Nabil Al-TikritiUniversity of Mary Washington

Iraqi Provincial Border Changes from the Ottoman Era to Today

Japan Institute of International Affairs

2 November 2010

19th Century Ottoman-Iranian Border Commission Memoir

Kirkuk Literature

Primary Source Collection

Dr. Khalil Ismail Muhammad’s Kirkuk

Ottoman Vilayet Changes

AD 600-1500 1550-1690 1705-1780 1780-1831

1830s 1850-1862 1862-1879 1884-1914

www.historiae.org

Ottoman Map, 1876

OttomanInheritance:8 MutasarrifsIn 3 Vilayets:Mosul, Shehrizor, Baghdad, Karbala, Diwaniya, Muntafiq, Basra, Amara

BritishMandatory Iraq

14 Liwas: Mosul, Erbil, Sulaymania,

Kirkuk, Diyala, Baghdad,

Dulaim, Karbala, Hilla, Diwaniya, Muntafiq, Kut, Amara, Basra

Hashemite Iraq

14 Liwas

Mosul [Ninevah +

Dohuk]

Sulaymaniya

Erbil

Diyala

Baghdad [+ Samarra,

then Salah al-Din]

In The Name Of God NO. 41 Republic Decree In accordance with Revolution Command Council agreement of the four material from Governorate Law No. 159 in 1969 (approved) and according to what interior minister proposed. We decreed the follows: 1. Constitute a new Governorate under the name of Salah Al- Deen Governorate its center will be in Tikrit City and must be followed by the following provinces with all its administrational boundaries. a. Tikrit Province. b. Samaraa Province. c. Balad Province. d. Tuze Province. 1. Replace the name of Kirkuk Governorate by Tameem Governorate .and to be followed by the following provinces : a. Kirkuk centers. b. Al- Haweja Province. The interior minister must implement this decree Written in Baghdad in twenty eight of Muharam month 1396 H in 29/1/ 1976 Ahmed Hassan Al- Baker Chief revolution command council

Districts Taken From Baghdad & Kirkuk, Made Salah al-Din by 1976

Kirkuk [Ta’mim]

1936 Kirkuk

1947 Kirkuk

1957 Kirkuk

1965 Kirkuk

1976 Kirkuk

[9426 =Typo]

1977Kirkuk

1987Kirkuk

1997Kirkuk

2000Kirkuk

Kirkuk After Partition

Baghdad [+ Salah al-Din]

[Dulaim]Ramadi [Anbar]

Hilla [Babil]

Karbala [+ Najaf]

Diwaniya [Qadisiya] +

Samawa [Muthanna]

[Muntafiq]Nasiriya [Dhi Qar]

Kut [Wasit]

Basra [Amara / Missan

Missing From Collection]

1958 Iraq

1970 Iraq

1971 Iraq

1990 Iraq

1997 Iraq

2005 Iraq

Iraq Since 2003

Why Do We Care? 1) Such Efforts Continue

ISCI: Federalism Initiative KRG: Kurdification, “Garmiyan” Initiative, Hamrin Thesis

2) Sectarianism Effects Yusufiya, Latifiya, Mahmudiya “Death Triangle” Baghdad Neighborhoods & 1970s Redistricting

3) Continuing Implications for GOI Centralization vs. Federalism

4) Ultimate Effects on Governance & Regional Stability

5) Oil & Natural Resources Struggle Kirkuk Oil Anbar vs. Karbala vs. Najaf vs. Muthanna Potential Desert Claims

Disputed Territories

Optimistic Kurdish

Map

Hamrin Thesis

Directions ofArabization

in Iraqi Kurdistan

ISCI Map, 2003

Oil Interests

The End [For Now]

1976 Iraq

Kirkuk in 1920s Iraq

Kirkuk Districts

Hawija in Kirkuk