Iot Lesson1

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Internet of Things

ProgrammingAndrea Acquaviva

Lesson 1


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Course introduction

Organization 40 h classes

20 h labs (5 labs)

Video recordings

Classes

Lab intro (not the whole lab)

Exam Written text (multiple choice): 10/30

Project discussion (slides + code): 20/30

Project discussion date is flexible (no time constraints, even in anothersession, but raspberry kit must be returned within 3 months from theend of the course, unless you use yours)

Code + slides (draft) must be sent to TA at least 2 days before

discussion

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Projects

Two types of projects: Proposed by TA

Proposed by students

Project team

members: 1-3

team building: autonomous

1 raspberry kit for each team

Project selection

TA Projects proposals presented on Oct 30

TA Projects allocation by Nov 5

Student projects proposals by Nov 5

Student projects acceptance by Nov 12

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Course purpose

To learn how to program embedded devices (things)connected to the internet

How to get data from sensors and give commands to

actuators

How to communicate with other devices

How to write applications to collect data from devices

What is different from standard PC programming?

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Course purpose

Programming IoT devices includes:

Sensors/actuator interfacing

Web oriented programming (ok, this is like PCs) but protocols

and APIs are different

Lightweight, QoS oriented, low-power

Using specific communication paradigm and protocols (e.g.

publish/subscribe)

Using middleware services

Programming for a constrained HW

So, which instruments you need to learn?

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Course contents

Classes

Introduction to OOP

OO/Web programming with Python

Other Web programming approaches(Java, Javascript, AJAX, PHP)

XML, JSON formats

IoT devices and smart objects

Architectures, sensors, actuators

Communication protocols: 802.15.4,

Zigbee, 6LowPAN, Internet 0, IPSO

Constraints: power, real-time, reliability

Programming distributed objects using

web services Web services and microservices

RestFULL, SOAP, WSDL

Middleware programming

Middlewares for IoT

Service and resource orientedarchitectures

IoT network programming

Publish/subscribe paradigm

M2M protocols: MQTT, CoAP

Resource constrained programming

OS for smart objects

Event driven programming

Real time and security aspects

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Course contents

Labs

1. Python programming

Basics, OOP

2. Web programming I

Web services, cherry py, static pages

3.

Web programming II Web services, cherry py, dynamic

pages, REST+JSON

4. Raspberry PI I

Intro + sensors

5. RaspberryPI II

Web services + sensors6. RaspberryPI III

Web services + MQTT

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Seminars

IREN (Italian DSO) will demonstrate District Heatingmanagement system (sensors + data in the CLOUD) for

smart city applications

Reply (consulting company) will demonstrate their IoTsolutions

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THE INTERNET OF THINGSSCENARIO

Introduction


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IoT concept

US National Intelligence Council (NIC) considers Internet of Things

as one of the 6 Disruptive Civil Technologies

(April 2008)

IEEE ranks IoT #1 in the list of Top Trends for 2013 (Winter 2012): !The IoT promises to be the most disruptive technological

revolution since the advent of the World Wide Web. Projections

indicate that up to 100 billion uniquely identifiable objects will be

connected to the Internet by 2020!

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Tentative definition

IoT is!

Things having identities and virtual personalities operating

in smart spaces using intelligent interfaces to connect and

communicate within social, environmental, and usercontexts

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A more practical one

According to Wikipedia, IoT refers to the interconnection of uniquely

identifiable embedded computing-like devices within the

existingInternetinfrastructure.

Typically, IoT is expected to offer advanced connectivity of devices,systems, and services that goes beyond

machine-to-machine communications (M2M)and covers a variety of

protocols, domains, and applications.

The interconnection of these embedded devices (including

smart objects), is expected to usher in automation in nearly all fields,

while also enabling advanced applications like aSmart Grid.

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What is IoT then?

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The Digital Explosion

20

13

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Zettabytes

50 Billion

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By 2020 the Internet traffic will

shift dramatically! Most of the IP traffic will originate from other than personal

computers (PCs). Wi-Fi traffic will exceed wired traffic and Full HDvideo will generate more traffic than standard video.

According to a report issued by Cisco, the number of connecteddevices (i.e. through IPv6 and evolution) will grow to some 50 billiondevices by 2020. The internet traffic will get close to 44 Zettabytes(i.e. 10^21 bytes)!


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Things?

Things, in the IoT, can refer to a wide variety of devices

such as heart monitoring implants,

bio-chiptransponders

on farm animals, automobiles with built-in sensors, or field

operation devices that assist fire-fighters in search andrescue.

Current market examples include

smart thermostat

systems

and washer/dryers that utilize WiFi for remote monitoring.

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New Things to Augment Life

Smart CarReduce emissions

Increase safety

Save fuel

Smart City

Reduce traffic congestion

Better use of resources

Improve security

Smart Me Wellness

Help to lead healthier lives

Optimize sports performance

Early warning of illness

Smart Home

Make entertainment more

interactive and immersive

Increase comfort

Save energy

Smart Me Healthcare

Empower patients

Help physicians monitor and

diagnose remotely

Smart Industrial

& Smart Services

Productivity gains

Efficiency, agility, water and

food.

