IPR protection of plants
-
Upload
vignan-university -
Category
Education
-
view
1.143 -
download
0
Transcript of IPR protection of plants
![Page 1: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1/16/2014 1 Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi.
Presented By
10AB1R0042,
Shajeeya Amren. Sk
Guided By
A. Viswanath,
R. Karthikeyan,
Vignan Pharmacy College
![Page 2: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
1/16/2014 2 Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi.
![Page 3: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Protection
• The term protection is to be understood in the
sense of intellectual property (IP) protection.
• MAPs can be protected by way of patents or plant
breeder’s right.
• The term protection does not refer to the concept
of protection in environmental law, or to the
concept of preservation or conservation. 1/16/2014 3 Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi.
![Page 4: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind:
inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols,
names, images, and designs used in commerce.
……..WIPO
• UN organization dedicated to promoting the use and
protection of works of the human spirit.
• Headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.
• 185 nations as member states.
• Manages all IPs.
• Training through Academy and Seminars 1/16/2014 4 Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi.
![Page 5: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Reward original efforts
• Stimulate innovation and creativity
• Prevent duplication of work
• Commercial value in research
• Prevent exploitation of workers
• Technical information for research & to prevent
litigation
1/16/2014 5 Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi.
![Page 6: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
IPR
Patents
Copy-Rights
Trade-mark
Ind. Design
Geo-graphical Indication
Int. circuits
Plant Breeder Rights
Trade secrets
1/16/2014 6 Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi.
![Page 7: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Property Right INTELLECT – PROPERTY – RIGHT Idea Expression COPYRIGHT Idea Innovation Invention PATENT Idea Quality + Identity TRADEMARK Idea Appearance DESIGN Idea Keep Confidential No Disclosure
1/16/2014 7 Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi.
![Page 8: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Trade marks –The Trademarks Act 1999
Copy Right Works- The Copyright Act 1957
Designs- lines colours shapes etc. –The Designs Act 2000
Inventions- Products or Process-The Patents Act 1970
Plant variety protection – Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act,
2001
Integrated circuits- The Semiconductor Integrated Circuits Layout-
design Act, 2000
Geographical Indications - Geographical Indications of Goods
(Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 came in force with effect
from September 2003. 1/16/2014 8 Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi.
![Page 9: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Act Ministry/Department
The Copyright Act, 1957 Higher Education
The Patents Act, 1970 Industrial Policy &
Promotion
The Designs Act, 2000 Industrial Policy &
Promotion
The Trade Marks Act, 1999 Industrial Policy &
Promotion
The Geographical Indications of Goods
(Registration and Protection) Act, 1999
Industrial Policy &
Promotion
The Semiconductor Integrated Circuits Layout-
Design Act, 2000
Information Technology
The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’
Rights Act, 2001
Agriculture and Cooperation
1/16/2014 9 Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi.
![Page 10: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Plant Intellectual Protection
Plant Patent
Utility Patent
Plant Patent
Trade Secret
Genetic Mechanism
Hybrid
GURT’s
Contracts
Material Transfer Agreements
Bag Labels
Technology Use Agreements
Plant Breeder Rights
1/16/2014 Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi. 10
![Page 11: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
New Distinct
Uniform Stable
1/16/2014 11 Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi.
Mentha piperita light
Mentha piperita dark
![Page 12: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The patent application must show:
1) novelty
2) non-obviousness, or an inventive step
3) usefulness (US) or industrial applicability (Europe, Australia)
4) enablement
5) claim clarity
6) written description
7) best mode (United States only)
1/16/2014 Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi. 12
![Page 13: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
A utility patent grants the owner the right
to exclude others from:
1) making,
2) using,
3) selling or offering for sale or
4) Importing the protected invention for a 20 year
period* from the earliest file date.
1/16/2014 Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi. 13
![Page 14: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• available in very few countries. The Plant Patent Act was enacted by
US congress in 1930.
• It was introduced primarily to benefit the horticulture industry by
encouraging plant breeding and increasing plant genetic diversity.
