Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at...
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Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at
cosmological scales with EUCLID
Alain Blanchard
LaThuile, March 26th, 2015
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Λ CDM modelremarkable success
Successes of Λ CDM model
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Λ CDM modelremarkable success
Successes of Λ CDM model
SnIa
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Λ CDM modelremarkable success
Successes of Λ CDM model
SnIa
BAO
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Λ CDM modelremarkable success
Successes of Λ CDM model
SnIa
BAO
CMB
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Precision cosmology area
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Precision cosmology area
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Precision cosmology area
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Precision cosmology area
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
![Page 10: Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at …moriond.in2p3.fr/J15/transparencies/5_thursday/2_afternoon/4... · Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at cosmological scales](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051308/5b0c5aa17f8b9a952f8be17a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Tightening down Dark Energy properties
Tools
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Tightening down Dark Energy properties
Tools
Laboratory experiments.
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
![Page 12: Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at …moriond.in2p3.fr/J15/transparencies/5_thursday/2_afternoon/4... · Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at cosmological scales](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051308/5b0c5aa17f8b9a952f8be17a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Tightening down Dark Energy properties
Tools
Laboratory experiments. limited
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
![Page 13: Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at …moriond.in2p3.fr/J15/transparencies/5_thursday/2_afternoon/4... · Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at cosmological scales](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051308/5b0c5aa17f8b9a952f8be17a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Tightening down Dark Energy properties
Tools
Laboratory experiments. limited
Solar system test.
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
![Page 14: Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at …moriond.in2p3.fr/J15/transparencies/5_thursday/2_afternoon/4... · Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at cosmological scales](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051308/5b0c5aa17f8b9a952f8be17a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Tightening down Dark Energy properties
Tools
Laboratory experiments. limited
Solar system test. ...
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
![Page 15: Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at …moriond.in2p3.fr/J15/transparencies/5_thursday/2_afternoon/4... · Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at cosmological scales](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051308/5b0c5aa17f8b9a952f8be17a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Tightening down Dark Energy properties
Tools
Laboratory experiments. limited
Solar system test. ...
Galactic level.
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
![Page 16: Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at …moriond.in2p3.fr/J15/transparencies/5_thursday/2_afternoon/4... · Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at cosmological scales](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051308/5b0c5aa17f8b9a952f8be17a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Tightening down Dark Energy properties
Tools
Laboratory experiments. limited
Solar system test. ...
Galactic level. NL ...
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
![Page 17: Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at …moriond.in2p3.fr/J15/transparencies/5_thursday/2_afternoon/4... · Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at cosmological scales](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051308/5b0c5aa17f8b9a952f8be17a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Tightening down Dark Energy properties
Tools
Laboratory experiments. limited
Solar system test. ...
Galactic level. NL ...
Cosmological scales:
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Tightening down Dark Energy properties
Tools
Laboratory experiments. limited
Solar system test. ...
Galactic level. NL ...
Cosmological scales:Let’s go for it!
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Basics of EUCLID
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Basics of EUCLID
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Basics of EUCLID
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Basics of EUCLID: bureaucracy...
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Basics of EUCLID
Goals
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Basics of EUCLID
Goals
Provide astrophysical data (z ≤∼ 2) for investigating Dark Energy:
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Basics of EUCLID
Goals
Provide astrophysical data (z ≤∼ 2) for investigating Dark Energy:
Weak lensing.
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
![Page 26: Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at …moriond.in2p3.fr/J15/transparencies/5_thursday/2_afternoon/4... · Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at cosmological scales](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051308/5b0c5aa17f8b9a952f8be17a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Basics of EUCLID
Goals
Provide astrophysical data (z ≤∼ 2) for investigating Dark Energy:
Weak lensing.
Galaxy clustering & Redshift distorsion.
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
![Page 27: Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at …moriond.in2p3.fr/J15/transparencies/5_thursday/2_afternoon/4... · Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at cosmological scales](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051308/5b0c5aa17f8b9a952f8be17a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Basics of EUCLID
Goals
Provide astrophysical data (z ≤∼ 2) for investigating Dark Energy:
Weak lensing.
Galaxy clustering & Redshift distorsion.
Secondary probes
Clusters.
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
![Page 28: Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at …moriond.in2p3.fr/J15/transparencies/5_thursday/2_afternoon/4... · Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at cosmological scales](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051308/5b0c5aa17f8b9a952f8be17a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Basics of EUCLID
Goals
Provide astrophysical data (z ≤∼ 2) for investigating Dark Energy:
Weak lensing.
Galaxy clustering & Redshift distorsion.
Secondary probes
Clusters.
CBM/X cross correlations.
