having had nothing to eat sinceFriday. How did thev come to be

_

in the

Coliseum? Being of the party imprisoned inthe Post Office, when sent forth they hadsought refuge in the theatre, and there theystayed unaware of the fact that the fighting

about the place had ceased.

ATTEMPT TO BLOW UP NELSON PILLAROne of the many daring schemes of the

rebels which failed was an attempt to blowup the Nelson Pillar in SaeUville street. An eye-witness of the effort stateg &hat he was pro-ceeding to the south side of the city from $feenorth on Tuesday morning, 25th April, at 7a.m. On reaching the foot of Rutland squarebe saw an armed rebel driving the spectatorsop Sackville street and into Great Britainstreet. At this corner the crowd lingered,and the rebel ordered the people to " get outof the firing line," and addai with a dramaticwhirl of his bayonet-^

'The Nelson Pillar is about to be b&rwj;ttp with bombs."-

Taking cover behind the Parnell Monumentthe eye-witness awaited developments,and pre-cisely at 7.10 a.m. there was a loud explosion,followed by a cloud of smoke, which roseclose to the north side of the Pillar. Themonument, however, did not show any signsof collapse, and although this explosion wasfollowed by three others within ten minutes,the Pillar did not even quiver. No furtherefforts were then made at the destruction ofthe monument, and at 7.30 the spectatorswere again permitted to pass by the Pillar.

THE ATTACK ON DUBLIN CASTLE.The attempt to enter Dublin Castle was one

of the most exciting incidents of the uprising.About ten minutes past 12 noon on Mondaya small party of Volunteers, with twr>young women in the rear, marched up CorkHill towards the gates of the Upper CastloYard. They were fully equipped, as if fora long adventure. They reached the Castle en-trance, which was open, and guarded onl?by a policeman and a sentry. When thepoliceman saw they were going to enter theCastle Yard, he moved quickly in front ofthem, and raised his hand as a sign that thevcould not come in. But the Volunteers weredetermined, and did not turn back. Thevremained where they were for a few briefseconds, facing the constable. Then occurredthe deed that revealed the daring object ofthe Volunteers. One of their number, stand-ing out in front of the policeman, levelledhis rifle at him, and before the unhappv manronld dra.w his revolver, fired riinf M >"'The constable stood a second or two. to f;>llprone and lie motionless on the ground. Atthe same time other shots were fired bv theattackers at the sentry inside the railingsand at the guardroom to the right. Out fmnathe path sprang the sold ; r with Ms n'fl,, a (;the ready and bavonet fi\-ed. He did notcome to close quarters with the rebels. Theiron gates were quickly closed, and the Volun-teers' attempt to "seize" the rpetlp t'-'iiedat the point. That they intended to do asmuch harm as possible was anna rent, fop rwaof them carried a tin cannister, evidentlymade up as a bomb, and he threw it acrossthe railings at the guardroom. His aim wasgood, the bomb bad. It broke the window,but did not explode. All this happened in abrief time. The few spectators did not afefirst realise what the affair meant. It seemed!as though a mere act of bravado on th$"Volunteers' part in endeavouring to march'tbrough the^ Upper Castle Yard, had endedin the shooting down of a policemannot thefirst to fall thus around Dublin Castle. Thajend,' however, was not yet.

CITY HALL AND NEWSPAPER CFMCESEIZED.

Scattering at the Castle entrance, the Volun^teersof whom there were not more than 13> the outsetran down Cork Hill. Four oi"five til them viynt into the office of the DaihfExpress at the corner of Parliament streefc

16

and Cork Hill. They ordered the merr-ersM the newspaper staff to leave the house, Midone presented a bayonet at a man who tookthem too coollv for their lining. In a Hw-linutes the Volunteers were in possession

17

till some time after the rebellion was over thegas supply was turned off, and our stove .pasuseless in consequence. The Supper Roomand anteroom were heated by hot pipes ; the.'ewere no fires, and so all the water for tea andcocoa for the fifty men had to be carriedthrough St Patrick's Hall to the fire at thetop of the main staircase. Even here troublesdid not end, as it was a common occurrenceto go back to find your saucepan boilingfinelybut with somebody's instruments steri-lising in itand your kettle empty, havingbeen used to fill hot jars for a newarrival

!

