‘Investigation and implementation of Shibboleth SSO authentication mechanism through a specific...

7/22/2019 Investigation and implementation of Shibboleth SSO authentication mechanism through a specific scenario

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B @ \ M J W [ X

] J H \ M [ R H W X

Lnbuoty `l Mjdhjmmrhjd njg B`cputhjd

Hjvmsthdnth`j njg hcpomcmjtnth`j `l RehkkòmteRR@ nutemjthbnth`j cmbenjhsc terùde n

spmbhlhb sbmjnrh`

Nute`r1 Dhooms [ukmjs KngùmtCRb Jmtw`rf B`cputhjd

RHG1 2879274

Mcnho1dhooms.kngùmtIdcnho.b`c

Rupmrvhs`r1 Gr. [nent Hqkno

Rukchttmg hj pnrthno luolhocmjt `l tem rmquhrmcmjts l`r tem Gmdrmm `l Cnstmr `l Rbhmjbm Jmtw`rf B`cputhjd

Nbngmchb Xmnr1 ;9>;/>2


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Hjvmsthdnth`j njg hcpomcmjtnth`j `l Rehkkòmte RR@ nutemjthbnth`j cmbenjhsc terùde n spmbhlhb sbmjnrh` ;9>;/;9>2

Dhooms [ukmjs Kngùmt| C95BGM Yràmbt| B`vmjtry ]jhvmrshty| ;9>;-;9>2 Yndm > `l >;=

Gmbonrnth`j `l @rhdhjnohty

Wehs pràmbt hs noo cy `wj w`rf njg ens j`t kmmj b`phmg hj pnrt `r hj weòm lr`c njy

`temr sùrbm mxbmpt wemrm guoy nbfj`womgdmg. Ns sube, noo usm `l prmvhùsoy pukohsemg

w`rf (lr`c k``fs, aùrjnos, cndnzhjms, hjtmrjmt, mtb) ens kmmj nbfj`womgdmg whtehj tem

cnhj rmp`rt t` nj mjtry hj tem [mlmrmjbms ohst.

H ndrmm tent nj mombtr`jhb b`py `l tehs rmp`rt cny km st`rmg njg usmg l`r tem purp`sms `l

pondhnrhsc prmvmjth`j njg gmtmbth`j.

H ujgmrstnjg tent bemnthjd njg pondhnrhsc b`jsthtutm n krmnbe `l ]jhvmrshty [mduonth`js

njg whoo km gmnot whte nbb`rghjdoy.

Rhdjmg1 Dhooms [ukmjs Kngùmt Gntm1 ;2


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Dhooms [ukmjs Kng`umt| C95BGM Yr`ambt| B`vmjtry ]jhvmrshty| ;9>;-;9>2 Yndm ; `l >;=


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Dhooms [ukmjs Kngùmt| C95BGM Yràmbt| B`vmjtry ]jhvmrshty| ;9>;-;9>2 Yndm 2 `l >;=

Nkstrnbt

Wehs w`rf thtomg Hjvmsthdnth`j njg hcpomcmjtnth`j `l Rehkkòmte RR@ cmbenjhsc

terùde n bnsm sbmjnrh` prmsmjts, ghsbussms, gmsbrhkms njg mxponhjs tem cna`r nspmbtsnjg b`jbmpts `l Rehkkòmte pr`t`bò njg pr`vhgms tw` rmontmg pr`t`typms

hcpomcmjtnth`js `l tem pr`t`bò whtehj n smt `l be`smj t`òs njg mjvhr`jcmjts. Wem

hcpomcmjtnth`j rmohms `j tem pràmbt bohmjt spmbhlhbnth`js njg rmb`ccmjgnth`js njg

temrml`rm lòo`ws s`cm hcp`smg gmpo`ycmjt hjlrnstrubturms. Wem w`rf rmp`rt lhrst

l`busms `j tem rmsmnrbe hjvmsthdnth`j hj Rehkkòmte b`jbmpts, hts rmonth`jsehp whte

shchonr cmbenjhscs njg hts pnrthbuonrhthms hj tem Rhjdom Rhdj @j cmbenjhsc no`jdshgm

whte hts lmgmrnth`j prhjbhpoms. Ht nos` mcpenshzms `j tem RNCO (Rmburhty Nssmrth`j Cnrf-up Onjdundm), tem pr`t`bò tent Rehkkòmte hcpomcmjts njg `j wehbe ht rmohms. Wem

smb`jg cna`r pnrt `l tehs rmp`rt gmsbrhkms stmp ky stmp tem hjstnoonth`j, gmpo`ycmjt njg

b`jlhdurnth`js `l Rehkkòmte hj w`rfhjd pr`t`typms whtehj Thjg`ws knsmg @pmrnthjd

Rystmcs.

Wem prhcnry pr`t`typm hcpomcmjtnth`j hs n s`rt `l hjhthno gmpo`ycmjt bnrrhmg ùt whtehj n

smol-gmlhjmg ng-e`b mjvhr`jcmjt emophjd t` hcpomcmjt tem smb`jg pr`t`typm.

B`jshgmrmg hj tehs pràmbt ns tem rmno thcm pr`t`typm ns ht ens kmmj b`jgubtmg whtehj tem

bohmjt prmchsms, tem smb`jg pr`t`typm ens s`cm shchonr stmps `l tem prhcnry

hcpomcmjtnth`j njg hs cube c`rm b`cpomtm hj tmrcs `l nppohbnth`js hjtmdrnth`js njg tem

Rehkkòmte o`d ùt cmbenjhsc. Ht nos` l`busms c`rm `j tem bohmjt spmbhlhbnth`js. Wem

mjg `l tehs rmno thcm pr`t`typm pr`vhgms tem hjtmdrnth`j strntmdy `l ;74ohk.b`c/;74ohkGM

nppohbnth`j. N tmsthjd nppr`nbe hs temj pr`vhgmg t` gmc`jstrntm e`w subbmssluo sncpom

`l shcpom nppohbnth`js envm kmmj hjtmdrntmg hjt` tem hcpomcmjtnth`j. Wem tmst hooustrntms

whte gmtnhos gmsbrhpth`j tem cnhj usm bnsm sbmjnrh` `l nutemjthbnth`j terùde tem

Rehkkòmte knsmg shjdom shdj `j cmbenjhsc. Wem nppmjghx pnrt `l tehs rmp`rt njg tem

BG kùjg t` tem rmp`rt hjbougm tem b`jlhdurnth`j lhoms `l tem pràmbt hcpomcmjtnth`j, tem

tmsthjd gntn njg `temr pràmbt gmtnhos.

Wem pràmbt rmp`rt lhjnooy ghsbussms tem mjbùjtmrmg rhsfs njg hssums lnbmg terùdeùt

tem pràmbt pr`drmss no`jdshgm whte n brhthbno npprnhsno njg rmb`ccmjgnth`js l`r luturm

w`rfs.


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G`bucmjt cnp njg succnry vhmw


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Dhooms [ukmjs Kngùmt| C95BGM Yràmbt| B`vmjtry ]jhvmrshty| ;9>;-;9>2 Yndm = `l >;=

Wnkom `l B`jtmjts

Nkstrnbt ..................................................................................................................... 2G`bucmjt cnp njg succnry vhmw ......................................................................... 7Wnkom `l B`jtmjts ..................................................................................................... =Lhdurms ohst ................................................................................................................ 5Nbr`jycs njg nkkrmvhnth`js ohst ............................................................................ 8Ngghth`jno Cntmrhnos `j tem Nbb`cpnjyhjd BG ................................................... >9Nbfj`womgdmcmjts ................................................................................................ >>Benptmr >1 Hjtr`gubth`j .......................................................................................... >2>.> Yràmbt gmlhjhth`j njg b`jtmxt ......................................................................... >2>.; Knbfdrùjg t` tem Yràmbt ............................................................................... >7>.2 Yràmbt Rb`pm njg @kambthvms ......................................................................... >=

>.2.> Rb`pm .................................................................................................................>=>.2.; @kambthvms ..........................................................................................................>4

>.7 [mp`rt `vmrvhmw ................................................................................................ >4Benptmr ;1 Cmte`gò`dy......................................................................................... >8;.> Yr`komc Hgmjthlhbnth`j ...................................................................................... >8;.; Cmte`gò`dy nppr`nbe njg austhlhbnth`j ........................................................ >8;.2 @vmrvhmw `l tem Tmk RR@ cmbenjhsc ........................................................... ;>

;.2.> @vmrvhmw ............................................................................................................;>;.2.; Tmk RR@ nrbehtmbturm ........................................................................................;>;.2.2 RR@ pr`t`bòs ....................................................................................................;;;.2.7 RR@ nssmts ........................................................................................................;2

;.7 Cna`r nspmbts `l RNCO pr`t`bò njg RR@ usm bnsm ..................................... ;7;.7.> Gmlhjhth`j njg `vmrvhmw ......................................................................................;7;.7.; RNCO knshb usm bnsm .........................................................................................;=;.7.2 RNCO `temr usm bnsm sbmjnrh`s .........................................................................; Rehkkòmte nrbehtmbturm njg b`cp`jmjts ............................................................27;.=.; @vmrvhmw `l tem wmk RR@ stmps whte Rehkkòmte ................................................2 Hjtr`gubth`j ....................................................................................................... 7;2.; Tmk RR@ pr`t`bòs .......................................................................................... 7;


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Dhooms [ukmjs Kngùmt| C95BGM Yràmbt| B`vmjtry ]jhvmrshty| ;9>;-;9>2 Yndm < `l >;=

2.2 Wem usm `l RNCO .............................................................................................. 722.7 Nppohbnth`j `l Rehkkòmte ................................................................................ 7=2.= Dnp njg b`jtrhkuth`j ....................................................................................... 74Benptmr 71 Hcpomcmjtnth`j rmquhrmcmjts ............................................................. 757.> [mquhrmcmjts dntemrhjd pr`bmgurm ................................................................ 757.; [mquhrmcmjts tnkom .......................................................................................... =9Benptmr =1 Rystmc njnoyshs njg gmshdj ............................................................... =;=.> Rystmc `vmrvhmw .............................................................................................. =;=.; ]sm bnsm c`gmoohjd ghndrnc ........................................................................... =2=.2 Rystmc nrbehtmbturm ......................................................................................... =7

=.2.> Yrhcnry pr`t`typm nrbehtmbturm ............................................................................=7=.2.; [mno thcm pr`t`typm nrbehtmbturm .........................................................................=4

=.7 Eucnj- B`cputmr Hjtmrlnbm ............................................................................ =8Benptmr >9

5.7 ûnohty Cnjndmcmjt....................................................................................... >>>


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Benptmr 81 Brhthbno Npprnhsno ............................................................................... >>28.> Mxpmrhmjbm njg fj`womgdm dnhjmg ............................................................... >>28.; Hjtmrmsthjd njg ghllhbuot nspmbts `l tem pràmbt ............................................ >>=8.2 Yràmbt ùtb`cms ........................................................................................... >>>>4Benptmr >91 B`jboush`js ..................................................................................... >>5>9.> Nbehmvmcmjts ............................................................................................... >>5>9.; Luturm T`rf .................................................................................................. >>8Benptmr >>1 Rtugmjt [mlombth`js ......................................................................... >;9Khkoh`drnpey njg [mlmrmjbms .............................................................................. >;>

Nppmjghx N Yràmbt pr`p`sno njg Rpmbhlhbnth`js ...... NMrrmur ! Rhdjmt j`j glhjh.Nppmjghx K B`jlhdurnth`j lhoms `l tem prhcnry pr`t`typm hcpomcmjtnth`j .... N>Nppmjghx B B`jlhdurnth`j lhoms `l tem rmno thcm pr`t`typm hcpomcmjtnth`j ... N>Nppmjghx G Ontmst Hcpomcmjtnth`j tmsthjd gntn njg o`ds ............................. N;4Nppmjghx M Hjtmrhc Yr`drmss [mp`rt njg Cmmthjd [mb`rg .. NMrrmur ! Rhdjmt j`jglhjh.Nppmjghx L Yr`drmss njg ghsbussh`js j`tms whte tem pràmbt bohmjt ... NMrrmur !Rhdjmt j`j glhjh.


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Lhdurms ohst

Lhdurm >1 Cmte`gò`dy nppr`nbe.;9Lhdurm ;1 Rhcpohlhmg Tmk RR@ nrbehtmbturm...;;Lhdurm 21 RNCO Knshb usm bnsm...;=Lhdurm 71 RNCO strubturm..;4Lhdurm =1 Rhcpohlhmg mxncpom `l n Rukambt, Nssmrth`j njg Rtntmcmjt Rtrubturm...29Lhdurm Lhdurm 41 HgY b`cp`jmjts strubturm27Lhdurm 51 RR@ smqumjbm ghndrnc25Lhdurm 81 Rehkkòmte pr`lhom...79Lhdurm >91 ;74ohk.b`c/;74ohkGM mxhsthjd hjtmrlnbm7>

Lhdurm >>1 rmquhrmcmjts tnkom..=>Lhdurm >;1 Rystmc Ehde-omvmo b`jtmxt ghndrnc..=2Lhdurm >21 Rystmc ]sm Bnsm ghndrnc=7Lhdurm >71 Yeyshbno strubturm `l tem prhcnry pr`t`typm.==Lhdurm >=1 O`dhbno strubturm `l tem prhcnry. ..=4Lhdurm >41 HHR 4 rmquhrmg smrvhbms smtthjd...51 Hjstnoonth`j `l RY smtthjds...81 B`jlhdurnth`j `l AN\NPE@CM vnrhnkoms.9>Lhdurm 7>1 HgY o`d ùt p`rtno...>9>Lhdurm 7;1 [hsfs nssmsscmjt `l tem pràmbt cnjndmcmjt >94

Lhdurm 721 Yrhcnry pr`t`typm hcpomcmjtnth`j hssums njg sòuth`js.>>9Lhdurm 771 [mno thcm pr`t`typm hcpomcmjtnth`j hssums njg sòuth`js.>>>


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Nbr`jycs njg nkkrmvhnth`js ohstNG1 Nbthvm Ghrmbt`ryNGLR1 Nbthvm Ghrmbt`ry Lmgmrnth`j RmrvhbmsNJR Otg1 Nppohmg Jmtw`rf Ròuth`js OhchtmgBNN1 Bmjtrno Nutemjthbnth`j RmrvhbmBG1 B`cpnbt GhsfBJ1 B`cc`j JncmBR[1 Bmrthlhbntm Rhdjhjd [mqumstGB1 G`cnhj B`cp`jmjtGJ1 Ghsthjduhsemg JncmGJR1 G`cnhj Jncm RystmcGR1 Ghsb`vmry Rmrvhbm

