IO and her descendants

• ARGIVE PLAIN: richest area in Greece in myths and in Bronze Age archaeological finds.

• Oceanus +Tethys Oceanids; One of these = MELIA – ash tree nymph

• MELIA + INACHUS (Argive River god) 2 sons + daughter IO• Best known version: • IO = priestess of HERA, Zeus lusted after her, surrounded her

w/mist to hide affair from Hera. Hera suspicious of mysterious cloud-investigated

• Zeus turned IO into cow. Hera not fooled – asked for cow as gift.• H. tied cow to olive tree in grove near Mycenae & Set up

monster ARGUS (100 eyes, never slept) to watch her.• Zeus sent Hermes to free IO. When some eyes slept, some

would always be awake. Hermes’ sang lullaby to get all eyes asleep + cut off his head. Hera put eyes in tail of peacock.

• ARGEÏPHONTES – epitithet of HERMES – “Argos-killer”.

Wanderings of IO

• Hera now sent gadfly to torment IO. Stung constantly. Wanderings =

• Greece to northwest• IONIAN sea• Across PINDUS range to Macedonia• Through THRACE to straights diving EUROPE from ASIA =

BOSPORUS ‘cow-crossing’• SCYTHIA (southern Russia), Anatolia Caucaus mnts.• May possibly be HERA herself in origin?• Hera’s animal = the cow• Called “BOÔPIS” “cow-eyed” by Homer.• Greeks identified IO with the Egyptian goddess ISIS. ??????

HATHOR????

IO – descendants =

OCEANUS +TETHYS

MELIA + INACHUS

IO +ZEUS

EPAPHUS +Memphis

BELUS AGENOR

DANAÜSAEGYPT

USPHINEUS

CEPHEUS +

CassiopeäEUROPA CADMUS

MINOS

PHAEDRA

AGAVË

PENTHEUS

49 daughters +

Hypermnestra

49 Sons+Lynceus

ABAS

ACRISIUS

PROETUS

Zeus +DANAE

ANDROMEDA

PERSUES

Perseus

• Perseus

• Hero Story

Birth• Grandfather = ACRISIUS king of ARGOS (a city in southern Greece.).

Twin brother of Acrisius = PROETUS. Enemies since birth. Supposed to grow up to rule Argos together, instead when grew up they fought over throne. Victorious A. forced P. into exile.

• P. became king of TIRYNS (a city in ARGOLIS, the region surrounding ARGOS. The huge blocks of stone which composed its fortifications were said to have been the result of the labor of CYCLOPS, because of their prodigious size. This belief is the origin for the modern term CYCLOPEAN architecture.

• Acrisius married to AGANIPPE. 1 child, daughter DANAË.• A. consulted an oracle, found that not only would he have no sons, but

his sole male heir – the son of Danaë would kill him.• Locked her in underground chamber. Danaë became pregnant anyway • Official version of the myth: ZEUS visited Danaë in the form of a

shower of gold.• A. found out- more than one version: some claim was immediate –

alerted by cry of baby, others say Danaë and son PERSEUS spent more than a year imprisoned before they were discovered.

• A. Put Danaë and son Perseus into a wooden chest and set them adrift on the Aegean sea.

• Zeus guided chest to island of SERIPHUS.

Cyclopean

• Name often applied to a primitive method of prehistoric masonry construction, found throughout Greece, Italy, and the Middle East. The term is derived from Cyclopes, the mythological beings who were supposed to have built walls in this manner. The Cyclopean technique involves the use of huge, irregular boulders, carefully fitted together without the use of mortar, thereby creating a massive wall with an uneven face. These walls were characteristic of Mycenaean civilization. Remaining examples are found at Knossos, Mycenae, Tiryns, and Athens. There are many Cyclopean walls in Etruscan and Anatolian architecture. Somewhat similar examples are seen in China, Japan, and Peru.

Titian (ca. 1553)

J. Gossaert (early 16th century)

Rembrandt (ca. 1646)

Danaë.

