IPST-MicroBOX Secondary Education Lab manual

IPST-MicroBOX [SE] Lab manual1

Lab manual

2IPST-MicroBOX [SE] Lab manual

Credits

IPST-SE and IPST-MicroBOX [SE] logo are trademarks of The Institute for the Promotion of

Teaching Science and Technology THAILAND

INEX, and INEX logo are trademarks of Innovative Experiment Co., Ltd.

AVR, Atmel, Atmel logo, AVR Studio are registered trademarks of Atmel Corporation.

WinAVR is trademark of SourceForge, Inc.

AVR-GCC is copyright of Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Arduino is an open source project supported by many. The Team is composed of Massimo

Banzi, David Cuartielles, Tom Igoe, Gianluca Martino, and David Mellis. Nicholas Zambetti

has contributed since the beginning. Yaniv Steiner and Giorgio Olivero have been supporting

the project and are working at using it with the Instant Soup platform. The Arduino platform

used to include the avr-gcc tool chain, uisp, and the Procyon AVR-LIB by Pascal Stang. The

Arduino language syntax is based on Wiring by Hernando Barragan. The Arduino environment

is based on Processing by Ben Fry and Casey Reas. Thanks to all the people who are supporting

arduino.

I2C is a registered trademark of NXP Semiconductors.

Microsoft, Windows are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation.

Windows 2K, Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows7 are registered trademarks of the

Microsoft Corporation.

Macintosh, MAC OSX are registered trademarks of the Apple computer.

All product and service names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners.


Contents

Chaptor 1 : Getting start with IPST-MicroBOX (SE)............................................................................5

Chaptor 2 : Introduction and part list of IPST-MicroBOX (SE).....................................................17

Chaptor 3 : Wiring IDE introduction.............................................................................................33

Chaptor 4 : Hardware experiment of IPST-SE controller board........................................................39

Chaptor 5 : IPST-MicroBOX [SE] library file.................................................................................57

Chaptor 6 : Using the color display of IPST-SE board....................................................................83

Chaptor 7 : LED controller..........................................................................................................105

Chaptor 8 : Multi-channel LED controller...................................................................................113

Chaptor 9 : Reading switch..........................................................................................................133

Chaptor 10 : Analog sensor......................................................................................................147


The programming development for the IPST-MicroBOX Secondary Education (SE) is the

process by outlining the diagram in figure 1-1. The suitable software tools are Arduino IDE1.0.5

and Wiring IDE 1.0 for IPST-MicroBOX [SE] version. Download from www.ipst-microbox.com.

This chapter will be focus and describes step by step for getting started the IPST-MicroBOX

[SE] kit by using the Arduino IDE 1.0.5.

Chapter 1

Getting start with

Preparation for programming

1. Open the Wiring or Arduino IDE 1.0 and createdthe new sketch2. Choose the hardware by selected menu Tools >Board > IPST-SE > ATmega644@16MHz3. Choose the serial port at menus Tools > Serialport > COMx

Create the C/C++ code and save as the sketch file.

Compile the sketch

Software installation- Wiring 1.0 or Arduino IDE 1.0

- USB driver for the IPST-SE board

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Check the interface port of computer

- Connect the miniB-USB cable betweencomputer's USB port and the IPST-SE board

- Open Control panel > System > Hardware >Device Manager > Ports. See the USB serialport (COMx)

- Record the USB serial port (COMx) and usethis port number for interfacing with the IPST-SE board

Upload the sketch

The IPST-SE board starts to run

Figure 1-1 : Programming development diagram of IPST-MicroBOX [SE]


1.1 Software and USB driver installation

1.1.1 Supported operating system

The software for the program development is Wiring Development Environment or

sometimes called Wiring IDE and it can work with these operating systems or platforms.

Mac OS X 10.4 or higher (both models using Powerpc and Intel CPU)

Windows XP, Windows Vista, 7 and 8 or higher

Linux, both Fedora Core and Debian (including Ubuntu as well)

Other platforms which support the operation of Java 1.4 up

1.1.2 Software installation

(1) Insert the CD Rom, come with the IPST-MicroBOX [SE]. Click the file named

Wiring1000_IPST_SE_140620.exe (the number of the installation file may be changeable)

and then the window of welcoming to the Wiring 1.0 setup will appear.

(2) Next, click to agree in each step of the setup as installation of other applications of

Windows until completion.


(3) Next, the USB driver installation wizard will be appear. Click on the Install button

to start the driver installation.

(4) Test to start the program by select START > All Programs > Wiring1.0 IPST-SE >

Wiring 1.0 IPST-SE. Then for a few moment, the window of Wiring IDE will be present.

After That you can use the Wiring IDE in the program development for IPST-MicroBOX

[SE].


1.2 IPST-SE : The main board of IPST-MicroBOX (SE)

Ther figure 1-2 shows the details of the IPST-SE; main controller board of the IPST-

MicroBOX [SE]. It consists of ATmega644P microcontroller chip and many input output

devices on-board such as Digial input/output port, Analog input, PWM output, DC motor

driver circuits, Servo motor driver ports and the graphic color LCD 128x160 dots for displaying

the text and graphic in color.

This board is programmed via USB port by using the Wiring IDE 1.0 software.

The IPST-SE controller board is an Arduino/Wiring compatible. It is preloaded with the

Arduino/Wiring bootloader. The Arduino 1.0 or Wiring 1.0 software is recommended.

1.3 Uploading the code

The procedure of sending the code to the IPST-SE board is called “Upload”

The first time of uploading the sketch has 2 steps include checking the interfaced port

between the IPST-SE with computer’s ISB port and setting the hardware for uploading.

Figure 1-2 : Layout of the IPST-SE board of the IPST-MicroBOX (SE)

27A3 30A6

29A526A2

28A425A1

24

A0

USB

D

9SDA 8SCL

12

13

14

15

SV0

SV1

SV2

SV3

126VG

136VG

146VG

156VG

21

DC M

OTO

R

3 TxD1

LOW+5

2 RxD1

UART1

SERVO

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RESET2019

18

17

16

KNOB

OK

SW1

ON


1.3.1 Checking the USB Serial port for the IPST-SE board

(1) Plug the USB cable connecting IPST-SE board with the USB port of the computer.

Turn on and wait for the blue LED at the position of USB on the circuit board is on as the

figure 1-3.

(2) Click the START button and go to the Control Panel.

(3) Then double-click the System

(4) Go to the tab of Hardware and click on the Device Manager button

27A3 30A6

29A526A2

28A425A1

24

A0

USB

D

9SDA 8SCL

12

13

14

15

SV0

SV1

SV2

SV3

126VG

136VG

146VG

156VG

21

DC M

OTO

R

3 TxD1

LOW+5

2 RxD1

UART1

SERVO

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RESET2019

18

17

16

KNOB

OK

SW1

ON

Turn onthe POWER switch

3

1

2

4

Plug the adaptor

Connect the USB cable

Wait until theUSB indicator is on

Figure1-3 : Preparation the IPST-SE board for getting start


(5) Check the hardware listing at Port. You should see USB Serial port . Check the

position. Normally it is COM3 or higher (for example; COM3). You must use this COM port

with the Wiring IDE software.

1.3.2 Connect the IPST-SE with Wiring IDE

(1) Open Wiring IDE. Wait for a while. The main window of Wiring IDE will appear.

(2) Choose the suitable hardware by select menu Tools > Board > IPST-SE >IPST-SE,

ATmega644P @16MHz


(3) Select menu Tools > Serial Port to choose the USB serial port of the IPST-SE. It is

COM3 (for example).

Must do this step for every new connection of the IPST-SE with Wiring IDE

Now the IPST-SE board is ready for interfacing and code development with the Wiring

IDE.

1.3.3 Getting start the programming

(1) Create the new sketch by clicking on the New button at tool bar or choose from

menu File > New

(2) Type the C/C++ code as follows :


#include <ipst.h> // include file for IPST-SE

void setup()

{

glcdClear(); // Clear screen

glcdMode(0); // Set the dsiplay mode 0

}

void loop()

{

setTextSize(2); // Set text size x2

setTextColor(GLCD_YELLOW); // Set text color as yellow

glcd(1,1,"Hello"); // Set message on line 1 column 1

setTextColor(GLCD_SKY); // Set text color as sky blue

glcd(3,1,"IPST"); // Set message on line 3 column 1

glcd(4,1,"MicroBOX"); // Set message on line 4 column 1

setTextSize(1); // Set text size as normal

glcd(10,2,"Secondary Education"); // Set message on line 10 column 2

}

This program is used to test the basic operation of the IPST-SE board. It displays some

message with different size and color on the GLCD.

(3) To menu File > Save As for saving the code as HelloIPST-SE. The HelloIPST-SE.pde

file is created in the HelloIPST-SE folder.


(4) Check the code syntax by clicking on the Run button at tool bar or select from

menu Sketch > Compile/Verify

If there is any error occurring from compilation, a warning message will be

appeared in the messsage area. Therefore, you will have to correct the program.

If all are correct, the message area will display Done compiling message.

After the compilation is finished, in the folder of HelloIPST-SE there will be a

new folder are in named HelloIPST-SE and within this folder it contains the source file of

C++ programming language and a supplementary file.


(5) Connect the IPST-SE board with USB port. Turn-on power. Wait until USB connection

is completely ( blue LED at USB is turned-on) .

(6) Click on the Upload to Wiring Hardware. Code uploading is started. Wait

until uploading complete. The message Done uploading. RESET to start the new program. is

shown in the status bar of Wiring IDE.

If there is error occurring from uploading, a warning message will be appeared

in the messsage area as follows

This mostly occurs if the serial port is invalid or not selected the board to work

in the program mode. Correction can be read in the topic of Troubleshooting of uploading

error.

(7) After uploading, the IPST-SE will run immediately following the performance.


1.4 Troubleshooting of uploading error.

1.4.1 In case that you have clicked the Upload buttonalready but no any action

Cause :

Wiring software cannot link with the IPST-SE board.

Solution :

(1) Check the USB ccable connection.

(2) Check the interfaced COM port.

(3) Check the selection hardware. Make sure to select the IPST-SE board.

(4) Press the Ctrl, Alt and Delete key simultaneously and then the Window Security

window will pop up. Next, click on Task Manager to choose. In some computers, the

program may lead to the Window Task manager window immediately, in this case, you

can choose the Processes tab and search for the file named avrdude.exe. Finally, click

on that file and the End Process button respectively.

Wiring IDE program will resume in a normal status and supply power to the

board again. Select the correct COM port and then set the IPST-SE board to the programming

mode in order to upload the program again.


1.4.2 In case if you click the Upload button, there is an error

message that not find any hardware for uploading

Cause :

Wiring software cannot connect with the IPST-SE board because selecting a COM port

is not correct.

Solution :

You need to choose an another COM port used for the connection again and correctly

by doing at the Tools > Serial port.

1.5 How to open the example sketch

Installation the Wiring softwarte also copy the many examples of sketch into the C:/

WiringIPST/Examples/IPST-SE folder for helping the beginner.

The openning the example sketch is easy. To menu Help > Example > IPST-SE. You

will see the many example folder. Enter the selected folder to selects the any .pde file. You

can edit, save as and upload the sketch anytime.

1.6 Terms of edit and save the sketch

In order to edit the original sketch. Need to open it, edit or modify the code. Check

syntax with the compilation. There is two ways to save files.

1. Save in same name with the Save command.

2. Save the new name with the Save As command, but do not overwrite existing files

that have not been opened. Because the file links will be confusion. If you want to overwrite

the original file is not open. Will need to delete the old file folders that out first.


IPST-MicroBOX (SE) is a set of general purpose programmable controller board that

works with a computer connected to uploading the code and data communication. This kit

contains the main controller board; IPST-SE, a set of input/output devices such as LED, digital

sensor and analog sensor. As a result, the user can use this set to learn, experiment and

develop scientific projects related to the automatic control system in a convenient and efficient.

For students and teachers; this kit comes with a comprehensive set of activities and

introducing sensors and microcontrollers using the well-popular Wiring and Arduino platform.

No soldering is required so the kit is perfectly safe for the classroom. The IPST-MicroBOX [SE]

kit comes with 2 versions :

1. Standard 1 : It includes the IPST-SE controller board that uses the ATmega644P

microcontroller and on-board color graphic LCD. It also includes simple sensors (touch sensors,

light sensor, variable resistor and temperature sensor), single LED output board, serial 8-LED

board, USB cable and DC adaptor. This version is most affordable for beginners.

2. Standard 2 . It also includes all components that are in the Standard 1 kit with

additional DC motor gearboxes, many mechanical parts that allow you to make an autonomous

robot. With the standard 2 version, it allows users to learn more about robotics in education

as well as competition.

Both version of IPST-MicroBOX [SE] also suitable for starting to learn the C/C++

programming language for basic embedded system and also for STEM education with

microcontroller.

Chapter 2

Introduction and part list of


2.1 Part list

Standard 1 :

1. IPST-SE controller board

2. ZX-LED : Single LED output board with JST3AA-8 cable x 3

3. LED 8 : Serial 8-LED outpu board with JST3AA-8 cable

4. ZX-SPEAKER : Piezo speaker board with JST3AA-8 cable

5. ZX-SWITCH01 : Switch input board or Touch sensor with JST3AA-8 cable x 2

6. ZX-LDR : Light sensor board with JST3AA-8 cable

7. ZX-POT : Variable resistor board with JST3AA-8 cable x 2

8. Temperature sensor with JST3AA-8 cable

9. DC adaptor +9V 1A

10. miniB-USB cable for uploading code and communication with computer

11. CD-ROM contains software and example code

12. Lab manual

13. Screwdriver


Standard 2 :

Includes all parts from Standard 1 and more items as follows :

14. ZX-03 : Infrared reflector sensor with JST3AA-8 cable x 2

15. DC motor gearbox BO-2 ratio 48:1 with IDC cable x 2

16. Circle wheel and tires x 2

17. 80 x 60 mm. and 80 x 80 mm. grid plate x 2

18. Circle base chasis with free wheel

19. Circle base plate for making robot chasis

20. Set of palstic joiners, Strip joiners and plastic standoffs

21. Set of metal standoffs, nuts and screws

22. 6-AA batter holder with barrel plug

23. Printed line tracking robot demo field

24. Plastic enclosure


2.2 IPST-SE controller board

IPST-SE is a controller board using the Atmel AVR microcontroller ATmega644P

(www.atmel.com). It is connected to the USB port directly for communication and upload the

running code. It is easy to use and very convenient . IPST-SE can be used with Arduino1.0 and

Wiring 1.0 development software. The IPST-SE controller board is a complete, low-cost

development platform designed for those interested in learning and using Arduino or Wiring

in microcontroller, robotic and STEM applications. Its compact size, convenient features, and

low price make it an ideal tool for the student and educator. Figure 2-1 shows the layout of

IPST-SE board.

This is technical features of IPST-SE board :

The main microcontroller is ATmega644P/PA of Atmel. It includes 64KB flash

memory (10,000 times erasable), 4KB of RAM and 2KB of EEPROM.

Run with 16MHz clock.

RESET switch

7-ch of Analog input with 10-bit A/D converter (A0 to A6). Support the analog

voltage 0 to +5V.

13 of Digital Input/Output. Share with I2C bus and UART1.

Upload with computer via USB port

128x160 dots color GLCD. It only supports line-art , color background and text

with 21 characters 16 lines (no support the image file).

2-ch of DC motor driver with LED indicator. Support 4.5 to 9V motor

4-ch of Servo motor outputs

1 of KNOB and OK switch for analog experiment (connected port 31/A7)

1 of Switch input on-board (connected port 22)

2 of power inputs ; DC adaptor jack and 2-pin terminal block for battery

Power switch and RESET switch available

All ports available with 3-pin of 2.00mm. header. (+5V, Signal and GND)

Requires +6 to 9V 500mA supply voltage in normal operation (no motor driving)

and/or at least 1500mA for robotics application.

+5V switching regualator on--board with polarity protection circuit

Low battery indicator

ISP connector for upgrading and recovery firmware (for manufacturer)


Figure 2-1 : Layout of the IPST-SE board of the IPST-MicroBOX (SE)

27

A3

30

A6

29

A5

26

A2

28

A4

25

A1

24 A0

USB

D

9SD

A8

SCL

12 13 14 15SV0SV1SV2SV3

12

6VG

13

6VG

14

6VG

15

6VG

21

DC MOTOR

3TxD

1

LOW

+5

2RxD

1

UART1

SERVO

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RESET

20

19

18

17

16

KN

OB

OK

SW

1

ON


2.3 Output device features

2.3.1 ZX-LED : Single LED output board

This module use 8mm. diameter LED. It requires logic “1” or “high” for driving LED.

The schematic diagram is shown in trhge figure 2-2

Figure 2-3 : The LED8 serial LED output board of the IPST-MicroBOX [SE]

Q1KRC102

(DTC114)

R1(Default = 510)

LED1

+

S

Figure 2-2 : Photo of ZX-LED and schematic diagram

2.3.2 LED8 : Serial 8-LED output board

The LED8 is a circuit board with 8 of 3mm. LED for displaying and the peripheral

output to be used to drive a relay by using optional relay driver board. The LED8 is connected

to one port of the IPST-SE controller board for control and extinguish the LED 8 bits. The look

of the circuit board shown in figure 2-3.


The LED8 is interfaced with the IPST-SE board in serial data communications. Developers

can program the LED8 operation to blink from 1 to 8 or be programmed to function as running

lights from 1 to 8 bulbs as well.

At the top of the LED8 board have the 3-pin of JST connector. They are connected and

shared from LEDs. They activate with the logic "1". DC voltage output is +5V. User can use

the output from this point to connect with the extenal high power load driver board such as

relay driver board for controlling without more programing code.

2.3.3 ZX-SPEAKER : Piezo speaker board

The schematic diagram is shown in figure 2-4. There is technical features as follow :

32 Peizo speaker

Resonant frequency 1kHz to 3kHz

Figure 2-4 : Photo and schematic diagram of ZX-SPEAKER

C110/16V

SP1Piezo

speaker

S+

K1SOUND


2.4.2 ZX-LDR : Light sensor

Detect the ambient light. There is 2 outputs :

+ Output voltage increase when detect the light

Output voltage decrease when detect the light

Module and schematic of ZX-LDR are shown in the figure 2-6.