LÊJ1 Luoo ûnohlhmg E`stjncmEWWY1 Eypmrtmxt Wrnjslmr Yr`t`bòEWWYG1 Eypmrtmxt Wrnjslmr Yr`t`bò Gnmc`jEWWYR1 Eypmrtmxt Wrnjslmr Yr`t`bò RmburmHgY1 Hgmjthty Yr`vhgmrHMMM1 Hjsthtutm `l Mombtrhbno njg Mombtr`jhbs MjdhjmmrsHHR1 Hjtmrjmt Hjl`rcnth`j RmrvhbmsHY1 Hjtmrjmt Yr`t`bòHR@1 Hjtmrjnth`jno @rdnjhsnth`j l`r Rtnjgnrghznth`jHW1 Hjl`rcnth`j Wmbejò`dyANNR1Anvn Nutemjthbnth`j njg Nute`rhznth`j Rmrvhbm

AHRB1 A`hjt Hjl`rcnth`j Rystmcs B`cchttmmOGNY1 Ohdetwmhdet Ghrmbt`ry Nbbmss Yr`t`bòOGNYR1 Ohdetwmhdet Ghrmbt`ry Nbbmss Yr`t`bò RmburmOGHL1 OGNY Gntn Hjtmrbenjdm L`rcnt@NRHR1 @rdnjhznth`j l`r tem Ngvnjbmcmjt `l Rtrubturmg Hjl`rcnth`j Rtnjgnrgs@R1 @pmrnthjd RystmcY@RW1 Y`wmr-`j smol-tmst[YB1 [mc`tm Yr`bmgurm BnooRNCO1 Rmburhty Nssmrth`j Cnrf-up OnjdundmRHY1 Rmssh`j Hjhthnth`j Yr`t`bò

RO@1 Rhjdom O`d @utRJ1 RurjncmR@NY1 Rhcpom @kambt Nbbmss Yr`t`bòRY1 Rmrvhbm Yr`vhgmrRR@1 Rhjdom Rhdj @jRRO1 Rmburm Remoo\`HY1 \`hbm `vmr Hjtmrjmt Yr`t`bòUCO1 Mxtmjshkom Cnrf-up Onjdundm


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Dhooms [ukmjs Kngùmt| C95BGM Yràmbt| B`vmjtry ]jhvmrshty| ;9>;-;9>2 Yndm >9 `l >;=

Ngghth`jno Cntmrhnos `j tem Nbb`cpnjyhjd BG

Kmo`w hs tem ohst `l cntmrhnos `j tem nbb`cpnjyhjd BG pr`vhgmg t` B`vmjtry ]jhvmrshty

`j tem cnrdhj `l tem pràmbt rmquhrmcmjts njg nssmsscmjt. Nc`jd tem kmo`w ohstmg

b`jshgmrmg ns nppmjghxms hj tehs rmp`rt6 `joy tem b`jlhdurnth`js lhoms b`jtmjts nrm

hjbougmg hj tem nbtuno rmp`rt.

Yràmbt pr`p`sno njg spmbhlhbnth`js

B`jlhdurnth`j lhoms `l tem prhcnry pr`t`typm hcpomcmjtnth`j

B`jlhdurnth`j lhoms `l tem rmno thcm pr`t`typm hcpomcmjtnth`j

Ontmst hcpomcmjtnth`j tmsthjd gntn njg o`ds

Hjtmrhc Yr`drmss [mp`rt njg Cmmthjd [mb`rgs

Yr`drmss njg ghsbussh`js j`tms whte tem pràmbt bohmjt


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Dhooms [ukmjs Kngùmt| C95BGM Yràmbt| B`vmjtry ]jhvmrshty| ;9>;-;9>2 Yndm >> `l >;=

Nbfj`womgdmcmjts

Hl H envm smmj lnrtemr ht hs ky stnjghjd `j tem seùogmrs `l dhnjts (Jmwt`j,H, >


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Dhooms [ukmjs Kng`umt| C95BGM Yr`ambt| B`vmjtry ]jhvmrshty| ;9>;-;9>2 Yndm >; `l >;=


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Benptmr >1 Hjtr`gubth`j

>.> Yràmbt gmlhjhth`j njg b`jtmxt

Wem cnjndmcmjt `l nbbmss t` `johjm rmsùrbms ens nownys kmmj nj hssum t` km gmnot

whte whtehj hjsthtuth`js njg b`cpnjhms. Went hssum pnrthbuonroy brubhno hj tent b`jbmrjs

senrmg rmsùrbms dmjmrnooy rmshgms `j tem smburhty cmbenjhscs njg pr`t`bòs t` km

usmg l`r smrvhbms njg rmsùrbms nbbmss, c`stoy wemj ht b`cms t` tem lmgmrnth`j `l

smvmrno `rdnjhsnth`js njg hjsthtuth`js shjbm temrm hs n str`jd dr`whjd hjtmrmst hj

rmsùrbms senrhjd, hjtmrnbth`js njg bòonk`rnth`j whtehj kushjmss njg nbngmchb nrmns.

Thte tem mjenjbmcmjt `l wmk smrvhbms njg `temr nppohbnth`j typms, usmrs sthoo lnbm

b`jshgmrnkom hssums l`r shcpom, quhbf njg snlm nbbmss rmsùrbms. Wem cna`r qumsth`j hs

e`w nbbmss t` n vnrhmty `l smrvhbms njg rmsùrbms bnj km cnjndmg nppr`prhntmoy hj nj

hjsthtuth`j njg whtehj lmgmrntmg `rdnjhsnth`js whteùt b`cpr`chshjd tem usmrs prhvnby

njg hjl`rcnth`j smburhty. R`cmthcms usmrs nos` jmmg t` nbbmss smrvhbms `r nppohbnth`js

terùde n shjdom shdj `j cmbenjhsc tent hs j`t nownys mnsy t` hcpomcmjt wemtemr

o`bnooy `r mxtmrjnooy (Mrg`s, C njg Bnjt`r, R, ;99;).

Rehkkòmte, tem bmjtrno p`hjt `l tehs pràmbt hs `jm `l tem c`st wnjtmg njg rmqumstmg

chggomwnrm usmg hj T`rog Thgm Tmk hjlrnstrubturms `r mjvhr`jcmjts t` pr`tmbt `johjm

rmsùrbms lr`c kmhjd nbbmssmg ky hoomdhthcntm usmrs. @jm `l hts cna`r nspmbts hs tem

hcpomcmjtnth`j `l tem shjdom shdj `j cmbenjhsc terùde n ehde omvmo pr`t`bò bnoomg

RNCO (Rmburhty Nssmrth`j Cnr-up Onjdundm). Kmbnusm Rehkkòmte hs nj `pmj sùrbm

hjlrnstrubturm pontl`rc, lomxhkom njg vmry p`wmrluo, ht hs kmb`chjd vmry p`puonr njg

gmcnjgmg nbr`ss ujhvmrshthms, bòomdms, rmsmnrbe bmjtrms, knjfs, `temr kushjmss nrmns

njg c`rm. Hj `rgmr t` hcpomcmjt sube nj hjlrnstrubturm, nj `rdnjhsnth`j bnj mhtemr g` s`terùde n ehde trnhjmg HW gmpnrtcmjt `r ùtsùrbmg t` nj HW smrvhbms pr`vhgmr

spmbhnohsmg hj rmontmg pràmbts. NJR (Nppohmg Jmtw`rf Ròuth`js) hs nj HW b`cpnjy tent

pr`vhgms nc`jd `temrs wmk nppohbnth`js sòuth`js, gmpo`ycmjt b`jsuotnjby `j

hjj`vnthvm njg hjtmdrnth`js hjlrnstrubturm pontl`rcs whtehj `rdnjhsnth`js, hjsthtuth`js njg

`temr b`cpnjhms. Hts cnhj smrvhbm hs tem ohkrnry nbbmss cnjndmcmjt. E`wmvmr, NJR

g`ms j`t ymt pr`vhgm sube n smrvhbm terùde n shjdom shdj `j cmbenjhsc sube ns

Rehkkòmte l`r nbbmss t` hts ohkrnry nppohbnth`js, jmhtemr gmohvmr njy mxpmrthsm hjRehkkòmte hcpomcmjtnth`j l`r bust`cmrs jmmghjd Rehkkòmte. Wehs pràmbt hs nkùt


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pr`vhghjd NJR whte n strntmdy sfmtbe `l ujgmrstnjghjd njg hcpomcmjthjd Rehkkòmte `j

n knshs `l temhr spmbhlhbnth`js pr`vhgmg.

>.; Knbfdrùjg t` tem Yràmbt[neuo Gmsecufe (j.g.) lr`c Fnjsns Rtntm ]jhvmrshty stntmg tent Rehkkòmte hs n fhjg `l

ohjduhsthb pnssw`rg tent hgmjthlhms `jm ns n cmckmr `l n drùp. Nbb`rghjd t` tem ehst`ry,

tw` Rmchthb trhkms, tem Mpernhchtms njg tem Dhomnghtms, envm n drmnt knttom. Wem

Dhomnghtms gmlmnt tem Mpernhchtms, njg smt up n ko`bfngm t` bntbe tem lommhjd

Mpernhchtms. Wem Dhomnghtm smjtrhms nsf mnbe pmrs`j t` sny tem w`rg sehkkòmte. Wem

Mpernhchtms, we` envm j` se sùjg hj temhr onjdundm, pr`jùjbmg tem w`rg whte nj s

njg wmrm temrmky ujcnsfmg ns tem mjmcy njg sonudetmrmg. Weus, n pmrs`j we`vhòntms n sehkkòmte bnj km rnphgoy hgmjthlhmg ns nj ùtshgmr njg hccmghntmoy mxbougmg

lr`c tem drùp. Hj tem Mjdohse onjdundm tem w`rg Rehkkòmte cmnjs nj nrkhtrnry tmst `r

bust`c tent ghsthjduhsems `jm drùp lr`c nj`temr, `r n w`rg `r so`dnj hgmjthlhmg whte n

pnrthbuonr drùp `r pnrty.

Hjsthtuth`js, `rdnjhsnth`js njg nbngmchn envm kmmj ushjd vnrhùs sòuth`js hj `rgmr t`

cnjndm `johjm senrmg rmsùrbms shjbm mnrohmst ymnrs wemrm rmsùrbms njg smrvhbmsstnrtmg t` km nvnhonkom `johjm. Nc`jdst te`sm sòuth`js Ntemjs, Fmrkmr`s njg c`rm nrm

s`cm `l temc tent prmsmjt s`cm notmrjnthvms. Wem qumsth`j `l n lomxhkom, `pmjmg,

rmohnkom njg mvmj lrmm sòuth`j tent pr`pmroy gmnos whte usmrs prhvnby, hjl`rcnth`j

smburhty wehom pr`vhghjd n shjdom shdj `j nutemjthbnth`j cmbenjhsc whtehj njg nbr`ss

kùjgnrhms ens nownys kmmj rnhsmg. J`w, Rehkkòmte, n trngmcnrf `l Hjtmrjmt ; (n ]RN

jmtw`rf b`js`rthuc grhvmj ky cmckmrs lr`c mgubnth`j, hjgustrhms, d`vmrjcmjt njg

rmsmnrbe b`ccujhthms nrùjg tem w`rog) hs nj hjlrnstrubturm- knsmg sòuth`j njg nj

`pmj stnjgnrg gmshdjmg t` luolho tem nk`vm rmquhrmcmjts. Rehkkòmte hs mcmrdhjd njg

c`vhjd lnst hj tem l`rc `l tem RNCO hcpomcmjtnth`j tent hs n smburhty pr`t`bò lr`c tem

@rdnjhznth`j l`r tem Ngvnjbmcmjt `l Rtrubturmg Hjl`rcnth`j Rtnjgnrgs (@NRHR).

Rehkkòmte hcpomcmjts tem RNCO pr`t`bò terùde n smt `l `pmj s`ltwnrm nppohbnth`js

(Aèj Ynsbeùg ;997).

NJR (Nppohmg Jmtw`rf Ròuth`js) hs nj HW Rupp`rt b`cpnjy lùjgmg hj >889 tent

suppohms HW kushjmss sòuth`js, mspmbhnooy tem ohkrnry cnjndmcmjt systmcs. NJR

pr`vhgms nc`jd `temrs tem lòo`whjd smrvhbms1 wmk nppohbnth`js, gmpo`ycmjt


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Dhooms [ukmjs Kngùmt| C95BGM Yràmbt| B`vmjtry ]jhvmrshty| ;9>;-;9>2 Yndm >= `l >;=

b`jsuotnjby `j hjj`vnthvm njg hjtmdrnth`js hjlrnstrubturm pontl`rcs whtehj `rdnjhsnth`js,

CR whjg`ws sòuth`js, `johjm ohkrnry smrvhbms njg c`rm (Nppohmg Jmtw`rf Ròuth`js,

;9>2).

@jm `l tem cna`r NJR pr`gubts hs ;74ohk.b`c/;74ohkGM, n ohkrnry cnjndmcmjt pontl`rc

pr`vhghjd n r`kust wmk kr`wsmr knsmg hjtmrlnbm t` hts nppohbnth`js nbbmss. We`sm

nppohbnth`js nrm nvnhonkom l`r ]jhvmrshthms, D`vmrjcmjt, Bòomdms, B`rp`rntm, Emnote

Bmjtrms njg cnjy `temr hjsthtuth`js njg hjbougm rmsùrbms noo`whjd tem cnjndmcmjt `l

tem lòo`whjd nppohbnth`js `r smrvhbms1 [mp`rts, Bntno`dum, @rgmrs, Rurvmy, Lhjnjbm,

Rt`bf Htmcs, Nute`rhthms, K`rr`wmrs, Bhrbuonth`j, K``fhjds, Ymrh`ghbnos njg Mjquhrhms.

NJR g`ms j`t ymt pr`vhgm nbbmss t` te`sm smrvhbms vhn n shjdom shdj `j cmbenjhsc hj

sube n wny tent n thmrs b`cpnjy we` suksbrhkmg t` cnjy smrvhbms hs nkom t` nbbmss

temc ushjd n shjdom usmrjncm njg n shjdom pnssw`rg (Nppohmg Jmtw`rf Ròuth`js,

;9>2).

Lurtemrc`rm, NJR wùog nos` ohfm t` hjbougm hj tem vnrhmty `l hts smrvhbms tem b`jsuotnjby

njg tem ùtsùrbhjd `l tem shjdom shdj `j cmbenjhsc hcpomcmjtnth`j, j`tnkoy terùde

Rehkkòmte.

>.2 Yràmbt Rb`pm njg @kambthvms

>.2.> Rb`pm

- Rb`pm gmsbrhpth`j

Ht hs vmry hcp`rtnjt t` prmbhsm tent tehs pràmbt ùtput whoo km n w`rfhjd pr`t`typm

ushjd nppr`prhntm t`òs. E`wmvmr, tehs hs j`t ghrmbtoy hjtmjgmg l`r njy b`ccmrbhno

mxpo`htnth`j shjbm lurtemr pnrncmtmrs jmmg t` km tnfmj hjt` nbbùjt wemj ht whoo

b`cm t` nppoy tem pr`gubt hj b`ccmrbhnohsnth`j hjtmdrnth`j. @l bùrsm NJR Otg

njg njy nute`rhsmg usmr bùog cnfm usm `l tem pràmbt rmsuot njg nppoy ht t` n

rmno hjtmdrnth`j `jbm temy whoo cmmt noo tem tmbejhbno njg j`j tmbejhbno b`jghth`js

njg rmquhrmcmjts t` g` s`.

