General information about İraq

and its Education

Geography of Iraq

Iraq is located in the Middle East, between Iran, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Syria, Turkey, and Kuwait.

Iraq has a total area of 438,317 square kilometers

and the capital is Baghdad.

There is a northern mountainous region along the Iranian and Turkish borders.

and south of the Iranian border is a marsh land

Iraq mainly has plain lands and deserts.

- Summer temperatures average above 40 °C for most of the country and frequently exceed 48 °C (especially in the southern part). - Winter temperatures infrequently exceed 21 °C with maximums roughly 15 to 19 °C and night-time drops to 2 to 5 °C .- In the northern part the temperature decreases even more with an average of 10°C and it even reaches negative degrees in night-time.

In 16th century the Ottoman Empire ruled the region until the British took over during World War I.

Iraq began as a British Kingdom, which was again occupied by the British during World War II.

A revolution took place in 1958, the government was then unstable for some time until Saddam Hussein took over as leader of the Ba'th party in 1979.

Short History

Hussein had a totalitarian military rule over Iraq until 2003 when the United States military invaded Iraq on grounds of weapons of mass destruction and took over the government.

Hussein was executed in December 2006.

The United States and its allies had control of Iraq until 2010 when they pulled out in September leaving behind 50,000 troops until December 2011.  

- Iraq has been known to the west by the Greek as 'Mesopotamia' (Land between the rivers)

- The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers is often referred to as the cradle of civilization and the birthplace for invention of writing, law and the wheel.

–It located in the center of city.–It was made for nearly 6000 years BC.–Its height is above 30m & 2500m radius.–There are more than 400 houses inside citadel. –Now it is reserved as a historical place & includes (museum, café, library, craft shop and restaurant).

Erbil Citadel

The official languages are Arabic and Kurdish.

Population

Muslims make up 97% of the population, with Shiite Muslims at 60% and Sunni Muslims at 32%

Religion

Iraq's main export is crude oil

they export 1.91 million barrels per day.

Iraq was the world’s 12th largest oil producer in 2009 and has the world’s fourth largest proven petroleum reserves after Saudi Arabia, Canada, and Iran.

Economy

Erbil has been appointed the 2014 tourism capital by the Arab Council of Tourism.During the council’s conference in Cairo last month, four cities -- Beirut, Taif, Sharjah and Erbil -- competed to win the title of tourism capital for the year 2014.

Erbil named among 2014 Arab Tourism Capital

The Arab Council of Tourism has several conditions necessary to win the tourism capital title. For example, Erbil had to present 40 different activities that it will host throughout the year.4 million tourists will come to Erbil by 2014.  

ENGLISH VILLAGE IN ERBIL

Kurdish handcraft shoes

Education System in Northern Iraq

- Two year pre-school (optional).

- Before it was 6 years primary and 3 years secondary .

- Now both levels are regarded as one 9-year level.

- 3 years high school.- And 4-6 years university.

Language in Education

Languages taught in school:- Kurdish- Arabic- English- And Turkish (in some private colleges)

Language of Education

In local schools subjects other than languages are taught in Kurdish.However, In private schools and colleges language of education is English.

High school

In high school student can choose between:

- Science- Literature and- Vocational school

Science:This branch emphasizes on scientific lessons: math, biology, chemistry, and physics , along with three languages English, Arabic, and Kurdish.

Literature:Students in literature study limited math and no other science subjects. Instead they emphasize on Kurdish and Arabic literature, geography history and other social sciences.

University- Students are accepted to university

according to their grade that they accomplish in the baccalaureate exam in the last year of high school.

- Medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy accept students with highest marks respectively.

- Engineering and law come next.- Students with lower marks can

enroll to educational branches.

–There are 12 public universities & 10 private universities.

–Five of the private universities are foreign universities which are :

University City Country

ISHIK university Erbil Turkish

Lebanese French university

Erbil French

British Royal University

Erbil British

SABIS university Erbil Lebanon

American University SULEYMANIYE Americans

Universities that have IT branch:

University City Type

University of Selahaddin Erbil Public

University of Suleymaniye Suleymaniye Public

University of Kurdistan Erbil Public

ISHIK University Erbil Private

American University Suleymaniye private

University of Duhok Duhok Public

University of Koya Koya Public

Cihan University Erbil private

Thanks …..

Prepared by;Rabar Sami

Rabar_sami@yahoo.com

Tr: 553 320 9339Irq: 750 751 8808