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Making Things Smarter

It used to tell youthe time

And how youare doing

It used to remind

you of someone

close to your heart

Nowit reminds

you to take care

of your heart

They used to keep

your feet warm

Nowthey help you keep you

and your feet fit

They used to help you

see clearly

Nowthey help you

to see more

Nowit tellsyou what to do

And exactly

what you

doing

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The Internet of Things Opportunity

New Things to

augment lifeExisting Things

augmented

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Internet of Every Things scenario

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Smart Home

Remote

Monitoring

Smart Systems are pervasive, converging

through Internet of Every Things!

Smart

Street Lighting

Power Plant

Renewable Energy

Fab automation

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Home and Building

Automation

Smart Metering


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IoT Services

;@


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Enabling Technologies and

Issues

Key technologies: Sensors/Actuators

Low power, autonomic, pervasive, ubiquitous computing

Communication protocols (REST, CoAP, MQTT)

Microservices and Middlewares

Data Analytics Engines -> in the CLOUD

Apps (iOS, Android, Web)

Key issues: Interoperability

Security/trust and privacy

Low resources (=> revisit protocols and algorithms

implemented in Internet and Web) Scalability

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Communication Technologies for IoT

1.

Bluetooth2. Zigbee

3. Z-Wave

4. NFC (Near-Field Communication)

5.

RFID

6. WiFi

7. 2G/3G/LTE

8.

Wibro/Mobile WiMax9. PLC (Power Line Communication)

10.Ethernet

11.What else?

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Web services & IoT

A smart object system implemented with web services.

Temperature sensors post temperature data to a buildingautomation server

The building automation server configures a radiator based on

the temperature data

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Publish/Subscribe Pattern

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Publish/Subscribe: QoS

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The Concept of Micro-services

Micro-service architecture:

the system is decomposed into a collection of independent and specialized serviceseach of which exhibits its own interface to access to other services of the system

Each service can be managed independently for deploy / start / stop operations.

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Terminologies similar to IoT

1. USN (Ubiquitous Sensor Networks)

2. M2M (Machine-to-Machine)

3. IoE (Internet of Everything) Ciscos favorite term

4.

Cloud of Things

5. Web of Things

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Introductory Videos

Intel IoT -- What Does The Internet of Things Mean?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q3ur8wzzhBU

Cisco - How the Internet of Things Will Change Everything--

Including Ourselves

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_hjAfPJeRA

IBM Internet of Things

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=df9xAZZ-8zg

Dr. John Barrett at TEDxCIT The Internet of Things

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QaTIt1C5R-M

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Internet of Things: 3 Points of

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The Network Issue

Key issue: object2object communication

First approach: develop specific communication protocols

adapted to each type of things and type of applications

need for standardization

which compatibility with Internet?

Second approach: (re-)use IP integrate IP and IEEE 802.15.4 (6LoWPAN) (IP for Smart Objects

(IPSO) Alliance) make IP lighter (Internet )

Third approach: (re-use) 802.15.4

enrich 802.15.4 (Zigbee)

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The Network Issue

From host2host to object2object

TCP is not adapted

Designed for long-lasting connections while objects (like tags orsensors) exchange small pieces of data => handshake + congestioncontrol/retransmit/recovery + flow control + buffering procedures toocomplex

Very heterogeneous networks and traffic

Scalability?

Quality of service?

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The Identification issue

Ultimate goal: unique/universal ID for naming and addressing

individual objects i.e., to attach an egoto each object, condition

to develop ego-centric applications

Naming is difficult!

IP is limited, not good for mobility

IPv6 comes to the rescue (10^38 addresses) but still lacks mobility,

moreover, imposes overhead limiting payload (e.g. 21-46 bytes for

6LowPAN)

More efficient naming schemes are needed e.g. through ONS: Object Name

Service

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Security and Privacy (1/2)

A definitive threat for privacy!

A security nightmare!

Security

IoT = a kind of unsupervisedmobile/pervasive grids whose end-components are resource limitedtiny objects = a security nightmare

Physical attacks

Man in the Middle attacks

Cryptographic techniques tooCPU-intensive for low energyobjects

Etc!

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Security and Privacy (2/2)

Privacy

Your life can will be traced => possible monitoring, mining,

analysis

Connection possible with Linked Open Data => worsen the

threats

Open air connections => possibility of eavesdropping

Not only your digital life but also your analogical life

You cannot even know what is sensed about you, when it issensed, etc. Sensors do not ask for permission (cf. video

surveillance)

No forget option -> once data are on the Internet they cannot

be (easily) deleted

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Example Application:

Smart Buildings

oC

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IoT as enabling technology for..

Ambient intelligence and context aware applications

User interacting with an interactive environment providingpersonalized services

Applications adapts their selves to the environment

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITjsb22-EwQ

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Summary

IoT is an incoming revolution, enabling a world of new applications

New communication paradigms are needed (i.e. publish/subscribe)

Programming IoT requires specific skills (web-network-object oriented,

resource constrained programming) In this course we will study the main paradigm of IoT programming

using Python, similar concepts can be implemented in Java and otherscripting languages

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