IR203 Week9 Globalization

8/11/2019 IR203 Week9 Globalization

1/17

IR 203 Global Economy &

International Relations LectureNotesDr. Bezen Coskun, [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


2/17

This week we will learn...

1. Key Concepts

2. Definition of Globalization

3. Dimensions of Globalization

4. History of Globalization

5. Theories of International Relations and Globalization

6. Anti-Globalization Movement


3/17

Key Concepts

Capitalism-An economic system based on private ownership of capital

and the means of production (standing wealth and other forms ofproperty).

Cold War- The hostile relations between the two superpowers, theUnited States of America and the former Soviet Union.

G-8- Group of Eight.

Global- covering or affecting the whole world.

Global Politics- the state will no longer be at the centre of attention-but neither will it be marginalized.

Globalization- increasing integration of the world in terms ofcommunications, culture, and economics.


4/17

IMF- International Monetary Fund.

IPE- International Political Economy.

Sovereignty-A states right, at least in principle, to do whatever itwants within its own territory.

WB- World Bank.

WTO- World Trade Organization.


5/17

Definition of Globalization

In general terms globalizationis an economic, political,technological, and socio-cultural process where the

importance of state boundaries decreases and the countries

and their people live in an integrated global system.

The term has become particularly popular in International

Political Economy and in cultural studies.


6/17

Dimensions of Globalization

Three main dimensions of globalization:

i. Economic Dimensions of Globalization

ii. Socio-cultural Dimensions of Globalization

iii. Political Dimensions of Globalization


7/17

Economic Dimensions of

Globalization

Economic globalization is one of the most frequently

used in discussions of development, trade, and IPE.

It is a process by which the economies of the world

become increasingly integrated, leading to global

economy and, increasingly, global economicpolicymaking, for example, through international

agencies such as WTO, IMF, and WB.


8/17

Socio-cultural Dimensions of

Globalization

Social globalizationmeans processes whereby manysocial relations become relatively delinked from territorial

geography, so that human lives are increasingly played out in

the world as a single place.

Cultural globalizationrefers to an emerging global

culture, in which people more often consume similar goodsand services across countries and use of common language.

Examples: Coco-Cola, Mc Donald and use of English.


9/17

Political Dimensions of

Globalization

In political studies globalization ideas have beensignificant in thinking about ideology and in

political behaviour in terms of issue areas suchas ecopolitics and human rights.

In terms of the environment and human rights clearevidence of the need for global codes of conduct.

In terms of ideology writers like Hungtington andFukuyama have pointed to the globalization ofliberalism following the end of the Cold War.


10/17

History of Globalization

It is hard to determine a specific moment when globalization started or

to describe exact stages of its historical development.

History shows no obvious time on which everyone will agree.

Although considerable groundwork for globalization was laid in earliertimes, the noun globalization entered a dictionary for the first time in

1961.


11/17


12/17

Theories of International Relations

Realism Liberalism Marxism

Analytic

Units

Sovereign States in an

Anarchic International

System

State, Sub-State

Actors(firms,

NGOs), InternationalOrganizations

States, Classes, Societies,

Nonstate actors as part of

Capitalist World System

View of ActorsStates as Unitary

Actors

Domestic actors and

processes of decision

making matter

Determined by the historical

and economic

circumstances

Behavioural

Dynamics

Concern about the potential

use of force. Maximize

national security:diplomacy,

deterrence,allying,war

Interests are broadly

defined(legitimacy,economic,s

ecurity). Bargaining is central

means.

States and groups act

within patterns of

dominance

IssuesNational

Security,Conflict,Pe

ace

Broad AgendaEconomic issues

(dependency)


13/17

Realism and Globalization

For realists, states hold sovereignty, and globalization doesnot cause obsolete the struggle for political power between

states.

Globalization does not weaken the importance of the threat ofthe use of force.


14/17

Liberalism and Globalization

Liberalism focuses on a much wider set of

interactions between states and non-state actors.

For liberals, globalization is the end point of the

transformation of world politics.

Liberals are particularly interested in the revolution

in technology and communications represented by

globalization.


15/17

Marxism and Globalization

Marxistsseen globalization as a negative process.

For Marxists, globalization is not new process, and it is the

latest stage in the development of international capitalism by

West.

Globalization further deepens the existing divide between the

rich and poor countries.


16/17

Anti-Globalization

Movement

The anti-globalization

movement developed inthe late 20thcentury to fight

the globalization of

corporate economic activity

and the free trade with

developing nations that

might result from such

activity.


17/17

Anti-Globalization

Movement Members of the anti-globalization movement

generally advocate anarchist, nationalist, socialist,

social democratic or environmentalist alternatives.

Although supporters of the movement often work

together, the movement itself is diverse.

Demonstrations: the Seattle (Washington-USA)

WTO meeting of 1999, Genoa (Italy)G8 summit in

2001.

IR203 Week9 Globalization

Documents

Transcript of IR203 Week9 Globalization