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
![Page 29: Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at …moriond.in2p3.fr/J15/transparencies/5_thursday/2_afternoon/4... · Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at cosmological scales](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051308/5b0c5aa17f8b9a952f8be17a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Basics of EUCLID
Goals
Provide astrophysical data (z ≤∼ 2) for investigating Dark Energy:
Weak lensing.
Galaxy clustering & Redshift distorsion.
Secondary probes
Clusters.
CBM/X cross correlations.
Strong lensing.
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
![Page 30: Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at …moriond.in2p3.fr/J15/transparencies/5_thursday/2_afternoon/4... · Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at cosmological scales](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051308/5b0c5aa17f8b9a952f8be17a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Basics of EUCLID
Goals
Provide astrophysical data (z ≤∼ 2) for investigating Dark Energy:
Weak lensing.
Galaxy clustering & Redshift distorsion.
Secondary probes
Clusters.
CBM/X cross correlations.
Strong lensing.
Legacy Science
Primeval Universe.
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
![Page 31: Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at …moriond.in2p3.fr/J15/transparencies/5_thursday/2_afternoon/4... · Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at cosmological scales](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051308/5b0c5aa17f8b9a952f8be17a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Basics of EUCLID
Goals
Provide astrophysical data (z ≤∼ 2) for investigating Dark Energy:
Weak lensing.
Galaxy clustering & Redshift distorsion.
Secondary probes
Clusters.
CBM/X cross correlations.
Strong lensing.
Legacy Science
Primeval Universe.
Galaxy/AGN evolution.
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
![Page 32: Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at …moriond.in2p3.fr/J15/transparencies/5_thursday/2_afternoon/4... · Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at cosmological scales](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051308/5b0c5aa17f8b9a952f8be17a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Basics of EUCLID
Goals
Provide astrophysical data (z ≤∼ 2) for investigating Dark Energy:
Weak lensing.
Galaxy clustering & Redshift distorsion.
Secondary probes
Clusters.
CBM/X cross correlations.
Strong lensing.
Legacy Science
Primeval Universe.
Galaxy/AGN evolution.
Local Universe
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
![Page 33: Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at …moriond.in2p3.fr/J15/transparencies/5_thursday/2_afternoon/4... · Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at cosmological scales](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051308/5b0c5aa17f8b9a952f8be17a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Basics of EUCLID
Goals
Provide astrophysical data (z ≤∼ 2) for investigating Dark Energy:
Weak lensing.
Galaxy clustering & Redshift distorsion.
Secondary probes
Clusters.
CBM/X cross correlations.
Strong lensing.
Legacy Science
Primeval Universe.
Galaxy/AGN evolution.
Local Universe
Milky Way,
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
![Page 34: Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at …moriond.in2p3.fr/J15/transparencies/5_thursday/2_afternoon/4... · Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at cosmological scales](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051308/5b0c5aa17f8b9a952f8be17a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Basics of EUCLID
Goals
Provide astrophysical data (z ≤∼ 2) for investigating Dark Energy:
Weak lensing.
Galaxy clustering & Redshift distorsion.
Secondary probes
Clusters.
CBM/X cross correlations.
Strong lensing.
Legacy Science
Primeval Universe.
Galaxy/AGN evolution.
Local Universe
Milky Way, Exo-Planets,
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
![Page 35: Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at …moriond.in2p3.fr/J15/transparencies/5_thursday/2_afternoon/4... · Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at cosmological scales](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051308/5b0c5aa17f8b9a952f8be17a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Basics of EUCLID
Goals
Provide astrophysical data (z ≤∼ 2) for investigating Dark Energy:
Weak lensing.
Galaxy clustering & Redshift distorsion.
Secondary probes
Clusters.
CBM/X cross correlations.
Strong lensing.
Legacy Science
Primeval Universe.
Galaxy/AGN evolution.
Local Universe
Milky Way, Exo-Planets, SNe & Transients
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
![Page 36: Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at …moriond.in2p3.fr/J15/transparencies/5_thursday/2_afternoon/4... · Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at cosmological scales](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051308/5b0c5aa17f8b9a952f8be17a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Basics of EUCLID: Science Working Groups (SWG)
Weak lensing (H.Hoekstra, T.Kitching, K.Benabed).
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Basics of EUCLID: Science Working Groups (SWG)
Weak lensing (H.Hoekstra, T.Kitching, K.Benabed).
Galaxy clustering (L.Guzzo, W.Percival, Y.Wang).
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
![Page 38: Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at …moriond.in2p3.fr/J15/transparencies/5_thursday/2_afternoon/4... · Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at cosmological scales](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051308/5b0c5aa17f8b9a952f8be17a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Basics of EUCLID: Science Working Groups (SWG)
Weak lensing (H.Hoekstra, T.Kitching, K.Benabed).
