IPv4 versus IPv6 - Who connects faster? - IFIP Networking 2015 ...
Transcript of IPv4 versus IPv6 - Who connects faster? - IFIP Networking 2015 ...
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
IPv4 versus IPv6 - Who connects faster?IFIP Networking 2015 Conference, Toulouse
Vaibhav [email protected]
Jürgen Schönwä[email protected]
Computer Networks and Distributed Systems Group,Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
May 2015
Leone Project: leone-project.eu
1 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Introduction | Motivation
▶ Large IPv6 broadband rollouts1 since World IPv6 Launch Day in 2012.▶ Increased global adoption of IPv6 to 6% (as seen by Google, May 2015).
Recent research [1] (2014) has shown:
▶ 3.5% of top 10K ALEXA websites announce AAAA in DNS.▶ 3.2% of top 10K ALEXA websites reachable over IPv6.
1Comcast, Deutsche Telekom AG, AT&T, Verizon Wireless, T-Mobile USA2 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Introduction | Research Question
Do users experience benefit (or an added penalty) whenconnecting to websites over IPv6?
3 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Introduction | getaddrinfo(…) behavior
1) native IPv6 routes...2) native IPv4 routes...3) IPv4-IPv6 Transitioning routes
getaddrinfo(...) preference:
TCP connection request
▶ Returns a list of endpoints in an order that prioritizes an IPv6-upgrade path.▶ The order is dictated by RFC 6724 [2] and /etc/gai.conf
4 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Introduction | Research Contributions
▶ Websites cluster around CDN deployments and show similar performance.▶ CDN clusters are different over IPv4 and IPv6.▶ CDN caches are largely absent over IPv6.▶ TCP connect times to IPv6 CDN clusters have improved over time.▶ IPv6 services from www.bing.com have stopped globally since 2013.▶ Google CDN blacklists some resolvers over IPv6.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to compare TCP connect times of topdual-stacked websites over IPv4 and IPv6.
5 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Methodology
6 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Methodology | Metrics
▶ Uses getaddrinfo(…) to resolve service names.▶ Uses non-blocking TCP connect(…) calls.▶ DNS resolution time is not accounted.▶ Can read multiple service names as arguments.▶ Can read service names list from a file.▶ File locking capability.▶ Sets a delay between connect(…) ; avoids SYN floods.▶ Can produce both human-readable & CSV output.▶ Cross-compiled for OpenWrt; Running on SamKnows.
happy1) endpoint 2) endpoint3) endpoint...n) endpoint
connection establishment times (µs)
1) service name2) port
happy.vaibhavbajpai.com.
% happy -q 1 -m www.google.com www.facebook.com
HAPPY.0;1360681039;OK;www.google.com;80;173.194.69.105;8626
HAPPY.0;1360681039;OK;www.google.com;80;2a00:1450:4008:c01::69;8884
7 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Methodology | Selection of Websites
▶ Hurricane Electric (HE) maintains a top 100 dual-stacked service names list2.▶ HE uses top 1M service names list from Alexa Top Sites (ATS)▶ HE does not follow CNAMES.
▶ Amazon has made the ATS top 1M service names list public3.▶ Prepared a custom top 100 dual-stacked service names list.▶ Explicitly follow CNAMES.▶ Prepend a www to each service name and cross-check any AAAA response.
2http://bgp.he.net/ipv6-progress-report.cgi
3http://s3.amazonaws.com/alexa-static/top-1m.csv.zip
8 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Methodology | Measurement Setup
▶ Frequency: Every hour.▶ Duration: Feb 2013 - Present DSL/Cable
ModemSamKnowsTests
Probe
ALEXA Dual-Stacked Top 100
resu
lts
HTTPS POST
TCP connect(...)IPv6!IPv4
happy
Data Collector
9 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Methodology | Measurement Trial
IPv6 Trial
Location CountryNancy France
Bucharest Romania
Meyrin Switzerland
Toronto Canada
Niigata Japan
Fukuoka Japan
Probe shipped, pending to come online ... Probes pending to be shipped ...
Location CountrySolna Sweden
Southampton UK
Alleur Belgium
Madrid Spain
Shizuoka Japan
TYPE IPv4 AS IPv6 AS LOCATION PROVIDER ID
RESIDENTIAL AS31334 AS31334 BREMEN KABELDEUTSCHLAND #02
RESIDENTIAL AS3320 AS3320 BREMEN DEUTSCHE TELEKOM #04
RESIDENTIAL AS50989 AS1257 STOCKHOLM SITAB #11
RESIDENTIAL AS4685 AS4718 FUKUOKA ASAHI NET #12
RESIDENTIAL AS12715 AS12715 MADRID JAZZ TELECOM #13
RESIDENTIAL AS9031 AS9031 ALLEUR EDPNET #17
RESIDENTIAL AS3320 AS3320 BREMEN DEUTSCHE TELEKOM #19
RESIDENTIAL AS2518 AS2516 SHIZUOKA BIGLOBE NEC #20
RESEARCH AS513 AS513 CERN CERN #16
NREN AS680 AS680 BREMEN DFN #01
NREN AS2614 AS2614 TIMISOARA ROEDUNET #08
NREN AS2611 AS2611 LOUVAIN BELNET #15
NREN AS680 AS680 BREMEN DFN #18
LAB AS5607 AS5607 LONDON BSKYB-BROADBAND #05
LAB AS3269 AS3269 TORINO TELECOM ITALIA #06
LAB AS8903 AS8903 MADRID BT ESPANA #07
LAB AS2856 AS5400 IPSWICH BT UK #10
IXP AS18070 AS18070 NIIGATA NDAC #14
BUSINESS AS24956 AS24956 BRAUNSCHWEIG GAERTNER DATENSYSTEME #03
BUSINESS AS13030 AS13030 OLTEN INIT SEVEN #09
10 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Data Analysis4
4The results are derived from year-long measurements conducted between Feb 2013 - July 2014.11 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Data Analysis | TCP Connect Times (Probe #04)
101
102
103
TC
P c
onnect
tim
e (
mse
cs) SamKnows Probe: #04 [04-May-2013 CET to 23-May-2014 CET]
IPv4
big
lobe.n
e.jp
ww
w.a
ol.co
mw
ww
.appsp
ot.