DATAR3220

R210k

R1510

LED1

S1Switch

Indicator

Signal output

GND

+V

Outs logic "1" when switchis released and LED is off.Z

X-S

WIT

CH

01 D Outs logic "0" when switch

is pressed and LED is on.

2.4 Sensor module features

2.4.1 Switch module/Touch sensor

The switch input is used to detect collision at logic "0". Two sets along with the

connecting cable are provided.

The pressed operation is driving logic "0" to output pin and LED is on. If not press, the

output pin as logic "1" and LED is off.

A ZX-LDR

10k

LDR

+

+

+S

+S

LDRLight

A

HIGH output :Detect more light; outputvoltage is increased.

++ LOW output :

Detect more light; outputvoltage is decreased.

Figure 2-5 : Photo and schematic diagram of ZX-SWITCH01 touch sensor/

switch module

Figure 2-6 : Photo and schematic diagram of ZX-LDR Light sensor


2.4.3 ZX-POT : Variable resistor module

It is the circuit module for applying voltage 0 to +5V following rotate the shaft. It can

be used to measure the angle and distance. There is 2 kinds of output. One for increasing

voltage when clockwise turning. Another one for decresing voltage when anticlockwise turning.

Circuit and layout of the ZX-POT are shown in Figure 2-7.

Output voltage isincreased when turnanti-clockwise direction

A

POTENTIOMETER

Output voltage isincreased when turnclockwise direction

A ZX-POTV

10kB

+

S

+

S

2.4.4 Temperature sensor : MCP9701

MCP9701 is temperature sensor integrated circuit. It can detect and measure the ambient

temperature. Output is Dc voltage in linear. Recognized the change of temperature in less

than 2 seconds. Connect this sensor to the analog input A0 to A6 of IPST-SE board. Figure 2-8

shows the pin and the graph of IC temperature sensor; MCP9701.

Figure 2-7 : Photo and schematic diagram of ZX-POT Variable resistor module

Figure 2-8 : Pin assignment, photo and characreristic graph of MCP9701

Temperature sensor IC.


Technical features of MCP9701 temperature sensor are as follows :

Tiny Analog Temperature Sensor

Wide Temperature Measurement Range: -40oC to +125oC

Accuracy: ±2oC average

Output voltage/Temperature ratio 19.5mV/oC

Wide Operating Voltage Range +3.1V to +5.5V

No external compensated device require

2.4.5 ZX-03 : Infrared reflector sensor (only for Standard 2)

Circuit and layout of the ZX-03 sensor are shown in Figure 2-9. It is used to detect the

reflected infrared light. It includes a infrared LED and photo-transistor in the same chassis.

The heart of this sensor is TCRT5000. It is designed for close proximity infrared (IR)

detection. There’s an infrared diode behind its transparent blue window and an infrared transistor

behind its black window. When the infrared emitted by the diode reflects off a surface and

returns to the black window, it strikes the infrared transistor’s base, causing it to conduct current.

The more infrared incident on the transistor’s base, the more current it conducts.

When used as an analog sensor, the ZX-03 can detect shades of gray on paper and

distances over a short range if the light in the room remains constant.

The suitable distance from sensor to line or floor is during 3 to 8mm. The output

voltage is during 0.1 to 4.8V and digital value from10-bit A/D converter is 20 to 1,000. Thus,

ZX-03 will suitable to apply to line tracking sensor.

So to use the IPST-SE board must be connected to the analog inputs (A0 to A6) of the

IPST-SE board. Then, using knowledge from reading the analog signal to read values from this

sensor for applying to make the Line tracking robot.

10k

TCRT5000

510

+V

GND

OUT

Infrared Reflector

Signal connector

Figure 2-9 : Photo and schematic diagram of ZX-03 Infrared reflector sensor


2.5 Mechnical part features of IPST-MicroBOX [SE]Standard 2

2.5.1 DC motor gearbox

This kit provides 48:1 ratio DC motor gearbox; model BO-2 with IDC connector cable.

Features include :

Operating voltage is +3 to +9Vdc

Current consumption 130mA @ +6Vdc and no load)

Average speed 170 to 250 round per minute (RPM) @ +6V and no load

Weight is 30 grams

Minimum torque is 0.5 kg.cm.

Attached with the plastic mounting with 5 of insert nuts

42 x 45 x 22.7 mm. (WxLxH) dimension

2.5.2 Circle wheel and Tire set

Includes 2 pairs of the suitable circle wheel for BO-2 DC motor gearbox and tread

rubber tire. Fix the wheel with gearbox shaft by 2mm. self-tapping screws


2.5.3 Plastic grid plate set

Includes each of the universal plastic grid palte 2 sizes; 80x60mm. and 80x80mm.

Each plate provides 3mm. diameter holes with 5mm. pitch.

2.5.4 Circle base

This base is injected from high quality ABS plastic. Diameter is 250mm. The base has

a diameter of 3 mm for installation or construction of additional mechanisms. There is 2

types. One is base that attache 2 free ball wheels at both sides. Another one is simple base

without any free wheel.

2.5.5 Plastic joiners

There is 30 pieces of varied color joiners made from PVC plastic. They can be connected

together or by using screws and 3 mm nuts in installation. There are 3 types; Right angle,

Obtuse and Straight joiner.


2.5.6 Strip joiners

They are made from plastic. Each joiner has 3mm. hole 5mm. pitch. Each joiner can

connect for lenght expansion. They are 4 pieces of 3 sizes; 3, 5 and 12 holes type. Total 12

pieces.

2.5.7 Screw and Nut set

Includes 4 of 3mm. thump-wheel screw, 2 of 2mm. self-tapping screws, 4 of 3x8mm.

M3 screws, 30 of 3x10mm. M3 screws, 4 of 3x15 mm. M3 screws, 4 of 3x40mm. M3 screws,

10 of 3x8mm. flat-head screws and 30 of 3mm. M3 nuts.

2.5.8 Metal standoffs

They are metal parts for supporting the plate and sensor board. They are made from

nikle plating metal. Includes 6 of 32mm. metal hexagonal spacers. Each standoff has 3mm.

thread through-hole.

2.5.9 Plastic standoffs

They are some mechanical parts for supporting the plate and sensor board. This kit

includes 4 pieces set of plastic spacer (3mm., 10mm., 15mm. and 25mm.) 4 sets


2.5.10 6-AA battery holder

This battery holder is used to contain AA size battery 6 pieces. It includes wires with

barrel plug for plugging into the DC adaptor jack on the IPST-SE board.

2.5.11 9V 2A DC adaptor

The IPST-MicroBOX [SE] kit all versions includes +9V 2A adaptor. It is DC switching

regulator. It can operated with 110V/220Vac system.


2.6 IPST-MicroBOX [SE] cable information

The IPST-MicroBOX [SE] kit includes some signal cables for the interfacing between

the controller board, sensor module and the computer. They includes the JST3AA-8 cables for

interconnection to the sensor module and the standard USB-miniB cable for interfacing with

the computer.

1.6.1 JST3AA-8 cable

This is standard cable, 3-wires combined with 2mm. The JST connector is at each end.

8 inches (20cm.) in length. Used for connecting between microcontroller board and all the

sensor modules in the IPST-MicroBOX [SE] kit. The wire assignment is shown in the diagram

below.

2mm. pitch

GNDS

+5V

2mm. pitchGND

S/Data

+5V

2.6.2 Standard USB-miniB cable

This is used to connect between the computer’s USB port and the IPST-SE controller

board. Its length is 1.5 metres approximation.


This chapter presents preliminary information of Wiring, which is the software tool for

developing the operation of IPST-SE controller board. For the details of program structure of C/

C++ language Wiring supports, you can read in the Wiring IDE help.

Wiring IDE consist of two important parts which are text editor and C/C++ compiler.

There are many tools and command buttons to help the program development as appeared in

the figure 3-1.

Chapter 3

Wiring IDE Introduction

Figure 3-1 : Main window of Wiring IDE software used in the program

development


3.1 Menu bar

Including File, Edit, Sketch, Tools and Help menu, will affect work files doing at the

present only.

3.1.1 File

New (Ctrl+N) : Create new files. This is called sketch in Wiring and given name following

the recent date in the format sketch_YYMMDDa, such as sketch_080407a or click the button

on the tool bar.

Open (Ctrl+O) : Open the exist sketch file or click on the button .

Close (Ctrl+W) : Choose to close the sketch file.

Save (Ctrl+S) : Save the open sketch file in the old name and work similarly to click the

button on the tool bar.

Save as…(Ctrl+Shift+O) : Save the open sketch file in the new name and the old file

will not disappear.

Upload to Wiring hardware (Ctrl+U) : Exports the program to the Wiring I/O Board

(inthis document is the IPST-SE controller board). After the files are exported, the directory

containing the exported files is opened. There is more information about uploading below. It

works in the same way as click the button on the tool bar.

Preference : Customize the operation of Wiring IDE

Quit (Ctrl+Q) : Quit the Wiring program and close all windows of Wiring program.


3.1.2 Edit

The menu contains commands used to edit the sketch file that develops on the Wiring IDE.

Undo (Ctrl+Z) : cancel the previous action of a command or the lastest typing. You

can cancel Undo command by click Edit > Redo.

Redo (Ctrl+Y) : To return to make a statement made before the Undo command is

available only when done Undo already.

Cut (Ctrl+X) : Delete and copy the selected text to store at the clipboard, which functions

as the temporary memory unit to preserve information.

Paste (Ctrl+V) : Place the data in the clipboard on the desired position or replace the

selected text.

Select All (Ctrl+A) : Select all letters or text in the open file in the text editor at that time.

Find (Ctrl+F) : Search for any text in the open file in the text editor. In addition, it is also

able to find and replace another text.

Find Next (Ctrl+G) : Find text or words we use to search for the next one within the

open file in the text editor.


3.1.3 Sketch

Sketch menu is a command menu relating to compile a sketch file.

Verify/Compile (Ctrl+R) : It is a command of program compilation and its function is

similar to pressing the button on the tool bar.

Import Library : Open the included library of Wiring.

Show Sketch Folder : Show the folder of the current sketch file.

Add File: Add the required program file to the sketch file.

3.1.4 Tools

Tools menu is a command menu relating to selection of tools helped to develop a

program. Important commands you should know are as follows.

Auto Format : Try to format program code in the completed form.

Serial Monitor : Open the serial data terminal.

Board : Choose the interfaced hardwarere with the Wiring 1.0.

Serial Port : Choose the interfaced port of the Wiring I/O hardware.


3.1.5 Help

Getting Started : Open the window about the using Wiring of the Wiring website.

Examples : Open a sketch file of an example program.

Reference : Open Reference window of the Wiring website. It consists of language,

programming environment, libraries, and language comparison. You have to connect with the

internet if you would like to see the information.

Find in Reference (Ctrl+Shift+F) : Choose text in your program code. Here you will

drag black bar and click on it. The program will take the text you have chosen to find in

reference and if it cannot find anything, there will be a warning message in the window of the

program.

Wiring Hardware : Browse the information of Wiring I/O hardware via internet.

Troubleshooting : Open the window about solutions in performance of the Wiring of

the Wiring website.

Visit wiring.org.co (Ctrl+5) : Open the web browser to visit the homepage of Wiring at

http://wiring.org.co.

About Wiring : Show the copyright on the Wiring software


3.2 Toolbar

There are six buttons of basic functions and initial operation as follows.

Run or Compile : This button is used to compile the program code.

New : This button is used to create a sketch file.

Open : Open the exist sketch file

Save : Save the open sketch file in the old name. If would like to change

filename, use Save As command instead.

Upload to Wiring hardware : Exports the program to the IPST-SE controller

board). This procedure is called UPLOAD.

Serial monitor : opens the serial data communication between the Wiring

I/O hardware and the monitor of Wiring IDE through serial ports (or COM port) to check the

information sent back from Wiring I/O hardware (here it is IPST-SE controller board, which is

very useful for the detection of the program’s operation).

3.3 Serial monitor

Wiring IDE has a Serial monitor. It is a serial data communication tool. User can transmit,

receive and show the serial data via this monitor with USB serial port of computer. In the

developed sketch code, must put two imporatant commnands as follows :

1. Serial.begin() : Set the baud rate of serial data communication. Normally the baud

rate value is 9600 bit per second. Must add this command into Setup() of sketchbook.

2. Serial.println() : Assign the sending message to Serial monitor on the Wiring IDE.

Openning the Serial monitor is very easy. Click on the button at Toolbar. The

Serial monitor window is appeared following the figure below.


This chapter presents examples of the hardware experiment with the IPST-SE controller

board of the IPST-MicroBOX [SE] kit. There are 4 main activities as follows.

Activity 1 : Shows message on the display of the IPST-SE board (5 sub-activities)

Activity 2 : Reading KNOB button and OK switch of the IPST-SE board

Activity 3 : Control the simple output devices

Activity 4 : Sound activity

The procedure of development of each activity is the same. That is open Wiring1.0

software, create the sketch, compiled and uploaded onto the IPST-SE board. Finally, test the

running program.

The important thing to emphasize is every time you turn on the power to the IPST-SE

board. Wait for the controller to ready first. It takes about 3 to 5 seconds after turning on the

power or after pressing the RESET switch. If it is uploaded before it IPST-SE board ready, The

work may cause an error in the connection or the uploaded code does not work as it should

be. It will not damage the controller board. It just the board does not work or work not

properly.

Chapter 4

Hardware experiment of IPST-SEcontroller board


Activity 1 : Shows message on the display of theIPST-SE board

Activity 1-1 Hello World

(A1.1.1) Open the Wiring 1.0 IPST-SE software.Create the new sketch file. Type the code

following the Listing A1-1. then save as the sketch.

(A1.1.2) Apply the supply voltage to the IPST-SE board and turn on power. Connect the USB

cable between IPST-SE board and computer.

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000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

RESET2019

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KNOB

OK

SW1

ON


3

1

2

4

Plug the adaptor



(A1.1.3) Choose the hardware at menu Tools > Board > IPST-SE > ATmega644P @16MHz


(A1.1.4) Choose the interfaced port at menu Tools > Serial Port (Number of interfaced port

may be different depend on each computer)

(A1.1.5) Compile and upload the sketch to IPST-SE board by clicking on the button or

choose at menu File > Upload to Wiring Hardware

At the IPST-SE screen, the message Hello World will be displayed.

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00000000

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000000000000000000000

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000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

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OK

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Hello0 rld00Wo

#include <ipst.h> // Incldue IPST-SE libraryvoid setup(){ glcd(1,0,"Hello World"); // Send message to display}void loop(){}

Code description

This code will send the messge ; Hello World to display at the line 1 column 0 of

GLCD screen. It works at once because the code is contained in void setup() bracket only.

Listing A1-1 : HelloGLCD.pde; the sketch file for sending message to display

on the GLCD scrren of the IPST-SE board


Activity 1-2 Multipleline display

The GLCD screen of IPST-SE board size is 128 x 160 dots. Show the character with 5 x

7 dots resolution by 21 charactes 16 lines. Developer can define the position of each line and

column on the screen by using glcd function of the ipst.h library file.

Additionally, glcd function provides the special characters for setting the display position

insteadto use the position number. It will be show in the Listing A1-2.



#include <ipst.h> // Include IPST-SE libraryint i,j;void setup(){

glcdFillScreen(GLCD_WHITE); // Set background color as whitesetTextColor(GLCD_BLACK); // Set text color as blacksetTextBackgroundColor(GLCD_WHITE); // Set text background as whitefor (i=0;i<16;i++) // Loop 16 times for displaying messages

{glcd(i,i,"Row %d ",i); // Display messages on the screen

}}void loop(){}

Code description

This sketch add 3 functions of GLCD displaying as follows :

1. glcdFillScreen - Set the screen background color function

2. setTextColor - Set the text color function

3. setTextBackground - Set the text background color function

After screen setting already, the sketch will send the Row message following line number

that get from increase the value of i variable and also shift the position by using i variable

value.

Thus, firt line will be displayed Row0 message at column 0. Next on the line 2 will

show Row1 message respcetively untill line 15. It will be show Row 15 message at the

column 15

Listing A1-2 : GLCDmultipleline.pde; the sketch file for sending message to

display on the GLCD screen of the IPST-SE board in multiline process.


(A1.2.2) Apply the supply voltage to the IPST-SE baord and turn on power. Connect the USB




At the IPST-SE screen, it shows Row0 to Row15 message on each line respectively.

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00000000

0Row01000000000000000

00Row0200000000000000

000Row030000000000000

0000Row04000000000000

00000Row0500000000000

000000R00060000000000

0000000R0007000000000

00000000Row0800000000

000000000Row090000000

0000000000Row01000000

00000000000Row0110000

000000000000Row012000

0000000000000Row01300

00000000000000Row0140

000000000000000Row015

RESET2019

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OK

SW1

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Rowl00 rld00Wo


Activity 1-3 Fun with size and rotation text on GLCD

Font size displayed on the GLCD screen of the IPST-SE board when it starts is the smallest.

The number of dots per character is 6 x 10 dots (the actual font size is 5 x 7 dots). To adjust the

font size, use setTextSize() function. The value size in () is time of the default size. For example

:

setTextSize(2) is set text size to 2 times of the default size. The number of dots

per character is 12 x 20 dots.

setTextSize(3) is set text size to 3 times of the default size. The number of dots

per character is 18 x 30 dots.

When adjusting the font size is larger. Number of characters per line was reduced

from 21 characters 16 lines. Afdter set the text size 2 times, it will display 10 characters 8

lines. This is important factor that all programmers have to concentrate.

In addition to setting the font size, programmer can rotate the displaying by using the

function glcdMode (). The default mode is 0 (glcdMode (0)) is displayed vertically. For another

3 modes 1, 2 and 3, rotate the displaying 90 degrees each. That is from 0 to 90 degrees (mode

1), 90 to 180 degress (mode 2) and 180 to 270 degrees (mode 3).

