EOC PRACTICE PREP 1

Ionic bonds are formed between metals and non metals – (opposite sides of the periodic table)Electrons are given (metals) or taken (non metals)

Ex: CaCl2

Covalent bonds are formed between elements on the left side of the stair step (usually 2 non metals). Electrons are shared in covalent bonds.

Ex: CO2

BONDING

Stable ionic bonds are formed when the sum of the oxidation numbers equals zero. Ca2+ O2- equal zero so CaO is stable

if unequal, criss-cross Ca2+ Cl1-

becomesCaCl2

STABLE IONIC BONDS

Follow the formula D=m/Vm is mass (grams), V is volume (mL

or cm3)

Given – mass 20 grams, volume 10 mL

20 g/10 mL = 2 g/mL

DENSITY

Isotopes are forms of element that have the same number of protons but a different

number of neutrons.

Oxygen-16 and Oxygen 18 are isotopesO-16 has 8 neutrons

O-18 has 10 neutrons aAs they are both oxygen, they both have 8

protons

ISOTOPES

Families on the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons (outside electrons)

Review these four major groups on the table

Alkali metals Alkaline Earth metalsHalogens Noble Gases

PERIODIC TABLE FAMILIES

Weight is due to gravity’s effect on mass. Weight can change as you get

further away from the source of gravity (ex: Earth’s surface)

Mass is the amount of matter contained in an object and does not

change.

WEIGHT VS. MASS

The state of matter defines the motion of molecules.

Solids move the least, liquids move more and gases move the

most.

KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER

If there are relationships described in a situation that need some form of

calculation, always look for a formula.

LOOK FOR FORMULAS

1st Law – Inertia

2nd Law – a=F/m

3rd Law – Action-reaction forces

NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

Solubility describes how much solute can dissolve in a solvent.

reviewSaturated

UnsaturatedSupersaturated

SOLUBILITY