Irene Ogata (PDF)
Transcript of Irene Ogata (PDF)
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Irene Ogata, PLA, ASLA, CPMOffice of Integrated Planning
City of Tucson
SEPTEMBER 21-23, 2015EL PASO, TEXAS
Climate Change and
Green InfrastructureIn the Arid Southwest
National Coordinators
FIRST MEETING OF THE BORDER 2020 PROGRAM
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Climate Changeand Green Infrastructure
2013
Institute of Enviro
nmen
t
Garfin, G., G.Franco, H. Blanco, A.Comrie, P.Gonzalez, T.Piechota, R.Smyth, and R.Waskom, 2014: Ch. 20: Southwest. Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment, J.M.Melillo, Terese (T.C.) Richmond, and G.W.Yohe, Eds, U.S. Global Change Research Programs .
A Few Considerations
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Climate Changeand Green InfrastructureA Few Considerations
Source: w
ww.nrdc.org/glob
alWarming/watersustaina
bility
Source: Surface Transportion, Final Report ‐ Volume III: Section 8 Woods & Poole 2002; University of Pennsylvania School of Design 2004
U.S. Population Change, 2000‐2050, by county
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Climate Changeand Green InfrastructureA Few Considerations
Tucson Basin | 2005 | Kinetic Surface Temperature
Catalina Mts
Dr. Jay Golde
n, ASU
SMAR
T Ce
nter, U
HI presentation 20
06
cool
hot
Reid Park
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Climate Changeand Green Infrastructure
Orig
inal Buckets of w
ater Graph
ics:Fernando
Molina, Tucson Water;
mod
ified
for this p
resentation
Mountains
Renewable Water Supplies Groundwater Recharge
River
Water Utility
Surface Water (Colorado) Reclaimed Water “Other” Water Supplies
Surface Water
Tucson Colorado River
Tucson Avra Valley Central Well Fields
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Climate Changeand Green Infrastructure
Orig
inal Buckets of w
ater Graph
ics:Fernando
Molina, Tucson Water;
mod
ified
for this p
resentation
Streets
Roadways & Storm Drains
Mountains
Renewable Water Supplies Groundwater Recharge
River
Water Utility
Surface Water (Colorado) Reclaimed Water “Other” Water Supplies
Surface Water
Tucson Colorado River
Tucson Avra Valley Central Well Fields
CLIMATE CHANGE AFFECTING WEATHER PATTERNS
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A Primerof Green Infrastructure
Story of 2 Stormwater Systems
Source: http://w
ww.phillyriv
erinfo.org/CSO
LTCP
U/Hom
e/im
ages/Sew
ers%
20in%20
Wet%20Weather.png
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A Primerof Green InfrastructureStory of 2 Stormwater Systems : Drivers
CSO: Consent Decrees MS4: Permit
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A Primer of Green Infrastructure
A Few Elements
Source: Upstream Matters, Illinois Watershed Conservation, Dec. 2013
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A Primer of Green InfrastructureShift of Single Approach to Multi‐disciplinary Approach
Source: http://www2.mon
roecou
nty.gov/de
s‐stormwater‐coalition
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A Primer of Green InfrastructureGreen Stormwater Infrastructure Installations
Community‐based installationsProfessional installations
Source: http://green
workspc.com
/storm
water/zidell‐g
reen
‐infrastructure/
Source: http://www.son
oraninstitu
te.org/w
here‐w
e‐work/southw
est/santa‐cruz‐
river/315
‐water‐harvesting.htmlGREEN INFRASTRUCTURE: DIFFERENT DRIVERS
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(R)Evolutionof Green Infrastructure The Tucson Story
Regulatory Tools• Ordinances/Codes = Mandatory
• Commercial Water Harvesting Ordinance (Code)
• Policy = General Guidance; but has weight internally
• Standard curb cut details• Green Streets Active Practice
Guidelines (APG)
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(R)Evolutionof Green Infrastructure The Tucson Story
1998: median captures onsite rainwater
2005: median captures onsite rainwater
Beginning:• Applying GI practices• Sporadic application
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(R)Evolutionof Green Infrastructure The Tucson Story
Standard Details on‐line
Late 1990’s, early 2000’s:Transportation landscape architect attempting to develop curb cut standards
ENGINEERS TALK TO ENGINEERS
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(R)Evolutionof Green Infrastructure The Tucson Story
Parks & Recreation:Camino de CampestreCompleted 2010
City Manger’s OfficeSpecial Projects: Scott AveCompleted 2009
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(R)Evolutionof Green Infrastructure The Tucson Story
Houghton RoadDowntown Links
INFRASTURE BUILDING COMMUNITYthen
COMMUNITY IMPROVES INFRASTRUCTURE
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Analyzing Economic Benefitsof Green Infrastructure
Managing stormwater infrastructure : At WhatGray Infrastructure:
Escalating needs • Deferred Maintenance• Growing communities• Climate Change
resulting in rising
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Analyzing Economic Benefitsof Green Infrastructure