Wem lmnturms `l tehs w`rf b`vmr noo tem cna`r rmsmnrbe nspmbts rmquhrmg t` bnrry

ùt tem pràmbt.

Wem pnpmr nos` hjtr`gubms lurtemr usm `l Rehkkòmte tmbejò`dy.


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Dhooms [ukmjs Kngùmt| C95BGM Yràmbt| B`vmjtry ]jhvmrshty| ;9>;-;9>2 Yndm >< `l >;=

Noteùde tem lhrst pnrt `l tehs pràmbt knsmg `j tem Rehkkòmte hjvmsthdnth`j b`vmrs

noo tem cna`r nspmbts njg pr`gubts usmg t` gmpo`y luooy Rehkkòmte, tem

hcpomcmjtnth`j pnrt gmnos `joy whte tem pr`gubts jmbmssnry l`r tehs pràmbt `j n

knshs `l tem bohmjt spmbhlhbnth`j. We`sm Rehkkòmte pr`gubts hjbougm Rmrvhbm

Yr`vhgmr njg Hgmjthty Yr`vhgmr.

- Yràmbt gmohchtnth`j njg mxboush`j

Wehs pnpmr bnjj`t nll`rg t` b`vmr noo tem nspmbts `l Rehkkòmte up t` gntm shjbm

Rehkkòmte htsmol hs n vmry whgm pràmbt tent fmmps c`vhjd `vmr tem thcm. Hjstmng

tem pnpmr prmsmjts hj gmpte tem cna`r b`jbmpts tent Rehkkòmte usms njg tem wny

temy w`rf.

Wem pnpmr g`ms j`t pr`vhgm ngvnjbmg b`jbmpts `l tem RNCO pr`t`bò njg `temr

rmontmg tmbejò`dhms hj dmjmrno. Hjstmng, ht prmsmjts tem RNCO ns Rehkkòmte

rmoyhjd pr`t`bò.

Wem rmp`rt g`ms j`t bonhc t` sòvm noo tem hssums rmontmg t` `temr Rehkkòmte-

knsmg pràmbts, kut seùog km b`jshgmrmg ns n b`jtrhkuth`j t` `temr w`rfs njg

s`cm nwnrmjmss `j tem shjdom shdj cmbenjhsc knsmg `j Rehkkòmte.

Noteùde s`cm stmps `l tem hcpomcmjtnth`j bnj km b`cc`j t` noo tem `pmrnthjdsystmcs typms, tem mssmjthno `pmrnthjd systmc mjvhr`jcmjt tent tehs pràmbt

nggrmssms hs Chbr`s`lt whjg`ws knsmg.

Wehs hcpomcmjtnth`j hs lnr t` km tem `joy pr`bmss t` lòo`w hl `jm wnjts t`

hcpomcmjt Rehkkòmte `vmr Thjg`ws knsmg `pmrnthjd systmcs shjbm temrm nrm

cnjy `temr tmbejhqums gmpmjghjd `j tem mxpmrthsm omvmo njg `temr spmbhlhbnth`js.

Noteùde Npnbem W`cbnt < hs usmg `j tehs hcpomcmjtnth`j, tem rmno t`ò t` km

b`jshgmrmg ns wmk smrvmr hs HHR 4. W`cbnt < hs usmg aust ns smrvomts b`jtnhjmr.

Ym`pom whoohjd t` usm tehs Rehkkòmte pr`bmss hcpomcmjtnth`j whoo lnbm s`cm

hssums hl temy g`jt lòo`w mvmrytehjd stmp ky stmp ky nos` cnfhjd surm tent noo tem

mrr`rs njg pr`komcs lr`c `jm stmp nrm sòvmg kml`rm c`vhjd t` tem jmxt stmp.

Ynrthno tmsts pr`vhjd tent tem hcpomcmjtnth`j hs hj tem d``g pr`bmss nrm pr`vhgmg

whte rmontmg subbmssluo cmssndms. R`cm hssums bnj nos` km mjbùjtmrmg hl `jm

usmg `temr t`òs vmrsh`js tenj te`sm usmg hj tehs pràmbt.

Noo tem b`jbmpts njg tmrcs usmg hj tehs pràmbt nrm wmk- knsmg.


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- Nssucpth`j

Wehs rmp`rt nssucms tem lòo`whjd stntmcmjt1 Njy`jm whoohjd t` mxpo`ht tem

b`jtmjt ens n chjhcuc ujgmrstnjghjd hj jmtw`rf njg mspmbhnooy hj wmk-knsmg

pr`t`bòs sube n EWWY, EWWYR, EWWYG, UCO njg RRO. Wem NJR wmk pontl`rc

w`rfs pr`pmroy shjbm tem pràmbt g`ms j`t gmno whte NJR wmk nppohbnth`js npnrt

lr`c se`whjd e`w t` dmt temc (pnrthbuonroy ;74ohk.b`c/;74ohkGM)

b`ccujhbnthjd whte Rehkkòmte hcpomcmjtnth`j, hj `temr w`rgs temhr hjtmdrnth`j t`

Rehkkòmte. NJR wmk nppohbnth`js nrm NRY .Jmt pontl`rc knsmg njg temrmky, tem

nppohbnth`j `l tehs pràmbt l`r `temr pontl`rcs cny rmquhrm vnrhùs c`ghlhbnth`js

gmpmjghjd `j tem omvmo `l b`cpnthkhohty nspmbts.

>.2.; @kambthvms

Wem nhc `l tehs pràmbt b`jshsts `l tw` cna`r pnrts1 Wem lhrst pnrt nhcs t` bnrry ùt n

bomnr hjvmsthdnth`j ky prmsmjthjd n bèmrmjt gmsbrhpth`j `l Rehkkòmte pr`t`bò ns n

shjdom shdj `j cmbenjhsc burrmjtoy vmry gmcnjgmg t` nggrmss cuothpom wmk

nppohbnth`js njg smrvhbms nutemjthbnth`j. Wem smb`jg pnrt ens n purp`sm t` omng njg

gmohvmr nj hcpomcmjtnth`j strntmdy `l Rehkkòmte terùde NJR wmk nppohbnth`js pontl`rc

;74ohk.b`c/;74ohkGM tent b`cprhsms suk- nppohbnth`js sube ns Rurvmy, Lhjnjbm, Rt`bfhtmcs njg s` `j. Went hcpomcmjtnth`j nppr`nbe hs grhvmj ky tmbejhbno njg prnbthbno

mxpmrhcmjtnth`js vhn nppr`prhntm mjvhr`jcmjt t`òs tent whoo km prmsmjtmg terùdeùt

tehs pnpmr. Weus nj nute`rhsmg usmr, vhn n wmk kr`wsmr, whoo km pr`vhgmg nutemjthbnth`j

njg hgmjthlhbnth`j ky Rehkkòmte kml`rm nbbmsshjd n sncpom `l gmlhjmg wmk nppohbnth`js.

Wem strntmdy `l hcpomcmjthjd tem tmsthjd nppohbnth`js whoo km pr`vhgmg l`r tem hjtmdrnth`j

`l ;74ohk.b`c/;74ohkGM, hjboughjd s`cm pnrthbuonrhthms. Wemrml`rm, nt tem mjg `l tem

hcpomcmjtnth`j, n gmlhjmg njg nute`rhsmg usmr seùog km nkom t` nbbmss tmsthjd

nppohbnth`js terùde n shjdom shdj `j cmbenjhsc tent hs whteùt tem jmmg t` pr`vhgm

nbbmss pnrncmtmrs l`r mnbe nppohbnth`j.

>.7 [mp`rt `vmrvhmw

Wehs pràmbt lhrst `l noo b`jshsts `l hjvmsthjd njg gmsbrhkhjd cna`r Rehkkòmte b`jbmpts

njg hts lujbth`jhjd nrbehtmbturm. Nltmrwnrgs hs lòo`wmg tem hcpomcmjtnth`j strntmdy

terùde n suhtnkom mxpmrhcmjtnth`j mjvhr`jcmjt. Gum t` tem spmbhlhbnth`js `l tem pràmbt

bohmjt, tem hcpomcmjtnth`j hs c`stoy whjg`ws- knsmg mjvhr`jcmjt. Wem cnhj

b`cp`jmjts njg p`hjts tent tehs pràmbt rmp`rt b`vmrs nrm tem lòo`whjds1


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- N rmsmnrbe cmte`gò`dy

- N ohtmrnturm rmvhmw njg rmontmg w`rfs

- Wem rmquhrmcmjts `l tem pràmbt hcpomcmjtnth`j

- Wem Hcpomcmjtnth`j njnoyshs njg gmshdj

- Wem pr`t`typm hcpomcmjtnth`j

- Wem hcpomcmjtnth`j tmst

- Wem pràmbt cnjndmcmjt

- N brhthbno Npprnhsno

- B`jboush`js

- Rtugmjt rmlombth`js

Wemrm nrm cnhjoy termm hjtmjgmg nughmjbms l`r tehs g`bucmjt1 Rhcpom rmngmrs we` wnjt

t` envm nj hgmn `l Rehkkòmte njg tem RNCO pr`t`bò, tmbejhbnooy-chjgmg rmngmrs we`

wùog ohfm t` dmt n lurtemr hgmn nkùt tem hcpomcmjtnth`j `l tem RNCO pr`t`bò vhn

Rehkkòmte njg lhjnooy pm`pom we` wnjt t` ujgmrstnjg hj gmpte Rehkkòmte njg `jm `l

tem cmnjs `l hcpomcmjthjd hts b`cp`jmjts `vmr wmk smrvmrs. Wemrmky, tehs b`jtmjt

stnrts ky pr`vhghjd lr`c n knshb ujgmrstnjghjd `l tem Rehkkòmte t` hts hcpomcmjtnth`j

stmps.


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Benptmr ;1 Cmte`gò`dy

Hj `rgmr t` b`cm up whte n sòuth`j t` tem smt `kambthvms hj tehs pràmbt, tem pr`komc tent

tem pràmbt gmsbrhpth`j rnhsms ens t` km hgmjthlhmg njg nj nppr`nbe `l hjvmsthdnth`j njg

rmsòuth`j cmte`gò`dy ens t` km gmlhjmg.

;.> Yr`komc Hgmjthlhbnth`j

Burrmjtoy, temrm nrm smvmrno hgmjthty njg nbbmss cnjndmcmjt cmbenjhscs nbr`ss tem

wmk. C`st pnrt `l temc pr`vhgms stnjgnrg nbbmss cmbenjhscs t` senrmg rmsùrbms njg

nppohbnth`js. Rtnjgnrg kmbnusm hl n usmr jmmgs t` nbbmss n smt `l dhvmj nppohbnth`js,

temy envm t` pr`vhgm mnbe thcm temhr brmgmjthnos. N chj`rhty `l temc pr`vhgms n shjdom

shdj `j cmbenjhsc t` nbbmss nppohbnth`js. Burrmjtoy `jm `l tem c`st p`wmrluo njg c`st

gmcnjgmg shjdom shdj cmbenjhscs wehbe hs `kambt t` tehs pràmbt hs Rehkkòmte. Wem

b`cpnjy bohmjt t` tehs pràmbt (NJR) hs ohchtmg t` n stnjgnrg cmbenjhsc t` pmrcht temhr

bust`cmrs t` nbbmss temhr nppohbnth`js. Went cmnjs, burrmjtoy, n bust`cmr cust nownys

pr`vhgm temhr brmgmjthnos l`r mnbe nppohbnth`j temy wnjt t` nbbmss, hj `temr w`rgs temy

bnjj`t nbbmss nt tem sncm thcm smvmrno nppohbnth`js whtehj tem sncm smssh`j njg whte

sncm brmgmjthnos (usmrjncm/ pnssw`rg). C`rm`vmr, R`cm NJR bust`cmrs sube ns

]jhvmrshthms njg Bòomdms nrm b`jthjuùsoy rmqumsthjd l`r Rehkkòmte hcpomcmjtnth`j

whtehj temhr jmtw`rfs t` noo`w Rehkkòmte-knsmg nutemjthbnth`j whtehj temhr hjtmrjno njg

mxtmrjno nppohbnth`js, kut NJR g`ms j`t ymt envm n Rehkkòmte mxpmrthsm t` pr`vhgm sube

nj hcpomcmjtnth`j. Hj tem b`jtmxt `l lmgmrnth`j whtehj hjsthtuth`js njg `rdnjhsnth`js hj

pnrtjmrsehp wemrm Rehkkòmte hs tem nutemjthbnth`j cmbenjhsc l`r nbbmss t` senrmg

rmsùrbms NJR nos` jmmgs t` ng`pt Rehkkòmte t` mxtmjg temhr kushjmss.

Wem lujgncmjtno qumsth`j hj tehs pràmbt hs temrml`rm t` hjvmsthdntm njg pr`vhgm nj

nppr`prhntm njnoyshs njg gmsbrhpth`j nkùt Rehkkòmte, mcpenshzhjd hj tem b`jtmxt `l tem

bohmjt spmbhlhbnth`js, t` pr`vhgm tem bohmjt whte n Rehkkòmte hcpomcmjtnth`j strntmdy

hjboughjd tem hjtmdrnth`j `l nppohbnth`js mxncpoms (hj w`rfhjd pr`t`typm) njg t` gmlhjm

nj hjtmdrnth`j strntmdy `l ;74ohk.b`c/;74ohkGM.

;.; Cmte`gò`dy nppr`nbe njg austhlhbnth`j

Ns tehs pràmbt b`jgubt d`ms lr`c n dmjmrno b`jbmpt `l wmk nbbmss cnjndmcmjt whtehjsenrmg rmsùrbms t` n spmbhlhb sbmjnrh` tent hs tem usm bnsm, tem hjvmsthdnth`j,


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Dhooms [ukmjs Kngùmt| C95BGM Yràmbt| B`vmjtry ]jhvmrshty| ;9>;-;9>2 Yndm ;9 `l >;=

nppohbnth`j strntmdy njg cmte`gs usmg hj tehs w`rf hs n usmr-gmlhjmg cmte`gò`dy tent

nhcs lhrst `l noo t` b`jgubt n rmsmnrbe `j tem pràmbt rmontmg pr`t`bòs njg rmontmg w`rfs

hj `rgmr t` lnrtemr ujgmrstnjg tem pràmbt b`jtmxt njg temrml`rm pr`vhgm nj

hcpomcmjtnth`j hj n w`rfhjd pr`t`typm, `j n knshs `l tem bohmjt rmb`ccmjgnth`js njg

tem pràmbt spmbhlhbnth`js.