A STREAM OF AMBULANCES."Numbers of the troops came to the Supper

Room kitchen for a wash and brush up,amongst them some we had seen march out,soon after dawn, with fixed bayonets. Fromthe windows we could see a constant streamof ambulances and stretchers going in and outof the Yardthe dead had their facescovered In the evening we watched themen in the Yard bombing the office of JiaEvening Mail. The noise was terrific, buteventually the building vvas successfullystormed. From then on, we were consideredcomparatively safe." Wednesday in our quarters was heavy

with regular routine, but rather uneventful.In the evening, as 1 came downstairs aprocession of policemen with bared headspassed down tin corridorit was the police-man's funeral

"The officers' uresding-room was turned intoa 'dressing station,' where slight injuries \ve:eattended to : over two hundred and fifty riseswere treated here. As the room was fittedwith basins, several of us had to spend allspare moments there washing bandages andmackintoshes, which, needless to say, werenever-ending. It had been given outthat any nurse who had the chance might sitdown, so I used to pull a chair over to thebasin and scrub away.

THE FUNERALS." The windows overlook the Castle garden,

where all day about twenty men were digginggraves. The nearest were for officers, eachmade separately ; then two large graves forTommies and civilians, and Sinn Feiners.There were over seventy buried in the gar-den : most of them were removed when therebellion was over. Only a very limited num-ber of coffins could be obtained : most of thebodies wei*e buried sewn into sheets. Thefunerals took place each evening after dark.Towards the end of the week the dead wereso many they were brought in coveredcarts instead of ambulances. I saw a cartopen onceabout fifteen bodies, one on topof the other. It took time to carry themround to the mortuary, and sometimes aa one

,

passed two or three bodies would be lying nearthe side door, dressed in khaki, but so still,bo stiff, the hands so blue, and the facescovered. It is difficult to remember which day

. armoured motor cars made their first appear-

ance, but by Friday the sight of them rushin*in and out was quite familiar. It is also im-possible to state chronologically the arrivalof Sinn Fein prisoners. The only batch Iclearly remember were fifteen or sixteen re-spectable-looking men brought from the FourCourts the Tuesday morning after the surren-der.

"On Saturday there was actually a pausein the afternoon, so I seated myself in frontof the fire to make toast for the men's te>vOne of the men relieved me before long, andmade enough for the whole landing. It was atreat ! It seemed years, not days, sin.'ewe had seen anything so civilised.Teas were being brought, and high good-humour prevailed over the toast, when somaone hurled herself in with : ' The Rebels havesurrendered unconditionally ! ' We coal*hardly believe our ears ; it seemed much toowonderful to be true. The news was followedby a damper : ' Thirty new nurses havearrivedwhat are they to eat? I should,rather do twice as much again than haverations cut down any further.' We echoedthe sentiment. It did not occur to us, thatonce surrender was official, we should be ableto get plenty of food. A new nurse and twoV.A.D.'s were sent to the Throne Room;other wards received similar reinforcements,and we had the amusing and unexpected ex-perience of tumbling over each other.

JAMES CONNOLLY IN THE HOSPITAL." The arrival of James Connolly caused an

unusual stir. From the window I could seehim lying on the stretcher, his hands crossed,his head hidden from view by the archway.The stretcher was on the ground, and ateither side stood three of his officers, dressedin the Volunteer uniform ; a guard cfabout thirty soldiers stood around. The sce:iodid not change for ten minutes or more ; th.jywere arranging wht e he should be brought,and a small ward