Iraq vs norwy
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Transcript of Iraq vs norwy
EconomiesThe broad institutional framework within
which economic interaction takes place in a country is called an economy.
Types of economies on the bases of stage of development
Developing economy Developed economy
DEVELOPED COUNTRY
•A developed country or economy is defined as a country which has a high real per capita income.
UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRY
•An underdeveloped country or economy on the other hand is defined as a country in which the real per capita income is low and which has the potential of development.
Generalized characteristics of developed countries:
Generalized characteristics of developing countries:
High level of per capita income Low per capita income
High level of industrial development In the process of industrialization
High level of affluent citizens Low level of affluent citizens
Low levels of unemployment Higher levels of unemployment
Higher education rates Lower education rates
Technological advantages Limited technological capacity
Stable governments Unstable governments
Easy to access advanced medical services Poor access to medical services
Low birth rates High level of birth rates
Low death rates High level of death rates
Safe water supplies Dirty, unreliable water supplies
Good housing conditions Poor housing conditions
Abundant food supplies Poor nutrition
Good health care Diets that are short in calories and/or protein
Increased life expectancy Endemic disease in some countries
High Human Development Index (HDI) Low to medium standard of living
Equality in distribution of income Unequal distribution of income
Human and natural resources are fully utilize. Factors of production are not fully utilized
Comparison Of Types Of Economies
DEVELOPEDING COUNTRY
IRAQWorld ranking
131st
DEVELOPED COUNTRY
NORWAYWorld ranking
1st
PARAMETERS OF DEVELOPMENT
Development of a country is measured keeping several aspects in mind . The 3
most important parameters of development are
1. PER CAPITA INCOME INDEX- per capita income
2. PHYSICAL QUALITY OF LIFE INDEX- Life Expectancy, Infant Mortality, Basic Literacy
3. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX- Life expectancy, educational attainment, adjusted GDP per capita
COMPARISON BETWEEN IRAQ AND NORWAY BASED ON PARAMETERS OF
DEVELOPMENT
Economic indicators
IRAQGDP LAST HIGHEST LOWEST
GDP (USD Billions) 222.88 222.88 1.70
GDP Annual growth rate %
4.21 54.16 -56.40
Gross National Product(IQD Million)
191417039.50 191417039.50 20594975.00
GDP per capita 2505.39 3452.99 228.18
GDP Constant Prices (IQD Million)
10452400.00 15956200.00 1105299.00
NORWAYGDP LAST HIGHEST LOWEST
GDP (USD Billion) 512.58 512.58 5.20
GDP Annual Growth Rate %
3.90 9.80 -4.40
Gross National Product(NOK Million)
777395.00 800432.00 54049.00
GDP per capita (USD)
65188.52 67804.55 17331.90
GDP Constant Prices(NOK Million)
717729.00 717729.00 285627.00
IRAQ
GNI per capita 2012, US$ 5870
GDP per capita average annual growth rate (%), 1990-2012
-1.7
Average annual rate of inflation (%) 1990-2012
18.2
Population below international poverty line of US$1.25 per day (%) 2007-2011*
2.8
Public spending as a % of GDP (2007-2011*) allocated to: health
6.7
Public spending as a % of GDP (2008-2010*) allocated to: education
–
Public spending as a % of GDP (2008-2010*) allocated to: military
5.1
ODA inflow in millions US$ 2010 1904.1
ODA inflow as a % of recipient GNI 2010 1.1
Debt service as a % of exports of goods and services 2010
–
Share of household income (%, 2007-2011*), poorest 40%
22
Share of household income (%, 2007-2011*), richest 20%
40
NORWAY
GNI per capita 2012, US$ 98860
GDP per capita average annual growth rate (%), 1990-2012
1.8
Average annual rate of inflation (%) 1990-2012
4.2
Population below international poverty line of US$1.25 per day (%) 2007-2011*
–
Public spending as a % of GDP (2007-2011*) allocated to: health
8.2
Public spending as a % of GDP (2008-2010*) allocated to: education