• Limited types of plants are eligible for protection
The Plant Patent Act 1930 (35 U.S.C. 161) provides for:
patent protection of all asexually reproduced plants
EXCEPT:
1) tuber-propagated plants and
2) plants found in an uncultivated state. 1/16/2014 Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi. 14
![Page 15: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Requirement for plant protection under TRIPs
International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV)
Plant protection mechanisms provided by sample countries
• Protection confers the right to exclude others from:
1) producing or reproducing,
2) propagating,
3) offering for sale,
4) selling or other marketing,
5) exporting, importing or
6) stocking for any of the above purposes the protected variety.
1/16/2014 Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi. 15
![Page 16: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
A trade secret is confidential information any formula, pattern, device, or
compilation of information that is used in a business and gives that business
an opportunity to obtain advantages over competitors.
• Secrecy: in the form of a confidentiality agreement or covenant. External
forms of protection such as security systems etc also impart the necessary
requirement of secrecy.
• Novelty: The subject of the secrecy must have been novel.
• Value: The subject of the trade secret must be of some value or give some
advantage over competitors.
1/16/2014 Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi. 16
![Page 17: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• In some cases, specialized plant breeding can present an
alternative to intellectual property protection.
• Seeds resulting from hybrids show an extremely poor ability to
reliably reproduce the trait of interest in their progeny or next
generation.
• Genetic Use Restriction Technologies (GURTs) is technology
that allows the control of gene expression of an organism,
further allowing constraints or restrictions on the use of the
organism or trait.
• There are two main types of GURTs: variety-level GURT (v-
GURT) and trait- level GURT (t-GURT).
1/16/2014 Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi. 17
![Page 18: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Material Transfer Agreements
• Material Transfer Agreements (MTAs) are legal agreements made between a
provider and a recipient party when research material is being transferred between
institutions.
Bag Labels
• Bag label contracts are another form of legal protection which can be applied to
plants, especially seeds
Technology Use Agreements
• A technology use agreement is an agreement most commonly between technology
suppliers and farmers which usually controls the right to plant a given seed on a
specific area of land often for a certain period of time. 1/16/2014 Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi. 18
![Page 19: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Plant Patents
• Whoever invents or discovers and asexually reproduces
any distinct and new variety of plant, including
cultivated spores, mutants, hybrids, and newly found
seedlings, other than a tuber propagated plant or a plant
found in an uncultivated state. . . (35 U.S.C. § 161)
– No bacteria or similar single-cell organisms need apply!
1/16/2014 19 Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi.
![Page 20: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Register able varieties and criteria:
New Varieties
Novelty, Distinctiveness, uniformity and stability
Extant varieties
Distinctiveness, uniformity and stability
• Persons who can Register
Breeders, farmers, universities, agricultural institutes
• Period of protection
15 years for annual crops
18 years for trees and vines
Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi. 20 1/16/2014
![Page 21: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• This Law Established Patent Rights For Developers Of New Varieties Of
Many Asexually Propagated Plants.
• Conventional Intellectual Property Law Does Not Adequately Cover Or
Protect Traditional Knowledge And Innovations Of Indigenous And Local
Peoples.
1/16/2014 21 Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi.
![Page 22: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Mohan devan, IPR protection an overall view, journal of intellectual property rights
• Alimpan chatterjee, traditional knowledge herbal medicine and intellectual
property: a debate over rights
• Geertrui van overall intellectual property protection for medicinal and aromatic
plants centre for intellectual property rights, catholic university Leuven, e-mail:
• Bimal b.Bhaskar corporate & IPRpresentation on the protection of plant varieties
• Edmund jason g. Baranda plant variety protection
• Okan arihan, a. Mine gençler özkan2traditional medicine and intellectual property
rights hacettepe university, faculty of medicine, department of pharmacology.
• Internet source: http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/plant/
1/16/2014 22 Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi.
![Page 23: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
I be grateful of my guides
A. Viswanath, R. Karthikeyan
for their immense support and encouragement
I also convey my in depth gratitude
to our beloved principle
Dr P. Srinivasa Babu
![Page 24: IPR protection of plants](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050614/58a04ad41a28ab39648b5e71/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24