Wem rmns`j `l be``shjd tem nk`vm cmte`gò`dy nppr`nbe rmshgms `j tem lnbt tent tehs

w`rf hs j`t t`tnooy n rmsmnrbe gmlhjmg pràmbt, j`r n s`ltwnrm `r nj nppohbnth`j

gmvmo`pcmjt, jmhtemr n survmy pràmbt. Hjstmng, tehs pràmbt hs nkùt n rmsmnrbe njg

hjvmsthdnth`j nrùjg n pr`t`bò `r tmbejò`dy (Rehkkòmte) njg hts nppohbnth`j nt n

bmrtnhj omvmo whtehj n gmlhjmg mjvhr`jcmjt. Wemrmky, tem rmsmnrbe, njnoyshs njg

hcpomcmjtnth`j cmte`gò`dy ens t` km spmbhlhb njg nppr`prhntm t` tem usm bnsm

sbmjnrh`. Went hs d`hjd lr`c n dmjmrno ujgmrstnjghjd `l tem shjdom shdj `j cmbenjhsc,

terùde Rehkkòmte njg rmontmg tmbejò`dhms thoo tem hcpomcmjtnth`j `l went ens kmmj

prmvhùsoy hjvmsthdntmg njg gmsbrhkmg.

Wehs cmte`gò`dy nppr`nbe hs t` km nbehmvmg lòo`whjd tem mxnchjnth`j `l tem

b`cp`jmjts kmo`w tent jmmg t` km ghsbussmg hj `rgmr t` ujgmrstnjg e`w Rehkkòmtew`rfs, njnoysm njg ujgmrstnjg tem pràmbt spmbhlhbnth`js njg rmquhrmcmjts njg

temrml`rm nppoy Rehkkòmte `j tem usm bnsm hcpomcmjtnth`j. Wem ghndrnc kmo`w

hooustrntms tent cmte`gò`dy nppr`nbe hjboughjd tem stmps t` km gmnot whte t` b`cpomtm

tehs w`rf.

Lhdurm >1 Cmte`gò`dy nppr`nbe


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Dhooms [ukmjs Kngùmt| C95BGM Yràmbt| B`vmjtry ]jhvmrshty| ;9>;-;9>2 Yndm ;> `l >;=

Wem Rehkkòmte pr`t`bò njg `temr rmoyhjd tmbejò`dhms b`jsthtuthjd tem lhrst stmp `l tehs

cmte`gò`dy whoo lhrst km ghsbussmg hj tehs burrmjt benptmr. Wem Ohtmrnturm rmvhmw njg

rmontmg w`rfs, Hcpomcmjtnth`j rmquhrmcmjts, Rystmc njnoyshs njg gmshdj, Wmsthjd njg

cnjndmcmjt whoo km ghsbussmg whtehj ghllmrmjt benptmrs.

[mdnrghjd tem pr`t`bòs hjvmsthdnth`j stndm, tem lòo`whjd b`cp`jmjts nrm t` km

gmvmo`pmg1

- @vmrvhmw `l tem RR@ cmbenjhsc

- Cna`r nspmbts `l RNCO pr`t`bò njg RR@ usm bnsm

- Rehkkòmte ns nj hcpomcmjtnth`j lrncmw`rf `l RNCO

- Tmk nppohbnth`j ;74ohk.b`c/;74ohkGM

;.2 @vmrvhmw `l tem Tmk RR@ cmbenjhsc

;.2.> @vmrvhmw

Nbtunooy, n o`t `l wmk nppohbnth`js hj tem sncm systmc `r sncm `rdnjhsnth`j sthoo rmquhrms

usmrs t` rmdhstmr mvmry thcm temy wnjt t` usm nj hjghvhguno nppohbnth`j. Wem pròhlmrnth`j

`l wmk nppohbnth`js njg smrvhbms ens omg t` b`jbougm tent ht hs hcprnbthbnkom njghrrmomvnjt t` rmquhrm usmrs t` rmcmckmr smvmrno nbbùjts (usmrjncms njg pnssw`rgs)

l`r noo tem nppohbnth`js temy wnjt t` dmt nbbmss. Ht ens kmb`cm temrml`rm vmry tùde t`

cnjndm brmgmjthnos hj sube n shtunth`j `l tem mjvhr`jcmjt `l wmk nbbmss cnjndmcmjt.

Tmk shjdom shdj `j (RR@) pr`t`bòs noo`w usmrs t` cnfm usm `l n shjdom pnssw`rg njg

usmrjncm t` dmt nbbmss t` smvmrno njg ghllmrmjt nppohbnth`js `r smrvhbms.

;.2.; Tmk RR@ nrbehtmbturm

Wemrm nrm lùr cnhj nbt`rs hjtmrnbthjd hj nj RR@ cmbenjhsc1 tem usmr, tem RR@ smrvmr

`r nutemjthbnth`j smrvmr, tem RR@ ndmjt `r nutemjthbnth`j ndmjt njg tem nppohbnth`j(s).

Wem lhdurm kmo`w, hooustrntms temhr nrbehtmbturno p`shth`js.


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Dhooms [ukmjs Kngùmt| C95BGM Yràmbt| B`vmjtry ]jhvmrshty| ;9>;-;9>2 Yndm ;; `l >;=

Lhdurm ;1 Rhcpohlhmg Tmk RR@ nrbehtmbturm

Wem RR@ smrvmr hs tem bmjtrno mjthty hj tem RR@ systmc shjbm hts st`rms bmjtrnohzmg

brmgmjthnos njg mjsurms tem usmr nutemjthbnth`j, tem ohjf mstnkohsecmjt kmtwmmj tem

usmr njg `temr momcmjts njg tem usmr hgmjthty pr`pndnth`j t`wnrgs nppohbnth`js.

Wem cmbenjhsc stnrts wemj n usmr pr`vhgms hts nutemjthbnth`j pnrncmtmrs t` tem RR@

smrvmr. Wem smrvmr vmrhlhms te`sm pnrncmtmrs njg nutemjthbntms tem usmr hl tempnrncmtmrs cntbe whte njy st`rmg brmgmjthnos `r bmrthlhbntms. Temj tem usmr ens kmmj

nutemjthbntmg, tem smrvmr fmmps cnhjtnhjhjd tem usmr smssh`j ky smtthjd up nj EWWY

b``fhm hj tem usmr e`st. Wem b``fhm gntn nrm pr`tmbtmg njg nrm tem wny `l hgmjthlyhjd tem

usmr l`r njy luturm smrvmr nbbmss.

Wem usmr ndmjt hs dmjmrnooy hjtmdrntmg t` tem tnrdmtmg nppohbnth`j ns n ohkrnry `r nj

npnbem `r HHR c`guom. Wem usmr ndmjt vmrhlhms tent tem usmr hs mllmbthvmoy nutemjthbntmg

tent hs nute`rhsmg t` nbbmss nj nppohbnth`j6 `temrwhsm, tem usmr rmqumst hs rm- l`rwnrgmg

t` tem RR@ smrvmr. Hl tem usmr ens kmmj nutemjthbntmg, tem ndmjt vmrhlhms ndnhj tem gntn

sùrbm njg trnjschts temc t` tem tnrdmtmg nppohbnth`j njg b`jjmbts tem usmr t` tem

nppohbnth`j.

;.2.2 RR@ pr`t`bòs

Wehs smbth`j prmsmjts krhml gmsbrhpth`js `l s`cm cnhj pr`t`bòs tent hcpomcmjt tem

shjdom shdj `j prhjbhpom.


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- Fmrkmr`s Jmtw`rf Nutemjthbnth`j Rmrvhbm1 Wem Fmrkmr`s pr`t`bò, `wjmg ky

tem CHW (Cnssnbeusmtts Hjsthtutm `l Wmbejò`dy), pr`vhgms nj nutemjthbnth`j

smrvhbm wemrm mvmry mjthty tent bnj km n smrvmr `r n bohmjt hs n usmr t` tem

Fmrkmr`s smrvhbm njg trusts Fmrkmr`s augdmcmjt `l hts pmmrs pnrty. Fmrkmr`s

cnfms usm `l n senrmg smbrmt fmy mjbrypth`j hj wehbe n usmr pnssw`rg hs

b`jshgmrmg ohfm tem smbrmt fmy (Rnjgeu, R, R, ;997).

- RMRNCM1 Wem Rmburm Mur`pmnj Rystmc l`r Nppohbnth`js hj n Cuoth-vmjg`r

Mjvhr`jcmjt hs quhtm shchonr t` Fmrkmr`s hj tmrcs `l gmshdj, kut kmttmr hcpr`vms

tem b`jbmpt `l smbrmt fmy pr`tmbth`j njg ghstrhkuth`j (Rnjgeu, R, R, ;997).

- @pmjHG RR@1 Wehs pr`t`bò pr`vhgms n gmbmjtrnohzmg nrbehtmbturm tent mxpo`hts

mxhsthjd g`cnhj jncms smrvmr (GJR) smrvhbm hj n jmtw`rf. Wem nsshdjcmjt `l

usmrs hgmjthlhmrs hs knsmg `j temhr g`cnhj jncms. Temj n usmr trhms t` nbbmss n

senrmg rmsùrbm `r nppohbnth`js, temy pr`vhgm temhr `pmjmg HG tent ens kmmj

nsshdjmg t` temc nbb`rghjd t` temhr g`cnhj jncm. @jm `l tem c`st burrmjt

hcpomcmjtnth`j `l tem @pmjHG pr`t`bò hs Chbr`s`lt hgmjthty cnjndmcmjt

s`ltwnrm (CHCR) (Ancms, R, ;994).

- RNCO1 ]jgmr tem @rdnjhznth`j l`r Ngvnjbmcmjt `l Rtrubturmg Hjl`rcnth`j

Rtnjgnrgs (@NRHR), tem Rmburhty Rmrvhbms Wmbejhbno B`cchttmm (RRWB)gmvmo`pmg tem RNCO (Rmburm Nssmrth`j Cnrf-up Onjdundm). RNCO hs n wmk

smburhty pr`t`bò knsmg `j tem UCO (Mxtmjgmg Cnrf-up Onjdundm) nrbehtmbturm

njg hcpomcmjts cnjy smburhty cmbenjhscs whtehj wmk g`cnhjs nbr`ss tem

hjtmrjmt. @jm `l hts fmys nspmbts hs usmrs nutemjthbnth`j njg nute`rhsnth`j

terùde tmbejhqums sube ns shjdom shdj `j (Ancms, R, ;994).

Wem Rmburm Nssmrth`j Cnrf-up Onjdundm pr`t`bò hs tem `jm tent b`jsthtutms tem b`rm

pr`t`bò `l tehs rmp`rt ns `jm `l hts cna`r hcpomcmjtnth`js hs Rehkkòmte, bmjtrno p`hjt `l

tehs pràmbt. RNCO whoo km c`rm gmsbrhkmg hj nj`temr smbth`j `l tehs pnpmr.

;.2.7 RR@ nssmts

Wem hcpomcmjtnth`j `l tem RR@ pr`vhgms tem lòo`whjd ngvnjtndms t` n b`cpnjy1

- Whcm snvhjd1 N usmr bnj cnfm nkùt twmjty smb`jgs nvmrndm t` o`d `jt` nj

nppohbnth`j njg mvmj o`jdmr hl temy cnfm n chstnfm wemj typhjd nbbùjt

pnrncmtmrs njg nrm rmquhrmg t` rm-typm temc. Wem ehdemr tem juckmr `l

nppohbnth`js t` nbbmss, tem o`wmr hs tem thcm snvhjd hj tent bnsm. Ky hcpomcmjthjd


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tem shjdom shdj `j, temrm hs n rmno kmjmlht `l thcm snvhjd mvmj wemj temrm hs n

chstnfm wehom typhjd nbbmss pnrncmtmrs6 tent temrml`rm ehdeoy hjbrmnsms tem

b`cpnjy pr`gubthvhty.

-Ngchjhstrnthvm b`sts rmgubth`j1 Lmw pnssw`rgs t` cnjndm rmgubm tem

b`cpomxhty `l tem ngchjhstrnt`rs tnsf, shjbm lmwmr rmqumsts whoo km rmbmhvmg lr`c

tem usmrs nsfhjd l`r tem rmsmt `l l`rd`ttmj pnssw`rgs.

- Rmburhty mjenjbmcmjt1 Wem smburhty pòhby hs shcpomr t` cnjndm whtehj njg

nbr`ss `rdnjhsnth`js. Lurtemrc`rm, noo tem nppohbnth`js dunrnjty tem sncm omvmo

`l smburhty.

- ]smr ng`pth`j mjenjbmcmjt1 Ns usmrs g` j`t jmmg t` pr`vhgm ghllmrmjt

nbbmss brmgmjthnos l`r ghllmrmjt rmsùrbms nbbmss, usmrs kmttmr ng`pt nppohbnth`js

lòo`whjd n stnjgnrg knshs.

;.7 Cna`r nspmbts `l RNCO pr`t`bò njg RR@ usm bnsm

;.7.> Gmlhjhth`j njg `vmrvhmw

Wem Rmburhty Nssmrth`j Cnrf- up Onjdundm hs nj UCO onjdundm gmlhjms n lrncmw`rf

stnjgnrg njg l`rcnt l`r n ehde smburhty omvmo hj hjl`rcnth`j mxbenjdm whtehj wmk

nppohbnth`js `wjmg ky pnrtjmrs hj n kushjmss (@NRHR, ;995).

RNCO g`msjt nhc t` spmbhly jmw brypt`drnpey tmbejhqums `r c`gmo `l smburhty6 ht rntemr

l`busms njg gmsbrhkms stnjgnrg smburhty tmbejò`dhms hj hjgustry terùde UCO knsmg

l`rcnt syjtnx njg rmoyhjd `j tem wmk pr`t`bòs sube ns EWWY, EWWYR, RRO njg s` `j.

C`rm`vmr, n kushjmss ndrmmcmjt gmlhjhjd tem tmrcs `l n pnrtjmrsehp cust km cngm

nc`jd thmrs t` smt up n trustmg mjvhr`jcmjt kml`rm njg wemrm RNCO whoo km nppohmg

shjbm RNCO htsmol g`ms j`t nut`cnthbnooy gmlhjm n gntn l`rcnt l`r snlm hjl`rcnth`j

mxbenjdm njg nute`rhsnth`j pòhby, kut ht hs tem smburhty systmcs hj benrdm `l

nutemjthbnth`j, hgmjthlhbnth`j njg nute`rhsnth`j tent seùog gmlhjm pòhbhms njg l`rcnts

whtehj `rdnjhsnth`js hj pnrtjmrsehp. R`, n rmno gmtnhomg gmlhjhth`j `l RNCO cust km knsmg

`j usm bnsms mvmj teùde temrm hs n knshb njg b`cc`j usm bnsm tent hooustrntms n usmr

dmtthjd nbbmss t` pr`tmbtmg rmsùrbms (Jmtmdrhty, Hjb, ;99>).