Waterhouse, 1892.

Stolen 1947.

Gustav Klimt (1907-08)

SERIPHUS

• Brothers• POLYDECTES – king• DICTYS – poor fisherman• Dictys caught chest in his net and

rescued Danaë and Perseus. Took them into his home claiming that they were distant kin (actually true – (D. and P. were descendants of DANAUS, a former king of Argos).

Polydectes as 2nd Hostile Father Figure?

• P. fell in love with Danaë, asked her to marry him but she refused. Perseus full grown and strong, so he was afraid to do anything rash and pretended to accept her rejection, but in actuality did not stop scheming.

• Soon after P. announced his intention to ask for the hand of HIPPODAMEIA, a daughter of king OENOMAUS of PISA (city in southwestern Greece).

• P. arranged banquet in which each guest traditionally woulfd have brought a gift for the bride to be – P. Demanded that each of his subjects bring a horse as a gift. Bad for Perseus – poor, had no horses. P. might have have hoped that Perseus would have been shamed into fleeing the kingdom. Perseus said that instead of a horse he would bring anything P. wanted, even if it was the head of Medusa. P. accepted – Task impossible to survive.

The QUEST

• P. arranged banquet in which each guest traditionally would have brought a gift for the bride to be – P. Demanded that each of his subjects bring a horse as a gift. Bad for Perseus – poor, had no horses. P. might have have hoped that Perseus would have been shamed into fleeing the kingdom. Perseus said that instead of a horse he would bring anything P. wanted, even if it was the head of Medusa. P. accepted – Task impossible to survive.

MEDUSA1. Version 1• One of three monstrous sisters called the Gorgons.

– EURYALE– STHENO– MEDUSA

• Of the three only Medusa could be killed – other two were immortal.• Features of Gorgons

– Serpents for hair– Eyes that turned anyone who looked upon them into stone.– Huge snake-like tongues– Teeth as long and sharp as the tusks of a wild boars.– Bodies covered in scales so hard that no weapsns could pierce them.– Golden wings.– Claws forged of brass.

1. Version 2• Once a beautiful maiden. Turned away all suitors, but finally consented

to Poseidon – either in a field of flowers or in the shrine of Athena. • Angered the goddess – either jealous of M’s beauty, or angered that

she had defiled the temple of the goddess. Athena transformed the once beautiful Medusa into the monster we all know and love.

Modern Portrayals

A few major problems:

• To kill Medusa the slayer must approach her lair without being seen by her or her two sisters.

• In order not be ‘petrified’ would have to slay her without looking at her face.

• After the deed would need to escape with tremendous speed to escape the two remaining winged monsters.

• Perseus had help from ATHENA.• Brought Perseus to a cave on SERIPHUS

where some of the NAIADS lived. Lent to Perseus

• Winged sandals• The helmet of darkness (or cap of Hades) to

make him invisible.• A purse or pouch to carry the head.• HERMES then gave Perseus a sword (or

sickle) of ADAMANT – an unbreakable material (metallic stone?).

• Perseus then traveled to a cave on the mountain where ATLAS stood. In this cave lived the GRAEAE “gray women” the sisters of the Gorgons. These were ancient (witches?) who had one eyes among them had gray hair from birth. Passed the eye around. Perseus hid and waited until one of the sisters took out the eye and handed it over to another – the only moment when they were all blind. Grabbed they eye and held it, refused to give it back until they told him the location of the Gorgon’s lair. After getting the information he needed, he tossed the eye into lake TRITONIS and took off towards the Gorgons.

SUCESS• Lair of Medusa.• At the end of the earth in a land where neither sun or moon

ever shone.• Dozens of stone figures – remains of those who had ventured

there and glimpsed on e of the Gorgons.• Had polished shield before coming.• Used it to spy on the Gorgons without looking directly at hem.• Waited until they fell asleep.• Then still using reflection in shield, cut off the head of Medusa,

put the head in the pouch and flew away. Medusa’s sisters could not see Perseus and their pursuit soon stopped.

