Irfan Yousuf, Director (CDM) Alternative Energy ... 2 - 8. Pakistan NAMA on...Islamabad Capital...
Transcript of Irfan Yousuf, Director (CDM) Alternative Energy ... 2 - 8. Pakistan NAMA on...Islamabad Capital...
Wind: 2,500 MW in pipeline and abundant potential for development
Solar: Extremely rich in solar resources
Hydro
Small 3,000 MW (Approx.)
Bagasse Cogeneration: 2,000 MW (Approx.)
Waste to Energy: 1,000 MW (Approx.)
Geothermal Studies underway
Alternative Fuels Potential being determined
• Initial macro level resource maps for wind and solar developed by NREL (USA).
• Resource mapping and spatial planning of solar , wind and biomass energy resources has been initiated with the support of the World Bank and ESMAP’s Renewable Energy Resource Mapping Initiative.
Generation of wastes is increasing due to: – growing urbanisation & – changes in life style
Solid Waste Production in Pakistan ~1.6 billion metric tons per year / ranges between 0.283 to 0.612 kg/capita/day; growth rate 2.4% per year.
A lot of money is used managing this waste – Asian countries spent ~US$25 billion per year in early 1990s – expected to rise to ~US$50 billion by 2025
Threat to our already degraded environment
Advances in biotechnology, genetics, chemistry & engineering – new manufacturing concepts – converting waste materials to valuable fuels & biomaterials
Large amount of waste materials produced from various sectors of Pakistan
– industrial sectors – agricultural sectors
These materials are a source of: – environmental pollution – water pollution – different diseases
These materials are: – rich in various elements including carbon & nitrogen – can be used as substrate for microbial growth – production of useful metabolic products
Thus, these waste materials can be a good source for production of bioenergy & biomaterials
– their use can address several societal needs – will lead to a new manufacturing paradigm
Three general categories of solid waste in Pakistan: – biodegradable e.g. food & animal wastes, leaves, grass & wood
– non-biodegradable e.g., plastic, rubber, textile waste, metals, stones
– recyclable material e.g., paper, card board, and bones
Waste Materials
Wood Processing Industry
Hotels & Restaurants
Beverage Industry
Food Industry
Meat Industry
Leather Industry
Sugar Mills
Household Agriculture
Units
Figure. Various sources of waste materials from Pakistan.
Generation of Municipal Solid Waste
Waste is Collected by
Municipalities
Waste disposed in unmanaged
dumpsite Creation of Public and Environmental Health Nuisance Water pollution Spread of disease Greenhouse Gas
Emission Odor Nuisance Air pollution from
burning garbage
Only 60% of the SW is collected by the Municipalities, remaining is dumped into drains, rivers and open spaces
Waste Materials
Bioethanol
Biogas
Biofertilizer
Enzymes
Antibiotics
Biologically active
compounds
Bacterial cellulose
Bacterial Polysacch
arides
Figure. Various products that can be produced from waste materials from Pakistan.
More than 50,000 metric tons of municipal solid wastes produced every day in Pakistan, which can be converted to electricity.
The local sugar industry can produce 300 MW of renewable energy by using molasses to make biogas for generation plants, and can be replaced with Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF).
In cement industry, costly imported coal can be replaced with Refuse Derived Fuel.
Thousands of tons of cow dung in major villages can produce gas or generate electricity.
