IPv6 Address Planning
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Transcript of IPv6 Address Planning
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IPV6 ADDRES PLANNING
HOSSEIN ASHRAF SEMNANI
LINKED IN : HTTPS://IR.LINKEDIN.COM/IN/HOSEINASHRAFSEMNANI
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OVERVIEW
• How IPv6 addresses are constructed
• How many IPv6 addresses will you need?
• Where & How to get IPv6 addresses
• Why Create An IPv6 Address Plan?
• Addressing Plans & Managing
• Deployable Address Plan
• Addressing Tools & Calculators
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• Recall that an IPv6 address consists of 128 bits.
• the 64 bits of the network number portion of the address are divided into the
global routing prefix and the subnet ID.
• The first three bits of any globally routable address are set to 001.
• The next 45 bits define the global routing prefix.
• The 16 bits following that are the subnet ID.
• The remaining 64 bits of the address are reserved for the interface ID.
HOW IPV6 ADDRESSES ARE CONSTRUCTED
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HOW IPV6 ADDRESSES ARE CONSTRUCTED
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HOW IPV6 ADDRESSES ARE CONSTRUCTED
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HOW MANY IPV6 ADDRESSES WILL YOU NEED?
• The standard single site allocation is a /48
• The standard interface assignment in IPv6 of a /64.
• Contains Location , Customers Number , …
• The more granular subnet assignments derived from the /48 assigned to a site have two
primary characteristics.
• .
• .
• .
'
'
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WHERE TO GET IPV6 ADDRESSES
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GETTING IPV6 ADDRESS SPACE
• Become a member of your Regional Internet Registry and
• get your own allocation
• – Require a plan for a year ahead
• – Receive a /32 (or larger if you will have more than 65k /48 assignments)
• – General allocation policies are outlined in RFC2050, more specific details for
IPv6 are on the dividual RIR website
or• • Take part of upstream ISP’s address space
• – Get one /48 from your upstream ISP
• – More than one /48 if you have more than 65k subnets
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WHY CREATE AN IPV6 ADDRESS PLAN?
• The options for an IPv4 addressing plan were severely limited
1. Because of scarcity of addresses
2. Every address block has to be used efficiently
.
.
.
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WHY CREATE AN IPV6 ADDRESS PLAN?
• IPv6 allows for a scalable addressing plan:
1. Security policies are easier to implement
2. Addresses are easier to trace
3. Enables more efficient network management
4. Routing tables can be smaller and more efficient
5. Application policies can be implemented
6. Network management/provisioning can be easier
7. Easier scaling as more devices or locations are added
and most important...
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ADDRESSING PLANS – INFRASTRUCTURE
• Address block for infrastructure
/48 allows 65k subnets in the backbone
• Address block for router loop-back interfaces
Number all loopbacks out of one infrastructure /64
/128 per loopback
• Point-to-point links
/64 reserved for each, address as a /127
• LANs
/64 for each LAN
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ADDRESSING PLANS – CUSTOMER
• Customers get one /48
Unless they have more than 65k subnets in which case they get a second /48 (and so on)
• However, typical industry customer assignments today:
1. /64 for just one LAN
2. /60 for a small network – 16 subnets
3. /56 for a medium network – 256 subnets
4. /48 for a large network – 65536 subnets
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ADDRESSING PLANS – CUSTOMER
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ADDRESSING PLANS – CUSTOMER
• Default Allocation size = /32
• • How many assignments can I make ?
• - 4 billion /64’s
• - 268 million /60’s
• - 17 million /56’s
• - 1million /52’s
• - 65536 /48’s
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ADDRESSING PLANS – WHY USE ONLY MULTIPLES OF 4 ?
If /x is a multiple of 4 :
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ADDRESSING PLANS – WHY USE ONLY MULTIPLES OF 4 ?
If /x is NOT a multiple of 4
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ADDRESSING PLANS – WHY USE ONLY MULTIPLES OF 4 ?