• ((One version – Medusa still pregnant at time of death – offspring sprang from her neck CHRYSAOR – renowned as a warrior, and PEGASUS, the famous winged horse.)

Temple of Artemis at Corcyra (ca. 590 B.C.)

Canova (1801)

Cellini

• Flew back towards SERIPHUS. Journey was a long one – needed to make several stops on way – very eventful.

• Hesperides – (Only OVID)• Stopped there first – asked as a son of Zeus if he could rest

there• BUT• Titan Atlas who ruled Hesperides, knew prophecy of Titaness

Themis that a son of Zeus would steal the golden aplples. Fiercly guarded them. Insulted Persues, denied his parentage and rudely tried to force him out. P. asked Atlas if he would like to see what was in the bag – turned his own head away and lifted out the head, which turned Atlas to stone – into the mountain MOUNT ATLAS head still had petrifaction power after death of Medusa. Most storytellers discount this, as one of the labors of Heracles was to bring back the golden apples and he had to trick Atlas to do this.

ANDROMEDA

• As Perseus flew over the coast of ETHIOPIA on his way home he saw figure of a woman chained to a rock below – thought that she was a carved marble statue at first, then saw that she was crying. Got her story:

• Name was ANDROMEDA the daughter of CEPHEUS (depending on source the king of either ETHIOPIA or JOPPA, city of the Levantine sea-coast) and CASSIOPEIA. C. had boasted that she was more beautiful than the Nereids, the sea nymphs that served as the god’s attendants. To punish Casseopia’s vanity, Poseidon had flooded the kingdom and sent a sea monster to ravage Ethiopia.

• Advice of oracle – Adromeda chained to rock as sacrifice.• Begged for help from Perseus.• Got promise from C. to reward him with A.’s hand in marriage and a

kingdom if he succeeded. C. agreed. • When sea monster surfaced P. dived onto its back and following a

raging battle that stained the sea red with blood, killed it.• Freed Andromeda from her chains and brought her to her parents –

then damanded that C. live up to his end of the bargain.

Paul Veronese

Fresco in the House of the Priest Amandus.Pompeii (ca. A.D. 40)

Rubens

FERDINAND- VICTOR-EUGENE DELACROIX

MIGNARD, Pierre

Gustave Doré

Sir Edward John Poynter

Problem• A. already promised to C.’s brother PHINEUS

– a detail C. had mitted to mention. Phineus had not lifted a hand to save Andromeda, but still refused to step aside for her savior. Cepheus properly grateful, kept his promise to Perseus by arranging a quick wedding. Phineus interrupted the wedding with an army behind him to assert his prior claim on Andromeda. However, even outnumbered Persues emerged victorious, by using the head of Medusa to turn Phineus’ his rival and allies to stone.

Marriage

• Perseus then married Andromeda. Unlike most of gods and heroes of Classical mythology remained faithfull to her.

• Couple remained with her parents for a year after their marriage, Andromeda gave birth to their first son PERSES.

• When Perseus resumed his journey back to Seriphus, he and Andromeda left infant Perses with Cepheus – since Cepheus had no heirs Perses would inherit his kingdom – Perses descendants would travel east and rule Persia, the land that was named after Perses.

Returned to Seriphus.

• Persues found his mother taking refuge at the altar of the gods. As soon as Perseus had left on his quest King Polydectes had tried to attack her, and his brother Dictys had taken her to the altar a sacred ground where Polydectes dared not assault her.

• Perseus headed for the palace and found the king at a banquet, Perseus burst in and announced that he had brought the promised gift. Polydectes challenged his word and his honor – Persues then averted his eyes and held up the head turning Polydectes and all his guests into stone. Persues then gave Dictys the throne vacated by the petrifaction of Polydectes. He then returned the borrowed weapons to Hermes. In gratitude to Athena Persues mounted his trophy, the head of Medusa on the shield of the goddess – the head, surrounded by snake’s heads on the center of her AEGIS, became Athena’s most distinctive emblem.