#include <ipst.h>int x,m;void setup(){

//glcdSetColorWordRGB(); // Enable this function if displaying color// of GLCD incorrect

setTextColor(GLCD_RED); // Set text color as red}void loop(){

for (x=1;x<6;x++){

setTextSize(x); // Set text sizefor(m=0;m<4;m++){

glcdClear(); // Clear screenglcdMode(m); // Set rotation of displayglcd(0,0,"%dX",x); // Show text sizeglcd(1,0,"M=%d",m); // Show rotation mode numbersleep(500);

}}

}

Listing A1-3 : GLCDtextFlip.pde; the sketch file for trsting about setting text

size and rotation display direction of GLCD screen of the IPST-SE board








IPST-SE display shows the number of text size and number of display mode. Starts from

the upper left, upper right, lower right and lower left corner. Surrounding the display starts

from 1X, 2X, 3X, 4X and 5X each with 4 display direction by the M value.

M = 0; display in vertical M = 1; rotate displaying to 90o

Text size is 3 times (3X) Text size is 4 times (4X)

M = 2; rotate displaying to 180o M = 3; rotate displaying to 270o

Text size is 4 times (4X) Text size is 5 times (5X)


Activity 1-4 : Simple graphic displaying

The glcd() function is main function for GLCD screen of IPST-SE board operation. Except

showing text messages, this function also support more commands for drawing lines and

simple geometry shape. Includes :

glcdRect(int x1,int y1,int width,int height,uint color) is function to draw a rectangle

shape.

glcdFillRect(int x1,int y1,int width,int height,uint color) is function to create a solid

rectangle shape.

glcdLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2,uint color) is function to draw the line.

glcdCircle(int x, int y, int radius,uint color) is function to draw a circle.

glcdFillCircle(int x, int y, int radius,uint color) is function to create a solid circle

shape.

glcdClear(uint color) is clear display function.

The testing program is shown in the Listing A1-4. Create the sketch, compile and upload

to the IPST-SE board. The result is as follows :

If the color of the display is not correct, may be due to the version of the GLCD

monitor. This GLCD monitor has 2 versions that different data setting. The solution is remove

// symbol from the glcdSetColorWordRGB (); function in setup(); . It will be change the color

data setting.


#include <ipst.h> // Include IPST-SE library

int i,j;

void setup()

{

//glcdSetColorWordRGB(); // Enable this function if displaying color// incorrect

}

void loop()

{

glcdClear; // Clear screen and set background to black

sleep(300);

for (i=0;i<160;i+=4)

{

glcdLine(0,0,128,i,GLCD_WHITE); // Draw the white line from 0,0// coordinate to target

}

for (i=0;i<128;i+=4)

{

glcdLine(0,0,i,160,GLCD_RED); // Draw the red line from 0,0// coordinate to target

}

sleep(2000);

glcdRect(32,40,64,80,GLCD_BLUE); // Draw the blue rectangle layout

sleep(300);

glcdFillCircle(32,40,31,GLCD_GREEN); // Create the solid green circle

glcdFillCircle(96,40,31,GLCD_YELLOW); // Create the solid yellow circle

glcdFillCircle(32,120,31,GLCD_MAGENTA); // Create the solid margenta circle

glcdFillCircle(96,120,31,GLCD_SKY); // Create the solid light blue circle

sleep(1000);

glcdCircle(64,40,31,GLCD_GREEN); // Draw the green circumference

glcdCircle(32,80,31,GLCD_BLUE); // Draw the blue circumference

glcdCircle(64,120,31,GLCD_YELLOW); // Draw the yellow circumference

glcdCircle(96,80,31,GLCD_SKY); // Draw the light blue circumference

sleep(1000);

glcdFillRect(0,0,128,160,GLCD_YELLOW); // Create the solid yellow rectangle

sleep(1000);

}

Listing A1-4 : GLCDsimpleGraphic.pde; the sketch file for demonstration of

simple graphic displaying of the IPST-SE board


Activity 1-5 : Draw the curve

Except the circles and rectangle, the curve is a key component in creating graphics. In

glcd function also provides a function to create the curve. It is glcdArc(). The parameter that

must be reasonable. See more detail in chapter of the GLCD library.

(A1.5.1) Open the Wiring 1.0 IPST-SE software. Create the new sketch file. Type the code






#include <ipst.h>

int i;

// Smiley face graphic function

void face(){

glcdFillCircle(64,70,50,GLCD_WHITE);

glcdArc(48,60,16,30,150,GLCD_RED);

glcdCircle(48,55,5,GLCD_BLUE);

glcdCircle(80,55,5,GLCD_BLUE);


glcdFillCircle(64,70,7,GLCD_YELLOW);



}void setup(){


}void loop(){

for(i=0;i<4;i++){

glcdClear();

glcdMode(i); // Rotate displaying

face();

sleep(1000);

}

}

Listing A1-5 : GLCDarcTest.pde; the sketch file for demonstration of creating

the curve on GLCD screen of the IPST-SE board


(A1.5.4) Run the sketch. See the IPST-SE board operation.

The display shows a smiley face for 1 second and turn it each 90 degrees respectively

and then loop back to the start page. The display will go all the time.


Activity 2 : Reading KNOB button and OK switchof the IPST-SE board

Normal automatic control system must be configured with a switch in user interface

hardware. The IPST-SE board also provides the user interface hardware as well. It contains

KNOB button, OK switch and SW1 switch.

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00000000

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Hello0 rld00Wo

KNOB button, OK andSW1 switch are the userinterface hardware of theIPST-SE board

(A2.1) Create the new sketch with Listing A2-1 and save as to KnobSwitchTest.pde.

(A2.2) Compile and upload to the IPST-SE board then run the sketch.

IPST-SE monitor shows below message :

Press OK (text size 2x)

(A2.3) Press the OK switch to continue.

GLCD monitor shows a yellow circle 1 second then show message :

Knob value (text size 2x)

XXXX (text size larger to 3x)

therefore; xxxx value is 94 to 1023

(A2.4) Adjust the KNOB button on the IPST-SE board.

Knob’s value at the screen is changed following adjustment at KNOB button.

(A2.5) Press the OK switch and release.

GLCD shows the solid green circle 1 second then shows message and KNOB value.

(A2.6) Finally, press the SW1 switch and release.

GLCD shows the solid red circle 1 second then shows message and KNOB value.


#include <ipst.h> // Include the main library

void setup(){


glcdClear(); // Clear screen and set black backgound

setTextSize(2); // Set text size as 2x

glcd(1,1,"Press OK"); // Show entry essage

sw_OK_press(); // Loop for pressing the OK switch


glcdFillCircle(64,70,50,GLCD_YELLOW); // Draw the solid yellow circle

delay(1000); // Show graphic 1 second


}

void loop()

{if (sw_OK()) // Check the OK switch pressed{


glcdFillCircle(64,70,50,GLCD_GREEN);// Draw the solid green circle



}

if(sw1()) // Check the SW1 switch pressed

{

glcdClear(); // Clear screen and set black backgoundglcdFillCircle(64,70,50,GLCD_RED); // Draw the solid red circle


glcdClear(); // Clear screen and set black backgound}

glcd(1,0,"Knob value"); // Show message


glcd(2,2,"%d ",knob()); // Show the value of KNOB button


}

Listing A2-1 : KnobSwitchTest.pde; the sketch for demonstration about reading

the value of KNOB button, OK and SW1 switch on the IPST-SE board


Activity 3 : Control the simple output devices

The library file ipst.h provides out (int num, int _dat) function for sending a logic "0" or

"1" to the microcontrolle’s digital output pin. It helps the IPST-SE to to drive the output device

easier. The simplest example device is LED.

In this activity, connect the ZX-LED board to IPST-SE board at any pin. LED on ZX-LED

board will be on when receive the logic "1" and off when receive the logic "0"

(A3.1) Connect the first ZX-LED board to pin 17 and second one to pin 18.

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00000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

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Hello0 rld00Wo

KRC102

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connect with JST3AA-8cable



void setup()

{setTextSize(2); // Set text size as 2x

glcd(1,1,"Press OK"); // Show the title message

sw_ok_press(); // Loop for pressing the OK switch

}

void loop()

{

out(17,1); // LED at pin 17 is on

out(18,0); // LED at pin 18 is off

sleep(400);

out(17,0); // LED at pin 17 is off

out(18,1); // LED at pin 18 is on

sleep(400);

}

(A3.2) Create the new sketch with Listing A3-1 and save as LEDTest.pde file.

(A3.3) Apply the supply voltage to the IPST-SE board and turn on power. Connect the USB

cable between IPST-SE board and computer. Compile and upload to the IPST-SE board then

run the sketch.

(A3.4) Observe the operation of both ZX-LED board.

The IPST-SE monitor shows the title message :

Press OK

Press the OK switch to start. LED of both ZX-LED boards on and off alternately

continuous.

Listing A3-1 : LEDTest.pde; the sketch for demonstration about simple driving

the output devices of the IPST-SE board


Activity 4 : Sound activity

IPST-MicroBOX [SE] kit provides the sound output device. It is ZX-

SPEAKER. It uses a small piezo speaker. The speaker’s resonance frequency is

range of about 300 to 3,000Hz. For programming to drive this device, use

beep () and sound () function.

Listing A4-1 is example about how to use beep() function to drive “beep”

signal with fix frequency every 1 second.

Listing A4-2 is example about how to use sound() function to drive the sound at any

frequency in defined period.

(A4.1) Connect the ZX-SPEAKER to pin 19 of the IPST-SE board.

SPEAKER O

+ S

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S

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Hello0 rld00Wo

(A4.2) Create the new sketch with Listing A4-1 and save as BeepTest.pde file.

(A4.3) Apply the supply voltage to the IPST-SE board and turn on power. Connect the USB

cable between IPST-SE board and computer. Compile and upload to the IPST-SE board.



void setup()

{}

void loop()

{

sound(19,500,500); // Generate the 500Hz signal to pin 19 in 0.5 second

sound(19,2500,500); // Generate the 2500Hz signal to pin 19 in 0.5 second

}


void setup()

{}

void loop()

{

beep(19); // Generate the “beep” signal to pin 19

sleep(1000);

}

(A4.4) Run the sketch. Observe the operation of ZX-SPEAKER board.

To hear "beep" sound in every 1 second from the speaker of the ZX-SPEAKER.

(A4.5)Create the new sketch with Listing A4-2 and save as SoundTest.pde file. Compile and

upload to the IPST-SE board again.

(A4.6) Run the sketch. Observe the operation of ZX-SPEAKER board.

To hear sound 2 frequencies alternately continuous from the ZX-SPEAKER.

Listing A4-1 : BeepTest.pde; the sketch for demonstration about generate the

beep signal of the IPST-SE board

Listing A4-2 : SoundTest.pde; the sketch for demonstration about generate

the sound with any frequency of the IPST-SE board


The development of C/C++ language programming for the IPST-MicroBOX [SE] is

performed under the support of library file; ipst.h. It helps to reduce the complexity of

programming to control the hardware.

The sturcture of the ipst.h library file is shown below.

Chapter 5

library file

ipst.h library

Color Graphic LCD

TB6612FNG

M

M

Servo motor

ZX-SPEAKER

DC motor driver

Analog sensors

16-ch. Serialservo motorcontroller

XBEE

Bluetooth

Serial MonitorWiring/Arduino IDE ZX-LED

ZX-SWITCH01

LED8 board


5.1 ipst.h library

To run the instructions for IPST-MicroBOX [SE] program development; developers have

to include ipst.h mainly library file at the beginning of the C/C++ code with this command

:

#include <ipst.h>

to declare the compiler know all statements of the ipst.h library.

The ipst.h library consist of many sub-library. Includes :

ipst_glcd.h contains the functions and statements of the display message, number

and line art graphic on the color graphic LCD of IPST-SE board (not support the image file).

ipst_sleep.h contains the function and statements of delayed time.

ipst_in_out.h contains the functions and statements of reading digital input port and

sending digital data to digital output port.

ipst_analog.h contains the functions and statements of reading analog input. Also

included KNOB button and OK switch value.

ipst_sound.h contains the functions and statements of sound generation.

ipst_motor.h contains the functions and statements of DC motor driving.

ipst_servoMotor.h contains the functions and statements of servo motor control.

This library work with fixed microcontroller port.

ipst_serial.h contains the functions and statements of serial data communication via

USB and TxD1/RxD1 of the IPST-SE controller board.

ipst_led8.h contains the functions and statements of interfacing with the LED8

board to control the LED operations.


5.2 Built-in library of Wiring1.0

Wiring1.0 IDE includes many library file to support the interfacing with special function

devices and any kind of sensors. It includes :

1. EEPROM.h - This library helps to manage the main micrcontroller’s EEPROM.

2. LiquidCrystal.h - It is character LCD interfacing library.

3. Encoder.h - It is special library for encoder circuit. Requires the specific device.

4. Wire.h - It is library of serial communication on 2-wires or I2C bus.

5. Matrix.h - This is dot-matrix LED library. Requires the specific device.

6. Sprite.h - This is custom library for making the animation on LED dot-matrix.

Requires the specific device.

7. SoftwareSerial.h - This is one of important library to extends the serial

communication port of the main microcontroller by using any digital port.

8. Stepper.h - It is library for interfacing with the external stepper motor driver

circuit. Requires the specific device.

9 . OneWire.h - It is optional library for interfacing with 1-wire serial

communication bus.

In learning to use the IPST-SE board will be used the Wiring built-in library and ipst.h

library together. To helps the program development for maximum efficiency and easiset to

understand for learners in a wide range.

5.3 How to execute the ipst.h library and sub-library

There is 2 method for executing the ipst.h library and all sub-libraries.

1. Execute a whole library files by using command #include <ipst.h>. This method

is easiest. But it requires more memory space to contains all instructions and related variables.

2. Excute only the used sub-library by using command #include <ipst_xxxx.h>. The

xxxx letters are the name of any sub-library of ipst.h. See detais in topic 5.1 of this chapter.

This method has the advantage of reduce the size of the sketch. Because run-down due to a

function or set of instructions as needed.


5.4 Library description

This topic describes all sub-libraries of ipst.h library file. Includes important functions

and commands.

5.4.1 ipst_sleep.h : The delay time library

This library file has functions for time delaying. This library must be included at the

top of the program with the command #include as follows :

#include <ipst_sleep.h> or #include <ipst.h>

Important functions of this library file are consisted of :

5.4.1.1 sleep and delay

sleep and delay are same operation. They delayed time in millisecond unit.

Syntax

void sleep(unsigned int ms)

void delay(unsigned int ms)

Parameter

ms - Set the delay time in millsecond unit. Range is 0 to 65,535.

Example 5-1

sleep(20); // Delay 20 millisecond

delay(1000); // Delay 1 second

5.4.1.2 delay_us

It is delay time function in microsecond unit.

Syntax

void delay_us(unsigned int us)

Parameter

us - Set the delay time in microsecond unit. Range is 0 to 65,535.

Example 5-2

delay_us(100); // Delay 100 microsecond


5.4.2 ipst_sound.h : The sound library

This library file has functions for time delaying. This library must be included at the top

of the program with the command #include as follows :

#include <ipst_sound.h> or #include <ipst.h>


5.4.21 beep

It is "beep" signal generated function for any digitla port of IPST-SE board. Beep signal

frequency is 500Hz witrh duration time 100 millisecond. IPST-SE board will drive the beep

signal to heard when connect to any speaker. The ZX-SPEAKER module is recommended.

Syntax

void beep(int pin)

Parameter

pin - Digital pin of IPST-SE board. It is 0 to 30. Pin 19 or 20 is recommended.

Example 5-3

beep(19); // Generate the signal 500Hz with 100ms to pin 19.

5.4.2.2 sound

It is sound generated function for any digitla port of IPST-SE board. This function sets

the frequency, duration time and output pin. IPST-SE board will drive the sound signal to

heard when connect to any speaker. The ZX-SPEAKER module is recommended.

Syntax

void sound(int pin, int freq, int time)

Parameter

pin - Digital pin of IPST-SE board. It is 0 to 30. Pin 19 or 20 is recommended.

freq - Frequency value. It is 0 to 32,767 in Hz unit.

time - Duration time. It is 0 to 32,767 in millisecond unit.

Example 5-4

sound(19,1200,500); // Generate the signal 1200Hz with 500ms to pin 19


5.4.3 ipst_in_out.h : Digital input/output port library

This library file has functions for reading and sending the digital value to any digital

input/output port of IPST-SE board. . This library must be included at the top of the program

with the command #include as follows :

#include <ipst_in_out.h> or #include <ipst.h>


5.4.3.1 in

Read data from the specific digital port

Syntax

char in(x)

Parameter

x - Digital pin of IPST-SE board. It is 0 to 30. Pin 19 or 20 is NOT recommended.

Return value

0 or 1

Example 5-5

char x; // Declare x variable for keeping reading input data

x = in(16); // Read pin 16 and store data to x variable.

5.4.3.2 out

Write or send the data to the specific digital port

Syntax

out(char _bit,char _dat)

Parameter

_bit - Set digital pin of IPST-SE board. It is 0 to 30.

_dat - Set data output as 0 ot 1.

Example 5-6

out(17,1); // Out oin 17 with “1”

out(18,0); // Out pin 18 with “0”


5.4.3.3 sw1_press

This function loops to check the SW1 pressing. It returns value after switch is released.

Syntax

void sw1_press()

Example 5-7

................

sw1_press(); // Wait until the SW1 is pressed and released

................

5.4.3.4 sw1

This function check the SW1 pressing in any time.

Syntax

char sw1()

Return value

“0” - SW1 is pressed

“1” - SW1 is not pressed

Example 5-8

char x; // Declare x variable for keeping the value

x = sw1(); // Get SW1 status and store to x variable

SW1 switch status is read by sw1() and sw1_press()function


5.4.4 ipst_analog.h : Analog inut library

This library file supports all instructions for reading the analog input port (A0 to A6),

KNOB button and OK switch (both are connected to A7 analog input port) of the IPST-SE

controller board. This library must be included at the top of the program with the command

#include as follows :

#include <ipst_analog.h> or #inclue <ipst.h>

5.4.4.1 analog

This gets digital data from the analog to digital converter module of any analog port; A0

to A6 of the IPST-SE board.