com
ww
w.a
tt.c
om
ww
w.b
ing.c
om
ww
w.b
logger.
com
ww
w.b
logsp
ot.
co.u
kw
ww
.blo
gsp
ot.
com
ww
w.b
logsp
ot.
de
ww
w.b
logsp
ot.
inw
ww
.blo
gsp
ot.
jpw
ww
.blo
gsp
ot.
ruw
ww
.com
cast
.net
ww
w.d
eti
k.co
mw
ww
.double
clic
k.co
mw
ww
.elm
undo.e
sw
ww
.engadget.
com
ww
w.f
ace
book.
com
ww
w.f
bcd
n.n
et
ww
w.f
lipka
rt.c
om
ww
w.f
olh
a.u
ol.co
m.b
rw
ww
.fre
e.f
rw
ww
.ae
ww
w.g
oogle
.at
ww
w.g
oogle
.az
ww
w.g
oogle
.be
ww
w.g
oogle
.ca
ww
w.g
oogle
.ch
ww
w.g
oogle
.cl
ww
w.g
oogle
.cn
ww
w.g
oogle
.co.h
uw
ww
.co.id
ww
w.g
oogle
.co.il
ww
w.g
oogle
.co.in
ww
w.g
oogle
.co.jp
ww
w.g
oogle
.co.k
rw
ww
.co.t
hw
ww
.co.u
kw
ww
.co.v
ew
ww
.co.z
aw
ww
.com
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.ar
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.au
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.bd
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.br
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.co
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.eg
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.hk
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.mx
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.my
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.ng
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.pe
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.ph
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.pk
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.sa
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.sg
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.tr
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.tw
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.ua
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.vn
ww
w.g
oogle
.cz
ww
w.g
oogle
.de
ww
w.g
oogle
.dk
ww
w.g
oogle
.dz
ww
w.g
oogle
.es
ww
w.g
oogle
.fi
ww
w.g
oogle
.fr
ww
w.g
oogle
.gr
ww
w.g
oogle
.ie
ww
w.g
oogle
.it
ww
w.g
oogle
.nl
ww
w.g
oogle
.no
ww
w.g
oogle
.pl
ww
w.g
oogle
.pt
ww
w.g
oogle
.ro
ww
w.g
oogle
.ru
ww
w.g
oogle
.se
ww
w.g
oogle
.sk
ww
w.g
oogle
use
rconte
nt.
com
ww
w.irs
.gov
ww
w.m
arc
a.c
om
ww
w.m
obile
.de
ww
w.m
ozi
lla.o
rgw
ww
.netf
lix.c
om
ww
w.n
ifty
.com
ww
w.o
range.f
rw
ww
.saku
ra.n
e.jp
ww
w.s
ezn
am
.cz
ww
w.t
-onlin
e.d
ew
ww
.terr
a.c
om
.br
ww
w.u
ol.co
m.b
rw
ww
.usp
s.co
mw
ww
.vk.
com
ww
w.w
ikim
edia
.org
ww
w.w
ikip
edia
.org
ww
w.w
ikti
onary
.org
ww
w.y
ahoo.c
om
ww
w.y
oum
7.c
om
ww
w.y
outu
be.c
om
101
102
103
TC
P c
onnect
tim
e (
mse
cs)
IPv6
Boxplot grouped by service
▶ Several websites5 show similar performance over IPv4/IPv6.▶ Some disparate websites6 appear faster over IPv4.▶ Some websites7 show substantially higher variance over IPv6.
5www.google.*, www.blogspot.*
6www.att.com, www.comcast.net, www.irs.gov (Akamai CDN)
7www.facebook.com, www.fbcdn.net (Facebook CDN) and www.youm7.com (Cloudflare CDN)
12 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Data Analysis | TCP Connect Times (Probe #04)
04-M
ay-2
013
CET
30-Ju
n-20
13 C
ET
24-N
ov-2
013
CET
20-F
eb-2
014
CET
18-A
pr-2
014
CET0
50
100
150
200
250
TC
P c
onnect
tim
e (
mse
cs)
SamKnows Probe: #04 to www.facebook.com
IPv6
IPv4
04-M
ay-2
013
CET
30-Ju
n-20
13 C
ET
24-N
ov-2
013
CET
20-F
eb-2
014
CET
18-A
pr-2
014
CET0
50
100
150
200
250
TC
P c
onnect
tim
e o
ver
IPv6
(m
secs
)
27.5
28.0
28.5
29.0
29.5
30.0
30.5
31.0
31.5
32.0
TC
P c
onnect
tim
e o
ver
IPv4
(m
secs
)
SamKnows Probe: #04 to www.facebook.com
IPv6
IPv4
▶ TCP connect times to Facebook CDN over IPv6 have improved over time.