Caravaggio

Observations: Danae

» folktale pattern of the "girl's tragedy" » prohibition » seclusion » violation of the prohibition » threat of death

» liberation

Perseus' own folktale pattern: the quest

» threat to a member of the family; » hero sent on a quest (in connection with this

threat); » hero uses magic agents in his quest; » hero travels to a far-awayland; » he fights with a villain or monster; » he is temporarily overcome but eventually beats his

enemy; » though pursued he escapes; » he comes home and is recognized; » he punishes the original villain who threatened his

family; » the hero marries and ascends the throne.

interpretations of the beheading of Medusa

» Freud » Gorgon’s head = female genitals» Snakes = phallic symbol – protection against

castration» Beheading = casting off of influence of the mother» "Gorgo" as demon in Homer--the "evil eye"? » Sometimes APOTROPAIC function.

Perseus' Descendants & Birth of Heracles

• Pseudo-Hesiod, Shield of Heracles

• excerpt from Homer's Iliad - Oath of Zeus, birth of Eurystheus

• role and fate of Galanthis (in Ovid's account)

Perseus’ Descendant and the Birth of Heracles

• Perseus’s son ELECTRYON married own niece ANAXO• Had ALCEMENA• Heracles/Hercules• Story Centers on Hero• Conception & Birth• Son of Zeus and mortal ALCMENE• Daughter of King ELECTRYON of ARGOS• One of E.’s older brother STHENELUS had son

EURYSTHENUS• Another brother had son AMPHITRYON

• ELECTRYON attacked by pirates, in battle all but one of ELECTRYON’s sons killed, bent on revenge – before leaving on campaign left kingship and care of daughter ALCMENE to AMPH. But before ELECTRYON could leave AMPHITRYON killed him in a quarrel and was banished. Left with ALCMENE and fled to Thebes, where was purified of blood pollution. Married ALCMENE, but she would not sleep with him until he avenged the deaths of er brothers. Did so. Was returning victorius, but Zues took on his form and went to ALCMENE with proofs victory, then had sex. Went away before Amph. Showed up.

• 2 kinds of seed in a single night.• Twin brothers• IPHICLES• HERACLES• When A. about to give birth, Zeus said that day one would be borne of his • seed who would rule over Mycenae. Hera delayed birth of Heracles while • hastening the birth of EURYSTHENUS – child of MENIPPÊ and STHENUS • - also a son of PERSEUS and therefore ZEUS’s grandson

Observations: Twins and Divine Birth

• magical nature of twins in myth • pairs of twins in myths of Mycenae:• Either worst of enemies• Danaus & Aegyptus; Acrisius & Protus • Or best of friends:• Heracles & Iphicles, Castor & Polydeuces• Egyptian precedents • Divine birth• Amun + Ahmes (wife of Thutmosis I)

Hatshepsut

Early Deeds• Hera sends serpents to kill Heracles in his crib -H. strangles

them.• Joke story: Zeus placed H. at Hera’s breast to suckle (while she

slept?) and imbibe divine milk, H. bit down and she screamed and dashed him away – spurting milk became the milky way.

• Education• AMPHITRYON– taught him to drive chariot, brought in tutors• Autolycus – taught him wrestling• EURYTUS – greatest of archers taught him to shoot.• Castor – showed him how to fight in heavy armor.• LINUS – brother of Orpheus, instructed him in playing lyre,

complained so often that one day H. hit him over the head with the lyre, killing him. Acquitted on claim of self-defense.

• Another humorous story• H. sent to tend cattle on slopes of Mnt.

CITHAERON (southwestern Boetia), H. grew to 8 ft.

• When 18 hunted huge lion which ravaged flocks of THESPIUS, king of nearby town. For 50 days he hunted beast and stayed overnight in THESPIUS’; house. Wanted to have grandchildren from him. Each night sent one of his 50 daughters to H.’s room. H. thought it was same woman each time – begat his first 50 sons.