7.3
Public spending as a % of GDP (2008-2010*) allocated to: military
1.7
ODA inflow in millions US$ 2010 –
ODA inflow as a % of recipient GNI 2010 –
Debt service as a % of exports of goods and services 2010
–
Share of household income (%, 2007-2011*), poorest 40%
24
Share of household income (%, 2007-2011*), richest 20%
37
IRAQ NORWAY
Iraq Food Inflation at 4.50 Percent Norway Food Inflation at 2.60 Percent
Iraq Core Inflation Rate at 1.40 Percent Norway Core Inflation Rate at 2.41 Percent
Iraq Core Consumer Prices at 145.50 Index Points
Norway Core Consumer Prices at 127.50 Index Points
Iraq Consumer Price Index (CPI) at 144.10 Index Points
Norway Consumer Price Index (CPI) at 136.40 Index Points
Iraq Inflation Rate at 2.30 Percent NorwayInflation Rate at 1.90 Percent
Iraq GDP per capita at 2505.39 USD GDP per capita at 65188.52 US
Iraq Exports at 94171.60 USD Million Norway Exports at 70296.77 NOK Million
Health care and Demographic
features
IRAQto the top
Use of improved drinking water sources (%) 2011, total
84.9
Use of improved sanitation facilities (%) 2011, total
83.9
Immunization coverage (%) 2012, BCG 90
Immunization coverage (%) 2012, DPT1
87
Immunization coverage (%) 2012, polio3
70
Immunization coverage (%) 2012, Hib3 46
Immunization coverage (%) 2012, Newborns protected against tetanus
85
Diarrhea (%) 2008-2012*, Treatment with oral rehydration salts (ORS)
22.8
Under-5 mortality rank 70
Under-5 mortality rate (U5MR), 2012 34
NORWAYto the top
Use of improved drinking water sources (%) 2011, total
100
Use of improved sanitation facilities (%) 2011, total
100
Immunization coverage (%) 2012, BCG –
Immunization coverage (%) 2012, DPT1
99
Immunization coverage (%) 2012, polio3
95
Immunization coverage (%) 2012, Hib3 95
Immunization coverage (%) 2012, Newborns protected against tetanus
–
Diarrhea (%) 2008-2012*, Treatment with oral rehydration salts (ORS)
–
Under -5 mortality rank 154
Under -5 mortality rate(U5MR),2012 3
IRAQ
Low birthweight (%) 2008-2012* 13.4
Early initiation of breastfeeding (%), 2008-2012*
42.8
Exclusive breastfeeding <6 months (%), 2008-2012*
19.6
Introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods 6-8 months (%), 2008-2012*
35.5
Breastfeeding at age 2 (%), 2008-2012* 22.7
Underweight (%) 2008-2012*, moderate & severe
8.5
Underweight (%) 2008-2012*, severe 3.7
Stunting (%) 2008-2012*, moderate & severe
22.6
Overweight (%) 2008-2012*, moderate & severe
11.8
Vitamin A supplementation full coverage (%) 2012
–
Iodized salt consumption (%) 2008-2012* 2
NORWAY
Low birthweight (%) 2008-2012* 5
Early initiation of breastfeeding (%), 2008-2012*
–
Exclusive breastfeeding <6 months (%), 2008-2012*
–
Introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods 6-8 months (%), 2008-2012*
–
Breastfeeding at age 2 (%), 2008-2012* –
Underweight (%) 2008-2012*, moderate & severe
–
Underweight (%) 2008-2012*, severe –
Stunting (%) 2008-2012*, moderate & severe
–
Overweight (%) 2008-2012*, moderate & severe
–
Vitamin A supplementation full coverage (%) 2012
90
Iodized salt consumption (%) 2008-2012* 95
IRAQ
Population (thousands) 2012, total 32778
Population (thousands) 2012, under 18
15421.3
Population (thousands) 2012, under 5
4823.9
Population annual growth rate (%), 2012-2030
2.5
Crude death rate, 2012 5.3
Crude birth rate, 2012 31.5
Life expectancy, 2012 69.2
Total fertility rate, 2012 4.1
Urbanized population (%), 2012 66.4
Average annual growth rate of urban population (%), 2012-2030
2.6
NORWAY
Population (thousands) 2012, total 4993.9
Population (thousands) 2012, under 18
1130.8
Population (thousands) 2012, under 5
319.2
Population annual growth rate (%), 2012-2030
0.9
Crude death rate, 2012 8.4
Crude birth rate, 2012 12.5
Life expectancy, 2012 81.4
Total fertility rate, 2012 1.9
Urbanized population (%), 2012 79.7
Average annual growth rate of urban population (%), 2012-2030
1.1
IRAQto the top
Youth (15-24 years) literacy rate (%) 2008-2012*, male
84.1
Youth (15-24 years) literacy rate (%) 2008-2012*, female