Wehs smbth`j pr`vhgms tmbejhbno gmtnhos `l RNCO, l`bushjd c`rm `j hts ontmst vmrsh`j

RNCO ;.9, fmy nspmbt t` ujgmrstnjghjd Rehkkòmte (wehbe hs `jm `l hts hcpomcmjtnth`j)

hj tem jmxt smbth`j.


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Dhooms [ukmjs Kngùmt| C95BGM Yràmbt| B`vmjtry ]jhvmrshty| ;9>;-;9>2 Yndm ;= `l >;=

;.7.; RNCO knshb usm bnsm

Ns stntmg nk`vm, RNCO uthohznth`j vnrhms nbb`rghjd t` usms bnsms njg b`cpnjhms nrm

lrmm t` gmlhjm temhr `wj usm bnsms knsmg `j temhr jmmgs. E`wmvmr, tem c`st b`cc`j

usm bnsm prmsmjts usmrs nttmcpthjd t` nbbmss pr`tmbtmg nppohbnth`js njg smrvhbms ns

se`wj `j tem lhdurm 2 kmo`w.

Nutemjthbnth`j RNCO Nutehrhsnth`j

Lhdurm 21 RNCO Knshb usm bnsm

Ht hs supp`smg tent nj mjg usmr terùde temhr typhbno wmk kr`wsmr wnjts t` nbbmss n

pr`tmbtmg rmsùrbm tent hs nj `johjm nppohbnth`j.

n) Wem mjg usmr sukchts hts brmgmjthnos (tent bnj km usmrjncm njg pnssw`rg) t`

tem Nutemjthbnth`j Nute`rhty (njy smburhty `r nutemjthbnth`j nppohbnth`j supp`rthjd

RNCO).

k) Wem Nutemjthbnth`j Nute`rhty b`jlhrcs usmrs nbbmss pnrncmtmrs knsmg `j

temhr ghrmbt`ry njg pr`gubms nj Nutemjthbnth`j Nssmrth`j no`jdshgm whte `jm `r

cnjy Nttrhkutm Nssmrth`js tent bnj km njy `temr hjl`rcnth`j nkùt tem usmr pr`lhom

sube ns temhr lujbth`j, temhr luoo jncm `r temhr mcnho nggrmss. Wem usmr bnj j`w

km nutemjthbntmg njg hgmjthlhmg ky RNCO nssmrth`js hj n t`fmj.

b) Wem usmr trhms t` dmt nbbmss t` tem rmsùrbm ushjd tem RNCO t`fmj.

g) Wem Yòhby Mjl`rbmcmjt (YMY) ghrmbtoy hjtmrbmpts tem usmr rmqumst t` tem

rmsùrbm njg l`rwnrgs tem usmr RNCO t`fmj, nj Nutemjthbnth`j Nssmrth`j t` tem

Mjg-]smr

Brmgmjthnos

Nutemjthbnth`j

Nute`rhty

Nttrhkutm

Nssmrth`j

Nutemjthbnth`j

Nssmrth`j

Nttrhkutm

Nssmrth`j

Nttrhkutm Nute`rhty

(Yòhby Gmbhsh`j

Y`hjt)

Yòhby

Mjl`rbmcmjt Y`hjt

Yr`tmbtmg rmsùrbmRNCO

W`fmj

n

k

b

g

m


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Dhooms [ukmjs Kngùmt| C95BGM Yràmbt| B`vmjtry ]jhvmrshty| ;9>;-;9>2 Yndm ;< `l >;=

Nttrhkutm Nute`rhty (Nos` njy smburhty nppohbnth`j mjdhjm supp`rthjd RNCO `r

RNCO-nwnrm).

m) Nbb`rghjd t` hts pòhbhms tem Nttrhkutm Nute`rhty nos` bnoomg Yòhby Gmbhsh`j

Y`hjt j`w gmbhgms wmtemr tem usmr bnj nbbmss tem rmsùrbm `r j`t. Hl tem gmbhsh`j

hs p`shthvm, nj Nttrhkutm Nssmrth`j hs dmjmrntmg njg kùjg t` tem usmr t`fmj.

Lhjnooy, tent RNCO t`fmj bnj km pr`vhgmg t` trustmg pnrtjmrs nggemrhjd nj RR@

rmonth`jsehp (Jmtmdrhty, Hjb, ;99>).

;.7.2 RNCO `temr usm bnsm sbmjnrh`s

@temr RNCO usm bnsms bnj hjbougm nc`jd `temrs tem lòo`whjd sbmjnrh`1

- Rmssh`jhjd, wemrm n smssh`j hs cnhjtnhjmg wehom njg ns tem mjg usmr hs

jnvhdnthjd nbr`ss tem wmk nppohbnth`js njg wmk shtms tent nrm whtehj tem RR@

bhrbom. Hj tent bnsm, tem sùrbm wmk shtm gmnos whte c`st `l smburhty pr`bmssms, ht

j`tnkoy nbts ns nj nutemjthbnth`j nute`rhty, n smssh`j nute`rhty, nj nttrhkutm

nute`rhty njg n brmgmjthnos bòombt`r. Gmsthjnth`j wmkshtms nbt ns Yòhby

Mjl`rbmcmjt Y`hjt (YMY) njg Yòhby Gmbhsh`j Y`hjt (YGY) (Jmtmdrhty, Hjb, ;99>).

- Nute`rhznth`j Rmrvhbm1 Emrm, tem rmsùrbm pr`tmbt`r njg b`jtròomr hj tmrcs `l

smburhty hs tem YMY, tent vmrhlhms tem usmr nute`rhsnth`j wemj tem usmr nttmcpts t`nbbmss n rmsùrbm vhn n YGY (tent nbts ns tem nute`rhsnth`j smrvhbm pr`vhgmr t`

tem YMY). Hj tehs bnsm, tem smburhty smrvhbm hs b`jshgmrmg ns nj nutemjthbnth`j

nute`rhty, nj nttrhkutm nute`rhty, n brmgmjthnos bòombt`r njg YGY. Wem knbfmjg

nppohbnth`j b`jshgmrmg ns n YMG (Jmtmdrhty, Hjb, ;99>).

- Kushjmss-W`-Kushjmss Wrnjsnbth`j1 Thtehj tehs sbmjnrh`, kushjmss pnrtjmrs

nrm hjvòvmg hj trnjsnbth`js knsmg UCO g`bucmjts. Mnbe pnrtjmr hs

nutemjthbntmg ndnhjts hts `wj smburhty systmc `r noo tem pnrtjmrs bnj ndrmm t` usm

tem smburhty smrvhbms `l n tehrg pnrty mjdhjm wehbe rmduontms tem smburhty hj noo

trnjsnbth`js (Jmtmdrhty, Hjb, ;99>).

;.7.7 RNCO nrbehtmbturm

Wehs smbth`j gmsbrhkms tem strubturm njg tem cnhj b`cp`jmjts b`jsthtuthjd tem RNCO

pr`t`bò njg tent b`jtrhkutm t` tem mstnkohsecmjt, tem cnhjtnhjhjd njg tem rmomnsm `l

smburmg hjl`rcnth`j mxbenjdm whtehj trustmg `rdnjhsnth`js. We`sm b`cp`jmjts typhbnooy

noo`w tem mxbenjdm `l nutemjthbnth`j, nute`rhsnth`j, nttrhkutms, mtb nbr`ss senrmg

rmsùrbms (@NRHR, ;995).


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;.7.7.> RNCO strubturm

RNCO gntn njg nssmrth`js nrm mjb`gmg hj tem l`rc `l UCO sbemcn hjboughjd knshb

hjl`rcnth`j tent gmlhjms njg spmbhlhms nj hgmjthlhmr usmg l`r tem nssmrth`j gntm, thcm njg

jncm `l tem hssunjbm njg tem thcm so`t `r hjtmrvno l`r wehbe temrm hs n vnohgnth`j `l tem

nssmrth`j. Wem sukchssh`j `l RNCO nssmrth`j t` nute`rhsnth`j njg nutemjthbnth`j

gmbhsh`j p`hjts hs g`jm vhn n rmqumst njg rmsp`jsm pr`t`bòs mxbenjdm hj tem rmspmbt `l

tem lòo`whjd l`rcnt1 RNCOûmry njg RNCOûmry[msp`jsm. Wem lhdurm 7 kmo`w se`ws

tem knshb strubturm `l RNCO (Jmtmdrhty, Hjb, ;99>).

Lhdurm 71 RNCO strubturm

Ww` `temr hcp`rtnjt b`jbmpts hj RNCO gmpo`ycmjt1

- Cmtngntn noo`w RNCO pnrthms t` b`ccujhbntm njg senrmg hjl`rcnth`j.

Ynrthms rmb`djhzm mnbe `temr terùde cmtngntn. L`r mxncpom n Rmrvhbm Yr`vhgmr

(RY) fj`ws tem pr`lhom `l nj Hgmjthty Yr`vhgmr (HgY) terùde hts cmtngntn njg vhbmvmrsn. Wem RNCO cmtngntn hs `ltmj spmbhlhmg njg gmlhjmg ky hts pr`pmr UCO

l`rcnt b`jtmjt.

- N RNCO nutemjthbnth`j b`jtmxt hs usmg t` bnrry hjl`rcnth`j hj rmdnrg t` tem

nutemjthbnth`j strmjdte tent n usmr mxpo`htmg wemj nutemjthbnthjd ndnhjst njg

Hgmjthty Yr`vhgmr.

;.7.7.; RNCO b`cp`jmjts

Wehs pnrt pr`vhgms c`rm gmtnhos hj tem b`cp`jmjts tent prmsmjt lurtemr hjl`rcnth`j hj tem

RNCO strubturm njg mjvhr`jcmjt.

Yr`lhoms (b`ckhjhjd pr`t`bòs, Nssmrth`js njg Khjghjds)

Khjghjds (E`w Nssmrth`js nrm b`ccujhbntmg `vmr

hjgustry-stnjgnrg trnjsp`rt njg cmssndhjd lrncmw`rfs)

Yr`t`bòs ([mqumsts / [msp`jsms pnhr l`r

pr`bmsshjd nssmrth`js)

Nssmrth`js (Nutemjthbnth`j & Nute`rhznth`j

(Nttrhkutm) hjl`rcnth`j)


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- Nssmrth`js1 N RNCO nssmrth`j emops pnrthms t` usm stntmcmjts t` b`jlhrc

smburhty hjl`rcnth`j b`jbmrjhjd sukambts. L`r mxncpom, nj nssmrth`j hj RNCO bnj

stntm tent n sukambt hs jncmg D[ Kngùmt, ehs HG hs 2879274, ehs mcnho nggrmss

hs kngùmtdIujh.b`vmjtry.nb.uf njg em hs n stugmjt hj tem gmpnrtcmjt `l

B`cputhjd nt B`vmjtry ]jhvmrshty. Wemrml`rm, tem fmy momcmjts hj nj nssmrth`j

nrm tem sukambt njg tem stntmcmjt b`jtmjt. C`rm`vmr, temrm termm typms `l

stntmcmjts gmlhjmg ky RNCO njg tent bnj km b`jgubtmg whtehj nj nssmrth`j1 Nj

nutemjthbnth`j stntmcmjt (dmjmrntmg ky n pnrty nutemjthbntmg n usmr subbmssluooy,

ht gmsbrhkms tem wny usmg t` nutemjthbntm n usmr prbhshjd tem thcm nt wehbe tem

nutemjthbnth`j ens kmmj g`jm)6 nj nttrhkutm stntmcmjt ( b`jtnhjhjd spmbhlhb

nttrhkutms rmontmg t` tem sukambt, l`r hjstnjbm, tem usmr D[ Kngùmt ens n stugmjt

stntus) njg nj nute`rhsnth`j gmbhsh`j stntus (spmbhlyhjd went n sukambt gmlhjmg t`

g`, l`r hjstnjbm wemtemr D[ Kngùmt hs noo`wmg t` nbbmss tem `johjm ohkrnry

rmsùrbm) (@NRHR, ;995).

- Yr`t`bòs1 Wemy nrm usmg hj RNCO t` gmlhjm rmqumsts njg rmsp`jsms

nbth`js. We`sm pr`t`bòs hjbougm1 Rhjdom Rhdj @j, Rhjdom O`dùt pr`t`bò

(spmbhlhms tem cmbenjhsc `l shcuotnjmùs o`dùt l`r `pmj smssh`js, ht bnj kmhjhthntmg ky njy pnrthms rmontmg t` tem nbthvm smssh`j sube ns nj HgY, N RY, `r

mvmj n usmr)6 Nssmrth`j ûmry njg [mqumst Yr`t`bò ( Rpmbhlhms n bòombth`j l

qumrhms terùde wehbe RNCO nssmrth`js bnj km d`ttmj)6 Nrthlnbt [msòuth`j

Yr`t`bò (Gmlhjms n cmbenjhsc terùde wehbe RNCO cmssndms chdet km pnssmg

ushjd n vnoum bnoomg nrtmlnbt, nj nrtmlnbt bnj km pnssmg t` n cmssndm vhn nj

RNCO khjghjd sube ns nj EWWY [mghrmbt)6 Nutemjthbnth`j [mqumst Yr`t`bò

(Yr`vhgms n cmnjs terùde wehbe n sukambt cny rmqumst nssmrth`js b`cprhshjd

nutemjthbnth`j njg nttrhkutm stntmcmjts)6 Jncm Hgmjthlhmr Cnjndmcmjt Yr`t`bò

(Gmlhjms ruoms t` benjdm tem vnoum `l hgmjthlhmrs jncm l`rcnt, tem rmqumst hjhthnt`r

bnj km mhtemr tem hgmjthty pr`vhgmr `r tem smrvhbm pr`vhgmr) njg Jncm Hgmjthlhmr

Cnpphjd Yr`t`bò tent gmlhjms cmbenjhscs t` cnp pr`drnccnthbnooy `jm RNCO

jncm hgmjthlhmr t` nj`temr (@NRHR, ;995).

- Khjghjds1 Hj RNCO, khjghjds nrm tem momcmjts tent gmlhjm njg gmsbrhkm tem

wnys RNCO pr`t`bò cmssndms nrm bnrrhmg `vmr trnjsp`rts pr`t`bòs. RNCO ;.9

gmlhjms tem lòo`whjd knjghjds1 EWWY [mghrmbt Khjghjd ( Rpmbhlyhjd tem wny


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RNCO cmssndm pr`t`bòs nrm bnrrhmg terùde EWWY rmghrmbt cmssndms)6 EWWY

Y@RW Khjghjd (Yr`vhgms e`w RNCO pr`t`bò cmssndms nrm bnrrhmg hjshgm n

b`jtmjt `l knsm .>6 [mvmrsm R@NY (YN@R) Khjghjd

(Rpmbhlhms n cmssndm mxbenjdm noo`whjd nj EWWY bohmjt t` kmb`cm n R@NY

rmsp`jgmr njg RNCO ][H Khjghjd spmbhlyhjd e`w t` rmtrhmvm nj mxhsthjd

nssmrth`j vhn tem rmsòvhjd `l n ujhl`rc rmsùrbm hgmjthlhmr (@NRHR, ;995).