Syntax

unsigned int analog(unsigned char channel)

Parameter

channel - Analog input port. It is 0 to 6 (means A0 to A6)

Return value

Digital data from analog to digital converter module. The value is 0 to 1023 (in

decimal). It represents 0 to +5Vdc.

KNOB button and OK switch on the IPST-SE boardare read value or status by knob(), sw_OK()and sw_OK_press()


Example 5-9

#include <ipst.h> // Include main library

int val=0; // Declare stored variable

void setup()

{

glcdClear();


}

void loop()

{

glcd(1,0,"AnalogTest"); // Show message on GLCD

val = analog(2); // Read A2 input and store to val variable


glcd(2,2,"%d ",val); // Show A2 value

setTextSize(2); // Set text size back to 2x

}

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00000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

RESET2019

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KNOB

OK

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0 00

AnalogTest

543

ZX

-PO

TV

A

Connect ZX-POT to A2 inputof IPST-SE board and test byExample 5-9 code.

27A3


5.4.4.2 knob( )

Read the KNOB button data of the IPST-SE board.

Syntax

unsigned int knob()

Retuen value

Digital data from analog to digital converter module of KNOB button. It is 95

to 1,023

Example 5-10


void setup()

{

glcdClear();


}

void loop()

{

glcd(1,0," KnobTest"); // Show message on GLCD


glcd(2,2,"%d ",knob()); // Show KNOB button value on GLCD

setTextSize(2); // Set text size back to 2x

}

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00000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

RESET2019

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OK

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0 00

KnobTest

958Adjust

KNOB button


5.4.4.3 sw_OK()

Read status of the OK switch on the IPST-SE board.

Syntax

unsigned char sw_ok()

Retun value

1 (true) when the switch is pressed

0 (false) no press the switch

Note : Pressing the OK switch effects to KNOB value as 0 (zero)

Example 5-11#include <ipst.h> // Include main library

void setup()

{

glcdClear();

}

void loop()

{

if (sw_OK()) // Check OK switch pressing

{

glcdFillScreen(GLCD_YELLOW); // Change background to yellow

delay(3000); // Show time 3 seconds

}

glcdClear(); // Clare screen and set backgoround color to black

}

5.4.4.4 sw_OK_press()

Loop to check the OK switch pressing function

Example 5-12

............

sw_OK_press(); // Wait until the OK switch is pressed

.............


5.4.5 ipst_led8.h : Serial LED8 library

This library file provides the function for interfacing the LED8; serial 8-LED driver board

to send the data for driving LED on it. This library must be included at the top of the program

with the command #include as follows :

#include <ipst_led8.h> or #inclue <ipst.h>

For interfacing between IPST-SE board and LED8, use only one port following the figure

5-1

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

MSB LSB

+5V

RxD

GN

D

Secondary Education

LED8Serial LED-8UART communication9600 bps. Baud

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00000000

0Row01000000000000000

00Row0200000000000000

000Row030000000000000

0000Row04000000000000

00000Row0500000000000

000000R00060000000000

0000000R0007000000000

00000000Row0800000000

000000000Row090000000

0000000000Row01000000

00000000000Row0110000

000000000000Row012000

0000000000000Row01300

00000000000000Row0140

000000000000000Row015

RESET2019

18

17

16

KNOB

OK

SW1

ON

Rowl00 rld00Wo

Connect with JST3AA-8

Recommended Digital port for LED8 interfacing

Intercing port of IPST-SE forLED8

Optional -1 : pin 2 and 3 (disable I2C bus)

Most suitable : pin 16 to 20

Optional -2 : pin 8 and 9 (disable UART1)

Optional -3 : pin 24 to 30 (stop analog)

Figure 5-1 : Connection diagram of IPST-SE board and LED8 driver board


5.4.5.1 pinLED8

Set port of IPST-SE board to connect with LED8 board.

Syntax

void pinLED8(int pin)

Parameter

pin - Digital pin of IPST-SE board. It is 0 to 30. Pin 16 to 20 is recommended.

Example 5-13

pinLED8(20); // Set pin 20 of IPST-SE board to connect with// LED8 board

5.4.5.2 LED8

Data display function for LED8 board

Syntax

void LED8(unsigned char _dat) (for using pinLED8 funtion to declare

the interfaced port)

void LED8(int pin, unsigned char _dat)

Parameter

pin - Digital pin of IPST-SE board. It is 0 to 30. Pin 16 to 20 is recommended.

_dat - Display data. Itr is 0 to 255

Example 5-14

#include <ipst.h> // Include main libraryvoid setup(){

pinLED8(20); // Set pin 20 to connect with LED8 board}void loop(){

unsigned char i=0;while(1){

LED8(i++); // Show 8-bit binary data (00000000 to 11111111)delay(500); // Delay 0.5 second

}}


Example 5-15

#include <ipst.h> // Include main libraryvoid setup(){}void loop(){

unsigned char i=0;while(1){

LED8(20,i++); // Set pin 20 to conect with LED8 board// Then, show 8-bit binary data// (00000000 to 11111111)

delay(500); // Delay 0.5 second}

}

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

MSB LSB

+5V

RxD

GN

D

Secondary Education


7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

MSB LSB

+5V

RxD

GN

D

Secondary Education


7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

MSB LSB

+5V

RxD

GN

D

Secondary Education


7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

MSB LSB

+5V

RxD

GN

D

Secondary Education


Display data = 00000000





5.4.6 ipst_motor.h : DC motor control library

The IPST-SE controller board has 2 of DC motor driver outputs. It can drive 3 to 9V DC

motor. This library must be included at the top of the program with the command #include as

follows :

#include <ipst_motor.h> or #inclue <ipst.h>\


5.4.6.1 motor

Drive DC motor function.

Syntax

void motor(char _channel,int _power)

Parameter

_channel - DC motor output. It is 1 or 2.

_power - Power value. It is -100 to 100If set _power as positive value (1 to 100), motor moves forward

If set_power as negative value (-1 to -100), motor moves backward

If set as 0, motor stop but not recommended. Please choose the motor_stop

function better.

Example 5-16

#include <ipst.h>void setup(){}void loop(){

motor(1,60);// Drive motor 1 with 80% powerdelay(500);// Driving time 0.5 secondmotor(1,-60);// Drive mortor 1 backward// with 60% powerdelay(500);// Driving time 0.5 second

}

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00000000

0Row01000000000000000

00Row0200000000000000

000Row030000000000000

0000Row04000000000000

00000Row0500000000000

000000R00060000000000

0000000R0007000000000

00000000Row0800000000

000000000Row090000000

0000000000Row01000000

00000000000Row0110000

000000000000Row012000

0000000000000Row01300

00000000000000Row0140

000000000000000Row015

RESET2019

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OK

SW1

ON

Rowl00 rld00Wo

DC motor #1


5.4.6.2 motor_stop

Stop motor driving function

Syntax

void motor_stop(char _channel)

Parameter

_channel - DC motor output. It is 1, 2 and ALL (choose bothoutputs)

Example 5-17

#include <ipst.h> // Include main libraryvoid setup(){

sw_OK_press(); // Check the OK switch pressing}void loop(){

motor(1,60); // Drive motor1 with 60% powerdelay(500); // Driving time 0.5 secondmotor(1,-60); // Drive motor1 backward with 60% powerdelay(500); // Driving time 0.5 secondif (sw1()) // Check the SW1 switch pressing{

motor_stop(1); // If SW1 switch is pressed, stop motor1while (1);

}}


Example 5-18

#include <ipst.h> // Include main libraryvoid setup(){}void loop(){

motor(1,50); // Drive motor1 with 50% powermotor(2,50); // Drive motor2 with 50% powersleep(3000); // Driving time 3 วิ นาที motor(1,-50); // Drive motor1 backward with 50% powermotor(2,-50); // Drive motor 2 backward with 50% powersleep(3000); // Driving time 3 secondmotor_stop(ALL); // Stop both motorssleep(3000); // Delay 3 second

}

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2 RxD1

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00000000

0Row01000000000000000

00Row0200000000000000

000Row030000000000000

0000Row04000000000000

00000Row0500000000000

000000R00060000000000

0000000R0007000000000

00000000Row0800000000

000000000Row090000000

0000000000Row01000000

00000000000Row0110000

000000000000Row012000

0000000000000Row01300

00000000000000Row0140

000000000000000Row015

RESET2019

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17

16

KNOB

OK

SW1

ON

Rowl00 rld00Wo

DC motor#1 DC motor#2


5.4.7 ipst_servoMotor.h : Servo motor library

This is library for control the servo motor of IPST-SE board. It has 4 servo motor outputs.

It can drive each output or all in same time. This library must be included at the top of the

program with the command #include as follows :

#include <ipst_servoMotor.h> or #inclue <ipst.h>\

There is only one function in this library. It is servo.

Syntax

void servo(unsigned char _ch, int _angle)

Parameter

_ch - Servo motor output. It is 0 to 3

_pos - Servo motor shaft position. It is 0 to 180 and -1.

If set to -1, it means stop that servo motor output

Example 5-19


void setup()

{}

void loop()

{

servo(0,60); // Drive servo motor0 to 60 degress position

sleep(5000); // Delay 5 seconds

servo(0,120); // Drive servo motor0 to 120 degree position


}


5.4.8 ipst_serial.h : Serial data communication

It is library that contains function and statement for supporting the serial data

communication with UART of IPST-SE board. This library must be included at the top of the

program with the command #include as follows :

#include <ipst_serial.h> or #inclue <ipst.h>

5.4.8.1 Hardware connection

IPST-SE board has 2 channels for support serial data communication. They are UART0

and UART1. Hardware connection could be done as follows :

UART0 (connectd with USB port via USB to UART circuit)

Connect USB cable between IPST-SE board and computer’s USB port.

UART1

Connect the cable to RXD1 (pin 2) and TXD1 (pin 3) on the IPST-SE board

Using uart() function for interfacingwith computer via USB port

รู ปที ่ 5-2 แสดงจุ ดต อสั ญญาณของแผงวงจร IPST-SE เมื ่อมี การใช งานไลบรารี ipst_serial.h

Using uart1() function for interfacingwith any serial devices (such asbluetooth, XBEE or WiFi module) viaRxD1 (pin 2) and TxD1 (pin 3)


5.4.8.2 uart

This is serial data sending function via UART0 port. The default baudrate is 115,200 bit

per second.

Syntax

void uart(char *p,...)

Parameter

*p - Type of data. Support the special character for setting display method.

Command Operation

%c or %CDisplay 1 character

%d or %D Display the decimal value -32,768 to +32,767

%l or %L Display the decimal value -2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647

%f or %F Display floating point 3 digits

\r Set the message left justify of the line

\n Display message on the new line

Example 5-20


void setup()

{}

void loop()

{

uart(“Hello IPST-MicroBOX (SE)!\r\n”);

// Transmit data to computer with carriage returm


}

For running this sketch, still connect the USB cable after uploading. Open the

Serial Monitor by clicking on button or choose at menu Tools > Serial Monitor


Wait a moment, The Serial Monitor is appeared and shows the messages

following the picture below. Click to mark at Auto Scroll box and select No line ending.

Last box is selected to 115200 Baud.

5.4.8.3 uart_set_baud

Baud rate setting function of UART0

Syntax

void uart_set_baud(unsigned int baud)

Parameter

baud - Baud rate value of UART0. It is 2,400 to 115,200

Example 5-21

uart_set_baud(4800); // Set baud rate to 4,800 bit per second

5.4.8.4 uart_available

This is receiveing data testing function of UART0.

Syntax

unsigned char uart_available(void)

Return value

- “0” : no data received

- more than 0 : received character

Example 5-22

char x =uart_available();

// Check receiving data of UART0.

// If x is more than 0, it means now data is received

// Must read data by using uart_getkey funtion immediately


5.4.8.5 uart_getkey

This is data reading function from receiver’s buffer of UART0

Syntax

char uart_getkey(void)

Return value


- data : received character in ASCII code

Example 5-23

#include <ipst.h>void setup(){}void loop() // Main loop{

if(uart_available()) // Received data checking{

if(uart_getkey()==’a’) // Key a is pressed ?{

glcd(3,1,“Key a Active!”); // Show message to responsesleep(2000); // Delay 2 seconds

}else{

glcdClear(); // Clear screen}

}}

Note Using uart() function to send data out from UART0 and uart_getkey()

function to get character, baud rate is set to 115,200 bit per second, 8-bit data and none

parity checking automatically. It is default value. If requres to change baud rate, have

to use uart_set_baud funtion.

For running this sketch, still connect the USB cable after uploading. Open the

Serial Monitor by clicking on button or choose at menu Tools > Serial Monitor


Wait a moment, The Serial Monitor is appeared and shows the messages

following the picture below. Click to mark at Auto Scroll box and select No line ending.

Last box is selected to 115200 Baud.

After IPST-SE board gets the a character, it shows message Key a Active!

on th color GLCD screen.27A3 30A6

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00000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

RESET2019

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OK

SW1

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0 00

Key a Active!

Connect USB cable alltime


5.4.8.6 uart1

This is serial data sending function via UART1 port (TxD1 andc RxD1). The default

baud rate is 9,600 bit per second.

Syntax

void uart1(char *p,...)

Parameter

*p - Type of data. Support the special character for setting display method.

See details in uart0 function.

5.4.8.7 uart1_set_baud

This is baud rate setting function for UART1.

Syntax

void uart1_set_baud(unsigned int baud)

Parameter

baud - Baud rate of UART1. It is 2,400 to 115,200

Example 5-24

uart1_set_baud(19200); // Set baud rate as 19,200 bit per second

5.4.8.8 uart1_available

This is receiving data testing function of UART1.

Syntax

unsigned char uart1_available(void)

Return value


- more than 0 : received character

Example 5-25

char x =uart1_available();

// Check receiving data of UART1.

// If x is more than 0, it means now data is received

// Must read data by using uart1_getkey funtion immediately

5.4.8.9 uart1_getkey

This is data reading function from receiver’s buffer of UART1.

Syntax

char uart1_getkey(void)

Return value


- data : received character in ASCII code


5.4.8.10 When does using UART1 ?

1. Connnect with wirelss devices such as bluetooth, XBEE, WiFi, etc.

IPST-SE board BlueStick

Serial bluetooth(slave)

TXD1

RXD1

Rx

Tx

ComputerLaptop

Smartphonethat supportbluetooth(master)

Example of the connection diagram between IPST-SE board with smartphone/tablet(Android) or computer in wirelessly via bluetooth.

2. Communicate between 2 of IPST-SE board

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00000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

RESET2019

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KNOB

OK

SW1

ON

0 00

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00000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

RESET2019

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OK

SW1

ON

0 00

Connect RxD1 to TxD1 andTxD1 to RxD1 pin of each board

3. Interface with any serial devices and modules such as ZX-SERVO16i : Serial servo

motro controller board, Serial LCD16x2 (SLCD16x2), Serial Real-time clock (ZX-17), Pixy Camera

module, RFID reader board, etc.


In the development of modern applied science projects that related to programming,

must have automatic control systems involved. Including the need to have contact with any

sensor. User need to know the value of the sensor measuring or detecting it. One of the most

important devices is display device. It is used to display or report the value or data.

IPST-SE controller board also available an on-board display device. It is color graphic

LCD module. This chapter describes about features, library, how to interface and some of

examples.

6.1 Features of GLCD module of the IPST-SE board

1.8” size and 128 x 160 dots resolution

Support line art and simple graphic with 65,536 color. Not support the image or

photo file.

Support the standard character (5 x 7 dots) with 21 characters 16 lines maximum.

Built-in LED back light

Programming support with ipst_glcd.h library

6.2 Library file for GLCD executation

The suitable library file for worlking with GLCD module of IPST-SE board will be installed

together with Wiring 1.0 IDE/Arduino 1.0 IDE installation. The ipst_glcd.h file is located to

folder C:\WiringIPST\libraries\IPST

This library must be included at the top of the program with the command #include as

follows :

#include <ipst_glcd.h> or #include <ipst.h>

Chapter 6

Using the color display of IPST-SEboard


6.3 IPST-SE board’s color GLCD function description

6.3.1 glcd

It is the function for display message on the color graphic LCD screen. The default

display is 21 characters, 16 lines with smallest (default) font size.

Syntax

void glcd(unsigned char x, unsigned char y ,char *p,...)

Parameter

x - line number. Value is 0 to 15

y - character position. Value is 0 to 20

*p - the display message and special character or symbol for determine the

display as follows :

%c or %C - display one character

%d or %D - display integer from -32,768 to 32,767

%l or %L - display integer from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647

%f or %F - display floating point ( 3-digit maximum)

defghijk

0 0000000000

300000000000000000000

400000000000000000000

500000000000000000000

600000000000000000000

700000000000000000000

800000000000000000000

900000000000000000000

a00000000000000000000

b00000000000000000000

c00000000000000000000

d00000000000000000000

e00000000000000000000

f00000000000000000000

012345 89abc67

20000 0000d

100000000000000000000

Figure 6-1 : Illustated of details and displayed dot location of the GLCD

module that used in IPST-SE board


Example 6-1

glcd(2,0,"Hello World");

// Show message; Hello World at left end position of line 2

defghijk

0 0000000000

300000000000000000000

400000000000000000000

500000000000000000000

600000000000000000000

700000000000000000000

800000000000000000000

900000000000000000000

a00000000000000000000

b00000000000000000000

c00000000000000000000

d00000000000000000000

e00000000000000000000

f00000000000000000000

012345 89abc67

Hello World

100000000000000000000

Column 0(first digit)

Line 2

Line 0Line 1

First is line number. Begin from 0.2 is line 2 or 3rd line.

Display message

Next digit is column position.Begin from 0. 0 is first digit or column.

Example 6-2

int x=20;

glcd(1,2,"Value = %d",x);

// Display both charater and number same line

// Start from column 2 of line 1

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6.3.2 colorRGB

It is color changing function in RGB (Red Blue Green) format to 16-bit data. It divides 5-

bit for Red , 6-bit for Green and last 5-bit for Blue.