Undertaking these initiatives can facilitate in mitigating GHG emissions from BM/W2E Sector
On UNFCCC Agenda since negotiations in Bali 2007 ◦ Objective: Scale up mitigation activities
Key Elements ◦ Developing countries undertake mitigation actions Country Ownership Voluntary actions Embedded in National Sustainable Development Priorities
◦ Wide Range of activities: Investments, Policies, Capacity Building
◦ Accountability – Monitoring, Reporting and Verification Copenhagen Accord pledges name different activities of
development countries as NAMAs
11
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Nat. emission
intensity targets
Supported NAMA
National emission targets
NAMA Typologies
credited NAMA
Unilateral NAMAs
NAMA Oppurtunity Areas for Pakistan
Sectoral / national NAMA
Policies and actions
Benefits of undertaking NAMAs NAMAs: contribute to national sustainable economic & human
development goals & poverty reduction efforts can help addressing barriers in developing AREs can be used to access the Green Climate Fund and other
financial sources (domestic, bilateral, private) attract foreign direct investment into key sectors provide incentives for home-grown technology
innovation, deployment & transfer promote local economic development, contribute to
energy security, & enhance industrial efficiency
Harnessing Municipal Waste of big Cities of Pakistan to Generate Electricity
◦ Managing Efficient disposal of municipal waste thereby improving & conserving environmental and ecological conditions
◦ Converting waste to energy to generate large capacity of electricity
◦ Contributing towards improving electricity supply – demand situation
◦ Strengthening grid by generating electricity near load centers
◦ Making cities self sufficient in meeting electricity needs of their residents
◦ Reducing emission of greenhouse gases of approximately 2 million tCO2 annually
◦ Contribution towards improved and sustainable economy by providing relatively cheaper electricity
Economic/financial barriers: ◦ Relative Expensive ARE equipment. ◦ Financing ARE equipment/projects ◦ Large investment for planning and designing power evacuation
system. ◦ Cost of extending / strengthening National Grid for power off-take
Hidden costs: ◦ Import of required Expertise and Skills for developing AREs ◦ Lack of technology know-how. ◦ Lack of Industrial Manufacturing Support
Market failures: ◦ Nascent ARE market ◦ Best Practices are Evolving ◦ Market Research & Development is Meagre
Behavioural and organizational barriers: ◦ Lack of Expertise and Knowledge of the technology in electricity
transmission & distribution companies. ◦ Slow Planning, Development and Processing ◦ Undue Risk Perceptions ◦ Lesser human resource capacity and strength
Information barriers: ◦ Lack of Awareness regarding latest technologies, techniques
and trends ◦ No or less Access to Literature related to Best Industrial
Solutions and Practices
Political and structural barriers: ◦ Lesser support from government departments
Insufficient Grid Capacity and Coverage
Absence of Long Term Planning
Lack of Experience amongst decision makers
Insufficient Grid Capacity and Coverage
The policy and regulatory regime currently exist in the country includes: ◦ Section 11 of the Pakistan Environmental Project action prohibits discharge of
waste in an amount or concentration that violates National Environmental Quality Standards.
◦ Draft Hazardous Substance Rules of 1999.
◦ Islamabad Capital Territory Bye Laws, 1968 by Capital Development Authority
◦ Section 132 of the Cantonment Act 1924 deals with Deposits and disposal of rubbish etc.
◦ Provisions contained in the Local Government Ordinance.
◦ Waste Management Strategy 2005.
There is a dire need to develop and established a comprehensive regulatory and legislative regime to regulate municipal solid waste disposal systems.
The overarching objectives of the NAMA proposal are: ◦ Developing policy and regulatory regime for development and promotion of WTE projects in
the country
◦ Managing Efficient disposal of municipal waste thereby improving & conserving environmental and ecological conditions
◦ Converting waste to energy to generate large capacity of electricity to the tune of 2,000 MW.
◦ Contributing towards improving electricity supply – demand situation
◦ Strengthening grid by generating electricity near load centers
◦ Making cities self-sufficient in meeting electricity needs of their residents
◦ Reducing emission of greenhouse gases of approximately 2 million tCO2 annually
◦ Contribution towards improved and sustainable economy by providing relatively cheaper electricity
◦ Awareness raising among general masses to adopt best practices for disposal of household waste
◦ Capacity Building of stakeholders in the public and private sector regarding WTE concepts.
The NAMA for Waste to Energy Can Deliver any or all of the following: ◦ Basic Recycling Rules ◦ Waste Management Rules ◦ E-Waste management Rules ◦ Development of Environmental Performance Indicators ◦ Eco-Labeling Guidelines and its promotion ◦ Adoption of Life Cycle Assessment Approaches ◦ Guidelines for Environmentally Sound Collection and Disposal ◦ Guidelines for Model Landfill Sites ◦ Regulations & Guidelines for Establishing Waste to Energy Power
Plants
Proposed NAMA Partners ◦ CDM Cell, Climate Change Division, Coordinating body during the
NAMA development and implementation
◦ AEDB, Ministry of Water & Power, Executing and implementing department of NAMA activities
◦ CDA, Cabinet Division, Implementing partner, managing waste disposal in Islamabad
◦ LWMC, Government of Punjab, Implementing partner, managing waste disposal in Lahore
Other Partnering Institutes ◦ Centre for Clean Air Policy, USA – support in NAMA development
◦ UN-ESCAP – support in NAMA development, marketing and financing
Activity Expected outputs Time frame
for completion
Outcomes
Develop NAMA Implementation Plan
A detailed implementation plan for NAMA will be developed
2014-15
The Implementing Agency would be able to have a NAMA detailed implementation plan that would be marketed.