80.5
Number per 100 population 2012, mobile phones
79.4
Number per 100 population 2012, Internet users
7.1
Pre-primary school participation, Gross enrolment ratio (%) 2008 -2012*, male
–
Pre-primary school participation, Gross enrolment ratio (%) 2008 -2012*, female
–
Primary school participation, Net enrolment ratio (%) 2008-2012*, male
–
Primary school participation, Net enrolment ratio (%) 2008-2012*, female
–
Secondary school participation, Net enrolment ratio (%) 2008-2012*, male
–
Secondary school participation, Net enrolment ratio (%) 2008-2012*, female
–
NORWAY to the top
Youth (15-24 years) literacy rate (%) 2008-2012*, male
–
Youth (15-24 years) literacy rate (%) 2008-2012*, female
–
Number per 100 population 2012, mobile phones
115.5
Number per 100 population 2012, Internet users
95
Pre-primary school participation, Gross enrolment ratio (%) 2008 -2012*, male
100
Pre-primary school participation, Gross enrolment ratio (%) 2008 -2012*, female
98.3
Primary school participation, Net enrolment ratio (%) 2008-2012*, male
99.1
Primary school participation, Net enrolment ratio (%) 2008-2012*, female
99.2
Secondary school participation, Net enrolment ratio (%) 2008-2012*, male
93.9
Secondary school participation, Net enrolment ratio (%) 2008-2012*, female
94
Women and children care
IRAQLife expectancy: females as a % of males 2012V
111.1
Adult literacy rate: females as a % of males 2008-2012*
82.8
Enrolment ratios: females as a % of males 2008-2012*, Primary GER
–
Enrolment ratios: females as a % of males 2008-2012*, Secondary GER
–
Survival rate to the last grade of primary: females as a % of males 2008-2012*
–
Delivery care (%) 2008-2012*, Skilled attendant at birth
90.9
Delivery care (%) 2008-2012*, Institutional delivery
76.6
Maternal mortality ratio , 2010, Adjusted 63
Maternal mortality ratio , 2010, Lifetime risk of maternal death (1 in:)
310
NORWAYLife expectancy: females as a % of males 2012
105.4
Adult literacy rate: females as a % of males 2008-2012*
–
Enrolment ratios: females as a % of males 2008-2012*, Primary GER
100.2
Enrolment ratios: females as a % of males 2008-2012*, Secondary GER
98.2
Survival rate to the last grade of primary: females as a % of males 2008-2012*
99.5
Delivery care (%) 2008-2012*, Skilled attendant at birth
–
Delivery care (%) 2008-2012*, Institutional delivery
–
Maternal mortality ratio , 2010, Adjusted
7
Maternal mortality ratio , 2010, Lifetime risk of maternal death (1 in:)
7900
IRAQto the top
Child labour (%) + 2002-2012*, , total 4.7
Child labour (%) + 2002-2012*, , male
5.4
Child labour (%) + 2002-2012*, , female
4
Child marriage (%) 2002-2012*, married by 15
4.6
Child marriage (%) 2002-2012*, married by 18
24.3
Birth registration (%) 2005-2012*, total
99.2
Justification of wife-beating (%) 2002-2012*, male
–
Justification of wife-beating (%) 2002-2012*, female
51.2
Violent discipline (%) + 2005-2012*, total
79
NORWAY
Child labour (%) + 2002-2012*, , total –
Child labour (%) + 2002-2012*, , male –
Child labour (%) + 2002-2012*, , female
–
Child marriage (%) 2002-2012*, married by 15
–
Child marriage (%) 2002-2012*, married by 18
–
Birth registration (%) 2005-2012*, total
100
Justification of wife-beating (%) 2002-2012*, male
–
Justification of wife-beating (%) 2002-2012*, female
–
Violent discipline (%) + 2005-2012*, total
–
CAUSES OF DOWNFALL OF IRAQ
1st Gulf war 1 st gulf war-After the success of the 1979 Iranian Revolution arming Shiite and Kurdish rebels against Saddam's regime and sponsoring assassination attempts on senior Iraqi officials. Following months of cross-border raids between the two countries, Saddam declared war on Iran in September`1980, initiating the Iran–Iraq War The war ended in stalemate in 1988. In 1981, Israeli aircraft bombed an Iraqi nuclear materials testing reactor at Osirak In the final stages of Iran–Iraq War, the Ba'athist Iraqi regime led the Al-Anfal Campaign, a genocidal campaign that targeted Iraqi Kurds, and led to the killing of 50,000 – 100,000 civilians .