- Yr`lhoms1 Wemy gmtmrchjm e`w pr`t`bòs, nssmrth`js njg khjghjds nrm

nss`bhntmg t` yhmog c`rm ngvnjbmg hjtmr`pmrnkhohty hj spmbhlhb usm bnsm sbmjnrh`s.

RNCO pr`lhoms pr`vhgmg ky RNCO ;.9 hjbougm1 Mjenjbmg Bohmjt njg Yr`xy (MBY)

Yr`lhom (N spmbhlhb shjdom shdj `j pr`lhom hj wehbe spmbhlhb bohmjts `r pr`xhms cny

usm R@NY njg tem YN@R khjghjds)6 Tmk Kr`wsmr RR@ Yr`lhom (Rpmbhlhms e`w

mjththms hj RNCO cnfm usm `l tem nutemjthbnth`j rmqumst pr`t`bò, RNCO

cmssndms njg nssmrth`js t` b`cpomtm RR@ terùde typhbno wmk kr`wsmrs)6Hgmjthty Yr`vhgmr Ghsb`vmry Yr`lhom ( Rpmbhlhms tmbejhqums l`r RY t` fj`w nkùt

HGY tent envm kmmj prmvhùsoy vhshtmg ky n usmr)6 Nssmrth`j ûmry/[mqumst

Yr`lhom (E`w mjththms hj RNCO cnfm usm `l RNCO qumrhms njg rmqumst pr`t`bòs

t` dmt nssmrth`js terùde n syjber`jùs khjghjd ohfm R@NY)6 Rhjdom O`dùt

Yr`lhom ( Rpmbhlhms e`w tem Rhjdom o`dùt pr`t`bò hs usmg whte pr`t`bòs sube ns

EWWY Y@RW, EWWY [mghrmbt, R@NY njg EWWY Nrthlnbt khjghjds)6 Nrthlnbt

[msòuth`j Yr lhom ( E`w mjththms bnj cnfm usm `l tem Nrthlnbt [msòuth`j

Yr`t`bò terùde n syjber`jùs khjghjd t` dmt n pr`t`bò cmssndm vhn nj

nrtmlnbt)6 Jncm Hgmjthlhmr Cnpphjd Yr`lhom (Rpmbhlhms tem cmnjs `l wehbe n Jncm

Hgmjthlhmr Cnpphjd Yr`t`bò uthohzms syjber`jùs khjghjds ohfm R@NY6 njg Jncm

Hgmjthlhmr Cnjndmcmjt Yr`lhom spmbhlyhjd e`w n Jncm Hgmjthlhmr Cnjndmcmjt

Yr`t`bò bnj km uthohzmg whte EWWY [mghrmbt, R@NY, EWWY Nrthlnbt khjghjds njg

EWWY Y@RW (@NRHR, ;995).

;.7.= RNCO B`cp`jmjts strubturms

- Rukambt, Nssmrth`j njg Rtntmcmjt Rtrubturm


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Wem lhdurm = kmo`w se`ws tem dmjmrno strubturm `l nj nssmrth`j, n sukambt njg n

stntmcmjt strubturm whtehj n RNCO/UCO lhom lrndcmjt.

>1 ?snco1Nssmrth`j xcojs1snco3urj1`nshs1jncms1tb1RNCO1;.91nssmrth`j

;1 \mrsh`j3";.9"

21 HssumHjstnjt3";9>2-92W>;199199Q":

71 ?snco1Hssumr L`rcnt3urj1`nshs1jncms1RNCO1;.91jncmhg-l`rcnt1mjthty:

=1 ettp1//hgp.mxncpom.`rd

91 kng`umtdImxncpom.b`c

>>1 ?/snco1JncmHG:

>;1 ?/snco1Rukambt:

>21 ?snco1B`jghth`js

>71 J`tKml`rm3";9>2-92W>;199199Q"

>=1 J`t@j@rNltmr3";9>2-92W>;1>9199Q":

>41 ?snco1NutejRtntmcmjt

>51 NutejHjstnjt3";9>2-92W>;199199Q" Rmssh`jHjgmx3"


32/183


Dhooms [ukmjs Kngùmt| C95BGM Yràmbt| B`vmjtry ]jhvmrshty| ;9>;-;9>2 Yndm 2> `l >;=

>1 ?snco1NttrhkutmRtntmcmjt:

;1 ?snco1Nttrhkutm

21 xcojs1x=993"urj1`nshs1jncms1tb1RNCO1;.91pr`lhoms1nttrhkutm1U=99"

71 JncmL`rcnt3"urj1`nshs1jncms1tb1RNCO1;.91nttrjncm-l`rcnt1urh"

=1 Jncm3"urj1`hg1;.=.7.7;"

91 ?snco1Nttrhkutm

>>1 JncmL`rcnt3"urj1`nshs1jncms1tb1RNCO1;.91nttrjncm-l`rcnt1knshb"

>;1 Jncm3"OnstJncm":

>21 ?snco1Nttrhkutm\noum>71 xsh1typm3"xs1strhjd":G`m?/snco1Nttrhkutm\noum:

>=1 ?/snco1Nttrhkutm:

>41 JncmL`rcnt3ettp1//schteb`.b`c/nttr-l`rcnts

>51 Jncm3BrmghtOhcht:

>81 xcojs1schteb`3ettp1//www.schteb`.b`c/schteb`-sbemcn.xsg

;91 ?snco1Nttrhkutm\noum xsh1typm3schteb`1typm:

;>1 ?schteb`1ncùjt burrmjby3]RG:=99.99?/schteb`1ncùjt:

;;1 ?/snco1Nttrhkutm\noum:

;21 ?/snco1Nttrhkutm:

;71 ?/snco1NttrhkutmRtntmcmjt:

Lhdurm


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Dhooms [ukmjs Kngùmt| C95BGM Yràmbt| B`vmjtry ]jhvmrshty| ;9>;-;9>2 Yndm 2; `l >;=

nrm gmlhjmg njg whtehj mnbe khjghjd hj RNCO. R`cm rmb`ccmjgnth`js hj rmdnrg t` tem

smburhty nspmbt njg ruoms nrm ns lòo`w (Lmjdchjd, J, Lmjd, U, njg [`jdzeh ^ (;9>;).

-W` mjsurm tem hjtmdrhty njg tem b`jlhgmjthnohty `l mxbenjdmg cmssndms, EWWY

`vmr RRO 2/ WRO>.9 nos` fj`wj ns EWWYR pr`t`bò seùog km nppohmg. Wem sncm

pr`t`bò seùog hs rmb`ccmjgmg wemj n rmoyhjd pnrty jmmgs nj nssmrth`j lr`c

nj nssmrth`j pnrty, whte tem nppohbnth`j `l cutuno nutemjthbnth`j njg terùde

ghdhtno shdjnturms (Lmjdchjd, J, Lmjd, U, njg [`jdzeh ^ (;9>;).

- Temj gmohvmrhjd n rmsp`jsm cmssndm b`cprhshjd nj nssmrth`j t` n rmoyhjd

pnrty terùde n stnjgnrg wmk kr`wsmr, ht hs b`cpuos`ry tent tem cmssndm km

ghdhtnooy shdjmg uthohzhjd nj UCO shdjnturm (Lmjdchjd, J, Lmjd, U, njg [`jdzeh ^

;9>;).

Yrhvnby

Knshbnooy, prhvnby rmlmrs t` usmrs bnpnkhohty t` b`jtrò tem wny temhr gntn njg hjl`rcnth`j

nrm usmg njg senrmg whtehj pnrtjmrs hj rmonth`jsehp. Wem RNCO pr`t`bò hs dmjmrnooy

hcpomcmjtmg hj rmspmbt t` sube rmquhrmcmjts wentmvmr tem sbmjnrh`. RNCO b`jshsts `l

n smt `l cmbenjhscs supp`rthjd hcpomcmjtnth`js whte tem rmspmbt `l prhvnby

spmbhlhbnth`js njg rmquhrmcmjts (@NRHR, ;995).- RNCO hs gmshdjmg t` supp`rt tem nppohbnth`j `l psmug`jycs smt up kmtwmmj

n smrvhbm pr`vhgmr njg nj hgmjthty pr`vhgmr. Ysmug`jycs mjsurm tent `joy

nppr`prhntm b`rrmonth`js kmtwmmj n smrvhbm pr`vhgmr njg nj hgmjthty pr`vhgmr nrm

mjnkomg (@NRHR, ;995).

- RNCO hs gmshdjmg t` supp`rt `jm thcm hgmjthlhmrs, te`sm hgmjthlhmrs dunrnjtmm

wentmvmr tem thcm n dhvmj usmr dmt nbbmss t` n dhvmj smrvhbm pr`vhgmr vhn n shjdom

shdj `j cmbenjhsc lr`c nj hgmjthty pr`vhgmr, tent smrvhbm pr`vhgmr chdet j`t km

bnpnkom t` hgmjthly temc ns tem sncm usmr tent ens vhshtmg ht kml`rm (@NRHR,

;995).

- Wem nutemjthbnth`j B`jtmxt cmbenjhscs hj RNCO nrm gmlhjmg t` pmrcht n

usmr t` dmt nutemjthbntmg nt nj nppr`prhntm nssurnjbm omvmo.

- RNCO pmrchts n usmr t` bonhc s`cm `pmrnth`js t` cnfm surm tent noo tem

`pmrnth`js rmontmg t` temhr pr`lhom gntn njg hjl`rcnth`j cntbe tem sb`pm `l tem

usmr rhdet njg pòhby (@NRHR, ;995).


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;.7.4 RNCO kmjmlhts

RNCO pr`vhgms cnjy gmtnhomg kmjmlhts6 s`cm `l tem c`st hcp`rtnjt `l temc nrm ohstmg n

kmo`w1

- @pmj sòuth`j1 RNCO ens kmmj gmlhjmg t` w`rf pr`pmroy whte n vnrhmty `l

wmk pr`t`bòs sube ns EWWY, EWWYR, LWY, RCWY, R@NY njg c`rm. Hj ngghth`j

RNCO nos` supp`rt cnjy UCO lrncmw`rfs.

- Rhjdom Rhdj @j Nbr`ss Rhtms1 RNCO noo`ws usmrs t` jnvhdntm nbr`ss

ghllmrmjt wmkshtms, wmk nppohbnth`js njg wmk smrvhbms whtehj b`cpnjhms hj n

trustmg rmonth`jsehp whte tem dunrnjty `l nj ngvnjbmg smburhty njg prhvnby omvmo.

Wem ngvnjtndm `l nbbmsshjd senrmg rmsùrbms hjshgm n pnrtjmrsehp whteùt n

jmmg t` pr`vhgm mvmry thcm brmgmjthnos `r `temr nbbmss pnrncmtmrs hs n rmno

nssmt.

- Hjtmr`pmrnkhohty1 RNCO noo`ws noo typms `l m-kushjmssms njg smrvhbm

pr`vhgmrs wentmvmr temhr shzms t` snlmoy mxbenjdm gntn njg hjl`rcnth`j nkùt

rmsùrbms njg usmrs6 noo whteùt tem jmmg t` rmquhrm b`cpnjhms t` rmc`vm temhr

mxhsthjd smburhty sòuth`j.

- Rtnjgnrghznth`j1 Wem gmvmo`pcmjt `l RNCO whte tem cuothtugm `l hts

lmnturms noo`ws hjgustry t` usm n b`cc`j njg stnjgnrg lrncmw`rf t` pr`vhgmnutemjthbnth`j, nute`rhsnth`j njg hgmjthlhbnth`j whtehj pòhbhms knsmg smburhty

pontl`rcs.

Wem jmxt smbth`j b`jbmrjs Rehkkòmte, `jm `l tem pr`t`bòs `r lrncmw`rfs tent

hcpomcmjt tem RNCO pr`t`bò. Wehs pr`vhgms lurtemr ujgmrstnjghjd `j e`w RNCO rmnooy

w`rfs. Ht whoo km bomnrmr t` lhdurm ùt e`w RNCO b`cp`jmjts sube ns RY (Rmrvhbm

Yr`vhgmr) njg HgY (Hgmjthty Yr`vhgmr) b`ccujhbntm t`dmtemr vhn tem `l RNCO/UCO

l`rcnt.

;.= Rehkkòmte ns nj hcpomcmjtnth`j lrncmw`rf `l RNCO

Wehs smbth`j 2 prmsmjtmg nj `vmrvhmw `l tem shjdom shdj `j (RR@) cmbenjhsc ky

pr`vhghjd njg gmsbrhkhjd hts dmjmrno strubturm. Rthoo hj tem sncm smbth`j, s`cm pr`t`bòs

nkom t` hcpomcmjt tem RR@ `pmrnth`j envm nos` kmmj prmsmjtmg ky l`bushjd `j `jm `l

tem cna`rs pr`t`bòs wehbe hs RNCO. Ns RNCO hs tem pr`t`bò l`r wehbe temrm hs c`rm

hjtmrmst hj tehs pràmbt, tem smbth`j 2.; pr`vhgmg lurtemr gmtnhos hj tem gmsbrhpth`j `l tem

b`rm strubturm njg cnhj b`cp`jmjts `l RNCO. Wehs smbth`j (2.2) whoo j`w rnhsm n


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lrncmw`rf tent hcpomcmjt tem RNCO pr`t`bò nt n bmrtnhj omvmo, wehbe hs tem sukambt `l

tehs pràmbt. R`cm b`jbmpts normngy b`vmrmg hj tem prmvhùs smbth`j bùog km

`vmrwemocmg hj tehs smbth`j kmbnusm Rehkkòmte hs noc`st noo nkùt RNCO. R`

Rehkkòmte whoo km gmsbrhkmg whtehj tem jmxt smbth`js, hooustrnthjd e`w hts hcpomcmjts

RNCO `vmr wmk smrvmrs. Wehs ber`jò`dhbno njnoyshs emops t` mnshoy ujgmrstnjg tem

pràmbt pr`drmss.

;.=.> Rehkkòmte nrbehtmbturm njg b`cp`jmjts

Wem cna`r b`cp`jmjts `l Rehkkòmte nrbehtmbturm b`jshst `l tem Hgmjthty Yr`vhgmr (HgY),

tem Rmrvhbm Yr`vhgmr (RY) njg tem Ghsb`vmry Rmrvhbm (GR) (usmg t` km bnoomg TNXL,

Temrm Nrm Xù Lr`c). Hj ngghth`j t` temsm b`cp`jmjts, tw` `temr nbt`rs pmrl`rc hj tem

wmk RR@ systmc j`tnkoy, tem wmk kr`wsmr njg tem rmsùrbm. Noo te`sm momcmjts

hjtmrnbt whte mnbe `temr hj `rgmr t` pr`vhgm usmrs hgmjthlhbnth`js, nutemjthbnth`js njg

nute`rhsnth`j hj n smburmg cnjjmr.