Syntax

unsigned int colorRGB(uint red,uint green,uint blue)

Parameter

red - Red value is between 0 to 31. If applied data is greater than 31, adjsut to 31

green - Green value is between 0 to 63. If applied data is greater than 63,

adjust to 63

blue - Blue value is between 0 to 31. If applied data is greater than 31, adjsut to

31

Example 6-3

#include <ipst.h>

int colors;

void setup()

{

int colors;

colors=colorRGB(31,0,0); // Set 16-bit data of red to colors variable

glcdFillScreen(colors); // Fill background color

}

void loop()

{}

6.3.3 color[ ]

It is array type variable. It is uesd for set the 8 basic colors. Developers can also

use color[] directly or use the color name.

Syntax

unsigned int color[]= { GLCD_RED,

GLCD_GREEN,

GLCD_BLUE,

GLCD_YELLOW,

GLCD_BLACK,

GLCD_WHITE,

GLCD_SKY,

GLCD_MAGENTA};


Parameter

GLCD_RED - Select red

GLCD_GREEN - Select grren

GLCD_BLUE - Select blue

GLCD_YELLOW - Select yellow

GLCD_BLACK - Select black

GLCD_WHITE - Select white

GLCD_SKY - Select sky blue color

GLCD_MAGENTA - Select magenta

Example 6-4

glcdFillScreen(color[5]); // Set background color as white

Example 6-5

glcdFillScreen(GLCD_BLUE); // Set backgrounbd color as blue

6.3.4 glcdSetColorWordBGR

It is factory color data setting function in BGR type. The setting data consists of 5-bit of

blue, 6-bit of green and 5-bit of red. There is 2 models of this color GLCD productions. One is set

the color data as RGB. Another is RGB.

The default of ipst_glcd.h is set to BGR. No need to put this function into the sketch.

Syntax

glcdSetColorWordBGR()

Example 6-6

#include <ipst.h>

void setup()

{

glcdSetColorWordBGR();

// Set color data setting of GLCD to BGR type. Normally not require

}

void loop()

{}


6.3.5 glcdSetColorWordRGB( );

It is factory color data setting function in RGB type. The setting data consists of 5-bit of

red, 6-bit of green and 5-bit of blue.

Need to put this function into the sketch if GLCD operation after uploading shows

incorrect color. It means the current color GLCD is RGB type. Developer have to put this

function in the setup() on the top of sketch.

Syntax

glcdSetColorWordRGB()

Example 6-7

#include <ipst.h>

void setup()

{

glcdSetColorWordBGR(); // Set color data setting to RGB type

}

void loop()

{}

6.3.6 setTextColor

This function is used to set the text color that displayed with glcd() function. The default

color is white.

Syntax

void setTextColor(unsigned int newColor)

Parameter

newColor - This is to set the target color. It is 16-bit data or variable data which

is defined from the variable color[]

Example 6-8



6.3.7 setTextBackgroundColor

It is to set the text background color function. The default color is black. The text

background color is not screen background. Setting the screen background color, need to use

the glcdFillScreen function.

Syntax

void setTextBackgroundColor(unsigned int newColor)

Parameter

newColor - This is to set the target color. It is 16-bit data or variable data which

is defined from the variable color[]

Example 6-9

setTextBackgroundColor(GLCD_GREEN);

// Set text backgorund color as green

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6.3.8 glcdClear

It is clear screen function. The background color will be latest the text backgorund

color. If not defined before, the background color will be black

Syntax

void glcdClear()

Example 6-10


IPST-SE

Screen status

Before executeglcdClear();

Screen status

After executeglcdClear();


6.3.9 glcdFillScreen

This will clear the screen and change to the background color function. After executing

this function, all contents on scrren will be cleared and it will change the backgtround color to

the target color.

Syntax

void glcdFillScreen(unsigned int color)

Parameter

color - This is to set the target color. It is 16-bit data or variable data which is

defined from the variable color[]

Example 6-11

glcdFillScreen(GLCD_YELLOW); // Fill GLCD screen with yellow

Screen status

Before executeglcdFillScreen(GLCD_YELLOW);

Screen status

After executeglcdFillScreen(GLCD_YELLOW);


6.3.10 glcdMode

It is for setting the display orientation. There are 4 modes; 0 (0 degree), 1 (oritentate right

90 degrees), 2 (orientate 180 degrees or invert) and 3 (orientate 270 degrees from origin)

Syntax

glcdMode(unsigned int modeset)

Parameter

modeset - Orientation mode number. It is 0 to 3 for determine 0, 90, 180 and 270

degrees orientation. The default is 0 degree in vertical.

IPST-SEIPST-SE

IPST-SE

IPST-SE

glcdMode00o

glcdMode1orientate 90o



Example 6-12

#include <ipst.h>void setup(){

setTextSize(2); // Set text size as 2x}void loop(){

glcdClear(); // Clear screenglcdMode(0); // Set display orientation mode 0glcd(0,0,"IPST-SE"); // Show messagesw_ok_press(); // Wait OK switch pressingglcdClear();glcdMode(1); // Set display orientation mode 1glcd(0,0,"IPST-SE");sw_ok_press();glcdClear();glcdMode(2); // Set display orientation mode 2glcd(0,0,"IPST-SE");sw_ok_press();glcdClear();glcdMode(3); // Set display orientation mode 3glcd(0,0,"IPST-SE");sw_ok_press();

}


6.3.11 setTextSize

This function is used to set the text size. The text size is 1x time by default. It requires 6

x 10 dots include character gap. With the default size, this display shows 21 characters 16

lines maximum in vertical.

height 7 dots

width5 dots

gap 1 dot

line space2 dots

pitch 1 dot

Syntax

setTextSize(unsigned int newSize)

Parameter

newSize - times number of the default size. It is 1 to 16.

text size 1 contains 21 characters 16 lines





text size 6 and 7 contains 3 characters 2 lines


text size 9 and 10 contains 2 characters 1 line

text size 11 to 16 contains only 1 character and 1 line to fit in screen.


Example 6-13

#include <ipst.h>

void setup()

{

setTextSize(1); // Set text size as default

setTextColor(GLCD_GREEN); // Set text color as green

glcd(0,0,"Size1"); // Show message

setTextSize(2);

glcd(1,0,"Size2"); // Set text size 2x

setTextSize(3);


setTextSize(4);


}

void loop()

{}

6.3.12 getTextColor

Get the current text color.

Syntax

unsigned int getTextColor()

Return value

textColor - It is 16-bit data. It refer colorRGB[] function

Example 6-14

unsigned int color;

color=getTextColor(); // Store current text color data to variable


6.3.13 getTextBackgroundColor

Get the current text background color.

Syntax

unsigned int getTextBackgroundColor()

Return value

textColor - It is 16-bit data. It refer colorRGB[] function

Example 6-15

unsigned int color;

color=getTextBackgroundColor();

// Store current text background color data to variable

6.3.14 getTextSize

Get the currect text size.

Syntax

unsigned int getTextSize()

Return value

textSize - The size is times number from the default size. Range is 1 to 16.

Example 6-16

unsigned int textSize;

textSize=getTextSize(); // Store current text size value to variable

6.3.15 glcdGetMode

Get the current orientation in display mode.

Syntax

unsigned int glcdGetMode()

Return value

mode - The orientation display mode number. It is 0 to 3. See details in glcdMode

function

Example 6-17

unsigned int Mode;

Mode=glcdGetMode(); // Get the current orientation display mode number


6.3.16 glcdPixel

This plots the dots on the coordinator of the display. It refers to 128 x 160 dots display.

Syntax

void glcdPixel(unsigned int x,unsigned int y,unsignedint color)

Parameter

x - Horizontal axis coordinator or x-axis. Value is 0 to 127.

y - Vertical axis coordinator or y-axis. Value is 0 to 159

color - The target color. It is 16-bit data or variable data which is defined from

the variable color[]

Example 6-18

#include <ipst.h>

int i;

void setup()

{

for (i=0;i<128;i+=4)

{

glcdPixel(i,80,GLCD_RED);

// Plot a dot every 4 dots on x-axis at the center of screen

}

for (i=0;i<160;i+=4)

{

glcdPixel(64,i,GLCD_RED);

// Plot a dot every 4 dots on y-axis at the center of screen

}

}

void loop()

{}

6.3.1.17 glcdRect

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Draw the rectangular shape that refer dot coordinator at 128 x 160 dots resolution of

color GLCD screen following the figure 6-2.

Syntax

void glcdRect(unsigned int x1,unsigned int y1,

unsigned int width,unsigned int height,

unsigned int color)

Parameter

x1 - Start point of the rectangular shape on x-axis. Value is 0 to 127

y1 - Start point of the rectangular shape on y-axis. Value is 0 to 159

width - The width of rectangular shape. Value is 1 to 128

height - The height of rectangular shape. Value is 1 to 158

color - Line color. It is 16-bit data or variable data which is defined from the

variable color[]

Example 6-19

x-axis

y-axis

dot 0

dot 159dot 158dot 157

dot 1dot 2dot 3

dot 0 dot 4 dot 127

Figure 6-2 : Dot coordinator of IPST-SE board’s color display


#include <ipst.h>

void setup()

{

glcdRect(32,40,64,80,GLCD_RED);

// Draw the red rectangle with 64 x 80 dots size

}

void loop()

{}

300000000000000000000

400000000000000000000

500000000000000000000

600000000000000000000

700000000000000000000

800000000000000000000

900000000000000000000

a00000000000000000000

b00000000000000000000

c00000000000000000000

d00000000000000000000

e00000000000000000000

f00000000000000000000

X1 point(32)

Y1 point(40)

width 64 dots

height 80 dots

width

heightline colorStart dot of x-axis

Start dot of y-axis


6.3.18 glcdFillRect

This creates a filled rectangle. It is only fill color without an outline.

Syntax

void glcdFillRect(unsigned int x1, unsigned int y1,unsigned int width, unsigned int height,

unsigned int color)

Parameter

x1 - Start point of the rectangular shape on x-axis. Value is 0 to 127

y1 - Start point of the rectangular shape on y-axis. Value is 0 to 159

width - The width of rectangular shape. Value is 1 to 128

height - The height of rectangular shape. Value is 1 to 158

color - Fill color. It is 16-bit data or variable data which is defined from the

variable color[]

Example 6-20

#include <ipst.h>

void setup()

{

glcdFillRect(32,40,64,80,GLCD_RED);

// Create the solid red rectangle 64 x 80 pixels

}

void loop()

{}

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400000000000000000000

500000000000000000000

600000000000000000000

700000000000000000000

800000000000000000000

900000000000000000000

a00000000000000000000

b00000000000000000000

c00000000000000000000

d00000000000000000000

e00000000000000000000

f00000000000000000000

X1 point(32)

Start dot of x-axis

Y1 point(40)

width 64 dots

Height80 dots

Start dot of y-axis

widthheight

target color


6.3.19 glcdLine

Draw the straight line from point to point.

Syntax

void glcdLine(unsigned int x1,unsigned int y1,

unsigned int x2,unsigned int y2,unsigned int color)

Parameter

x1 - Start point on the x-axis. Value is 0 to 127.

y1 - Start point on the y-axis. Value is 0 ro 159

x2 - Destination point on the x-axis. Value is 0 to 127.

y2 - Destination point on the y-axis. Value is 0 ro 159

color - Line color. It is 16-bit data or variable data which is defined from the

variable color[]

Example 6-21

#include <ipst.h>

void setup()

{

glcdLine(0,0,127,159,GLCD_RED);

// Draw a red diagonal line from top left to bottom right

}

void loop()

{}

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4 0

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900000000000000000000

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X1(0)

Y1(0)

3 0

4 0

X2(127)

Y2(159)


6.3.20 glcdCircle

Draw a circle function.

Syntax

void glcdCircle(unsgined int x, unsgined int y,

unsgined int radius,unsgined int color)

Parameter

x - Center of thge circle coordinator on x-axis. Value is 0 to 127

y - Center of thge circle coordinator on y-axis. Value is 0 to 159

radius - Radius value

color - Circumference color. It is 16-bit data or variable data which is defined

from the variable color[]

Example 6-22

#include <ipst.h>void setup(){

glcdCircle(32,120,31,GLCD_RED);//Draw a red circle with 31 dots radius

}void loop(){}

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600000000000000000000

700000000000000000000

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b00000000000000000000

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y-coordinator(120)

radius 31 dots

x-coordinator(32)


6.3.21 glcdFillCircle

Creates a filled circle without the circumference.

Syntax

void glcdFillCircle(unsigned int x,unsigned int y,

unsigned int radius,unsigned int color)

Parameter



radius - Radius value

color - Circle color. It is 16-bit data or variable data which is defined from the

variable color[]

Example 6-23

#include <ipst.h>

void setup()

{

glcdFillCircle(32,120,31,GLCD_RED);

// Create the solid red circle with radius 31 dots

}

void loop()

{}

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0000000000000000

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600000000000000000000

700000000000000000000

800000000000000000000

900000000000 00000000

a000000000 0000000000

b00000000000000000000

c00000000000000000000

d00000000000000000000

e00000000000000000000

f00000000000000000000

y-coordinator(120)

radius 31 dots

x-coordinator(32)


6.3.22 glcdArc

Draw the arc line function.

Syntax

void glcdArc(unsigned int x,unsigned int y,

unsigned int r,int start_angle,int end_angle,uint color)

Parameter



radius - Radius value of the arc

start_angle - Start angle of the arc

end_angle - Ending angle of the arc

color - Arc line color. It is 16-bit data or variable data which is defined from the

variable color[]

Example 6-24

#include <ipst.h>

void setup()

{


glcdCircle(48,75,5,GLCD_YELLOW);

glcdCircle(80,75,5,GLCD_YELLOW);


glcdFillCircle(64,90,7,GLCD_GREEN);

glcdArc(64,100,30,220,320,GLCD_RED);

}

void loop()

{}


The simplest application of automatic controller is LED controller. Because LED is very

simple output device, low cost, easy to use and very flexible for applying to make so many

applications, projects and inventions

This chapter describes about how to control the LED by using IPST-SE controller board

with C/C++ programming by Wiring IDE.

7.1 Introduction to LED

A light emitting diode (LED) emits light when current passes through it. The color of the

LED usually just tells you what color it will glow when current passes through it. The important

markings on an LED are contained in its shape. Since an LED is a one-way current valve, you

have to make sure to connect it the right way, or it won’t work as intended.

The symbol and structure of LED are shown in the figure 7-1

LED has 2 terminals. One is called the anode, and the other is called the cathode. On

the schematic symbol, the cathode is the line across the point of the triangle and part drawing.

For the part drawing, note that the LED’s leads are different lengths. The longer lead is connected

to the LED’s anode, and the shorter lead is connected to its cathode.

The suitable current that the modern LED need is 5 to 20mA. The simple circuit is

shown in the figure 7-2.

Limit-current resistor (RS)can assgin by formula below :

RVcc V

IS

F

F

Vcc is Supply voltage, VF is forward bias voltage cross LED and IF is forward bias current

If apply the reverse bias, LED will not work and damage. Because LED can hold the

reverse bias voltage in range 3 to 10V only.

Figure 7-1 : Symbol and structure of LED

R1

LED1Vs

I1

+

Figure 7-2 : LED circuit application

AnodeCathode

(B) LED structure

A K

(A) LED symbol

Chapter 7

LED controller


7.2 How to control LED with IPST-SE board and C/C++ programming by Wiring 1.0 IDE

To control on / off the LED, the developer can use the signals from any port on the IPST-

SE board. It is controlled by software. The function of Wiring 1.0 IDE and Arduino 1.0 IDE for

IPST-SE that suitable for driving LED is out().

out () function is contained in the library file ipst_in_ouyt.h. Also execute from ipst.h

main library. This library must be included at the top of the program with the command #include

as follows :


Details of out() function can be summarized as follows :

out() is function of writing or sending the digtial data to the specific digital port of IPST-

SE controller board

Syntax

out(char _bit,char _dat)

Parameter

_bit - Set digital pin of IPST-SE board. It is 0 to 30.

_dat - Set data output as 0 ot 1.

Example 7-1

out(17,1); // Out oin 17 with “1”

out(18,0); // Out pin 18 with “0”


The equipment is in working condition at all times. What should be done every

time you use the IPST-MicroBOX [SE] is :

1. Turn power off before removing or plugging the controller board with the

computer .

2. Turn power off before removing or plugging any sensors with the controller

board.

3. After each experiment is finished, suggest to turn power off before removing

all cables.

4. Do not remove or plug any cables during the controller board still work or

under the opertation. Unless there are any other procedures that require specific

connection during operation.

5. If any error is occured, must turn power off immediately.

6. Do not use the DC adaptor that supply output voltage over +9V with the IPST-SE

controller board.

7. After all experiments are finished, remove all cables from controller board,

sensors and computer.

Practical notice for



void setup()

{}

void loop()

{

out(17,1); // On LED at pin 17

delay(500); // Delay 0.5 second

out(17,0); // Off LED at pin 17


}

Listing L1-1 : LedTest01.pde ; the sketch file for demonstration of simple LED

controller by IPST-SE

Practical 1 : Simple LED controller

Practical 1-1 : Turning on LED

Hardware connection

Connect ZX-LED board to pin 17 of IPST-SE board

connect

with

JST3AA-8

cable

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2 RxD1

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RESET2019

18

17

16

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ON

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ZX-LED

+ S

+

S

O


Prodedure

1.1.1 Open the Wiring 1.0 IPST-SE software.Create the new sketch file. Type the code following

the Listing L1-1. then save as the sketch to LEDtest01.

1.1.2 Apply the supply voltage to the IPST-SE board and turn on power. Connect the USB cable

between IPST-SE board and computer.

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17

16

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ON


3

1

2

4

Plug the adaptor



1.1.3 Choose the hardware at menu Tools > Board > IPST-SE > ATmega644P @16MHz


1.1.4 Choose the interfaced port at menu Tools > Serial Port (Number of interfaced port may

be different depend on each computer)

1.1.5 Compile and upload the sketch to IPST-SE board by clicking on the button or


1.1.6 Run the sketch and observe the ZX-LED operation.

LED on the ZX-LED that connected with pin 17 of IPST-SE board is blinking every 0.5

second.

