IONISING RADIATION PUT TO USE 18.1. Modelling radioactive decay 18.1 Ionising radiation put to use.
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Transcript of IONISING RADIATION PUT TO USE 18.1. Modelling radioactive decay 18.1 Ionising radiation put to use.
IONISING RADIATION PUT TO USE18.1
Modelling radioactive decay18.1 Ionising radiation put to use
Modelling radioactive decay using dice
We can use dice to model the decay of dice. Roll your dice and record the number of dice that have rolled a 6. Record this value in the table. Roll the remaining dice. Repeat.
Roll Dice remaining
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Now plot the data, adding a line of best fit following the plotted data. It should be an exponential decay plot.
Roll
Dic
e re
mai
ning
What is the half-life of this sample of dice?
Show your calculation on the graph
Learning objectives• Ionising radiations have a wide range of uses, in medicine, technology
and everyday life• Ionising radiations mainly interact with matter by ionising atoms. Alpha
radiation is strongly ionising, beta and gamma less so• Alpha particles have a definite range in air. Beta particles have a
variable range. Gamma radiation is attenuated exponentially in absorbing material with I = I0e-µx
• The unit of absorbed dose is the gray Gy, the energy in joule absorbed per kilogram of material. The unit of dose equivelant is the sievert Sv, the absorbed dose is gray multiplied by numerical factors to allow for the different effects of different types of radiation and tissue
• The concept of risk combines the probability of an event with the consequences of that event occuring: risk = probability x consequence
IONISING RADIATIONS HAVE A WIDE RANGE OF USES, IN MEDICINE, TECHNOLOGY AND EVERYDAY LIFE
18.1 Ionising radiation put to use
Med
ical
radi
ogra
phy
Nuclear power
Non destructive testing
Smoke detectors
Radioactive tracers
Sterile insect technique
IONISING RADIATIONS MAINLY INTERACT WITH MATTER BY IONISING ATOMS. ALPHA RADIATION IS STRONGLY IONISING, BETA AND GAMMA LESS SO
18.1 Ionising radiation put to use
ALPHA PARTICLES HAVE A DEFINITE RANGE IN AIR. BETA PARTICLES HAVE A VARIABLE RANGE. GAMMA RADIATION IS ATTENUATED EXPONENTIALLY IN ABSORBING MATERIAL WITH I = I0E-ΜX
18.1 Ionising radiation put to use
THE UNIT OF ABSORBED DOSE IS THE GRAY GY, THE ENERGY IN JOULE ABSORBED PER KILOGRAM OF MATERIAL. THE UNIT OF DOSE EQUIVELANT IS THE SIEVERT SV, THE ABSORBED DOSE IS GRAY MULTIPLIED BY NUMERICAL FACTORS TO ALLOW FOR THE DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF RADIATION AND TISSUE
18.1 Ionising radiation put to use
THE CONCEPT OF RISK COMBINES THE PROBABILITY OF AN EVENT WITH THE CONSEQUENCES OF THAT EVENT OCCURING: RISK = PROBABILITY X CONSEQUENCE
18.1 Ionising radiation put to use