13 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Data Analysis | WHOIS-based Website Clusters (Probe #04)
Sprint com206.159.101.0/24
Sprint206.159.0.0/16
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority/0
Akamai Technologies2.18.160.0/20
www.google.com.br
Google Inc.74.125.0.0/16
Google Inc.173.194.0.0/16
Akamai Technologies, Inc.23.60.0.0/14
www.google.bg
www.bing.com
Akamai Technologies, Inc.23.32.0.0/11
Akamai International B.V.80.239.230.128/25
Akamai Technologies95.100.249.0/24
www.google.bewww.blogspot.kr
Cluster network5.199.166.0/23
AI PI AKT OOD195.85.215.0/24
www.google.it
America Online64.12.0.0/16
AOL Inc195.93.64.0/18
www.mapquest.com
Netscape Communications Corp.207.200.64.0/18
www.balagana.net
www.google.co.il
CLIENT338546.19.137.80/29
www.google.co.ma
www.comcast.net
Akamai Technologies84.53.172.0/22
Akamai Technologies195.95.192.0/23
www.google.co.id
www.google.fr
www.google.com.sa
www.google.com.sg
www.google.co.in
America Online, Inc205.188.0.0/16
www.google.nl Latin American and Caribbean IP address Regional Registry190.0.0.0/8
www.google.fi
www.google.se
www.mozilla.org
Mozilla Corporation63.245.208.0/20
www.google.sk
www.google.co.uk
www.google.com
www.google.com.bd
www.google.ca
www.rtl.de
RTL-D Video portal217.118.169.0/24
www.bitsnoop.com
www.google.ch
www.google.cl
www.google.cn
RIPE Network Coordination Centre141.0.0.0/8
www.google.lk
www.blogspot.fr
www.google.cz
Virtual Private Servers for Customers89.187.142.0/23
www.facebook.com
Facebook, Inc.66.220.144.0/20
Facebook, Inc.173.252.64.0/18
www.networkedblogs.com
www.google.co.kr
DUB8 EC2176.34.184.0/21
EdgeCast Networks, Inc.68.232.32.0/20
www.google.com.au
www.youtube.com
www.googleusercontent.com
SoftLayer Technologies Inc.66.228.118.0/24
www.google.pt
www.google.gr
www.google.com.mx
www.google.kz
www.blogspot.com.es
www.google.pl
www.google.com.vn
www.blogspot.in
www.google.tn
www.gravatar.com
www.google.co.jp
www.google.de
www.google.co.nz
www.google.com.ec
www.blogspot.com www.google.com.eg
www.irs.gov
www.google.dk
www.google.lt
Azar-A Kft.91.219.236.0/22
VNET a.s.109.74.148.0/22
www.orkut.com
www.google.hr
www.blogger.com
Flipkart India Pvt Ltd103.4.252.0/22
www.google.com.hk
YIFY Torrents Solutions37.221.165.32/28
www.google.com.ua
www.google.com.ly
www.aol.com
www.softlayer.com
www.netflix.com
www.flipkart.com
www.yify-torrents.com
www.google.bywww.youm7.com
www.google.co.ve
www.google.com.do
www.android.com
www.google.ae
www.google.az
www.anitube.jp
Hosting Services, Inc.174.127.64.0/18
www.autoblog.com
www.google.co.za
www.blogspot.jp
www.goo.gl
www.google.at
www.google.com.tr
www.google.dz
www.att.com
www.google.iq
www.google.com.pk
www.google.com.ph
www.google.co.th
www.google.ru
www.google.com.pe
www.google.ro
Sprint65.172.0.0/14
Sprint com65.172.0.0/15
www.google.com.co
www.google.co.hu
www.google.ie
www.google.no
www.sprint.com
www.blogspot.co.uk
www.brainyquote.com
www.google.es
IPv4 WHOIS cloud
www.google.com.br
Google Ireland Limited2a00:1450::/29
www.flipkart.com
Flipkart India Pvt Ltd2001:df0:23e::/48
www.google.com.sg
www.google.com.sa
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority/0
www.goo.gl
Akamai Technologies2a02:26f0::/32
www.google.by
www.google.co.za
www.google.be
www.google.sk
www.google.bg
www.google.com.bd
www.google.ae
Mozilla Corporation2620:101:8000::/40
www.google.se
Facebook Ireland Ltd2a03:2880::/32
www.youtube.com
www.aol.com
America Online2001:4b0::/32
www.google.fi
SoftLayer Technologies Inc.2607:f0d0::/32
www.att.com
www.orkut.com
www.google.co.id
Magyar Telekom plc.2001:4c48::/29
www.google.co.in
www.google.co.il
www.balagana.net
www.google.co.ma
www.google.dz
www.blogspot.jp
www.google.frwww.google.nlwww.google.no
www.google.co.vewww.google.com.ly
www.google.com.mx
VNET s. r. o.2a01:390::/32
BUL.NET2a01:9e40:195::/48
www.google.ch
www.blogspot.co.uk
www.google.cn
www.youm7.com
665 Third Street2400:cb00::/32
www.google.com.vn
www.mapquest.com
www.google.ca
www.blogspot.com.es
www.blogger.com
www.rtl.de
RTL Interactive Frankfurt2a03:d680::/48
www.google.co.nz
www.bitsnoop.com
2a02:29b8:1925::/64
www.blogspot.in
www.softlayer.com
www.google.ro
www.yify-torrents.com
COOLHOUSING s.r.o.2a01:5f0::/32
www.google.co.jp
www.google.ru
www.comcast.net
Akamai Technologies2a02:26f0:5::/48
www.facebook.com
www.google.cl
www.google.kz
www.google.gr
www.blogspot.com
www.google.cz
www.google.com.hk
www.google.com.ua
www.google.de
www.google.dk
www.google.com.ec
www.android.com
www.google.com.eg
www.google.co.th
EdgeCast Networks, Inc.2606:2800::/32
www.google.co.kr
www.google.lk
www.google.tn
www.google.hr
www.bing.com
www.google.co.uk
www.google.com.au
www.netflix.com
Amazon Data Services Ireland LTD2a01:578::/32
www.google.lt
www.blogspot.kr
www.google.com.tr
www.google.es
2607:f0d0:3001:ae::/64www.google.az
www.gravatar.com
www.google.at
www.sprint.com
Sprint2600::/29
www.google.com.ph
www.blogspot.fr
www.google.com.pk
www.networkedblogs.com
www.google.com.pe
www.google.com.co
www.mozilla.org
www.irs.gov
www.google.ie
www.google.pl
www.autoblog.com
www.google.com
www.anitube.jp
www.google.com.do
www.google.it
www.google.co.hu
www.googleusercontent.com
www.google.iq
www.brainyquote.com
www.google.pt
IPv6 WHOIS cloud
▶ Endpoints serving popular websites map to address blocks owned by Google/Akamai.