Note Experimenter can adjust the blkinking rate with change the time value in delay();

function within Listing L1-1

1.1.7 Edit code in Listing L1-1 to change the blinking speed faster.

1.1.8 Edit code in Listing L1-1 to change the blinking speed slower

1.1.9 Edit code in Listing L1-1 to change the controller board pin to pin 18, 19 and 20.

Practical 1-2 : LED timer

Hardware connection

Connect ZX-LED board to pin 17 of IPST-SE board

Prodedure

1.2.1 Open the Wiring 1.0 IPST-SE software.Create the new sketch file. Type the code following

the Listing L1-2. then save as the sketch to LEDtimer.



1.2.3 Run the sketch and observe the ZX-LED operation.

LED is on 4 seconds then off.

1.2.4 Edit code in Listing L1-2 to turn on LED longer time.

1.2.5 Edit code in Listing L1-2 to turn on LED shorter time.



void setup()

{}

void loop()

{

out(17,1); // Turn on LED at pin 17

delay(4000); // Delay 4 seconds

out(17,0); // Turn off LED at pin 17

while(1); // Endless loop

}

Code description

This code send data “1” to pin 17 of IPST-SE board to turn on LED 4 seconds. After that,

send data “0” to same pin for turning off LED and loop at while(); command. It is endless

loop. Program will not back to restart until reset the bord or turn off power and turn on power

again.

Listing L1-2 : Ledtimer.pde ; the sketch file for demonstration controlling LED

with time


In the previous chapter, presents how to control LED with programming for only one

channel. This chapter presents how to control more LEDs up to 8-ch. in same time by still using

only one digital port of IPST-SE controller board.

The output device for this practical is LED8 board. It consists of 8 LEDs and serial controller

circuit. The data that used to control LED displaying is generated by basic mathematics in

binary number plus simple data structure in bit and byte.

Instructor can be use the pracicals in this chapter to teach about number system and

basic logic according to STEM education.

8.1 Binary number

In the binary number system is the only 2 number that is "0" and "1". They can be used

instead of the low - high, off -on and open-close. If the binary number greater than 1 this was

considered for example, 2. there is 4 status occured. They could be represent off-off, off-on, on-

off and on-on.

Summary of mathematical equation relate with digit of binary number are as follows :

Number of data = 2 digit

If there are 2 digits, the data number are 22 = 4



8.1.1 Binary number counting

Because binary number are only 0 and 1, when count up it must be added more digits.

To see a significant changing, the decimal number will be used to compare as follows :

Chapter 8

Muti-channels LED controller

Binary Decimal

0 0

1 1

10 2

11 3

Binary Decimal

100 4

101 5

110 6

111 7

Binary Decimal

1000 8

1001 9

1010 10

1011 11

Binary Decimal

1100 12

1101 13

1110 14

1111 15


8.1.2 Bit variables

The binary is used more and more from 1 digit to 2, 3, ... and 8 digits cause the following

new variables.

(1) bit. It is binary digit. Includes 0 and 1 only.

(2) byte. It is 8 bits binary number. It is important unit of binary number because in

the computer system will use at least 8-bit data for processing.

(3) LSB : Least Significant Bit. It is last right digit of binary number. The digit weight

is 20. If “1” is last right digit, it is equal to 1 x 20 = 1 x 1 = 1. But it is “0”, the value is changed

to 0 x 20 = 0 x 1= 0

(4) Digit defination. Last right digit is called bit 0 (b0) or LSB. Next digit is bit1 (b1)

scroll to the last left. Final are b7, b6, b5, b4, b3, b2, b1 and b0.

(5) MSB : Most Significant Bit. It is last left digit of binary number. For 8-bit data, the

MSB is bit7. The digit weight is 27 or 128. For the less than digit, the digit power is lower one

step such as for 6-bit MSB digit weight is 25, for 5-bit it is 24 for example.

8.1.3 Digit power

In decimal number, the digit weight is calculated from power of 10. For 1’s digit is 100

or 1, 10’s digit is 101 or 10, 100’s digit is 102 or 100 and so on.

Similar the decimal number, the digit weight of binary number also calculate from power

of 2. The last right bit or LSB has digit weight as 20 or equal is 1. Next digit is bit 1, digit weight

is 21 or 2. Bit 2 digit weight is 22 or 4. Consider to 8-bit, the digit weight of each bit is summarized

as follows :

Binary bit Digit weight Decimal number

0 20 1

1 21 2

2 22 4

3 23 8

4 24 16

5 25 32

6 26 64

7 27 128


8.2 Binary number conversion

8.2.1 Binary to Decimal conversion

Refer the digit weight of binary number, you can convert number system from Binary to

Decimal following some examples as follows.

Example 8-1

Convert the binary number 1011 to decimal

(1) Define the digit weight

Digit b3 b2 b1 b0

Digit weight 23 22 21 20

Binary 1 0 1 1

(2) multiply the digit weight by binary number at each bit. After that, add all

multiplication together.

Decimal = (1x23) + (0x22) + (1x21) + (1x20)

= (1x8) + (0x4) + (1x2) + (1x1)

= 8+0+2+1 = 11

8.2.2 Decimal to Binary conversion

The suggession method is Repeated Division by 2. Any decimal number divided by 2

will leave a remainder of 0 or 1. Repeated division by 2 will leave a string of 0s and 1s that

become the binary equivalent of the decimal number.

Example 8-2

Convert the decimal number 13 to binary

(1) Divide the decimal number by 2 and note a remainder

13/2 = 6 + remainder 1 (LSB)

The remainder is the least significant bit of the binary equivalent of 13.

(2) Divide the quotient from the previous division and note the remainder. The

remainder is the second LSB.

6/2 = 3 + remainder 0

(3) Continue this process until the quotient is 0. The last remainder is the most

significant bit of the binary number.

3/2 = 1 + remainder 1

1/2 = 0 + remainder 1 (MSB)

(4) To write the binary equivalent of the decimal number, read the remainders

from the bottom up.

1310 = 11012


8.3 Signed of Binary number

Binary number can assign to Positive and Negative value by assignment at MSB bit. If

MSB is "0", that binary number is positive. In the other hand, if MSB is "1" that binary number

is negative.

These informations below present the unsigned and signed binary number compare

with decimal number to make the understanding clearly.

Binary Decimal

Signed number Unsigned number

0000 0 0

0001 1 1

0010 2 2

0011 3 3

0100 4 4

0101 5 5

0110 6 6

0111 7 7

1000 - 8 8

1001 - 7 9

1010 - 6 10

1011 - 5 11

1100 - 4 12

1101 - 3 13

1110 - 2 14

1111 - 1 15

In signed binary number to decimal conversion can use similar technique.

For examaple, 1000 binary number the MSB is "1". The digit weight is 23 or 8. This

signed binary number is equal -8. In conversion the remain 3 bit is positive value. Thus, the

conversion is -8 + 0 = -8.

Next example, convert 1101 signed number to decimal. At MSB is -8 and 3 last right bit

is positive as +5 [101 = (22 x 0) + (21 x 0) + (20 x 1)]. The conversion is -8 + 5 = -3


8.4 Data format

The data used in the processing of a microcontroller that can be made from 1-bit. For

microcontroller in IPST-SE board; ATmega644 works with 1 to 16 bits data. They are set in the

various components of the world class standard.

1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1

Weight

Data*

* Data value could be changed

High byte (upper 8-bit) Low byte (lower 8-bit)

word

bit

0110111 1

211 210 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20212213214215

LSBMSB

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

bit-nibble-byte-word is unit of binary data that used in microcontroller data processing.

bit is smallest of unit. It is equal 1 digit of binary number

nibble is 4 bit length of bianry number

byte is 8 bit length of bianry number

word is 16 bit length of bianry number or 2 bytes


8.5 Introduction to the LED8 : Serial 8-LED driverboard

LED8 consists of 3mm. LED 8 dots, interface circuit , input port for inerfacing with

microcontroller board and output port that can connect to high current load driver circuit such

as relay driver board witout more additional programming.

LED8 is ocnnected toi any digital port of IPST-SE board. It requires only one pin. Users

can control the LED 8 channels with only one wire. Figure 8-1 shows board layout and schematic

diagram of LED8 board.

Connection between IPST-SE controller board and LED8 board is using serial data

communication and works with programming instructions. Developer or user can create the

program to control LED from 1 to 8 dots to make some applications such as running light LED

in any pattern or simple light effect project and more.

Figure 8-2 shows how to connect the LED8 board with IPST-SE controller board.

Figure 8-3 shows how to use the output port of LED8 board to control the high current

driver board.

8.6 Programming Function for LED8 board

For programming with LED8 board, there is 2 functions that included in the ipst_led8.h

library.

1. pinLED8 : Set port of IPST-SE board to connect with LED8 board.

2. LED8 : Data display function for LED8 board


+5V

47

7

510

7

47

6

510

6

47

5

510

5

47

4

510

4

47

3

510

3

47

2

510

2

47

1

510

1

47

0

510

0

D7

9

D6

8

D5

5

D4

6

D3

7

D2

14

D1

15

D0

16

ZX-LED controllerPIC18F14K50 with firmwareUART 9600 bps. to 8 bit parallel outputs

XT1 XT2

CeramicResonator

(Option)

VDD RST VSS PGD PGC

ICSP

2 3 1 4 20 19 18

RXD

12

VDDU17

+5V

RxD

+5V

GN

D

4k74k7

MSBD7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1

LSBD0

0.1F63V

0.1F63V

47F6.3V

Fiogure 8-1 : Board layout and schematic diagram of LED8 board


Figure 8-2 : Connection diagram of LED8 board with IPST-SE controller board

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

MSB LSB+

5V

RxD

GN

D

Secondary Education


27A3 30A6

29A526A2

28A425A1

24

A0

USB

D

9SDA 8SCL

12

13

14

15

SV0

SV1

SV2

SV3

126VG

136VG

146VG

156VG

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DC M

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00000000

0Row01000000000000000

00Row0200000000000000

000Row030000000000000

0000Row04000000000000

00000Row0500000000000

000000R00060000000000

0000000R0007000000000

00000000Row0800000000

000000000Row090000000

0000000000Row01000000

00000000000Row0110000

000000000000Row012000

0000000000000Row01300

00000000000000Row0140

000000000000000Row015

RESET2019

18

17

16

KNOB

OK

SW1

ON

Rowl00 rld00Wo

Connect with JST3AA-8

Recommended Digital port for LED8 interfacing

Intercing port of IPST-SE forLED8

Optional -1 : pin 2 and 3 (disable I2C bus)

Most suitable : pin 16 to 20

Optional -2 : pin 8 and 9 (disable UART1)

Optional -3 : pin 24 to 30 (stop analog)


7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

MSB LSB

+5V

RxD

GN

D

Secondary Education


27A3 30A6

29A526A2

28A425A1

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USB

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9SDA 8SCL

12

13

14

15

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SV1

SV2

SV3

126VG

136VG

146VG

156VG

21

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3 TxD1

LOW+5

2 RxD1

UART1

SERVO

00000000

0Row01000000000000000

00Row0200000000000000

000Row030000000000000

0000Row04000000000000

00000Row0500000000000

000000R00060000000000

0000000R0007000000000

00000000Row0800000000

000000000Row090000000

0000000000Row01000000

00000000000Row0110000

000000000000Row012000

0000000000000Row01300

00000000000000Row0140

000000000000000Row015

RESET2019

18

17

16

KNOB

OK

SW1

ON

Rowl00 rld00Wo

Recommended digital port for LED8 interfacing

For example, LED8 gets data 10110001.It drives LED on and off following thedata value.

At the bit is "1", output pin that is sameposition also has +5V to send out.

At pin 7, 5, 4 and 0 will send out +5Vbut for pin 6, 3, 2 and 1 will be 0V.

+5V +5V +5V +5V

IPST-SE board send theserial data to set thedisplay of LED8 board.

Figure 8-3 : The operation of LED on LED8 board that related with its output

port.


Practical 2 : 8-ch. LED controller

Practical 2-1 : Binary LED controller

This practical demonstrates how to control 8-LED on LED8 board with simple binary

number value.

Hardware connection

Connect pin 20 of IPST-SE board with LED8 board by using JST3AA-8 cable

Procedure

2.1.1 Open the Wiring 1.0 IPST-SE software. Create the new sketch file. Type the code following

the Listing L2-1. then save as the sketch to LED8test.



Figure L2-1 : Connection diagram for practical 2 and 3

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

MSB LSB

+5V

RxD

GN

D

Secondary Education


27A3 30A6

29A526A2

28A425A1

24

A0

USB

D

9SDA 8SCL

12

13

14

15

SV0

SV1

SV2

SV3

126VG

136VG

146VG

156VG

21

DC M

OTO

R

3 TxD1

LOW+5

2 RxD1

UART1

SERVO

00000000

0Row01000000000000000

00Row0200000000000000

000Row030000000000000

0000Row04000000000000

00000Row0500000000000

000000R00060000000000

0000000R0007000000000

00000000Row0800000000

000000000Row090000000

0000000000Row01000000

00000000000Row0110000

000000000000Row012000

0000000000000Row01300

00000000000000Row0140

000000000000000Row015

RESET2019

18

17

16

KNOB

OK

SW1

ON

Rowl00 rld00Wo

Connect withJST3AA-8 cable


2.1.3 Run the sketch and observe the LED8 board operation.

LED at bit 0 and 7 of LED8 board are turned on following the received data 10000001.

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

2.1.4 Edit the code to change the displayed data as LED8(0b11110000); then compile and

upload to IPST-SE board.

The result is as follows :

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

2.1.5 Edit the code again to change the data as led8(0b00011000); then compile and upload

to IPST-SE board

The result is as follows :

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0


void setup()

{

pinLED8(20); // Connect LED8 to pin 20 of IPST-SE board

}

void loop()

{

LED8(0b10000001); // LED at bit 7 and 0 only are on

}

Code description

The operation of this code is binary data 10000001 should be send to LED8 from

executation of LED8(); function. Pin 20 is used to connect from declaration by pinLED8();

fuinction in setup()

8-bit binary data presents all 8-LED position of LED8 board. Each bit gets “1”, LED at same

position will be turned on. In the other hands, any bit that get “0” the LED at same position

also shoud be off.

Listing L2-1 : Led8test.pde ; the sketch file for demonstration controlling LED

8 channels with one pin of IPST-SE board


2.1.6 Create the new sketch file. Type the code following the Listing L2-2. then save as the

sketch to LED8binary.




All 8-LED show the binary data from 00000000 to 11111111 and restart again. The

data exchange rate is 0.3 second


void setup()

{}

void loop()

{

unsigned char i=0;

while(1)

{

LED8(20,i++);

// Set pin 20 to control LED8 board and send 8-bit binary data to show.

// Displayed data is binary counter from 00000000 to 111111111

delay(300);

}

}

Code description

The displayed data is set by i variable. It is char type. Value is counted from 00000000 to

11111111. The data is send to LED8 board via LED8(); function with single line syntax. It is

set pin and follow the displayed data. With this method, the code is short and easier to

understand.

Listing L2-2 : Led8binary.pde; the sketch file for controlling LED 8 channels

to show 8-bit binary counter


Practical 2-2 : 8-blinking LED

This practical demonstrates how to control LED8 board to drives 8-LED for making the

simple blinking LED 8 channels project.

Hardware connection


Procedure


the Listing L2-3. then save as the sketch to LED8blink.




All LED on the LED8 board are blink every 1 second.


void setup()

{}

void loop()

{

LED8(20,0b11111111); // Set all LED to on

sleep(500); // Delay 0.5 second

LED8(20,0b00000000); // Set all LED to off

sleep(500); // Delay 0.5 second

}

Code description

This code prepare 2 binary data sets for sending to LED8 board with LED8(); function.

First data is 11111111. It causes all LED on the LED8 board turning on. Second data is

00000000. It causes all LED turning off.

Blinking rate is set by sleep(); function. It is equal to 500 millisecond or 0.5 second.

Listing L2-3 : Led8blink.pde; the sketch file for controlling LED 8 channels as

blinking light


Practical 3 : Control LED with special technics

Practiocal 3-1 : 8-bit running light

This practical demonstrates the programming technic for control 8-LED to work as 2-

way running lights.

Hardware connection


Procedure


the Listing L3-1. then save as the sketch to LED8running.




LED will on only 1 dot start from last right bit (bit 0) to last left (bit 7). Next, shift back

from bit 7 to bit 0 and loop to restart again continuously. The operation will similar 8- running

light.

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

loop to restart



void setup()

{

// Title message on color GLCD screen

glcdClear();

glcd(0,0,"Example: LED8_02");

glcd(2,0,"connect LED8 to (20)");

glcd(4,0,"LED running LEFT");

glcd(5,0," and RIGHT");

pinLED8(20); // Set pin 20 for interfacing

}

void loop()

{

int i;

for (i=0;i<8;i++) // Set loop to shift data

{

LED8(0x01<<i); // Shift left and send data to LED8.

// Default data is 00000001


}

for (i=6;i>0;i--) // Set loop to shift right

{

LED8(0x01<<i); // Shift right and send data to LED8.


}

}

Code description

This code operation use sending data via LED8(); function to turn on LED only one dot

from bit 0 to 7 positon in 0.3 second and back from bit 7 to bit 0. Loop to restart continuous.

Important technic is shifting data both left and right direction. There is 0.3 second delay

time between each shifting.

Shift rate is set by delay(); function. If set less than 300, it causes shfit rate is faster. It means

running LED run faster.

Listing L3-1 : Led8running.pde; the sketch file for making 8-running light

project


Practical 3-2 : Driving LED with look-up table technic

This practical demonstrates how to control 8-bit LED by sending the data from look-up

table programming technic and array.

Hardware connection


Procedure


the Listing L3-1. then save as the sketch to LED8pattern.