Minyan War

• Heading back to Thebes• Met heralds of ERGINUS, king of MINYANS.• THEBES forced to pay tribute of 100 cttle a year.• H. attacked heralds, cut off noses, ears & hands and

hung them on strings around their necks – told them to take those back as tribute

• ERGINUS attacked Thebes. Had forced Thebans to disarm but H. found old weapons in temples of the gods, armed the Thebans, led them, killed E. and forced the Minyans to pay twice as much tribute.

• AMPHITRYON Killed in MINYAN WAR.

Marriage, Madness and Murder

• AMPH. Killed in MINYAN WAR.

• New king of THebes CREON gave. H. his daughter MEGARA in marriage.

• Had 3 kids.

• H. went mad (Hera)

• Murdered wife and 3 kids.

12 LABORS

• H. went to Delphi to find out what he had to do to atone.

• Had to leave MYCENAE for TIRYNS to serve as bondsman to his cousin EURYSTHEUS king of MYCENAE and TIRYNS and perform for him Twelve Labors (

• Greek word actually – athloi contests with a prize for victory. Oracle said prize would be immoprtality. Some would be contests against Death himself.

• More than 12 tasks• The Labors• Deeds• Side-Deeds

THE LABORS

1. The NEMEAN LION

• Child of TYPHOEUS – ravaging country around NEMEA, northwest of Mycenae. Early Versions – H. cut club and clubbed the lion. Later versions – started out with bow & arrow and realized it had impenetrable skin – trapped lion in layer and wrestled it to death, had too use one of its’ own claws to get the hide. Ever after wore skin with head like helmet. Brought dead lion back to EURYSTEUS, but king refused to let him into city, skulked in corner of palace got big bronze jar to hide in .

2. LERNAEAN HYDRA

• Enormous serpent the HYDRA (“water serpent”) with many heads. Lived near swamps of LERNA. Even breath death. IOLAÜS – H’s nephew accompanied him. H. shot burning arrows to drive monster out of it’s lair and then moved in w/short curved sword. Hydra wrapped coils around one leg and giant crab attacked the other. Every time H. cut off one head, two others grew in its place, central head was immortal. Smashed crab. I. set fire to nearby forest and brought H. firebrands to burn off each new head as it sprouted and cauterize the stump. Cut off immortal head and buried it under a heavy rock. Ripped open body and dipped his arrows in the black liquid – so poisonous that even a trace would kill the strongest man.

3. CERYNEIAN DEER/HIND

• :Next task – to bring a magic deer living in CERYNEIA (remote mountain in northern PELOPONNESUS. Female but w/golden antlers and brazen hoofs, belonged to ARTEMIS. Tracked it for a full year, in ARCADIA wounded it and captured it. While carrying it back (alive) met Artemis and Apollo – criticised him for wounding and stealing Artemis’ sacred deer. H. apologized and explained and they allowed him to borrow the deer to show it to COPREUS – after which he let it go.

4. ERYMANTHIAN BOAR: To capture it alive.

– Side-Deed: PHOLUS: Centaur who lived in remote cave. Offered H. cooked meat (P. only ate it raw). H. asked for wine – big keg in back – but P. said it belonged to all the centaurs – he shouldn’t open it. H. assured him that there would be no prob. But when opened strong scent alerted rest of centaurs – Got nasty. H. threw torched and fired arrows to drive them off. The one wise Centaur CHIRON got wounded w/poisoned arrow. Immortal – killing venom continually in bloodstream – Prometeus traded his mortality for C.’s immortality apparently early on Prom. Not immortal. P. then accidentally stuck himself with one of the poisoned arrows and died.

• H. Then drove out boar from brush with voice, ran it down and carried it back. EURYSTHEUS scared in bronze jar.

