IPM : Overview and Key Principles

William Settle, Ph.D

UNFAOAgricultural Production Division

Rome, Italy

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Chemical Insecticides : Are They Really Needed in Intensified Agriculture ?

Source FAO$150 million / yearSubsidies on Pesticides

Eliminated 1987 – 89

INSECTICIDE - INDUCED INSECTICIDE - INDUCED RESURGENCERESURGENCE

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Ibrahim Sogaba, Niono Mali

Age: 25

Working in Fathers kiosk since : Age 8

Insecticides = Food Security Chemical

What is Needed :

• Capacity Building for Environmental Monitoring of Chemicals and assessment of Human Health Risks

• Better Evaluations of Farming Systems looking at the full range of Economic and non-Economic Indicators

ChemicalControl(1950s)

Classical Biocontrol (Late 19th Century)

Conservation Biocontrol (1990s)

“Rational Use”(1980s)

Other Alternatives to Chemicals • Hormone Analogs• Mating Disruption• Insect Diseases• Mechanical Control• Host-plant Resistance

IPM(1960s)

Biological Control

The reduction of pest populations by natural enemies typically involving an active human role

Photo Credit: Dr. Paul Jepson, Oregon State University

Classical Biological Control

The practice of importing, and releasing for establishment, natural enemies to control an introduced (exotic) pest, although it is also practiced against native insect pests.

Photo Credit: Dr. Paul Jepson, Oregon State University

Conservation Biological Control

Habitat Management to Provide Conditions that Promote Biological Control

Based on:• Understanding Community Food Webs

• Manipulating Habitats to create Refuge

• Understanding how Landscapes act as “Filters” for large-scale and long-term movement of organisms

Other Alternatives to Chemicals • Hormone Analogs• Mating Disruption• Insect Diseases• Mechanical Control• Host-plant Resistance

NP Virus on Spodoptera Exigua on Onions in Indonesia

Photo Credit: Dr. Merle Shepard, Clemson University

IPM

AGRONOMY• Soil Management• Water Management• Planting Density• Seeds

Community Based Training( Farmer Field Schools )

MARKETING• Cooperatives• Self Financing• “Warrantage”• Farmer Business Schools

IVMPOST CONFLICT & HIV-AIDS• Junior Farmer Field Schools

Rice – FishAquaculture

IPM : A Natural Entry Point to Community-Based Training

= IPPM

Feeding the Policy Debate

International Forums

National & RegionalLegislative Bodies

Local

IPPM + Environmental

Monitoring• Capacity Building

• Health Risk Assessment

Farmer Field Schools

• More than 50 Countries World-Wide

• 7 Countries in West Africa, 55,000 Farmers trained;

• Targeting 250,000 in next 4 years

• Substantial reductions / elimination of chemical pesticide use

• Substantial increases in yields and profits

Good Alternatives Exist !

At this point we would benefit from :

• Understanding and Demonstrating the Real Costs Associated with Chemical Pesticides

• Commitment by Governments and Donors to Raising Awareness in the General Population and in large-scale Training of Farmers

For more information contact:William Settle

william.settle@fao.org

Thank You