▶ WHOIS-based aggregated clusters are coarse-grained.
14 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Data Analysis | BGP-based Website Clusters (Probe #04)
IAN
A
APN
IC
SA
KU
RA
(A
S9
37
1)
ww
w.s
aku
ra.n
e.jp
BIG
LOB
E (
AS2518)
big
lobe.n
e.jp
DETIK
(A
S24211)
ww
w.d
eti
k.co
m
NETM
AG
IC (
AS17439)
ww
w.fl
ipka
rt.c
om
FKN
ET (
AS9
752
)
ww
w.fl
ipka
rt.c
om
INFO
WEB
(AS2
510)
ww
w.n
ifty.
com
ARIN
AOL
(AS1
668)
ww
w.a
ol.c
om
TERR
A (A
S402
60)
www.te
rra.
com
.br
MIC
ROSOFT
(AS8
075)
www.bin
g.co
m
YAHOO (A
S26101)
www.yahoo.c
om
MOZILLA (A
S36856)
www.mozil
la.org
DTAG (AS3320)
www.usps.com
AMAZON (AS14618)www.netflix.com
GO
OG
LE (AS15169)
www.google.com.my
www.googleusercontent.com
www.google.dz
www.google.co.hu
www.google.com
www.google.co.kr
www.google.es
www.blogspot.com
www.youtube.comwww.google.itwww.google.grwww.google.com.phwww.google.com.pkwww.google.com.vn
www.google.com.trwww.blogspot.de
www.google.iewww.google.co.il
www.google.at
www.google.pt
www.google.pl
www.google.co.ve
www.blogspot.ru
www.google.com.co
www.google.com.ar
www.google.com.ua
www.google.nl
www.google.ca
ww
w.google.sk
ww
w.google.com
.mx
ww
w.google.az
ww
w.blogspot.in
ww
w.blogspot.jp
ww
w.google.com
.ng
ww
w.g
oogle.com
.sg
ww
w.g
oogle.co.th
ww
w.g
oogle
.de
ww
w.g
oogle
.co.jp
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.tw
ww
w.g
oogle
.co.id
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.eg
ww
w.a
ppsp
ot.co
m
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.br
ww
w.g
oog
le.n
o
ww
w.g
oogle
.be
ww
w.g
oogle
.se
ww
w.g
oogle
.cl
ww
w.b
logger.co
m
ww
w.g
oogle
.co.
za
ww
w.g
oogle
.ch
ww
w.g
oogle
.co.
in
ww
w.g
oogle
.fr
ww
w.d
ouble
clic
k.co
m
ww
w.g
oogl
e.cn
ww
w.g
oogl
e.co
m.h
k
ww
w.g
oogl
e.co
m.s
a
ww
w.g
oogl
e.co
m.p
e
ww
w.b
logs
pot.c
o.uk
ww
w.go
ogle
.com
.au
www.
goog
le.ro
www.g
oogl
e.cz
www.goo
gle.
co.u
k
www.goo
gle.
ae
www.goo
gle.co
m.b
d
www.google.ru
www.google.dk
www.google.fi
N/A
CHINA169 (AS4808)
www.qq.com
CHINA169 (AS4837)
www.qq.com
AOL (AS1668)
www.aol.com
LACNIC
Universo (AS7162)
www.uol.com.brwww.folha.uol.com.br
CLOUDFLARENET (AS13335)www.youm7.com
RIPE
Unidad (AS9052)www.elmundo.es
www.marca.com
YAHOO (AS34010)
www.yahoo.com
DTAG (AS3320)
www.google.dz
www.att.com
www.comcast.net
www.irs.gov
www.google.nl
www.t-online.de
WIKIMEDIA (AS43821)
www.wiktionary.org
www.wikimedia.org
www.wikipedia.org PROXAD (AS12322)
www.free.fr
Orange (AS8891)
www.orange.fr
VKONTAKTE (AS47541)
ww
w.vk.com
WAN
AD
OO
PORTA
ILS (AS24600)
ww
w.orange.fr
CLO
UD
FLAREN
ET (AS13335)
ww
w.youm
7.com
SEZ
NA
M (A
S43037)
ww
w.sezn
am.cz
AO
L (AS1668)
ww
w.e
ngadget.co
m
FAC
EB
OO
K (A
S32934)
ww
w.fb
cdn.n
et
ww
w.fa
cebook.co
m MA
RKT
PLA
ATS (A
S4
15
52
)w
ww
.mobile
.de
file:///home/steffie/Documents/happy/bgp-based-cl...
1 of 1 07/24/2014 01:30 PM
IPv4 BGP cloud
IAN
A
APN
IC
BIG
LOB
E (
AS2
51
8)
big
lobe.n
e.jp
FKN
ET (
AS9752)
ww
w.fl
ipka
rt.c
om
INFO
WEB
(A
S2510)
ww
w.n
ifty
.com
AM
AZ
ON
(A
S16509)
ww
w.n
etflix
.com
ARIN
AOL
(AS1
668)
ww
w.a
ol.c
om
WIK
IMED
IA (A
S438
21)
ww
w.w
iktio
nary
.org
ww
w.w
ikim
edia
.org
www.