What We Want to Know
Green Infrastructure:
• Where does it fit in StormwaterManagement
• How does it perform• Is it cost‐effective
decrease initial
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Analyzing Economic Benefitsof Green Infrastructure
Analysis: the Bean Counter
Analysis: Benefits of the Bean
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Analyzing Economic Benefitsof Green Infrastructure
Tucson Story
Analysis: why do an analysis• Evaluate alternatives• Does cost exceed benefits
(Expense + Revenue) Demonstrate range of benefit
(Public : Triple Bottom Line | more than cash flow)
Tool: methodology• Consultant• Stormwater software
Metrics: Universal standards/site specific• Expense / benefit seeking• Net present value (NPV) of program• Net present value to owners• Net present value to stakeholders• Avoided costs • Monetized social & environmentalbenefits
• Life‐cycle costs
Does GI Pay For Itself A Bit Complicated
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Green Infrastucture Benefit : Triple Bottom Line
Analyzing Economic Benefitsof Green Infrastructure Triple Bottom Line
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Green Infrastucture Benefit : Triple Bottom LineSocial : People
• Reduced flooding• Greenways• Human health
Environmental : Planet• Water quality• Air quality• Urban heat stress reduction
Economic : Profit• Increase property value• Water Security• Green jobs
Economic Benefits of Green Infrastructure Tucson Story
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Economic Benefits of Green Infrastructure
Source: McKinsey Re
port as rep
orted by
World Resou
rces In
sti
tute, A
ugust, 20
05
Source: City of Portland: Comparison replacing Gray only vs Combining Gray and GreenInfrastructure
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The Business Case Evaluations for Tucson ProjectsAnalysis: Demonstrate range of net benefits
Tool: AutoCASE® | Business Case EvaluatorMetrics: Monetizing values, life‐cycle
calibrated to local weather, regionaleconomy, demographics
Tucson ProjectsRoad: Silverbell Road
Garden: Blue Moon
Analyzing Economic Benefitsof Green Infrastructure Triple Bottom Line
Source: CLIMAS Flood Fact Sheet
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Silverbell Re‐Design
Analysis: Evaluate Triple Bottom LineTool: AutoCASE®
GI Feature Added: Bioretention Water Harvesting basins Trees Traffic Calming
Analyzing Economic Benefitsof Green Infrastructure Triple Bottom Line
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1 3
2
Silverbell Who (Stakeholder) Benefits
Analyzing Economic Benefitsof Green Infrastructure Triple Bottom Line
Community: • Reduced traffic mortality• Social cost of water; securityEconomic• Reduced accidents• Reduced social cost of waterGovernment/Taxpayer• Decreased traffic accidents• Decreased flooding risk;• Reduced carbon + air pollutionTHE COMMUNITY BENEFITS GREATER THAN
BENEFITS TO THE INDIVIDUAL DRIVER
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Blue Moon Community Gardens
Analysis: Demonstrate range of net benefitsTool: Business Case Evaluator
GI Feature Added: Cistern Water harvesting basins
Analyzing Economic Benefitsof Green Infrastructure Triple Bottom Line
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Economic Benefitsof Green Infrastructure in TucsonBlue Moon Community Gardens
Background: HUD project Elderly / Low / Fixed income
TucsonHouse
Blue MoonCommunityGardens
Before : 2011
After : 2012
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Economic Benefits of of Green Infrastructure in TucsonBlue Moon Community GardensSocial• Heat Stress Mortality• RecreationEnvironment• Air PollutionEconomic• Property Value• Flood Risk
Recreational Use Value
Flood Risk
Property ValueHeat StressMortality
CO2 Emissions
Air Pollution
1
3 2
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS MAY REQUIRE RE‐EVALUATIONBASED ON UNIQUE SITUATIONS
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Triple Bottom Lineof Green Infrastructure in Tucson
• Life Cycle Costs• Fiduciary Responsibility• Reduced Flood Damage• Water Security
• Avoided Water Consumption• Recreation Improvements• Community Amenities – Urban Canopy• Protect/Improve Public Health
CO2 Reduction •Habitat Enhancement •
Water Quality Improvement •Water for the Environment •
Business Ethic
Energy Efficiency
Environmental Justice
HAVE AN ECONOMIST ON THE TEAM(REAL OR VIRTUAL)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
•Office of Integrated Planning• Tucson Water•Dept. of Transportation
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RESOURCE
Pima County LID Working Group Website:http://webcms.pima.gov/cms/one.aspx?portalId=169&pageId=65263http://webcms.pima.gov/cms/one.aspx?portalId=169&pageId=65263AutoCASETM Beta Testing Project: Evaluation of GI/LID Benefits in the Pima County Environment:Same as above
Business Case Evaluator for Stormwater Management Website:http://impactinfrastructurellc.com/blog/?p=233
Contact: [email protected]