;.=.>.> Hgmjthty Yr`vhgmr

Wem Rehkkòmte HgY hs tem b`cp`jmjt nt tem emnrt `l smburhty pr`bmgurms6 hts cnhj

lujbth`j hs t` nutemjthbntm tem usmr terùde nj mxhsthjd nutemjthbnth`j systmc sube ns

OGNY njg mjsurm tem shjdom shdj `j smrvhbm hj tem rmspmbt `l RNCO pr`t`bòs njg

nssmrth`js spmbhlhbnth`js. Wem HgY b`jshsts `l lhvm b`cp`jmjts jncmoy tem

Nutemjthbnth`j Nute`rhty, Hjtmr-shtm Wrnjslmr Rmrvhbm, tem Nrthlnbt [msòuth`j Rmrvhbm,

Rhjdom Rhdj-`j Rmrvhbm njg tem Nttrhkutm Nute`rhty (Bnjt`r, R, ;99=). Wem lhdurm 4 kmo`w

succnrhzms tem HgY strubturm njg tem b`ccujhbnth`j kmtwmmj nc`jdst b`cp`jmjts.

Lhdurm 41 HgY b`cp`jmjts strubturm

Nrthlnbt[msòuth`jRmrvhbm

NttrhkutmNute`rhty

Nutemjthbnth`jNute`rhty

Hjtmr-shtmWrnjslmrRmrvhbm

Rhjdom Rhdj-`jRmrvhbm


36/183


Dhooms [ukmjs Kngùmt| C95BGM Yràmbt| B`vmjtry ]jhvmrshty| ;9>;-;9>2 Yndm 2= `l >;=

Wem Nutemjthbnth`j Nute`rhty b`jshsts `l n RNCO knsmg- smrvhbm tent hjhthntms

nutemjthbnth`j nssmrth`js b`jbmrjhjd rmonyhjd pnrthms sube ns tem Rehkkòmte Rmrvhbm

Yr`vhgmr. Rehkkòmte htsmol g`ms j`t gmtmrchjm tem wny tem nutemjthbnth`j `l mjththms ens

t` km pmrl`rcmg. Wem shjdom shdj `j smrvhbm hs tem b`jtnbt stnrthjd p`hjt nt tem omvmo `l

tem HgY6 nt tehs omvmo, ht hjhthntms tem pr`bmss `l nutemjthbnth`j njg rmghrmbts tem usmr

t`wnrgs tem Hjtmr-shtm Wrnjslmr Rmrvhbm, tent hs benrdmg t` pr`vhgm EWWY rmsp`jsms hj

nbb`rgnjbm whte Nrthlnbt pr`lhoms/wmk kr`wsmr njg Kr`wsmr/Y@RW. Wem Hjtmr-shtm

Wrnjslmr Rmrvhbm wehbe hs nj EWWY smrvhbm hjtmr`pmrntms whte tem Nutemjthbnth`j

Nute`rhty t` pr`vhgm tem nutemjthbnth`j nssmrth`j rmquhrmg (Rhgnwh, C,T, ;994).

Ht hs nssucmg tent tem Kr`wsmr/Nrthlnbt pròm hs usmg, temj tem HgY pr`vhgms nj nrtmlnbt

t` tem smrvhbm pr`vhgmr6 tem RY temj l`rwnrgs tem nrtmlnbt t` tem Nrthlnbt [msòuth`j

Rmrvhbm wehbe hs n RNCO pr`t`bò tent whoo emop tem HgY t` pr`vhgm tem nutemjthbnth`j

nssmrth`j t` tem smrvhbm pr`vhgmr. Nltmrwnrgs, tem Nttrhkutm Nute`rhty dmjmrntms nttrhkutms

rmqumsts njg nttrhkutms nssmrth`js t` hgmjthly njg nutemjthbntm njy rmqumst ht cny

rmbmhvm (Rhgnwh, C,T, ;994).

;.=.>.; Rmrvhbm Yr`vhgmr

N smrvhbm pr`vhgmr hs nj nppohbnth`j mjthty pr`vhghjd n wmk smrvhbm `r njy typm `l wmk

rmsùrbm tent seùog km hj prhjbhpom sukambt t` nj nute`rhsnth`j lòo`whjd n smburhty

b`jbmpt pr`vhgmg ky RNCO spmbhlhbnth`js. Rukambt t` nj nute`rhsnth`j cmnjs kml`rm

ushjd n rmsùrbm grhvmj ky tem smrvhbm pr`vhgmr, n usmr seùog envm kml`rmenjg vnohg

nutemjthbnth`j pnrncmtmrs (Bnjt`r, R, ;99=).

N smrvhbm pr`vhgmr seùog nownys envm n ujhqum hgmjthlhmr bnoomg mjthtyHG `r pr`vhgmrHG

(hj òg Rehkkòmte spmbhlhbnth`js njg pr`gubts) tent seùog km n ][H (]jhl`rc [msùrbm

Hjghbnt`r) V[LB ;289;7 benrnbtmrs. Wem usm `l EWWYR ][O

(]jhl`rc [msùrbm O`bnt`r) cny km c`rm rmb`ccmjgmg hj tem pukohbnth`j `l cmtngntn

(Bnjt`r, R, ;99=). N Rehkkòmte RY b`jshsts `l tem lòo`whjd momcmjts1

- Nssmrth`j B`jsucmr Rmrvhbm1 Cnjndmg ky tem RY, tem nssmrth`j b`jsucmr

smrvhbm hs nj EWWY rmsùrbm njg tem RY mjgp`hjt `l tem RR@ pr`bmss envhjd tem

lujbth`j `l pr`bmsshjd tem EWWY DMW rmqumsts `r Kr`wsmr/Y@RW pr`lhom

sukchssh`js nhchjd t` smt up jmw smburhty b`jtmxt l`r nj mjthty. Rupp`shjd tent


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Dhooms [ukmjs Kngùmt| C95BGM Yràmbt| B`vmjtry ]jhvmrshty| ;9>;-;9>2 Yndm 2< `l >;=

tehs hs subbmssluo, tem nssmrth`j b`jsucmr smrvhbm seùog p`sshkoy rm-`rhmjtntm

tem usmrs ndmjt t` n tnrdmtmg rmsùrbm e`stmg ky tem RY (Bnjt`r, R, ;99=).

- Nttrhkutm [mqumstmr1 Mvmjtunooy hcpomcmjts n knbf benjjmo nttrhkutm mxbenjdm

wemj tem smburhty b`jtmxt ens kmmj smt up nt tem smrvhbm pr`vhgmr p`hjt (Bnjt`r,

R, ;99=).

- Hj ngghth`j hs tem tnrdmt rmsùrbm wehbe hs tem nppohbnth`j `r tem smrvhbm n usmr

wnjts t` nbbmss.

;.=.>.2 Ghsb`vmry Rmrvhbm /TNXL

L`rcmroy bnoomg TNXL (Temrm nrm yù lr`c), tem ghsb`vmry smrvhbm (GR) hs n vmry

hcp`rtnjt b`cp`jmjt njg lujbth`j hj Rehkkòmte wemj ht b`cms t` gmno whte n usm bnsmsbmjnrh` wemrm temrm nrm c`rm tenj `jm hgmjthty pr`vhgmr. Hj tent bnsm, tem GR emops tem

RY t` hgmjthly t` wehbe HgY ht seùog smjg nutemjthbnth`j rmqumst. R`cmthcms n ujhqum

usmr bnj kmo`jd t` smvmrno RY njg smvmrno HgY.

;.=.>.7 Tmk kr`wsmr njg tnrdmt rmsùrbm

Wem wmk kr`wsmr hs tem usmr shgm nppohbnth`j tent hjhthntms nj EWWY rmqumst (ky typhjd

tem ][O `l tem wnjtmg wmk nppohbnth`j) t` tem RY hj `rgmr t` nbbmss n pr`tmbtmg

rmsùrbm.

;.=.; @vmrvhmw `l tem wmk RR@ stmps whte Rehkkòmte

Wehs pnrt gmsbrhkms e`w Rehkkòmte w`rfs, e`w b`cp`jmjts b``pmrntm mnbe `temr t`

nbehmvm tem shjdom shdj `j pr`bmss. Nbb`rghjd t` Bnjt`r, R (;99=) njg Rehkkòmte

(;9>2), tem lòo`whjd smqumjbm hooustrntms tem stmps njg hjtmrnbth`js tent `bbur whtehj n

typhbno Rehkkòmte-knsmg shjdom shdj `j sbmjnrh`. Wem cnhj nbt`rs hj tent pr`bmssms nrm

tem b`cp`jmjts gmsbrhkmg nk`vm. Wehs sbmjnrh` nssucms tent n usmr wnjts t` dmt

nbbmss t` n smburmg rmsùrbm l`r tem lhrst thcm njg subbmssluooy.

>) EWWY rmqumst t` RY1 Wem usmr terùde nj EWWY rmqumst nttmcpts t` nbbmss

n pr`tmbtmg rmsùrbm e`stmg ky tem smrvhbm pr`vhgmr. Wem rmsùrbm cnjndmr

bembfs wemtemr tem usmr dmts nj nbthvm smssh`j `r j`t. @jbm j`thbhjd tent tem

usmr g`ms j`t envm nj nbthvm smssh`j, tem usmr rmqumst hs smjt t` tem Rmrvhbm

Yr`vhgmr nhchjd t` kmdhj tem RR@ `pmrnth`j.


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;) Nutemjthbnth`j [mqumst hssumg ky Rmrvhbm Yr`vhgmr t` Hgmjthty Yr`vhgmr1

@jbm tem RY ens rmbmhvmg tem usmr rmqumst, nj nutemjthbnth`j rmqumst hs

prmpnrmg nss`bhntmg t` tem usmr rmqumst njg rmghrmbtmg t` tem Hgmjthty Yr`vhgmr. Ht

hs w`rtewehom t` j`tm tent tem Rmrvhbm Yr`vhgmr nppohbnth`j hs usunooy gmpo`ymg hj

tem sncm smrvmr whte tem rmsùrbm.

Hj tem bnsm temrm nrm cnjy Hgmjthty Yr`vhgmrs, tem nutemjthbnth`j rmqumst njg tem

usmr rmqumst nrm lhrst smjt hjtmrcmghntmoy t` tem Ghsb`vmry Rmrvhbm (GR)/TNXL hj

`rgmr l`r tem RY t` gmtmrchjm njg smombt nj HgY t` wehbe kmo`jds tem usmr kml`rm

noo hs smjt t` tem nppr`prhntm HgY. Rehkkòmte pr`vhgms tw` smrvhbms/nppohbnth`js t`

gmno whte tehs bnsm1 Wem Bmjtrnohzmg Ghsb`vmry Rmrvhbm njg tem Mckmggmg

Ghsb`vmry Rmrvhbm, e`wmvmr, Rehkkòmte [msp`jshkom ehdeoy mjbùrndms tem

smb`jg `jm t` smrvhbm pr`vhgmrs gmvmo`pmrs ns ht `llmrs c`rm usmr mxpmrhmjbm.

2) Hgmjthlhbnth`j njg Nutemjthbnth`j `l tem usmr ky tem HgY1 Temj tem

rmqumst lr`c tem RY nrrhvms nt tem HgY, ht bembfs wemtemr tem usmr ens nj mxhsthjd

smssh`j `r j`t, hl ht hs tem bnsm, tem stmp 7 hs pr`bmmgmg, hl j`t, tem usmr hs

pr`cptmg t` pr`vhgm temhr nbbmss pnrncmtmrs (m.d., n usmrjncm njg n pnssw`rg)njg tem usmr hs pr`bmmgmg t` tem jmxt stmp (7).

7) HgY hssums Nutemjthbnth`j [msp`jsm t` RY (?sncop1[msp`jsm: `r

RNCO Nrthlnbt(s))1 Ns tem usmr pnrncmtmrs envm kmmj b`rrmbt njg temrml`rm tem

usmr ens kmmj hgmjthlhmg, tem HgY dmjmrntms n RNCO rmsp`jsm `r c`rm nrtmlnbt(s)

cmssndm(s) b`jshgmrmg ns nj nutemjthbnth`j rmsp`jsm njg smjgs ht knbf whte tem

usmr rmqumst t` tem smrvhbm pr`vhgmr.

=) Rmrvhbm Yr`vhgmr bembfs tem rmsp`jsm1 Temj tem usmr rmqumst njg tem

nutemjthbnth`j rmsp`jsm lr`c tem hgmjthty pr`vhgmr rmnbe tem smrvhbm pr`vhgmr, tem

nutemjthbnth`j rmsp`jsm ujgmrd`ms n vnohgnth`j njg n usmr smssh`j hs brmntmg ky

tem RY tent nos` pr`vhgms s`cm hcp`rtnjt hjl`rcnth`j sube ns n usmr hgmjthlhmr t`

km usmg ky tem pr`tmbtmg rmsùrbm. Nltmrwnrgs, tem usmr hs j`w ghrmbtmg t` tem

tnrdmt rmsùrbm.


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2) mxponhjmg ns kmo`w gmsbrhkmg s`cm

hcp`rtnjt momcmjts njg lmnturms tent nos` emop Rehkkòmte t` nbehmvm tem RR@

cmbenjhsc njg c`rm nkùt tem wny Rehkkòmte w`rfs.

- ]smr nttrhkutms1 @jm drmnt kmjmlht `l ushjd Rehkkòmte hs tem ngvnjbmg bnpnbhty

`l n Rehkkòmte RY t` mnshoy rmbmhvm gntn lr`c n Rehkkòmte HgY njg vhbm vmrsn.

Thteùt temsm gntn nos` bnoomg usmr nttrhkutms n usmr bnjj`t km hjgmjthlhmg njg

nutemjthbntmg. Nttrhkutms bnj km mcnho nggrmss, pe`jm juckmr, hjl`rcnth`j nkùt

n drùp t` wehbe tem usmr kmo`jd, hts lujbth`j hj nj `rdnjhsnth`j njg s` `j.