Only certain hex values possible :
• 2001:db8:7::/48
• 2001:db8:7:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx
• 2001:db8:7:8000::/50
• 2001:db8:7:8xxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx
• 2001:db8:7:9xxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx
• 2001:db8:7:axxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx
• 2001:db8:7:bxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx
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DEPLOYABLE ADDRESS PLAN
• Documentation
1. IPv4 addresses are probably short enough to memorise
2. IPv6 addresses are unlikely to be memorable at all
• Document the address plan
1. What is used for infrastructure
2. What goes to customers
3. Flat file, spreadsheet, database, etc
4. But documentation is vital
5. Especially when coming to populating the DNS later on
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DEPLOYABLE ADDRESS PLAN
• Pick the first /48 for our infrastructure
Reason: keeps the numbers short
Short numbers: less chance of transcription errors
For Loopback interface addresses Compare :
2001:db8:ef01:d35c::1/128
2001:db8::1/128
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DEPLOYABLE ADDRESS PLAN
• Out of this /48, pick the first /64 for loopbacks
Reason: keeps the numbers short
• Pick the second /48 for point-to-point links to customers
Addresses not a trusted part of Operator’s infrastructure
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DEPLOYABLE ADDRESS PLAN
• For the infrastructure /48:
First /64 for loopbacks
• Maybe reserve the final /60 for the NOC
Gives 16 possible subnets for the Network Operations
Centre (part of the Infrastructure)
• Remaining 65519 /64s used for internal pointto-point links
More than any network needs today
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EXAMPLE: BACKBONE POINT-TO-POINT LINKS
ISP has 20 PoPs
• Scheme adopted is 2001:db8:XXYY::Z/64 where :
1. XX is the PoP number (01 through FF)
2. YY is the LAN number (when YY is 00 through 0F)
3. YY is the P2P link number (when YY is 10 through FF)
4. Z is the interface address (2 or 3)
5. /64 is reserved, but the link is numbered as a /127
• Scheme is good for 16 LANs and 240 backbone PtP links per PoP, and for
255 PoPs
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EXAMPLE: BACKBONE POINT-TO-POINT LINKS
• PtP & LANs in PoP 1:
• LAN1 2001:db8:0:100::/64
• LAN2 2001:db8:0:101::/64
• LAN3 2001:db8:0:102::/64
• PtP1 2001:db8:0:110::/64
• PtP2 2001:db8:0:111::/64
• PtP3 2001:db8:0:112::/64
• PtP4 2001:db8:0:113::/64
• PtP5 2001:db8:0:114::/64
• …etc…
• PtP & LANs in PoP 14:
• LAN1 2001:db8:0:e00::/64
• LAN2 2001:db8:0:e01::/64
• LAN3 2001:db8:0:e02::/64
• LAN4 2001:db8:0:e03::/64
• LAN5 2001:db8:0:e04::/64
• PtP1 2001:db8:0:e10::/64
• PtP2 2001:db8:0:e11::/64
• PtP3 2001:db8:0:e12::/64
• …etc…
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LINKS TO CUSTOMERS ( 1 & 2 )• Some Network Operators use unnumbered IPv4 interface links
So replicate this in IPv6 by using unnumbered IPv6 interface links
This will not require one /48 to be taken from the ISP’s /32 allocation
• Other Network Operators use global unicast addresses
So set aside the second /48 for this purpose (And divide the /48 amongst the PoPs)
Or set aside a single/48 per PoP (depending on networksize)
Each /48 gives 65536 possible customer links, assuming a /64 for each link
• Scheme used:
2001:db8:00XX::/48 where XX is the PoP number
Good for 255 PoPs with 65536 point-to-point links each
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EXAMPLE• Customer PtP links
PoP1
Reserved 2001:db8:1:0::/64
Customer1 2001:db8:1:1::/64
Customer2 2001:db8:1:2::/64
Customer3 2001:db8:1:3::/64
Customer4 2001:db8:1:4::/64
PoP12
Reserved 2001:db8:c:0::/64
Customer1 2001:db8:c:1::/64
Customer2 2001:db8:c:2::/64
Customer3 2001:db8:c:3::/64
…etc…
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EXAMPLE: CUSTOMER ALLOCATIONS• Master allocation documentation would look like this:
2001:db8:0::/48 Infrastructure
2001:db8:1::/48 PtP links to customers (PoP1)
2001:db8:2::/48 PtP links to customers (PoP2)
2001:db8:3::/48 PtP links to customers (PoP3)
… …
2001:db8:100::/48 Customer 1 assignment
… …
2001:db8:ffff::/48 Customer 65280 assignment
• Infrastructure and Customer PtP links would be documented separately as earlier
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ADDRESSING TOOLS & CALCULATORS• Examples of IP address planning tools:
• phpIPAM github.com/phpipam/phpipam (recommended!!)
• NetDot netdot.uoregon.edu
• HaCi sourceforge.net/projects/haci
• IPAT nethead.de/index.php/ipat
• freeipdb home.globalcrossing.net/~freeipdb
• For More Tools Visit : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address_management
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EXAMPLES OF IPV6 SUBNET CALCULATORS:• http://www.gestioip.net/cgi-bin/subnet_calculator.cgi
• https://www.ultratools.com/tools/ipv6CIDRToRange
• http://www.tunnelsup.com/subnet-calculator
• https://www.site24x7.com/tools/ipv6-subnetcalculator.html
• https://ipv6st.codeplex.com/
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IPV6 VPN SERVEICE ( TUNNELBROKER.IR )
• Server IP : ipv6.tunnelbroker.ir
• Username : ipv6
• Password : test-ipv6
• Connection : PPTP
Enjoy IPV6