LEDs are turning on follows the data 4 patterns. It starts from pattern 1 to 4 and back

from pattern 4 to 1. Next, restart again continuously

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Loop to restart

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Pattern 1

Pattern 2

Pattern 3

Pattern 4

Pattern 4

Pattern 3

Pattern 2

Pattern 1

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0



int pattern[]= { // Set pattern display

0b00011000, // Pattern #1

0b00111100, // Pattern #2

0b01111110, // Pattern #3

0b11111111}; // Pattern #4

void setup()

{


glcdClear();

glcd(0,0,"Example: LED8_pattern");


glcd(4,0,"Pattern LED demo");

pinLED8(20); // Set pin 20 to interface

}

void loop()

{

int i;

for (i=0;i<4;i++) // Set pattern sequence

{

LED8(pattern[i]); // Show LED pattern 1 to 4

delay(300);

}

for (i=2;i>0;i--) // Change pattern sequence

{

LED8(pattern[i]); // Show LED pattern from 4 to 1

delay(300);

}

}

Code description

The displayed data of this code is different from previoius practical. This code use look-

up table technic. The data table contains 4 of array variables. It uses i variable as index to get

the data from table and send to display with LED8(); function. All data pattern will show 0.3

second each.

Listing L3-2 : Led8pattern.pde; the sketch file for driving 8-bit LED with look-up

table technic and array


Practical 3-3 : Bar graph display

This practical demonstrates how to control 8-bit LED to display in bar graph pattern.

Hardware connection


Procedure


the Listing L3-1. then save as the sketch to LED8bargraph.




LED is turning on from last left bit (bit 0) following bit 1 (bit 0 still on). Then LED in next

bit will on until complete 8 bits. Next round, LED will be turnning off each bit. Begin from bit

7 until bit 1. After that, it will loop to restart again continuously. The display operation looks

like bar graph that increase and decrease values alltime.

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Loop to restart7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Next step

Experimenter can use this technic to develop the code for showing the signal value

from analog sensors in bar graph pattern. The minimum value is presented by one LED and

maimum value is presented by all LED turning on.



void setup()

{


glcdClear();

glcd(0,0,"Example: LED8_bar");


glcd(4,0,"Solid bargraph demo");

pinLED8(20); // Set pin 20 to interface

}

void loop()

{

int i,n;

n=0;

for (i=0;i<8;i++)

{

n|=(0x01<<i); // Create the displayed data by OR operation

LED8(n);

delay(300);

}

for (i=7;i>0;i--)

{

n&=0xff^(0x01<<i); // Create the displayed data by AND operation

LED8(n);

delay(300);

}

}

Code description

The displayed data of this code is created by logic operator both OR (|) and AND (&).

OR operation will keep the bit data “1”. Use this operator for increasing LED turning on.

About AND operation use to clear the MSB bit each bit to decrease the LED turning on.

Listing L3-3 : Led8bargraph.pde; the sketch file for driving 8-bit LED as bar

graph display


This chapter is an introduction to using the switch input board with microcontroller of

IPST-SE board. Learn about how to read the input signal to process and control the output

devices following the setting condition.

About practicals are presented in this chapter, experimenters can use the knowledge

to make a simple control system project that detects input from the switch. Then set the

program is designed to respond to something. For example, when the switch is pressed the

system responds with turn on or off the lights, drives the motor, send temperature information

to display on a computer that is connected.

9.1 Introduction of switch

The most familiar form of switch is a manually operated electromechanical device

with one or more sets of electrical contacts, which are connected to external circuits. Each set

of contacts can be in one of two states: either "closed" meaning the contacts are touching and

electricity can flow between them, or "open", meaning the contacts are separated and the

switch is nonconducting. The mechanism actuating the transition between these two states

(open or closed) can be either a "toggle" (flip switch for continuous "on" or "off") or "momentary"

(push-for "on" or push-for "off") type. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch)

9.1.1 Push-button switch/Tactile switch

Push-button switch or Tactile switches are commonly used in many consumer electronic

devices. They have a small footprint and come in many sizes and gram forces. A push-button

switch has only two states ON and OFF.

Push-button switch have many package with solder tag type, PCB type, panel mounted

type, etc. Some type includes the built-in LED. Normally, the push-button or tactile switch has

at least 2 pins for connection. In micrcocontroller applications, this switch is used to generate

the digital input signal. Almost connect one pin with the pull-up resistor to set the logic state

as “HIGH” or “1” when open circuit and connect this point to microcontroller input port.

Microcontroller will read the status from this point. Other pin of switch normally connect to

ground. When the switch is pressed, the connection point is connected to ground. The logic

is changed to “0”. Microcontroller detects it and activate following the condition that defined

in the opertion program.

Figure 9-1 shows some technical information about push-button switch or tactile switch

that used in microcontroller applications.

Chapter 9

Reading switch


9.1.2 How to connect switch to use in digital circuit

One of the most common means of entering information into a digital system is the

use of switches or a keyboard. Examples might be the switches on a digital clock, the keys on

a calculator, or the large keyboard on a microcomputer. This section will detail several methods

of using a switch to enter data into either TTL or CMOS digital circuits.

There is 3 simple switch interface circuits are depicted in figure 9-2 to 9-4. Pressing the

push-button switch in figure 9-2 will drop the input of the TTL inverter to ground level or LOW.

Releasing the push-button switch to opens the switch. The input to the TTL inverter now is

allowed to “float.” In TTL, inputs usually float at a HIGH logic level.

Rubber button

(c) symbol

(a) one kind of tactile switch

Figure 9-1 : Summary technical information of push-button switch/tactile switch

for microcontroller practical in this chapter

R14k7

+5V

S1

R14k7

+5V

S1

Press buttonto close circuit Current flow

direction

No current flowbecause open circuit

Output = +5Vas logic "1"

Output = 0Vas logic "0"

No press button

(d) basic circuit for microcontrollerapplication

(b) equivalent circuit

OutputS1

Figure 9-2 : Simple active-low switch

interface


S1

+5V

R110k

Connect todigital input pinof microcontroller

S1

R1100k

+5V

Connect todigital input pinof microcontroller

Floating inputs for digital port of microcontroller are not dependable. Figure 9-3 is a

slight refinement of the switch input circuit in Figure 9-2. The 10k resistor has been added to

make sure the microcontroller input pin goes HIGH when the switch is open. The10k

resistor is called a pull-up resistor. Its purpose is to pull the input voltage up to +5 V. Both

circuits in Figure 9-2 and 9-3 illustrate active LOW switches. They are called active LOW

switches because the inputs go LOW only when the switch is activated.

An active HIGH input switch is sketched in Figure 9-4. When the input switch is activated,

the +5 V is connected directly to the digital input of microcontroller. When the switch is

released (opened) the input is pulled LOW by the pull-down resistor.

9.1.3 Contact bounce of switches

Contact bounce (also called chatter) is a common problem with mechanical

switches. Switch contacts are usually made of springy metals that are forced into contact

by an actuator. When the contacts strike together, their momentum and elasticity act

together to cause bounce. The result is a rapidly pulsed electrical current instead of a

clean transition from zero to full current.

Figure 9-3 : Simple active-low switch

interface using pull-up resistor. The idle

state is logic “1”

Figure 9-4 : Simple active-high switch

interface using pull-down resistor. The

idle state is logic “0”

S1

+5V

OUTPUT

R110k

+5V

0V

S1

+5V

OUTPUT

R110k

+5V

0V

S1

+5V

R110k

+5V

0V

Glitch from switch pressingGlitch from switch releasing

Figure 9-5 : The switch bouncing in digital circuit


The digital logic circuits are particularly vulnerable to contact bounce. The voltage

waveform produced by switch bounce usually violates the amplitude and timing

specifications of the logic circuit. The result is that the circuit may fail, due to problems

such as metastability, race conditions, runt pulses and glitches. Figure 9-5 shows the switch's

bouncing in digital circuit.

The switch interface circuits in figure 9-2 to 9-4 work well for some applications.

However, none of the switches in all figures were debounced. The lack of a debouncing

circuit can be demonstrated by operating the counter. Each press of the input switch

should cause the decade (0-9) counter to increase by 1. However, in practice each press

of the switch increases the count by 1, 2, 3, or sometimes more. This means that several

pulses are being fed into the clock (CLK) input of the counter each time the switch is

pressed. This is caused by switch bounce.

9.1.4 Debounce switch with Timing based

Timing based techniques rely on adding sufficient delays to prevent bounce being

detected. Their big advantage is they do not require any special design on the switch side and

so are generally cheaper. However for good performance they must be designed to suit the

switch (too much delay and the response will be needlessly sluggish, too little and bounce

will not be eliminated).

There are 2 methods for solving the bounced switch or call “Debouncing”. One is

hardware method by using RC circuit and solve by software technic.

Figure 9-6 is one example RC integrator circuit that co-working with inverter gate. If an

on/off switch is used with a pull up (or pull down) resistor and a single capacitor is placed

over the switch (you can also place it across the resistor but this can cause nasty spikes of

current on the power supply lines) then when the switch is closed (generally pressed) the

S1

+5V

OUTPUT

R110k

R2 R3

C1

RC integrator

Figure 9-6 : Add RC integrator circuit to debouce the switch.


capacitor will almost instantly discharge through the switch. But when the switch is opened

(generally released) the capacitor takes some time to recharge. Therefore contact bounce will

have negligible effect on the output. The slow edges can be cleaned up with a schmitt trigger

if necessary. This method has the advantage of fast response to the initial press but the current

surges through the switch may be undesirable. Other RC based systems are also possible with

various responses and such systems are probably the easiest method when constructing with

simple logic gates and discrete components.

The second method is software technic. There are summarized procedure as follows :

(1) Read the first pressing of switch.

(2) Delay 0.1 to 1 second

(3) Read the switch status again

If status or data is same, it means the switch is pressed

If not, it means data that read may be noise from switch bouncing.

9.2 Digital input function of C/C++ programmingfor ipst.h library

All functions of C/C++ that use in practical of this chapter are located to library

ipst_in_out.h. Includes in, sw_OK and sw1 function. This library must be included at the top

of the program with the command #include as follows :


9.2.1 in

Read data from the specific digital port

Syntax

char in(x)

Parameter

x - Digital pin of IPST-SE board. It is 0 to 30. Pin 19 or 20 is NOT recommended.

Return value

0 or 1

Example 9-1

char x; // Declare x variable for keeping reading input data

x = in(16); // Read pin 16 and store data to x variable.


9.2.2 sw_OK()

Read status of the OK switch on the IPST-SE board.

Syntax

unsigned char sw_ok()

Retun value

1 (true) when the switch is pressed

0 (false) no press the switch

Note : Pressing the OK switch effects to KNOB value as 0 (zero)

Example 9-2


void setup()

{

glcdClear();

}

void loop()

{

if (sw_OK()) // Check OK switch pressing

{

glcdFillScreen(GLCD_YELLOW); // Change background to yellow

delay(3000); // Show time 3 seconds

}

glcdClear(); // Clare screen and set backgoround color to black

}

9.2.3 sw_OK_press()

Loop to check the OK switch pressing function

Example 9-3

............

sw_OK_press(); // Wait until the OK switch is pressed

.............


9.2.4 sw1_press

This function loops to check the SW1 pressing. It returns value after switch is released.

Syntax

void sw1_press()

Example 9-4

................

sw1_press(); // Wait until the SW1 is pressed and released

................

9.2.5 sw1

This function check the SW1 pressing in any time.

Syntax

char sw1()

Return value

“0” - SW1 is pressed

“1” - SW1 is not pressed

Example 9-5

char x; // Declare x variable for keeping the value

x = sw1(); // Get SW1 status and store to x variable


Practical 4 : LED controlled switch

Practical 4-1 : LED controlled switch #1 (Using OK switch)

Hardware connection

Connect ZX-LED to pin 17 of IPST-SE board

Procedure


the Listing L4-1. then save as the sketch to swOK_LED.



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00000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

RESET2019

18

17

16

KNOB

OK

SW1

ON

Hello0 rld00Wo

Press OK

ZX

-LE

D+ S

+

S

O

Use both theOK and SW1switch toinput devicesfor setting theoperation.

Figure L4-1 : Connection diagram for practical 4



void setup()

{


glcd(1,1,"Press OK"); // Show message

sw_OK_press(); // Wait until OK switch is pressed

glcdClear(); // Clear screen and set background to black

}

void loop()

{

if (sw_OK()) // Check the OK switch pressing

{

out(17,0); // Turn off LED at pin 17 with 2 seconds

delay(2000);

}

out(17,1); // Turn on LED at pin 17

}

Code description

This code starts with showing the title message that let to press the OK switch for

starting After pressing, enter to main operation in loop(). Check the pressing of OK switch

again. If no pressing, IPST-SE board will turn on LED at pin 17. Keep this operation until OK

switch is pressed.

When the OK switch is pressed, the condition is true. IPST-SE board send data "0" to

turn off LED at pin 17 about 2 seconds following delay(); function executation. Next, exit

from if condition to executes out(); function to turn on LED at pin 17 again and back to

check the OK switch pressing.

4.1.4 Run the sketch and see operation.

IPST-SE monitor shows title message and wait for OK switch pressing. After press, LED

at pin 17 is on.

4.15 Press the OK switch again and release.

LED of ZX-LED at pin 17 will off about 2 seconds and back to on again. It operates with

this condition continuously.

Listing L4-1 : swOK_LED.pde; the sketch file for demonstration the LED

controlled switch


Practical 4-2 : LED controlled switch #2 (Using SW1 switch)

This practical add a switch. It is SW1 switch. It also located in IPST-SE board. This practical setSW1 to control LED with toggle operation. Press to turn on LED and press again to turn off.

Hardware connection


Procedure


the Listing L4-2. then save as the sketch to sw1_LED.



4.2.3 Run the sketch and see operation.

IPST-SE monitor shows title message and wait for OK switch pressing.

4.2.4 Press the OK switch and release.

4.2.5 Press and release the SW1 switch 3 times. Observe the ZX-LED operation.

LED of ZX-LED at pin 17 will on, off and on following the pressing of SW1 switch. That

is the SW1 is a LED controlled toggle switch.

4.2.6 Press SW1 and hold a moment. Observe the ZX-LED operation.

LED of ZX-LED at pin 17 will keep its status during the SW1 is preesed and toggle

immediately after released.



int i=0;

void setup()

{


glcd(1,1,"Press OK"); // Show message



}

void loop()

{

if (sw1()) // Check SW1 pressing

{

out(17,i^=1); // Toggle LED at pin 17

while(sw1())

delay(5);

}

}

Code description

This code has some function for detecting two switches. They are sw_OK_press();

function for OK switch and sw1(); function for SW1 switch. The first function is located in

setup() for waiting the OK switch pressing to begin.

After enter the main loop, microcontroller waits for SW1 is pressed. When done, it will

send data to pin 17 by using exclusive-OR operator with i variable value. It is i^=1 command.

It cause the data invert or toggle. Possible to use i=~i command. It can work same.

Thus, everytime that press a SW1 switch. It cause toggle operation at pin 17 of IPST-SE

board. LED is connected will on and off for every pressing.

About while(sw1()) loop and delay(5); function are used to debouncing switch. It helps

each pressing switch as more stable.

Listing L4-2 : sw1_LED.pde; the sketch file for demonstration the LED controlled

switch by using SW1 of IPST-SE board in toggle mode


Practical 5 : Counter switch

Hardware connection

Connect the ZX-SWITCH01 to pin 16 of IPST-SE board

Procedure

5.1 Open the Wiring 1.0 IPST-SE software. Create the new sketch file. Type the code following

the Listing L5-1. then save as the sketch to CounterSwitch.

5.2 Compile and upload the sketch to IPST-SE board by clicking on the button or choose

at menu File > Upload to Wiring Hardware

5.3 Run the sketch and see operation.

IPST-SE monitor shows title message and wait for OK switch pressing.

5.4 Press the OK switch and release.

At the monitor, it shows COUNTER message and wait for pressing switch at pin 16.

5.5 Press the ZX-SWITCH01 board that connect with pin 16 to start counting.

IPST-SE will show the counting value following the ZX-SWITCH01 pressing. Counter is

start fron 0 and incresed every pressing. Counter will count continue after release and press

the switch again. If hold the switch, counter operation is also hold.

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00000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

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KNOB

OK

SW1

ON

Hello0 rld00Wo

COUNTER

27

ZX-Switch01

+ S

+

S

D

Use OK switchfor starting theoperation

Count switch




int i=0; // Declare counter variable

void setup()

{

setTextSize(2); // Set rtext size as 2x

glcd(1,3,"Start"); // Show Start message



glcd(1,2,"COUNTER"); // Show message COUNTER

setTextSize(3); // Ste text size as 3x

glcd(3,3,"0"); // Set zero

}

void loop()

{

if (in(16)==0) // Check the switch pressing at pin 16

{

i=i++; // Increase counter

glcd(3,3,"%d",i); // Show count value

while(in(16)==0) // Check switch released

delay(5);

}

}

Code description

This code use in(); function to detect the switch pressing at pin 16. When done, it

increases counter and shows on the screen.

About while(in(16)==0) loop and delay(5); function are used to debouncing switch. It

helps each pressing switch as more stable.

Listing L5-1 : CounterSwitch.pde; the sketch file for demonstration about getting

input from switch to increase value. It is idea for making the simple digital

counter.


Electrical signal has 2 kinds; analog and digital signal. Analog signal is correlated with

the time and amplitude change. Digital signal is changed only two states; high and low. Usually

has a voltage of + 5V for logic high or "1" and 0V for logic low or "0". However the logic “1”

voltage level for modern digital devices is down to + 3.3V or 1.8V depending on the digital

device technology . For basic learning still desbribes the logic “1” voltrage as + 5V level.

Figure 10-1 shows the difference between analog and digital signals.

This chapter presents the basic knowledge about analog signal, how to use

microcontroller with analog signal, introduce the analog sensor and some practical of analog

sensor intrerfacing with IPST-SE controller board.

V

t

t1 0 1 0 1 0

1

Vp Data

(b) Example of the digital signalThere is only 2 levels : high ("1") andlow ("0")

V

t

Vp

V

t

Vp

t1 0 1 0 0 1

1

Data

1

t0 1 0 1 1 0

1

Data

0

(a) Example of the analog signal.Amplitude changing relate with time.