wik
iped
ia.o
rg
MOZIL
LA (A
S368
56)
www.moz
illa.o
rg
TERRA (AS40260)
www.terra
.com
.br
YAHOO (A
S10310)
www.yahoo.com
GOOGLE (AS15169)
www.google.ch
www.google.at
www.google.nl
RIP
E
Unidad (AS9052)
www.elmundo.es
www.marca.com
NTT (AS2914)
www.usps.com
www.att.com
DTAG (AS3320) www.t-online.de
PROXAD (AS12322) www.free.frOrange (AS8891)www.orange.fr
VKONTAKTE (AS47541) www.vk.com
GO
OG
LE (AS1
5169
)
www.google.com.my
www.googleusercontent.com
www.google.dz
www.google.co.hu
www.google.com
www.google.co.kr
www.google.es
www.blogspot.com
www.youtube.com
www.google.it
ww
w.google.gr
ww
w.google.com
.ph
ww
w.google.com
.pk
ww
w.google.com
.vn
ww
w.google.com
.tr
ww
w.blogspot.de
ww
w.g
oogle.ie
ww
w.g
oogle
.co.il
ww
w.g
oogle
.at
ww
w.g
oogle
.pt
ww
w.g
oogle
.pl
ww
w.g
oogle
.co.v
e
ww
w.b
logsp
ot.ru
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.coww
w.g
oogle
.com
.ar
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.ua
ww
w.g
oogle
.nl
ww
w.g
oogle
.ca
ww
w.g
oogle
.sk
ww
w.g
oogle
.com
.mx
ww
w.g
oogle
.az
ww
w.b
logsp
ot.in
ww
w.b
logs
pot.
jp
ww
w.g
oogl
e.co
m.n
g
ww
w.g
oogl
e.co
m.s
g
ww
w.g
oogl
e.co
.th
ww
w.g
oogl
e.de
ww
w.go
ogle
.co.
jp
www.
goog
le.c
om.tw
www.g
oogl
e.co
.id
www.goo
gle.
com
.eg
www.appsp
ot.co
m
www.google.co
m.b
r
www.google.no
www.google.be
www.google.sewww.google.cl
www.blogger.comwww.google.co.zawww.google.chwww.google.co.inwww.google.frwww.doubleclick.com
www.google.cnwww.google.com.hk
www.google.com.sa
www.google.com.pe
www.blogspot.co.uk
www.google.com.au
www.google.ro
www.google.cz
www.google.co.uk
www.google.ae
www.google.com.bd
www.google.ru
www.google.dk
www.google.fi CW (AS1273)
www.usps.com
www.att.com
WANADOOPORTAILS (AS24600)
www.orange.fr
FACEBOOK (AS32934)
www.fbcdn.net
ww
w.facebook.com
AKA
MAI (A
S20940)
ww
w.irs.gov
ww
w.com
cast.net
SEZN
AM
(AS43
037)
ww
w.seznam
.cz
YAH
OO
(AS10310)
ww
w.ya
hoo.com M
AR
KTPLA
ATS (A
S41552)
ww
w.m
obile
.de
LAC
NIC
Univ
erso
(AS7
16
2)
ww
w.u
ol.co
m.b
rw
ww
.folh
a.u
ol.co
m.b
r
file:///home/steffie/Documents/happy/bgp-based-cl...
1 of 1 07/24/2014 01:30 PM
IPv6 BGP cloud
▶ Akamai caches serve popular websites directly from within DTAG over IPv4.
▶ Akamai caches missing over IPv6 (served instead by Akamai CDN).
15 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Data Analysis | BGP-based Website Clusters (IPv4)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Number of Services
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CDF of Services within each IPv4 BGP-based Cluster
GOOGLE (AS15169)
SEABONE (AS6762)
NTT (AS2914)
JAZZNET (AS12715)
AKAMAI (AS20940)
WIKIMEDIA (AS43821)
COMHEM (AS39651)
WIKIMEDIA (AS14907)
ECHIGO (AS55895)
AOL (AS1668)
UNIDAD (AS9052)
TINET (AS3257)
EDPNET (AS9031)
TELIANET (AS1299)
UNIVERSO (AS7162)
AKAMAI (AS16625)
FACEBOOK (AS32934)
0 1 2 3 4 5 60.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
% o
f N
um
ber
of
Sam
Know
s Pro
bes:
20
60 62 64 66 68 70
IPv4 Cluster #(↓)
GOOGLE (AS15169) 67
SEABONE (AS6762) 05
NTT (AS2914) 03
JAZZNET (AS12715) 03
AKAMAI (AS20940) 03
WIKIMEDIA (AS43821) 03
COMHEM (AS39651) 03
WIKIMEDIA (AS14907) 03
ECHIGO (AS55895) 02
AOL (AS1668) 02
UNIDAD (AS9052) 02
TINET (AS3257) 02
EDPNET (AS9031) 02
TELIANET (AS1299) 02
UNIVERSO (AS7162) 02
AKAMAI (AS16625) 02
FACEBOOK (AS32934) 02
▶ CDN caches serve popular websites over IPv4 from within service provider's network.
16 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Data Analysis | BGP-based Website Clusters (IPv6)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Number of Services
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CDF of Services within each IPv6 BGP-based Cluster
GOOGLE (AS15169)
AKAMAI (AS20940)
WIKIMEDIA (AS43821)
CW (AS1273)
WIKIMEDIA (AS14907)
UNIDAD (AS9052)
TINET (AS3257)
ECHIGO (AS55895)
DFN (AS680)
ACONET (AS1853)
UNIVERSO (AS7162)
NTT (AS2914)
FBDC (AS10013)
FACEBOOK (AS32934)
0 1 2 3 4 5 60.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0%
of
Num
ber
of
Sam
Know
s Pro
bes:
20
60 62 64 66 68 70
IPv6 Cluster #(↓)
GOOGLE (AS15169) 67
AKAMAI (AS20940) 04
WIKIMEDIA (AS43821) 03
CW (AS1273) 03
WIKIMEDIA (AS14907) 03
UNIDAD (AS9052) 02
TINET (AS3257) 02
ECHIGO (AS55895) 02
DFN (AS680) 02
ACONET (AS1853) 02
UNIVERSO (AS7162) 02
NTT (AS2914) 02
FBDC (AS10013) 02
FACEBOOK (AS32934) 02
▶ CDN caches over IPv6 are largely absent.