5. AUGEAN STABLES:

• AUGEAS, son of HELIUS king of ELIS (northwest Peloponnesus), many herds, but never cleaned stables. Several feet deep in dung. E. ordered H. to clean the stables. (w/out revealing that he was in service of E.) H. bargained w/A. that if he cleaned all of stables in one day, he would receive 1/10 of the cattle. Diverted nearby ALPHEUS and PENEUS rivers through the stables. But . learned of H.’s obligation to E. and refused to pay –later H. returned and killed him.

6. STYMPHALIAN BIRDS.

• Arcadia, lake STYMPHALIS, flocks of death dealing bird, arrow firing wings, armor piercing beaks, Bronze castanets to drive them out. Then shot them down with arrows.

7. CRETAN BULL

• Ordered to capture Bull. (PASIPHÄE one). Sailed to Crete, Minos politely refused to help, but said H. could have it if he could capture it. H. grabbed bull by the horns, tossed in the sea and then rode it to the Peloponnesus.

8. HORSES OF DIOMEDES.

– Thrace. Diomedes = son of Ares, king of savage tribe in Thrace. Horses ate human flesh.

• Side-Deed: ALCESTIS: Asclepius killed by ZEUS, in revenge Apollo killed Cyclopes, Zeus’s armorers, forced by Zeus to serve king ADMETUS, treated Apollo so well that he gave him gift – did not have to die if he could find someone else to die in his place – only wife ALCESTIS willing. H. stops in the court + notices everyone in mourning, doesn’t know why – just say that a ‘neighbor’ has died. H. gets drunk, sings + lectures a servant for his attitude. Only find out later the cause. Says that he will go get her back. Goes to place where body is, meets Death (Thanatos) and wrestles him to get A. back.

– In Thrace, captured horses and fed them their master. Anger of locals – besieged him and young lover ABDERUS. Left A. w/horses while he drove back attack and returned to find tahey ahd eaten A. Buried remains.

9. GIRDLE of HIPPOLYTA

• :Amazons. E. ordered H. to bring girdle of Hippolyta, Amazon Queen for his daughter. Sexual innuendos. H. set out to river THERMODON on s. shour of black Sea. Reached harbour in land of Amazons.

• Hipp. LIKED him, agreed to let him have belt. Hera did not like this – disguised as Amazon & ran through city proclaiming that H. was being abduced. Attack on ship. H. strangled HI.

10. CATTLE of GERYON: • Geyon = monster: 3 bodies joined at waist, lived on island of

ERYTHIA “red land” somewhere in far West near river OCEAN.• Herd of red cattle watched by EURYTION and two-headed dog,

ORTHUS (offspring of TYPHOEUS + ECHIDNA, like HYDRA). • H went through Northern Africa, reaching narrows where

Mediterranean Sea opens into ATLANTIC – set of PILLARS OF HERACLES on either side (Rock of Ceuta in Tangiers and Rock of Gibralter), to ancients formed geological boundary between human world and realms beyond.

• While in Africa, got so hot, H. fired arrow at Heliu, Helius so impressed he lent H. the golden cup he traveled in at night. When H. landed in ERYTHIA, ORTUS attacked him – H. killed both ORTHUS and EURYTION, then killed GERYON and got the cattle into the cup for the return journey.

– Side-Deed: CACUS, near future site of Rome CACUS, three-headed fire-breathing monster stole some of the cattle and hid them in cave. H. heard them. Tore away top of cave leapt inside + killed C. w/club. After other adventures brought cattle to Mycenae where Eurystheus sacrificed them to Hera.

11. APPLES OF THE HESPERIDES: • Bring back golden apples of the HESPERIDES “nymphs of the West”

(from tree of Hera). Hera set 100 headed serpent LADON to guard tree. • Had to find sea God NEREUS who knew everything. Found him + held

on to him though he changed his form constantly to escape. Finally told him where to go.

• Side-Deeds: ANTAEUS, BUSIRIS. • Traveling across north Africa, attacked by ANTAEUS a giant who

wrestled travelers to death and built house of their skulls – everytime he hit dirt he came up stronger (son of GAEA) H. then held him up in the air and strangled him.