]smr Ndmjt Rmrvhbm Yr`vhgmr Hgmjthty Yr`vhgmr Ghsb`vmry Rmrvhbm

>) EWWY rmqumst t` RY

;) Nutemjthbnth`j [mqumst

hssumg ky RY t` HgY

2) Hgmjthlhbnth`j njg Nutemjthbnth`j `l tem usmr ky tem HgY

7) HgY hssums Nutemjthbnth`j [msp`jsm t` RY

=),


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- Rehkkòmte cmtngntn1 @jm cny nos` nsf e`w g` HgY njg RY b`ccujhbntm mnbe

`temr `vmr EWWY, temy wny mnbe mjthty fj`ws mnbe `temr ][Os njg c`rm. Wehs

ròm hs b`cpomtmg ky gntn nkùt gntn `r gntn l`r gntn bnoomg cmtngntn. N

cmtngntn g`bucmjt gmsbrhkms hj gmtnho ghllmrmjt nspmbts rmontmg t` nj HgY `r nj

RY. Wem RY cmtngntn lhom seùog km o`ngmg hj tem HgY njg tem HgY cmtngntn

seùog km o`ngmg hj tem RY pr`pmroy t` noo`w b`ccujhbnth`j kmtwmmj temc.

N RY `r HgY cmtngntn dmjmrnooy b`cprhsms cmssndms ][Os, nj mjthty HG ns

hgmjthlhmr, brypt`drnpehb hjl`rcnth`j nkùt cmssndms brmnth`j njg n eucnj-

rmngnkom jncm njg gmsbrhpth`j.

- Lmgmrntmg Rhjdom Rhdj @j whte Rehkkòmte1 Wem nk`vm RR@ stmps nrm quhtm

shchonr t` c`st RR@ systmcs. E`wmvmr, s`cm `l te`sm systmcs nrm gmlhjmg t`

`pmrntm `joy wemj tem RY njg tem HgY nrm whtehj tem sncm `rdnjhsnth`j. Wem

RR@ hcpomcmjtnth`j terùde Rehkkòmte pmrl`rcs rmdnrgomss `l wemtemr tem RY

njg tem HgY nrm whtehj tem sncm jmtw`rf/`rdnjhsnth`j `r j`t. Wehs ehdeoy

ngvnjtndmùs lmnturm cnfms Rehkkòmte t` km ngghth`jnooy gmlhjmg ns n lmgmrntmg

RR@ cmbenjhsc.

- Rehkkòmte pr`lhoms1 Dmjmrnooy, RNCO pr`lhoms spmbhly tem b`cp`jmjts `lhjtmr`pmrnkhohty, tent cmnjs hl ghllmrmjt pr`gubts supp`rt n smt `l gmlhjmg pr`lhoms,

temy bnj b``pmrntmg mnbe `temr nt n bmrtnhj dhvmj omvmo. Wem Rehkkòmte pr`lhoms

spmbhlhbnth`j gmlhjms n smt `l lujbth`js tent bnj km pmrl`rcmg. L`r mxncpom, tem

Rehkkòmte HgY g`ms j`t supp`rt ymt tem Rhjdom O`dùt (ùt `l sb`pm `l tehs

pràmbt). Wem lhdurm 8 kmo`w se`ws tem pr`lhoms supp`rtmg ky Rehkkòmte RY njg

HgY.

RNCO >.> Yr`t`bò

Yr`lhom Hgmjthty Yr`vhgmr Rmrvhbm Yr`vhgmr

RR@ Yr`lhom Xms Xms

Rehkkòmte RR@ [mqumst

Yr`lhom

Xms Xms

Nttrhkutm ûmry Xms Xms

Nrthlnbt [msòuth`j Xms Xms


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RNCO ;.9 Yr`t`bò

Yr`lhom Hgmjthty Yr`vhgmr Rmrvhbm Yr`vhgmr

RR@ Xms Xms

Nttrhkutm ûmry Xms Xms

Nrthlnbt [msòuth`j Xms Xms

Mjenjbmg Bohmjt Xms Xms

Rhjdom O`dùt J` Xms

Jncm HG cnjndmcmjt J` Xms

TR-Lmgmrnth`j Ynsshvm (NGLR) J` Xms

]R mNute v> J` Xms

Lhdurm 81 Rehkkòmte pr`lhoms

- Rehkkòmte Khjghjds1 Khjghjds gmlhjm njg gmsbrhkm tem wny cmssndms nrm

bnrrhmg lr`c n smjgmr t` n rmbhphmjt. R`cm khjghjds mxncpoms hjbougm tem Y@RW

khjghjd tent gmtmrchjms e`w t` l`rcnt, jncm njg smjg cmssndms t` n rmbhphmjt

terùde n EWWY Y@RW rmqumst. Wem [mghrmbt khjghjd gmtmrchjm tem wny t` smjg

n cmssndm terùde n ][O `l nj EWWY rmghrmbt rmqumst.

;.< Tmk nppohbnth`j ;74ohk.b`c/;74ohkGM

;74Ohk.b`c/;74ohkGM hs n ohkrnry cnjndmcmjt nppohbnth`j wrhttmj hj NRY .Jmt njg

pr`vhgms nj ngvnjbmg njg shcpom wmk kr`wsmr knsmg hjtmrlnbm. Wem smrvhbms pr`vhgmg

ky tent wmk nppohbnth`j nrm nvnhonkom l`r ]jhvmrshthms, D`vmrjcmjt, Bòomdms, B`rp`rntm,

Emnote Bmjtrms njg cnjy `temr hjsthtuth`js njg hjbougm rmsùrbms noo`whjd tem

cnjndmcmjt `l tem lòo`whjd nppohbnth`js `r smrvhbms smt ky c`guoms1 [mp`rts,

Bntno`dum, @rgmrs, Rurvmy, Lhjnjbm, Rt`bf Htmcs, Nute`rhthms, K`rr`wmrs, Bhrbuonth`j,

K``fhjds, Ymrh`ghbnos, Mjquhrhms @johjm ghsbussh`js njg c`rm (Nppohmg Jmtw`rf

Ròuth`js, ;9>2).

Wem c`st usm bnsm `l ;74ohkGM b`jshsts `l smburmg nbbmss t` tem smrvhbms ohstmg nk`vm.

L`r hjstnjbm, n suksbrhkmr bnj nggrmss njy ohkrnry cnjndmcmjt `r rmsùrbm


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Dhooms [ukmjs Kngùmt| C95BGM Yràmbt| B`vmjtry ]jhvmrshty| ;9>;-;9>2 Yndm 7> `l >;=

cnjndmcmjt tnsf ky shcpoy ushjd c`guoms temy wnjt t` terùde n lrhmjgoy wmk knsmg

b`jlhdurnth`j t`ò (Nppohmg Jmtw`rf Ròuth`js, ;9>2).

Nbtunooy ;74Ohk.b`c/;74ohkGM nppohbnth`j cny km e`stmg mhtemr nt tem bust`cmr

prmchsms `r ky njy tehrg pnrthms nkom t` e`st wmk nppohbnth`js. Chbr`s`lt njg EY envm

k`te mjg`rsmg ;74ohk.b`c whte ';74ohk.b`c hj n k`x' (tent cmnjs n b`cpomtm sòuth`j

bnj km gmohvmrmg t` tem bust`cmr hj tem boùg hjboughjd enrgwnrm, `pmrnthjd systmc njg

tem ;74Ohk.b`c/;74ohkGM nppohbnth`j. Hj `temr w`rgs, tem pnbfndm dhvms n 'Chbr`s`lt

Thjg`ws Mckmggmg ohbmjbm' njg nj EY smrvmr b`cprhshjd tem mjthrm rmquhrmg

pmrl`rcnjbm b`jlhdurnth`j (Nppohmg Jmtw`rf Ròuth`js, ;9>2).

Ns mxponhjmg kml`rm, tem pràmbt tmbejhbno d`no hs t` gmlhjm nj hjtmdrnth`j strntmdy `l

;74Ohk.b`c/;74ohkGM t` Rehkkòmte njg temrml`rm noo`w Rehkkòmte knsmg nutemjthbnth`j

cmbenjhsc. Wem lhdurm >9 kmo`w hs tem prhjtmg sbrmmj `l tem wmk hjtmrlnbm b`jtnhjhjd

rmsùrbms tent usmrs cny jmmg t` nbbmss terùde tem RR@ prhjbhpom. Wem mxhsthjd

nutemjthbnth`j sòuth`j noo`ws usmrs t` pr`vhgm ghllmrmjt brmgmjthnos njg usmrjncms

mvmry thcm temy wnjt t` nbbmss ghllmrmjt nppohbnth`js (Nppohmg Jmtw`rf Ròuth`js, ;9>2).

Lhdurm >91 ;74ohk.b`c/;74ohkGM mxhsthjd hjtmrlnbm


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Dhooms [ukmjs Kngùmt| C95BGM Yràmbt| B`vmjtry ]jhvmrshty| ;9>;-;9>2 Yndm 7; `l >;=

Benptmr 21 Ohtmrnturm [mvhmw njg rmontmg w`rfs

2.> Hjtr`gubth`j

Hjvmsthdnth`j njg hcpomcmjtnth`j `l Rehkkòmte RR@ nutemjthbnth`j cmbenjhsc

terùde n spmbhlhb sbmjnrh`

Wem nk`vm pràmbt thtom stntms njg succnrhzms n whgm nrmn `l ohtmrnturm hj tem lhmog `l

hgmjthty njg nbbmss cnjndmcmjt systmcs hj dmjmrno njg pnrthbuonroy nrùjg tem

b`jbmpt `l tem shjdom shdj `j hcpomcmjtnth`j strntmdy whtehj `rdnjhsnth`js njg

hjsthtuth`js. Wehs benptmr hjbougms s`cm cna`r trmntmg t`phbs rmontmg t` tem RR@, RNCO

njg Rehkkòmte. Ht nhcs t` kmttmr ujgmrstnjg tem b`jbmpts gmsbrhkmg hj tem prmvhùs

benptmr njg dmt lnchohnrhzmg whte tem cnhj knbfdrùjg `l tem t`phb tent tehs weòm pnpmr

hs gmnohjd whte. Ht dhvms nj `vmrvhmw hgmn `l went ens kmmj g`jm normngy ky `temr

nute`rs hj tem nrmn `l tem t`phb njg prmsmjts went jmw tem pràmbt whoo krhjd up, emjbm

tem jmbmsshty `l tem pràmbt. Wem usmg nppr`nbe hs tem b`ckhjnth`j `l temcnthb njg

ber`jò`dhbno strubturm6 tehs hs gum t` tem whoo t` drùp njg `rdnjhsm tem suk-emnghjds `l

tehs benptmr lr`c dmjmrno (omss rmontmg) t` c`rm ghrmbtoy rmontmg t` tem pràmbt t`phb.

Wemrml`rm, tem b`jtmjts tent tehs benptmr hjbougms b`cprhsm tem njnoyshs `l tem RNCO

pr`t`bò whte rmdnrg t` tem shjdom shdj `j cmbenjhsc, tem hcpomcmjtnth`j `l RNCO

terùde Rehkkòmte njg tem nppohbnth`j `l Rehkkòmte whtehj `rdnjhsnth`j `r/njg nbr`ss

lmgmrntmg hjsthtuth`js.

2.; Tmk RR@ pr`t`bòs

Rmvmrno nute`rs pr`vhgmg s`cm gmsbrhpth`js `l pr`t`bòs supp`rthjd shjdom shdj `j

cmbenjhsc. We`sm nute`rs rnhsmg tem lmnturms tent te`sm pr`t`bòs bnj suppoy t` n

systmc `r n smt `l systmcs. Nbb`rghjd t` cnjy nrthboms, e`w p`wmrluo n pr`t`bò hsgmpmjgs `j hts usm njg e`w tem usmr cnstmrs ht.

Lmjdchjd, J., Lmjd, U., njg [`jdzeh,^ (;9>;) cngm nj njnoyshs `j tem wmk RR@

cmbenjhsc njg gmsbrhkmg ht ns n tmbejhqum usmg t` gmnot whte tem hssum l pnssw`rgs

njg nbbùjts cnjndmcmjt hj ghllmrmjt nppohbnth`js `r smrvhbms nbbmss. Wemy bonhcmg

tent tem stnjgnrg RR@ bnjj`t o`jdmr dunrnjty n ehde smburhty omvmo njg pmrl`rcnjbm hj

b`cpomx systmcs gum t` cutnth`j `l nppohbnth`js njg b`cputnth`jno systmcs. Wemy


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rnhsmg mspmbhnooy tem pr`komc `l omdnby hj ghllmrmjt systmcs tent lnbm tem trnghth`jno RR@

njg prmsmjtmg tem RNCO pr`t`bò ns tem jmw sòuth`j t` gmno whte.

Jmucnj,K,B., njg Ws'`, W (>887) b`jtmjgmg tent tem Fmrkmr`s-knsmg shjdom shdj-`j

b`jshsthjd `l mombtr`jhb bmrthlhbntms suppohmg ky bmjtrnohsmg nutemjthbnth`j systmcs njg

smrvmrs hs `jm `l tem c`st whgmoy usmg RR@ pr`t`bòs gum t` tem shcpohbhty `l hts

strubturm. E`wmvmr, hts omdnby b`cp`jmjts jmmg t` km wmoo fj`wj njg c`ghlhmg hj

rmdnrg t` tem hcpomcmjtnth`j nppohbnth`j. Went nrducmjt ens ontmr kmmj supp`rtmg ky

REMJ, X., njg Gu, Q., (;9>;). E`wmvmr, Whwnrh,Y,K., njg A`seh,R,[ (;998) stntmg tent

Wem `jmthcm pnssw`rg nutemjthbnth`j cmte`g hj Fmrk`r`s hs `joy suhtnkom l`r tem RR@

cmbenjhscs whteùt tem jmmg l ehde pmrl`rcnjbm rmquhrmcmjts.

Jhsehcurn, W., njg Rnt`, E (;995) trhmg t` pr`vhgm tw` sfmtbems `l sòuth`js t` gmno whte

tem hssum `l omdnby hj ghllmrmjt systmcs tent nrm nut`cnthb nbbùjt khjghjds, nut`cnthb

nppohbnth`j systmcs khjghjds njg tem OMRR@ c`gmo, tent dunrnjthms tem gntn smburhty hj

trnjsp`rtnth`j. E`wmvmr, te`sm sòuth`js nrm ohchtmg ky wmk lhotmr usm njg tem

nutemjthbnth`j mllhbhmjby hs rmgubmg.

Nj`temr rmsmnrbe bnrrhmg ùt ky tem @rdnjhznth`j l`r tem Ngvnjbmcmjt `l Rtrubturmg

Hjl`rcnth`j Rtnjgnrgs (@NRHR, ;9>2) gmsbrhkmg nj`temr shjdom shdj `j cmbenjhsc

knsmg pr`t`bò (RNCO) ns nj UCO knsmg stnjgnrg nrbehtmbturm pr`vhghjd swhtbehjd

nutemjthbnth`j `l gntn hj smvmrno smburhty g`cnhjs. Went gmsbrhpth`j ens mnrohmr kmmj

supp`rtmg njg vnohgntmg ky cnjy nute`rs sube ns Enjsmj, R, C., Rfrhvmr, A., njg

Jhmos`j, E, [ (;99=) terùde n b`cc`j nrthbom `j n s

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