17 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Introduction | Summary
▶ Several websites show similar performance over IPv4/IPv6.…because they cluster around a CDN.
▶ Some websites show higher variance over IPv6…because TCP connect times over IPv6 have improved over time.
▶ Some websites appear faster over IPv4…because they are served by CDN caches over IPv4.…CDN caches over IPv6 are largely absent.
18 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Data Analysis | GOOGLE (AS15169)
10-1 100 101 102 103 104
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F(n
um
ber
of
IPv6 m
easu
rem
ents
: 201544)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F(n
um
ber
of
IPv4 m
easu
rem
ents
: 219346)
GOOGLE (AS15169)
IPv6
IPv4
▶ Who connects faster? - IPv6 appears comparable to IPv4.
19 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Data Analysis | FACEBOOK (AS32934)
100 101 102 103 104
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F(n
um
ber
of
IPv6 m
easu
rem
ents
: 6257)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F(n
um
ber
of
IPv4 m
easu
rem
ents
: 6508)
FACEBOOK (AS32934)
IPv6
IPv4
▶ Who connects faster? - IPv6 slower to IPv4.20 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Data Analysis | AKAMAI (AS20940)
100 101 102 103 104
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F(n
um
ber
of
IPv6 m
easu
rem
ents
: 9047)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F(n
um
ber
of
IPv4 m
easu
rem
ents
: 7375)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (AS20940)
IPv6
IPv4
▶ Who connects faster? - IPv6 slower to IPv4.21 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Data Analysis | WIKIMEDIA (AS43821)
100 101 102 103 104
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F(n
um
ber
of
IPv6 m
easu
rem
ents
: 8077)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F(n
um
ber
of
IPv4 m
easu
rem
ents
: 8309)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (AS43821)
IPv6
IPv4
▶ Who connects faster? - IPv6 faster to IPv4.22 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Data Analysis | www.bing.com
12-M
ar-2
013
CET
13-Ju
l-201
3 CET
15-Ja
n-20
14 C
ET
24-F
eb-2
014
CET
04-A
pr-2
014
CET
09-M
ay-2
014
CET
19-Ju
n-20
14 C
ET100
101
102
103
TC
P c
onnect
tim
e o
ver
IPv6
(m
secs
)
www.bing.com
100
101
102
103
104
TC
P c
onnect
tim
e o
ver
IPv4
(m
secs
)
www.bing.com
IPv6
IPv4
12-M
ar-2
013
CET
13-Ju
l-201
3 CET
15-Ja
n-20
14 C
ET
24-F
eb-2
014
CET
04-A
pr-2
014
CET
09-M
ay-2
014
CET
19-Ju
n-20
14 C
ET0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
TC
P c
onnect
tim
e o
ver
IPv6 (
mse
cs)
www.bing.com
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
TC
P c
onnect
tim
e o
ver
IPv4 (
mse
cs)
www.bing.com
IPv6
IPv4
▶ No IPv6 measurements to www.bing.com starting Sep 2013.▶ Abrupt cut-off hinting towards a network policy decision.▶ Upstream resolvers do not provide a AAAA entry for www.bing.com .
23 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Data Analysis | Google IPv6 Blacklist (Probe #20)
IANA
APNI
C
FKNE
T (A
S975
2)ww
w.flip
kart.
com
INFO
WEB
(AS2
510)
www.
nifty
.com
BIG
LOBE
(AS2
518)
bigl
obe.
ne.jp
YAHO
O (A
S561
73)
www.
yaho
o.co
m
CHIN
ATEL
ECO
M (A
S480
9)ww
w.qq
.com
SAKU
RA (A
S937
1)ww
w.sa
kura
.ne.
jp
DETI
K (A
S242
11)
www.
detik
.com
NETM
AGIC
(AS1
7439
)ww
w.flip
kart.
com
ARIN
MOZILLA
(AS3
6856
)
www.
mozilla
.org
AKAMAI (AS20
940)
www.att.c
om
www.usps
.com
TERRA (AS40
260)
www.terra
.com.br
WIKIMEDIA (AS14907)
www.wikimed
ia.org
www.wiktionary.o
rg
www.wikipedia.org
AOL (AS1668)
www.aol.com
www.engadget.com
MICROSOFT (AS8075)www.bing.com
GOOGLE (AS15169)
www.google.ru
www.google.se
www.google.com.hk
www.google.com.bd
www.google.com.ph
www.google.cz
www.google.ae
www.googleusercontent.com
www.blogspot.jp
www.google.co.id
www.google.co.in
www.google.com.ngwww.google.rowww.google.nlwww.blogspot.co.ukwww.google.co.ukwww.google.co.thwww.youtube.comwww.google.com.sawww.google.co.krwww.google.dzwww.google.comwww.google.com.co
www.google.com.pkwww.google.com.br
www.google.com.tr
www.google.co.il
www.google.bewww.google.es
www.google.no
www.google.com.ua
www.google.co.za
www.google.com.tw
www.google.it
www.google.sk
www.google.com.eg
www.google.co.hu
www.google.com.ar
www.google.fr
www.google.pl
www.google.com.sg
www.blogspot.ru
www.google.ie
www.google.at
www.google.co.jp
www.google.pt
www.google.com.au
www.google.co.ve
www.blogspot.in
www.google.com.vn
www.google.ca
www.google.com.pe
www.google.de
www.google.ch
www.google.gr
www.doubleclick.com
www.google.cl
www.google.com.m
x
www.google.azwww.google.fiwww.google.dk
www.
goog
le.c
om.m
y
MO
ZILL
A (A
S533
71)
www.