2nd Gulf war
2nd gulf war-In August 1990, Iraq invaded and annexed Kuwait. This subsequently led to military intervention by United States-led forces in the First Gulf War. Iraq's armed forces were devastated during the war and shortly after it ended in 1991 It is estimated that as many as 100,000 people, including many civilians were killed
Present crisisHistory -Intense inter-ethnic violence between Sunnis and
Shias. The Mahdi Army, a Shia militia was created] began to fight Coalition forces in 2004 and various Sunni militias were also
created in 2003. Abu Musab al-Zarqawi's Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad Islamist terrorist group became Al-Qaeda in Iraq in October
2004 and began targeting Coalition forces as well as civilians (mainly Shia Muslims) further exacerbating ethnic tensions.
During 2013 Sunni militant groups stepped up attacks targeting the Iraq's Shia population in an attempt to undermine confidence in the Nouri al-Maliki-led government. In 2014 Sunni insurgents
belonging to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) terrorist group seized control of several major Iraqi cities, including Tikrit, Fallujah and Mosul creating hundreds of
thousands of internally displaced persons amid reports of atrocities by ISIL fighters. The circumstances are still very critical.
Consequences • A total of around 2 million people died in both wars • Loss of more than $800 billion.• Oil production was affected as each country targeted
the other’s oil terminals. Both nations also attacked oil tankers and merchant ships
• Education effected-2751 schools were damaged severely. 2400 schools experienced looting. Education personnel were targeted, kidnapped, attacked, and or killed.
• The present crisis pose a threat on oil exports and rise in price of oil and relations with countries whose citizens have been captured by the terrorist groups
Foreign relations Iraq had good relations with countries like the USA ,Soviet union etc . But was not n friendly terms with some neighbors the Invasion of Kuwait that triggered the Gulf War brutally
changed Iraq's relations with the Arab World and the West. Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria and othersThe Iraqi Government's failure to disarm and
agree to a ceasefire resulted in sanctions attacks on U.S. aircraft patrolling the no-fly zones led
to U.S. bombing of Iraq in December 1998. Following the 9/11 terrorist attacks .
Capital shortage and Government policies
There are certain reasons to this shortage of the capital that is a major cause for the region’s under developing state.•First of all, inefficiency of investment has been constantly falling throughout the past decade in the region leading to a vacuum of destabilization and shortage of capital. •Second, savers and investors (with good reason) fear and distrust national governments. Specifically, they fear that their savings will be expropriated either directly by state decree, or by stealth via rampant inflation and overvalued exchange rates•Another important reason is the government policies that mar the outside investment in the region
Lack of development in the oil sector
The lack of development in other sectors has resulted in 18%–30% unemployed and a
depressed per capita GDP of $4,000.Public sector employment accounted for nearly 60% of
full-time employment in 2011. The oil export industry, which dominates the Iraqi economy,
generates very little employment. Currently only a modest percentage of women (the highest estimate for 2011 was 22%) participate in the
labour force.
Population growthThere is no family planning system followed due to religious reasons family sizes are very large leading to a number of problems like•The disorganization of the provision of education to the fast growing number of the youth•Increasing unemployment •This in turn affects the semi-educated, young people, who contribute toward political unrest due to the growing angerraised the demand of food in the region•Migrating population also created a problem for managing the food supply in the region
•Government is unable to provide good quality of life to such a large number of people
CAUSES OF PROSPERITY OF NORWAY
•Norway remained neutral during World War I, and maintained neutrality in WWII. Norway has not had a war after world war 2 .•Stable government- Norway experiences a very stable form of government Norway is a unitary constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government, wherein the King of Norway is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government•In general, the legal and institutional framework in Norway is characterized by a high degree of transparency, accountability and integrity, and the perception and the occurrence of corruption are very low.
• Low population density- Norway has an average population density is 15.5 persons /sq km
• Amiable foreign relations-Norway maintains embassies in 86 countries. 60 countries maintain an embassy in Norway, all of them in the capital, Oslo.
• Norway is a founding member of the United Nations (UN), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Council of Europe and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
• Proper utilization of resources -Export revenues from oil and gas have risen to almost 50% of total exports and constitute more than 20% of the GDP. Norway is the fifth-largest oil exporter and third-largest gas exporter in the world, In March 2011, the Government Pension Fund controlled assets were valued at approximately US$570 billion (equal to US$114,000 per capita) which is about 140% of Norway's current GDP
• Well connectivity -Norway has approximately 92,946 kilometers (57,754 mi) of road network, of which 72,033 kilometers (44,759 mi) are paved and 664 kilometers (413 mi) are motorway. Of the 97 airports in Norway, 52 are public
Creditssukhan rangimrs.kuldeep sekhon