Develop Policy framework and instruments, implementing rules and regulations, financial instruments and guidelines
The Policy Framework, rules, regulations and instruments will be in place for the promotion and development of waste to energy sector
2014-17
A strong footing will be established for waste management and deploying waste to generate electricity to the tune of 2,000 MW all over Pakistan
Capacity building of the Stakeholders
The manpower of the stakeholders at national and provincial level will be trained.
2014-17
The national and provincial level stakeholders will have a trained manpower to operate and maintain the system as per international standards and practices.
Create a Revolving Fund to Promote Solid Waste management Projects
Funding options will be available to undertake solid waste management projects and adopt effective SWM techniques.
2016-18
State-of-the-art waste management techniques will be promoted all over the country.
Potential for transformational change
Disposal
Other Recovery
Recycling
Preparing for re-use
Prevention
Benefits of Proposed NAMA ◦ Regulatory Regime will be established that will facilitate in harnessing
W2E for power generation
◦ Capacity Building of the Stakeholders will be carried out
◦ Awareness raising among general public will be done
◦ A fund will be established to finance the W2E initiatives
Related Long Term Benefits ◦ Effective Waste Management – Productive Use
◦ Mitigating GHGs and conserving Environment
◦ Improving Environmental and health Conditions
◦ Reducing Social Costs and social uplift
◦ Economic Development
Activity Total cost Million Euros
3rd party financing
Million Euros
Requested NAMA financing
Million Euros Develop NAMA Implementation Plan 2.00 - 2.00 Develop Policy framework and instruments, implementing rules and regulations, financial instruments and guidelines
6.00 - 6.00
Capacity building of the Stakeholders 2.00 - 2.00
Create a Revolving Loan Fund to Promote Solid Waste management Projects
10.00 - 10.00
Total 20.00 0.00 20.00
Proposed Financing Structure
2014 € 1,600,000/- 2015 € 2,400,000/- 2016 € 3,300,000/- 2017 € 7,700,000/- 2018 € 5,000,000/-
Subtotal € 20,000,000/- * The NAMA proposal cost could vary based upon the conditions prevailing in the waste-to-energy sector at the time of approval of NAMA. Detailed financial cost of the proposal components would be finalized during development of the detailed NAMA proposal later.
NAMA Funding Release Time Schedule
Supporting Mechanisms for Promoting Distributed Generation (Net Metering, Wheeling, Banking etc.) in Pakistan to put 3 GW Alternative and Renewable Energy (ARE) Projects in next 10 years.
◦ Development of Legislative document, SoPs, Policy Guidelines for Distributed Generation options.
◦ Taking step towards establishing financing mechanism for Distributed Generation options.
◦ Relevant quarters will be attracted through workshops, seminars and B2B meetings in this regard.
◦ Reducing emissions app. 2.4 million tCO2 annually in the longer run.
◦ Contribution towards improved and sustainable economy by providing relatively cheaper electricity
Strategizing for Grid Strengthening / Improvement for evacuation of power from Wind Power Projects ◦ Develop a strategy document for evacuation of 3200 MW wind
power in 5-8 years
◦ Establish strong industrial footage for wind power development
◦ Build infrastructure to reduce emission of app. 5.2 million tCO2 annually
◦ Contribution towards improved and sustainable economy by providing relatively cheaper electricity
Strategizing for Grid Strengthening / Improvement for evacuation of power from Solar Power Projects in Cholistan ◦ Develop a strategy document for evacuation of 1500 MW solar
power in 5-8 years
◦ Establish strong industrial footage for wind power development
◦ Build infrastructure to reduce emission of app. 1.26 million tCO2 annually
◦ Contribution towards improved and sustainable economy by providing relatively cheaper electricity
Irfan Yousuf, Director (CDM) [email protected]
+92-51-9241288, 9222360 2nd Floor, OPF Building, G-5/2, Islamabad, www.aedb.org