moz
illa.o
rg
AMAZ
ON
(AS1
4618
)
www.
netfl
ix.co
m
N/AAO
L (A
S166
8)
www.
enga
dget
.com
AKAM
AI (A
S209
40)
www.
irs.g
ov
www.
com
cast.
net
GOOGLE (AS15169)
www.
goog
le.se
www.
goog
le.co
m.b
d
www.
goog
le.co
m.ph
www.
goog
le.cz
www.
goog
le.ae
www.
apps
pot.c
om
www.blo
gspo
t.jp
www.go
ogle.
co.id
www.goog
le.co
.in
www.goog
le.co
m.ng
www.goog
le.ro
www.goog
le.nl
www.blogsp
ot.co.
uk
www.google.co.uk
www.google.co.th
www.youtube.co
m
www.google.com.sa
www.google.co.kr
www.google.dz
www.google.com.co
www.blogspot.com
www.google.com.brwww.google.co.ilwww.google.es
www.blogger.comwww.google.nowww.google.co.zawww.google.itwww.google.skwww.google.com.egwww.google.co.huwww.google.com.arwww.google.fr
www.google.cnwww.google.pl
www.google.com.sgwww.blogspot.ru
www.google.ie
www.google.at
www.google.pt
www.google.co.ve
www.blogspot.in
www.google.com.vn
www.google.ca
www.google.com.pe
www.google.de
www.google.ch
www.google.gr
www.blogspot.de
www.google.com.mx
www.google.az
www.google.fi
www.google.dk
www.google.com.my
RIPE
PROXAD (AS12322)
www.free.fr SEZNAM (AS43037)
www.seznam.cz
MARKTPLAATS (AS41552)
www.mobile.de VKONTAKTE (AS47541)
www.vk.com
Unidad (AS9052)
www.elmundo.es
www.marca.com
DTAG (AS3320)
www.t-online.deW
ANADOOPORTAILS (AS24600)
www.orange.fr
FACEBOOK (AS32934)
www.fbcdn.netwww.facebook.com
Orange (AS8891)
www.orange.fr
CLOUDFLARENET (AS13335)
www.youm7.com
LACNIC
CLOUDFLARENET (AS13335)
www.youm7.com
Universo (AS7162)
www.folha.uol.com.br
www.uol.com.br
IPv4 BGP cloud
IANA
APNIC
INFO
WEB
(AS2
510)
www.
nifty
.com
FKNE
T (A
S975
2)
www.
flipka
rt.co
m
BIGLO
BE (A
S251
8)
biglob
e.ne.j
p
CLOUDFLARENET (AS13335)www.yo
um7.com
AMAZON (AS16509)www.netflix.com
YHKR3 (AS38689)www.yahoo.com
CNNIC (AS45090) www.qq.com
ARIN
TERRA (AS40260)www.terra.com.br
AKAMAI (AS20940)
www.att.comwww.irs.govwww.usps.com
www.comcast.net
MOZILLA (AS36856)
www.mozilla.org
WIKIM
EDIA (AS14907)
www.wikimedia.org
www.wikipedia.org
www.
wikt
iona
ry.o
rg
AOL
(AS1
668)
www.
aol.c
om
RIPE
PROXA
D (A
S123
22)
www.
free.f
r
SEZNAM (AS43
037)
www.sezna
m.cz
VKONTAKTE (AS47541)
www.vk.com
MARKTPLAATS (AS41552)
www.mobile.de
Unidad (AS9052)
www.elmundo.es
www.marca.com
WANADOOPORTAILS (AS24600)
www.orange.fr
FACEBOOK (AS32934)
www.fbcdn.net
www.facebook.com
DTAG (AS3320)
www.t-online.de Orange (AS8891)
www.orange.fr
LACNIC
Universo (AS7162)
www.folha.uol.com.br
www.uol.com.br
IPv6 BGP cloud
▶ A Japanese probe running no IPv6 measurements to websites served by Google CDN.▶ Google used to perform AAAA prefix whitlisting [3].▶ Since World IPv6 Launch Day (2012), Google has changed this policy.
24 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Data Analysis | Google IPv6 Blacklist
http://googleipv6.vaibhavbajpai.com
▶ The whitelist has been replaced by a blacklist.▶ Eliminates the opt-in process; increases chances of reaching Google services over IPv6.
25 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Data Analysis | Google IPv6 Blacklist
CountryDistribution
JPJP :32.10%
CNCN :16.05%
TWTW :9.88%
BRBR :3.09%
DEDE :2.47%
IDID :2.47%
CA(US)CA(US) :2.47%
GBGB :1.85%
ININ :1.85%
SGSG :1.85%
OTHERSOTHERS:25.93%
Highcharts.com
▶ A large number of blacklisted resolvers originate from Japan.
▶ Around 58% of blacklisted resolvers in JP, CN, TW.
26 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Conclusion
▶ Websites cluster around CDN deployments and show similar performance.▶ CDN clusters are different over IPv4 and IPv6.▶ CDN caches are largely absent over IPv6.▶ TCP connect times to IPv6 CDN clusters have improved over time.▶ IPv6 services from www.bing.com have stopped globally since 2013.▶ Google CDN blacklists some resolvers over IPv6.