Figure 10-1 : Example of analog and digital signal

Chapter 10

Analog sensor


10.1 Analog signal

There is 3 types : DC signals, time-domain and frequency-domain

DC signal : This is the measure of the level of the signal. This signal is changing not so

fast. Example of this signal are temperature, level, flow, pressure, flow rate, weight, etc. The

analog-to-digital (ADC: Analog to Digital Converter) low speed is minimum requirement to convert

the voltage signal to digital data.

Time-domain signal : It is signal that measure of what happened to a parameter of the

system versus time. Voltage or current is expressed as a function of time. Most people are

relatively comfortable with time domain representations of signals. Signals measured on an

oscilloscope are displayed in the time domain and digital information is often conveyed by a

voltage as a function of time. For example is ECG signal (Electrocardiogram). It is the electrical

activity of the heart in exquisite detail. This signal type necessary to use the analog to digital

signal converter with high speed sampling rate.

Frequency-domain signal : This signal type can also be represented by a magnitude and

phase as a function of frequency. Signals that repeat periodically in time are represented by a

power spectrum. Signals that are time limited. Example of this signal is the radio frequency (RF)

signal, audio signal, etc. Requires some special hardware to analysis such as the digital signal

processing board (DSP) works with the high speed analog to digital convewrter circiuit.

10.2 Why does microcontroller read analog signal ?

The main reason for the microcontroller to interface and read with analog signal is read

the physical quantities in the form of electrical signals to process and control the system.

In figure 10-2 shows the basic operation diagram of microcontroller’s analog reading. It

consists of 4 parts as follows :

1. Sensor unit

2. Signal conditioning circuit

3. Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)

4. Microcontroller

10.2.1 Sensor unit

Sensor is devices that convert the physical quantities to electrical signal. There are many

kinds of sensor in the world such as thermocouple, thermistor, flow sensor, light sensor, distance

sensor, etc.


10.1.2 Signal condition circuit

The main function of the signal condition circuit is improve the quality of the electrical

signals from any sensors before send to microcontroller. It may be necessary to adjust the scale,

amplitude, converts tolinear, filters and splits the signal ground (common-mode rejection).

The m ain function of the signal condition ciurcuit is amplification. Because the sensor’

s normally is very low in millivolts (mV) or 1 / 1000V unit and often with noise from the power

supply. The signal condition circuit will amplify and reject noise to as good as signal befroe

send to the analog bto digital converter circuit.

10.1.3 Analog to digital converter circuit (ADC)

An analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D or A to D) is an electronic integrated

circuit, which converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers.

Typically, an ADC is an electronic device that converts an input analog voltage (or

current) to a digital number. The digital output may be using different coding schemes, such as

binary, Gray code or two’s complement binary. Analog signal is converted to digital valuse by

sampling method.

Figure 10-2 : Analog reading diagram of microcontroller

Physicalquantities

temperature,light, pressure,

sound, etc.Sensor

Signal conditioncircuit

Analog to digitalconverter

Result is DC voltage.Maximum level is not

more than the rating ofADC input voltage.

Normally, it is 0 to +5V

10001000

01110110

00011101

11100110

Digital data is send tomicrocontroller. Size of data is

depended on resolution ofconversion.

Normally, it is 8-bit or higher

11111010

oC

Microcontroller

electrical signal(volt/current/resistance)


The main feature of ADC ciurcuit is the resolution of conversion. Most ADC circuit formicrocontroller and instrument application has the resolution at least 8-bit. It gives data 256 values; 0to 255. The higher the resolution is better. It will provide a more accurate conversion. But there willbe a higher cost of the system as well.

10.1.4 Microcontroller

Microcontroller is a digital device. To read the analog signal directly, it need an analog

to digital converter circuit. The old style microcontroller are no converter module within the

chip. Must use the external ADC integrated circuit. The resolution of ADC ICs starts at 8, 10,

12, 16-bit or higher.

The modern microcontroller incorporates an ADC module inside the chip. To reduce

the size of the overall system. The signal processing is faster and the total cost of the system

down with it.

Digital data derived from analog-to-digital converter will be sent to the data bus to be

processed and used to make decisions to control the operation of the system.

For the IPST-MicroBOX [SE] uses the ATmega644P a microcontroller with integrated 8-

ch. ADC moducle and 10-bit resolution. It helps to read any analog sensor easier and fast.

10.2 Analog to digital conversion

To convert analog signal to digital. Signal will be converted into digital by sampling as

shown in Figure 10-3, if the analog-to-digital converter has 8-bit resolution. The conversion data

are 28 or 256 values. If 10-bit resolution, the result of binary data values as high as 210 or 1,024.

Figure 10-3 : Sampling the analog singal for assigning the digital data

000101101111

001101100111

Digital data

Analog input signal

Sampling period


The resolution of the analog-to-digital converter is proportional to the number of bits

output. For ADC 10-bit resolution, the converted data is up to 1,024 values which represents

as a binary code of 0000000000 to 1111111111.

if the input from 0 to +5 V, so the resolution is :

V00501024

5.

If binary data 0000000001 (1 bit) represents 0.005V. Thus, voltage 3V will be equal :

6000050

3

. 10

Convert to binary is equal 10010110002.

10.3 Analog function of C/C++ programmingfor reading analog sensor of IPST-MicroBOX (SE)

To helps all experiments and learners who use the IPST-MicroBOX [SE] in analog sensor

interfacing, in main library provides two functions for reading the analog signal. They are

analog(); and knob(); Reading with analog(); and knob(); function get the result 0 to 1,023 in

decimal or 0x0000 to 0x03FF in hexadecimal. Because the resolution of conversion is 10-bit.

10.3.1 analog

This gets digital data from the analog to digital converter module of any analog port; A0

to A6 of the IPST-SE board.

Syntax

unsigned int analog(unsigned char channel)

Parameter

channel - Analog input port. It is 0 to 6 (means A0 to A6)

Return value

Digital data from analog to digital converter module. The value is 0 to 1023 (in

decimal). It represents 0 to +5Vdc.

10.3..2 knob( )

Read the KNOB button data of the IPST-SE board.

Syntax

unsigned int knob()

Retuen value

Digital data from analog to digital converter module of KNOB button. It is 95

to 1,023


Practical 6 : Simple analog sensor interfacing

This practical demonstrates how to connect the analog sensor with IPST-SE controller

board to read value, process data and apply to make simple aplication or project. The work of

this will vary according to the nature and purpose of each sensor such as temperature sensors

that provide temperature changes associated with voltage output, light sensor also change the

intensity of the light to voltage.

The simpleast analog sensor is ZX-POTV (Potentiometer). It is variable resistor module.

The first practical of reading analog sensor will use it to read value and make simple application.

Practical 6-1 : Reading sensor

This is getting start to interface with analog sensor practical. To read and show the

sensor value from input A1 on the IPST-SE monitor

Hardware connection

Connect output of ZX-POTV module with pin A1 of IPST-SE board.

Procedure


the Listing L6-1. then save as the sketch to AnalogTest.

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00000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

RESET2019

18

17

16

KNOB

OK

SW1

ON

0 00

Analog

583

ZX

-PO

TV

A

2.847

Volts

Figure L6-1 : Connection diagram for practical 6-1



void setup()

{

glcdClear();


}

void loop()

{

glcd(0,2,"Analog"); // Show message

val = analog(1); // Read sensor at pin A1 and store to variable


glcd(1,2,"%d ",val); // Show sensor raw data


glcd(5,3,"Volts"); // Show message “Volts”

volts = (float(val)*5)/1024; // Convert to Volt unit

setTextSize(3); //Set text size as 3x

glcd(4,1,"%f",volts); // Show data 3-decimnal point floating number

setTextSize(2); //Set text size as 2x

}

Code description

The value of the DC voltage from the sensor at pin A1 of IPST-SE board is converted to

digital data and formatted as a decimal value between 0 and 1023 from analog (); function.

Then, send to show on the color graphic LCD of IPST-SE board continue with glcd(); function.

In addition, the program also calculate the raw data to voltage unit in Volts by using

equation volts = (val x 5) / 1024. Also shows the result on color GLCD of IPST-SE with 3-

decimnal point resolution.

In displaying all result, set the text size different to separate the message and data for

easier to unbderstanding.

Listing L6-1 : AnalogTest.pde; the sketch file for reading analog sensor of

IPST-SE board




6.1.3 Turn the shaft of potentiometer on ZX-POT and see the operation at IPST-SE board.

The graphic display shows the data from sensor at pin A1. It is between 0 and 1023

(compared to a voltage of 0 to +5V. )

At the bottom half of the screen, shows voltage value that related with raw data above.

It is between 0.000 to 4.995. (compared with 0 to 1023).

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00000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

RESET2019

18

17

16

KNOB

OK

SW1

ON

0 00

Analog

0

ZX

-PO

TV

A

0.000

Volts

urn the shaft of

potentiometer tominimum position

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00000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

RESET2019

18

17

16

KNOB

OK

SW1

ON

0 00

Analog

1023

ZX

-PO

TV

A

4.995

Volts

Turn the shaft ofpotentiometer tomaximum position


Practical 6.2 : LED controller with analog signal

This practical demonstrates simple application about using variable resistor to control

turning on and off LED.

Hardware connection


Connect output of ZX-POTV to pin A1 of IPST-SE board

Procedure


the Listing L6-1. then save as the sketch to AnalogTest.

6.2.2 Compile and upload the sketch to IPST-SE board by clicking on the button or choose


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00000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

RESET2019

18

17

16

KNOB

OK

SW1

ON

0 00

Analog

ZX

-PO

TV

A

108

ZX

-LE

D

+ S

+

S

O

control

Switch

Turn the shaft of potentiometer




int val=0; // Declare variable

void setup()

{

glcdClear();


glcd(1,2,"Analog"); // Show message

glcd(2,2,"control");

glcd(3,2,"Switch");

}

void loop()

{

val = analog(1); // Read sensor at pin A1 to store at the variable

if(val>512) // Data is more than 512 ?

{


setTextColor(GLCD_RED); // Set to red

glcd(3,1,"%d ",val); // Show sensor data from pin A1

out(17,1); // If val value is more than 512, turn on LED at pin 17

}

else

{


setTextColor(GLCD_WHITE); // Set text color as white

glcd(3,1,"%d ",val); // Show sensor data from pin A1

out(17,0); // If val value is less than 512, turn off LED at pin 17

}


}

Code description

Sensor signal from potentiometer sensor is read by analog (); function and stored in the

variable val to check and send it to display. If the value is less than 512, displayed as white and

send data "0" to turn off LED at pin 17.

Until valus is equal or more than 512, displayed text will change to red and turn on LED

at pin 17 of IPST-SE board.

Listing L6-2 : AnalogSwitch.pde; the sketch file for making the programmable

analog switch controller. It controls LED with analog sensor voltage.


6.2.3 Turn the shaft of potentiometer on ZX-POT and see the operation at IPST-SE board and ZX-

LED module.

When adjust the POT value, The GLCD screen will show raw data in range 0 to 1023.

If data is less than 512, text color is white and LED at pin17 is off. Until the data is equal or

more than 512, the text color is changed to red and LED at pin 17 is on.

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SERVO

00000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

RESET2019

18

17

16

KNOB

OK

SW1

ON

0 00

Analog

ZX

-PO

TV

A

420

ZX

-LE

D

+ S

+

S

O

control

Switch


LED is off27A3 30A6

29A526A2

28A425A1

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A0

USB

D

9SDA 8SCL

12

13

14

15

SV0

SV1

SV2

SV3

126VG

136VG

146VG

156VG

21

DC M

OTO

R

3 TxD1

LOW+5

2 RxD1

UART1

SERVO

00000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

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000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

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000000000000000000000

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RESET2019

18

17

16

KNOB

OK

SW1

ON

0 00

Analog

ZX

-PO

TV

A

520

ZX

-LE

D

+ S

+

S

O

control

Switch

Number is changedto red color


LED is on


Practical 6.3 : Night switch controller

This practical is extending from previously. Change the simple analog sensor from ZX-

POT to Light sensor; ZX-LDR. The operation also is same. It is showing about how to make the

different project with change only the critria and a kind of sensor.

Hardware connection


Connect output + or positive output of ZX-LDR module with pin A1of IPST-SE board

Procedure


the Listing L6-3. then save as the sketch to NightSwitch.

6.3.2 Compile and upload the sketch to IPST-SE board by clicking on the button or choose


27A3 30A6

29A526A2

28A425A1

24

A0

USB

D

9SDA 8SCL

12

13

14

15

SV0

SV1

SV2

SV3

126VG

136VG

146VG

156VG

21

DC M

OTO

R

3 TxD1

LOW+5

2 RxD1

UART1

SERVO

00000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

RESET2019

18

17

16

KNOB

OK

SW1

ON

0 00

Night

98

ZX

-LE

D

+ S

+

S

O

Switch

Potentiometer

ZX-LDR

++

A

Light sensor

Block the light not fall toLDR sensor to change theoutput voltage of ZX-LDRmodule

LED is onif ZX-LDR'sdata is lessthan 100.



Listing L6-3 : NightSwitch.pde; the sketch file for Night switch controller

application


int val=0; // Declare variable to store data

void setup()

{

glcdClear();


setTextColor(GLCD_YELLOW);

glcd(1,2,"Night"); // Show message

glcd(2,2,"Switch");

}

void loop()

{

val = analog(1); // Read data at pin A1 and store to variable

if(val<100) // Check raw data less than 100 or not ?

{

setTextSize(4); // If yes, set text size as 4x

setTextColor(GLCD_WHITE); // Set text color as white

glcd(3,1,"%d ",val); // Show raw data of sensor at pin A1

out(17,1); // If val value is less than 100,

// turn on LED at pin 17

}

else

{

setTextSize(4); // If no, set text size as 4x

setTextColor(GLCD_BLUE); // Set text color as blue

glcd(3,1,"%d ",val); // Show raw data of sensor at pin A1

out(17,0); // If val value is equal or more than 100,

// turn off LED at pin 17

}


}

Code description

This code compares value between reference value (100) with the light sensor value that

read by using analog(1); function and store into val variable. If raw data is more than 100,

displayed number is show with blue color and LED at pin 17 is off.

If raw data of sensor is less than 100, displayed number is change to white and LED at

pin 17 is on.


6.3.3 Use hand or diffuse paper sheet block or filter the light that shine to the LDR sensor on

ZX- LDR module. See the operation at IPST-SE board and ZX-LED module.

If ZX-LDR detects more light density, the raw data is more than 100. The displayed

number is blue color. It is assumed this situation as day time. No need to turn on light. LED at

pin 17 is off.

Until ZX-LDR detectd less light density, raw data is equal or lower than 100. The

operation is changed. Displayed number is changed to white. It is night time. Turn on LED at

pin 17 immediately.

From the operation above, could be called this operation as Twilight Switch or Automatic

night switch.


Practical 7 : Micro-thermometer

This practical demonstrates how to use analog temperature sensor and IPST-SE controller

board to make the digtial thermometer project.

7.1 About MCP9701 Temperature sensor IC

MCP9701 is temperature sensor integrated circuit. It can detect and measure the ambient

temperature. Output is Dc voltage in linear. Recognized the change of temperature in less than

2 seconds. Connect this sensor to the analog input A0 to A6 of IPST-SE board.

Technical features of MCP9701 temperature sensor are as follows :

Tiny Analog Temperature Sensor

Wide Temperature Measurement Range: -40oC to +125oC

Accuracy: ±2oC average

Output voltage/Temperature ratio 19.5mV/oC

Wide Operating Voltage Range +3.1V to +5.5V

No external compensated device require

Hardware connection

Connect the MCP9701 temperature sensor to A3 pin of IPST-SE board

Figure L7-1 : Pin assignment, photo and characreristic graph of MCP9701

Temperature sensor IC.


Procedure

7.1 Open the Wiring 1.0 IPST-SE software. Create the new sketch file. Type the code following

the Listing L7-1. then save as the sketch to MCP9701_Thermometer.

7.2 Compile and upload the sketch to IPST-SE board by clicking on the button or choose


7.3 Run the sketch. Touch the body of temperature sensor and put on the ice. See the measured

temperature of each environment on the IPST-SE display.

IPST-SE board shows the operation message and temperature value in Celcius unit

with 3-decimal point floating number. Only temperature value is displayed with bigger size

(3x) and yellow color.27A3 30A6

29A526A2

28A425A1

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A0

USB

D

9SDA 8SCL

12

13

14

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SV0

SV1

SV2

SV3

126VG

136VG

146VG

156VG

21

DC M

OTO

R

3 TxD1

LOW+5

2 RxD1

UART1

SERVO

00000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

RESET2019

18

17

16

KNOB

OK

SW1

ON

0 00

Digital

26.740

Temperature sensor;MCP9701

THERMO

METER

Celsius



Listing L7-1 : MCP9701_Thermometer.pde; the sketch file of Micro-thermometer

project. It is simple digital thermometer.


int val,i; // Declare variable for temperature data

float Temp; // Declare variable type as floating

void setup()

{



}

void loop()

{

glcd(1,2,"Digital"); // Show title message

glcd(2,2,"THERMO");

glcd(3,3,"METER");

val=0;

for (i=0;i<20;i++) // Set loop for reading the temperature sensor as

// 20 times

{

val = val+analog(3); // Read analog sensor at pin A3

}

val = val/20; // Calculate to average reading data

Temp = (float(val)*0.25) - 20.51 ; // Convert to Celcius unit



glcd(3,1,"%f",Temp); // Show temperature value

// with 3-decinal point floating number

setTextColor(GLCD_WHITE); // Change text color to white


glcd(6,2,"Celsius"); // Show Celcius unit

delay(500); // Delay to restart

}

Code description

The heart of this code is conversion of raw data from reading the temperature sensor to

physical temperature value in Celcius unit. Read data from sensor at pin A3 to store into val

variable. Convert with Temp = (val x 0.25) - 20.51 formula. Then, send value to shows on

the IPST-SE display with 3-decimal point number resolution.

IPST-MicroBOX Secondary Education Lab manual

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Transcript of IPST-MicroBOX Secondary Education Lab manual