IP Subnet Masks.doc
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IP Subnet Masks
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Contents
[hide]
• 1 IP-Subnet-Mask numbers
o 1.1 hat is a !ero subnet" #o$ has it %hanged"
o 1.& #ere is an e'amp(e:
1.&.1 Mask tab(e
1.&.1.1 Mask ) *&+
1.&.1.& Mask ) *&
1.&.1. Mask ) *&
1.&.1.+ Mask ) *&/
1.&.1. Mask ) *&0
1.&.1. Mask ) *&
1.&.1./ Mask ) *2
o 1. 3etmasks
o 1.+ as this In4ormation 5se4u("
[edit] IP-Subnet-Mask numbers
IP mask numbers are used to divide internet addresses into b(ocks ca((ed subnets. 6he mask number represents the number o4 1s in
the binar7 o4 the address that is 8masked9 against the address so that it ignores the (ast bits $hich are 4or the group o4 IP addresses inthe masked address.
6he 4irst address o4 a subnet b(ock a(( 2s; is ca((ed the net$ork address or net$ork I<. 6he (ast address a(( 1s; is the broadcast
address o4 the net$ork. 67pica((7 the net$ork address =1 or the broadcast address -1 is the gate$a7 to the internet. 6he 8s(ash8
notation ie *&+; is kno$n as %I<> 4ormat, $hi(e the more conventiona( &.&.&.2 notation is considered a subnet mask.
[edit] What is a zero subnet? How has it Changed?
5nder o(d IP subnetting ru(es, the a(( 2?s subnet $as reserved 4or the net$ork, and the a(( 1?s subnet $as reserved 4or the broadcast.
@ver time, it $as 4ound that the a(( 2?s subnet $asn?t rea((7 used and, i4 it cou(d be handed out as a useab(e net$ork, man7 IPaddresses cou(d be changed.
An e'amp(e o4 an IP address that is using a !ero subnet is 12.1.2.1 $ith a subnet mask o4 &.&.&.2. Bar(ier this $as a kind o4
net$ork id but toda7, this IP address is per4ect(7 (ega( $hen it comes to subnetting. 6hus, i4 I had an IP address o4 12.1.2.2 $ith a&.&.2.2 subnet mask is the net$ork I< and i4 $e subnet it, $e cou(d actua((7 get & va(id net$orks out o4 it b7 using the 2
subnet.
et bits Subnet mask tota!-addresses "er subnet
*&2 &.&.&+2.2 +2
*&1 &.&.&+0.2 &2+0
*&& &.&.&&.2 12&+
*& &.&.&+.2 1&
*&+ &.&.&.2 &
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*& &.&.&.1&0 1&0
*& &.&.&.1& +
*&/ &.&.&.&&+ &
*&0 &.&.&.&+2 1
*& &.&.&.&+0 0
*2 &.&.&.&& +
6he 4irst address o4 a subnet b(ock a(( 2s; is ca((ed the net$ork address or net$ork I<. 6he (ast address a(( 1s; is the broadcast
address o4 the net$ork. 67pica((7 the net$ork address =1 or the broadcast address -1 is the gate$a7 to the internet. 6his (eaves us
$ith tota( number o4 IP numbers - (e4t over 4or host address $ith in a sub net b(ock. 6hat8s $h7 7ou either get 1 IP +-) 1; or i4
7ou ask 4or one more 7ou get 0-);.
[edit] Here is an e#am"!e$
1&.10.1.2*& $ou(d inc(ude a(( address bet$een 1&.10.1.2 and 1&.10.1.1&/
$hi(e 1&.10.1.1&0*& $ou(d inc(ude 1&.10.1.1&0 and 1&.10.1.&
Ce(o$ is a mask tab(e that makes it eas7 to (ook up the mask 4or a group o4 IP addresses.
[edit] Mask tab!e
[edit] Mask % &'(
0-255
[edit] Mask % &')
0-127
128-255
[edit] Mask % &'*
0-63
64-127
128-191
192-255
[edit] Mask % &'+
0-31
32-63
64-95
96-127
128-159
160-191
192-223
224-255
[edit] Mask % &',
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0-15
16-31
32-47
48-63
64-79
80-95
96-111
112-127
128-143
144-159
160-175
176-191
192-207
208-223
224-239
240-255
[edit] Mask % &'
0-7
8-15
16-23
24-31
32-39
40-47
48-55
56-63
64-71
72-79
80-87
88-95
96-103
104-111
112-119
120-127
128-135
136-143
144-151
152-159
160-167
168-175
176-183
184-191
192-199
200-207
208-215
216-223
224-231
232-239
240-247
248-255
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[edit] Mask % &./
0-3
4-7
8-11
12-15
16-19
20-23
24-27
28-31
32-35
36-39
40-43
44-47
48-51
52-55
56-5960-63
64-67
68-71
72-75
76-79
80-83
84-87
88-91
92-95
96-99
100-103
104-107
108-111
112-115
116-119
120-123
124-127
128-131
132-135
136-139
140-143
144-147
148-151
152-155
156-159
160-163
164-167
168-171
172-175
176-179
180-183
184-187
188-191
192-195
196-199
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200-203
204-207
208-211
212-215
216-219
220-223
224-227
228-231
232-235
236-239
240-243
244-247
248-250
252-255
[edit] etmasks
Netmask Netmask (binary) CIDR Notes
255255255255 11111111111111111111111111111111 !32 "ost (sin#$e a%%r)
255255255254 11111111111111111111111111111110 !31 &n'sab$e
255255255252 11111111111111111111111111111100 !30 2 'sab$e
255255255248 11111111111111111111111111111000 !29 6 'sab$e
255255255240 11111111111111111111111111110000 !28 14 'sab$e
255255255224 11111111111111111111111111100000 !27 30 'sab$e
255255255192 11111111111111111111111111000000 !26 62 'sab$e
255255255128 11111111111111111111111110000000 !25 126 'sab$e
2552552550 11111111111111111111111100000000 !24 C$ass C 254 'sab$e
2552552540 11111111111111111111111000000000 !23 2 C$ass Cs
2552552520 11111111111111111111110000000000 !22 4 C$ass Cs
2552552480 11111111111111111111100000000000 !21 8 C$ass Cs
2552552400 11111111111111111111000000000000 !20 16 C$ass Cs
2552552240 11111111111111111110000000000000 !19 32 C$ass Cs
2552551920 11111111111111111100000000000000 !18 64 C$ass Cs
2552551280 11111111111111111000000000000000 !17 128 C$ass Cs
25525500 11111111111111110000000000000000 !16 C$ass *
25525400 11111111111111100000000000000000 !15 2 C$ass *s
25525200 11111111111111000000000000000000 !14 4 C$ass *s
25524800 11111111111110000000000000000000 !13 8 C$ass *s
25524000 11111111111100000000000000000000 !12 16 C$ass *s
25522400 11111111111000000000000000000000 !11 32 C$ass *s
25519200 11111111110000000000000000000000 !10 64 C$ass *s
25512800 11111111100000000000000000000000 !9 128 C$ass *s
255000 11111111000000000000000000000000 !8 C$ass +
254000 11111110000000000000000000000000 !7
252000 11111100000000000000000000000000 !6
248000 11111000000000000000000000000000 !5
240000 11110000000000000000000000000000 !4 C$ass , ('$ti.ast an%
reser/e%)
224000 11100000000000000000000000000000 !3
192000 11000000000000000000000000000000 !2
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128000 10000000000000000000000000000000 !1
0000 00000000000000000000000000000000 !0 I sa.e