The tool is publicly released:http://happy.vaibhavbajpai.com
27 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
References
[1] J. Czyz, M. Allman, J. Zhang, S. Iekel-Johnson, E. Osterweil, and M. Bailey, ``Measuring ipv6 adoption,'' inProceedings of the 2014 ACM Conference on SIGCOMM, ser. SIGCOMM '14. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014,pp. 87--98. [Online]. Available: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2619239.2626295
[2] D. Thaler, R. Draves, A. Matsumoto, and T. Chown, ``Default Address Selection for Internet Protocol Version 6(IPv6),'' RFC 6724 (Proposed Standard), Internet Engineering Task Force, Sep. 2012. [Online]. Available:http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc6724.txt
[3] J. Livingood, ``Considerations for Transitioning Content to IPv6,'' RFC 6589 (Informational), InternetEngineering Task Force, Apr. 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc6589.txt
28 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Data Analysis | Residential Probes
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0SamKnows Probe: #02
GOOGLE (IPv6)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv6)
FACEBOOK (IPv6)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv6)
GOOGLE (IPv4)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv4)
FACEBOOK (IPv4)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv4)
101 102 103 1040.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F
101 102 103 104 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0SamKnows Probe: #04
GOOGLE (IPv6)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv6)
FACEBOOK (IPv6)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv6)
GOOGLE (IPv4)
FACEBOOK (IPv4)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv4)
101 102 1030.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F
101 102 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0SamKnows Probe: #11
GOOGLE (IPv6)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv6)
FACEBOOK (IPv6)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv6)
GOOGLE (IPv4)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv4)
FACEBOOK (IPv4)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv4)
100 101 102 1030.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F
100 101 102 103
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0SamKnows Probe: #12
GOOGLE (IPv6)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv6)
FACEBOOK (IPv6)
GOOGLE (IPv4)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv4)
FACEBOOK (IPv4)
101 102 1030.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F
101 102 103
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0SamKnows Probe: #13
GOOGLE (IPv6)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv6)
FACEBOOK (IPv6)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv6)
GOOGLE (IPv4)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv4)
FACEBOOK (IPv4)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv4)
101 102 103 1040.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F
101 102 103 104 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0SamKnows Probe: #17
GOOGLE (IPv6)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv6)
FACEBOOK (IPv6)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv6)
GOOGLE (IPv4)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv4)
FACEBOOK (IPv4)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv4)
101 102 1030.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F
101 102 1030.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0SamKnows Probe: #19
GOOGLE (IPv6)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv6)
FACEBOOK (IPv6)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv6)
GOOGLE (IPv4)
FACEBOOK (IPv4)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv4)
100 101 102 1030.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F
100 101 102
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0SamKnows Probe: #20
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv6)
FACEBOOK (IPv6)
GOOGLE (IPv4)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv4)
FACEBOOK (IPv4)
101 102 1030.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F
100 101 102 103
29 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Data Analysis | Research Networks + IXP
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0SamKnows Probe: #16
GOOGLE (IPv6)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv6)
FACEBOOK (IPv6)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv6)
GOOGLE (IPv4)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv4)
FACEBOOK (IPv4)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv4)
100 101 102 1030.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F
100 101 102 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0SamKnows Probe: #01
GOOGLE (IPv6)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv6)
FACEBOOK (IPv6)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv6)
GOOGLE (IPv4)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv4)
FACEBOOK (IPv4)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv4)
100 101 102 1030.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F
100 101 102 103 104
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0SamKnows Probe: #08
GOOGLE (IPv4)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv4)
FACEBOOK (IPv4)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv4)
10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-10.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F
100 101 102 103
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0SamKnows Probe: #15
GOOGLE (IPv6)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv6)
FACEBOOK (IPv6)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv6)
GOOGLE (IPv4)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv4)
FACEBOOK (IPv4)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv4)
100 101 102 1030.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F
100 101 102 103 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0SamKnows Probe: #18
GOOGLE (IPv6)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv6)
FACEBOOK (IPv6)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv6)
GOOGLE (IPv4)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv4)
FACEBOOK (IPv4)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv4)
100 101 102 1030.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F
100 101 102 103
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0SamKnows Probe: #14
GOOGLE (IPv6)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv6)
FACEBOOK (IPv6)
GOOGLE (IPv4)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv4)
FACEBOOK (IPv4)
100 101 102 1030.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F
101 102 103
30 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Data Analysis | Operator Labs
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0SamKnows Probe: #05
GOOGLE (IPv6)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv6)
FACEBOOK (IPv6)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv6)
GOOGLE (IPv4)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv4)
FACEBOOK (IPv4)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv4)
100 101 102 1030.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F
10-1 100 101 102 103
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0SamKnows Probe: #06
GOOGLE (IPv6)
FACEBOOK (IPv6)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv6)
GOOGLE (IPv4)
FACEBOOK (IPv4)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv4)
101 102 1030.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F
101 102 103
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0SamKnows Probe: #07
GOOGLE (IPv6)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv6)
FACEBOOK (IPv6)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv6)
GOOGLE (IPv4)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv4)
FACEBOOK (IPv4)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv4)
100 101 102 103 1040.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F
100 101 102 103 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0SamKnows Probe: #10
GOOGLE (IPv6)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv6)
FACEBOOK (IPv6)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv6)
GOOGLE (IPv4)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv4)
FACEBOOK (IPv4)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv4)
101 102 1030.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F
101 102 103
31 / 32
IPv4 versus IPv6 -Who connects
faster?
IntroductionMotivation
Research Question
Research Contributions
MethodologyMetrics
Selection of Websites
Measurement Setup
Measurement Trial
Data AnalysisTCP Connect Times
Website Clusters
Comparing by CDN
Special Cases
Conclusion
References
AppendixComparing by Network Type
Data Analysis | Business Lines
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0SamKnows Probe: #03
GOOGLE (IPv6)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv6)
FACEBOOK (IPv6)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv6)
GOOGLE (IPv4)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv4)
FACEBOOK (IPv4)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv4)
100 101 102 1030.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F
100 101 102 103 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
TCP connect time (msecs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0SamKnows Probe: #09
GOOGLE (IPv6)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv6)
FACEBOOK (IPv6)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv6)
GOOGLE (IPv4)
AKAMAI-ASN1 (IPv4)
FACEBOOK (IPv4)
WIKIMEDIA-EU (IPv4)
101 102 1030.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CD
F
101 102 103
32 / 32