Shaper & Planer Manoj Yadav

Deptt. Of Mech. Engg. IPEC, Ghaziabad

Specifications of Shaping Machine

• Max.length of Stroke of Ram • Type of Drive • Power input • Floor Space required • Weight of the Machine • Cutting to Return Stroke ratio • Feed

SHAPER

SHAPER

6

Quick return mechanism

• Shaper is Machine tool which produces

flat surfaces in horizontal, vertical or

inclined planes depending upon the

orientation of the cutting tool.

Features:

• Single point cutting tool is used for

machining. Tool is clamped in the tool

post mounted on the ram of the machine.

• The ram reciprocates to and fro, tool cuts

the material in the forward stroke, No

cutting during return stroke.

• Job is held rigidly in a vice.

SHAPER

Operations done using a shaper

• Machining Horizontal Surfaces • Machining Vertical Surfaces • Machining Angular Surfaces • Cutting Slots, Grooves & Key ways • Machining irregular surfaces • Machining Splines / Cutting Gears

Main parts of a shaping machine

1. BASE 5. CROSS RAIL

2. COLUMN 6. SADDLE

3. RAM 7. TOOL HEAD

4. TABLE 8. CLAPPER BOX

PARTS OF SHAPER

BASE made of cast iron. Provides

support for other parts of

machine.

COLUMN- box type casting

mounted vertically on top of

base.

• It has 2 guide ways. One

vertical guideway in the front

over which a cross slide moves

up and down.

• 2nd horizontal guide ways on

top over which ram reciprocate.

• The reciprocating mechanism is

housed inside the column

CROSS RAIL : It is mounted on the

f ront vertical guide ways.

• The table can be lowered or raised

by adjusting the cross rail

TABLE: mounted on a saddle which

is located above the cross rail. Top

and sides are accurately machined

and have T slots.

RAM: supports tool head on its front.

It reciprocates on accurately

machined guideways on top of

column

PARTS OF SHAPER TOOL HEAD fitted on the face of

ram. Holds the tool rigidly.

• Provide vertical and angular feeds

for the tool

• Tool head can be positioned at

any angle

MP II UNIT 3 SHAPER AND PLANER

MECH DEPT KSSEM 2013 14

Classification of shapers

1 Position of ram travel

• Horizontal Shaper- Ram holding the cutting tool moves In

horizontal plane

• Vertical Shaper-The cutting tool moves in vertical plane

• Traveling head Shaper-Cutting tool reciprocates & moves

cross wise simultaneously

2 Acc. to Cutting Stroke action

a) Push Type Shaper- Standard Shaper.

• Metal is removed when the ram moves away from column

• Most common type used in practice

• Unless otherwise specified, the term shaper refers to Push

type Shaper

b) Draw Type Shaper

• Metal is removed when the tool is drawn towards the

column

• Allows heavier cuts to be made

• Less vibration during cutting

3 Acc. to Driving Mechanism:

a) Crank type - Driving mechanism is by crank & gear

b) Geared type - Driven by Rack & Pinion mechanism

c) Hydraulic Shaper - Driven by oil pressure developed by a

pump, which is run by an electric motor

4 Acc. to the Table Design:

a) Standard shaper- Work Table can be moved

1.Vertically & 2. Horizontally

b) Universal Shaper- Table can be moved

1. Horizontally 2. Vertically 3. Swivelled & 4. Tilted

This is mostly used in Tool Rooms

SHAPING OPERATIONS 1 Machining of horizontal surface

The work surface is held securely on the table

and tool is fixed in the tool head with

minimum overhang, as shown in figure. The

table with fixed work piece is raised close to

the tool; the length and position of the stroke

are adjusted. The stroke length is about 20mm

longer than the work and stroke is adjusted

such that the tool starts about 10-15 mm

before work piece and continues about 10 mm

after the end of cut.

2 Work piece is mounted on the table and the

surface to be machined is set parallel to stroke

axis. A side cutting tool is fitted in the tool head

as shown in figure. The length of stroke is

adjusted. The cutting feed is given by rotating

the down feed screw by hand (0.25 -0.50 mm)

Forward stroke is the cutting stroke. Return stroke the tool does not cut,

Double stroke= cutting stroke + return stroke

Stroke starts slightly before the work piece (a) and ends after the work piece (b) Total stroke length = l+a+b

L

vc

f

w

Feed/stroke = f

No. of stroke =n

Now, nxf = w

Forward Cutting Time, Tf =L/vc

Forward Cutting Time, Tr =L/vr

Total Time for single stroke, Tc = (L/vc + L/vr)

Total Cutting Time, T = nx(L/vc + L/vr)

Quick Return ration, r = vc/vr = Tr/Tc

*if approach and overrun is provided into operation, then add that distance into length itself.

Planer