• BUSIRIS: son of Poseidon and one of EPAPHUS’ daughters. Sacrificed foreigners. H. allowed himself to be bound and led to the alter, then burst bonds and killed both B. and his son on the altar. BUSIRIS = corruption of BW-OSIRIS – ‘place of OSIRS’ – god of the dead – could be corrupted allegory of overcoming Death.

• Side-Deed: PROMETHEUS. While in the Caucus mnts H. came across Prometheus bound – killed eagle and freed Prometheus.

• Came to western edge of world where Atlas held heavens. Advice of Prometheus, convinced ATLAS to fetch the apples – too dangerous even for H. H. held up sky in his place. When A. returned w/apples refused to take back the heavens. H. agreed if A. would take it back for a sec so he could put a pad on his head. Tricked A. took fruit and went away. Gave apples to E., who returned them to H. who gave them to Athena who took them back where they belonged.

12. CERBERUS

• Ordered to bring back C. from the underworld. Requested permission. Hades agreed so long as H. used no weapons. Wrestled it, chained it. Brought it back to Mycenae, showed it to Eurystheus and then released it backto below.

OBSERVATINS:

• Earliest accounts – not a standard list or number. • Earliest evidence for canonical cycle = stone panels

in Zeus’ temple at OLYMPIA. • By Hellenistic times, same 12 always appear in

roughly same order. • Early ones – set in Peloponnesus in ever widening

circle around Mycenae. Of fist 7 – 6 are single combat between man and beast. Subsequent adventures – south to Crete, North to Thrace, East to land of Amazons, West to Erythia, then to Paradise and to hell.

• Arrangement probably reflects a lost poem. H.’s geographical exploration further and further away, makes him model for Greeks living overseas.

VARIOUS DEEDS

• EURYTUS, daughter IOLÊ. Archery contest. H. won but E. refused to honor it.

• H. left.• Some of mares of E. missing.• IPHITUS. Believed in H. went to Tiryns to talk to him.• Mare IN H.s herd.• H. welcomed I. but then murdered him• Violation of sacred XENIA• Delphic oracles• Pythia so disgusted refused to answer• H. broke into temple seized tripod and ran away.• Apollo and H. wrestled over the tripod until Zeus separated them with a

thunderbolt.• A. agreed to purify H. under conditions:• Must serve a woman 3 years as slave• Must give everything earned to Eurytus as blood money.

• OMPHALÊ, queen of Lydia bought him• Hilarity ensues• Fun and cross dressing – wore each

others clothes.• Went out for some fun – slept in cave

Pan wanted some fun too and snuck into cve to feel for O. Felt for the negligee and jumped on the wrong person, got smashed into the cave wall.

• Troy

• King LAOMEDON

• PODARCES PRIAM ‘ransomed one’

DEATH OF HERAKLES.

• DEIANIRA. H. first heard of her while in underworld – ta=led to her brother MELEAGER.

• River god ACHELOÜS also wanted her. Wrestling, A. in form of bull. H. broke off one of his horns.

• H. w/ D. headed for TRACHIS. Had to cross river EVENUS. Centaur NESSUS ferried travelers across for fee.

• Tried to assault D. H. shot him w/arrow. Dying N. told D. to collect his blood + s, to use as a love potion if she should ever need it. Later H. killed EURYTUS and kidnapped IOLÊ. Wanted a clean cloak for a sacrifice.

• D. got worried and decided to ‘treat’ the cloak.• Warning of Zeus – no living man could kill him –would die by hands of the dead.

Venom of Hydra was in blood – killed him. “Dead-hand motif”.• D. stabbed herself.• . to ld Hyllus to marry IOLE and then made himself funeral pyre and lay on it.

Shepherd PHILOCTETES lit it. H. gave P. his bow• Cloud gathered around pyre, thunder crackeled and H. was raised into heaven –

his APOTHEOSIS ‘being made a god’. On OLYMPUS he married HEBÊ, ‘youth’

Heracles

• Son of Zeus

• ALCMENE