IPM in cotton and cashew
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Transcript of IPM in cotton and cashew
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
IPM in cotton and cashew
Manuele Tamò
insect ecologist
R4D week, Nov 23 2009
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
Developing alternatives to cotton pesticides in
Benin (Dutch Embassy in Benin)
Cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera
Single most important pest in cotton
Resistant to most common synthetic pesticides and 1st gen. bt-cotton
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
- biopesticides:
entomopathogens, neem oil
- trap plants: sunflowers,
marigolds
- conservation of locally
available natural enemies
(parasitoids, spiders etc.)
- integration of all these
options
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
Milieux paysans (Banikoara)
Godou
Ounet
Goumonri
Founougo
Pratiques
Nombre moyen de H.
armigera par
cotonnier
Rendements moyen (kg/ha)
Nombre moyen de H.
armigera par
cotonnier
Rendements moyen (kg/ha)
Nombre moyen de H.
armigera par
cotonnier
Rendements moyen (kg/ha)
Nombre moyen de H.
armigera par
cotonnier
Rendements moyen
(kg/ha)
Huile de neem 0,090 ± 0,031 a 990 ± 248 a 0,056 ± 0,033 a 460,4 ± 99 0,967 ± 0,160 a
333 - 410,4 ± 69
Metarhizium
anisopliae
0,124 ± 0,034 a 1238 ± 35 a 0,061 ± 0,035 a 212,5 ± 6 1,000 ± 0,180 a 238 - 218,8 ± 38
Beauveria
bassiana
0,071 ± 0,051 a 998 ± 43 a 0,045 ± 0,028 a 495,8 ± 84 1,096 ± 0,191 a 340 - 379 ± 65
Conventionnel 0,200 ± 0,108 a 1154,2 ± 211 a 0,085 ± 0,037 a 517 ± 214 1,033 ± 0,165 a 538 - 556 ± 232
Impact of different control methods on bollworm numbers and
cotton yield in Northern Benin
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
How to scale out these options:
Neem oil:
- no need to scale out !
- market driven, as long as one can make a profit
- monitor spill-over effect on other cash crops
Mycopesticides:
- more complicated
- registration, patenting, quality control issues
- economic benefit: investment for production
Trap plants:
- added value (selling of sunflower seeds)
Strategic partnerships:
NARS (other countries), NGOs, private sector, ‘champions’
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
The parasitoid Habrobracon brevicornis
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
Country Villages Producers keeping release bags Release bags
installed
Evaluation
(villages assessed)
Number of millet
spikes observed
Men Women Release villages Control villages
Niger 90 470 25 1303 24 8 14400
Burkina Faso 51 235 20 690 23 5 16350
Mali 31 83 10 465 31 8 17750
Total 172 788 55 2458 78 21 48500
Development of delivery systems: phase II
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
Feasibility for IPM of cashew pests (BMZ):
new challenges in insect ecology
Apate terebrans in action
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
The (invasive?) cashew leafminer Eteoryctis syngramma (Meyrick)
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
Scaling out based on results from feasibility study
Leafminer: classical biological control (inoculative releases)
Helopeltis bugs: augmentative biocontrol + biopesticides
Apate borer: aggregation pheromones + biopesticides