Galaxy clustering (L.Guzzo, W.Percival, Y.Wang).
Clusters (L.Moscardini, J.Weller, J.Bartlett).
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Basics of EUCLID: Science Working Groups (SWG)
Weak lensing (H.Hoekstra, T.Kitching, K.Benabed).
Galaxy clustering (L.Guzzo, W.Percival, Y.Wang).
Clusters (L.Moscardini, J.Weller, J.Bartlett).
CBM/X cross correlations (N.Ahanim, C.Baccigaluppi.
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
![Page 40: Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at …moriond.in2p3.fr/J15/transparencies/5_thursday/2_afternoon/4... · Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at cosmological scales](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051308/5b0c5aa17f8b9a952f8be17a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Basics of EUCLID: Science Working Groups (SWG)
Weak lensing (H.Hoekstra, T.Kitching, K.Benabed).
Galaxy clustering (L.Guzzo, W.Percival, Y.Wang).
Clusters (L.Moscardini, J.Weller, J.Bartlett).
CBM/X cross correlations (N.Ahanim, C.Baccigaluppi.
Strong lensing (M.Meneghetti, J.-P. Kneib, R. Gavazzi).
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
![Page 41: Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at …moriond.in2p3.fr/J15/transparencies/5_thursday/2_afternoon/4... · Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at cosmological scales](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051308/5b0c5aa17f8b9a952f8be17a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Basics of EUCLID: Science Working Groups (SWG)
Weak lensing (H.Hoekstra, T.Kitching, K.Benabed).
Galaxy clustering (L.Guzzo, W.Percival, Y.Wang).
Clusters (L.Moscardini, J.Weller, J.Bartlett).
CBM/X cross correlations (N.Ahanim, C.Baccigaluppi.
Strong lensing (M.Meneghetti, J.-P. Kneib, R. Gavazzi).
Theory (L.Amendola, M.Kunz, M.Viel).
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Basics of EUCLID: Science Working Groups (SWG)
Weak lensing (H.Hoekstra, T.Kitching, K.Benabed).
Galaxy clustering (L.Guzzo, W.Percival, Y.Wang).
Clusters (L.Moscardini, J.Weller, J.Bartlett).
CBM/X cross correlations (N.Ahanim, C.Baccigaluppi.
Strong lensing (M.Meneghetti, J.-P. Kneib, R. Gavazzi).
Theory (L.Amendola, M.Kunz, M.Viel).
Cosmological simulations (P.Fosalba, R.Teyssier).
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Basics of EUCLID: Science Working Groups (SWG)
Weak lensing (H.Hoekstra, T.Kitching, K.Benabed).
Galaxy clustering (L.Guzzo, W.Percival, Y.Wang).
Clusters (L.Moscardini, J.Weller, J.Bartlett).
CBM/X cross correlations (N.Ahanim, C.Baccigaluppi.
Strong lensing (M.Meneghetti, J.-P. Kneib, R. Gavazzi).
Theory (L.Amendola, M.Kunz, M.Viel).
Cosmological simulations (P.Fosalba, R.Teyssier).
Primeval Universe (J.-G. Cuby, J Fynbo).
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
![Page 44: Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at …moriond.in2p3.fr/J15/transparencies/5_thursday/2_afternoon/4... · Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at cosmological scales](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051308/5b0c5aa17f8b9a952f8be17a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Basics of EUCLID: Science Working Groups (SWG)
Weak lensing (H.Hoekstra, T.Kitching, K.Benabed).
Galaxy clustering (L.Guzzo, W.Percival, Y.Wang).
Clusters (L.Moscardini, J.Weller, J.Bartlett).
CBM/X cross correlations (N.Ahanim, C.Baccigaluppi.
Strong lensing (M.Meneghetti, J.-P. Kneib, R. Gavazzi).
Theory (L.Amendola, M.Kunz, M.Viel).
Cosmological simulations (P.Fosalba, R.Teyssier).
Primeval Universe (J.-G. Cuby, J Fynbo).
Galaxy/AGN evolution (J.Brichmann, D.Elbaz, A.Cimati).
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
![Page 45: Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at …moriond.in2p3.fr/J15/transparencies/5_thursday/2_afternoon/4... · Investigating Dark Energy and Gravitation at cosmological scales](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051308/5b0c5aa17f8b9a952f8be17a/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Basics of EUCLID: Science Working Groups (SWG)
Weak lensing (H.Hoekstra, T.Kitching, K.Benabed).
Galaxy clustering (L.Guzzo, W.Percival, Y.Wang).
Clusters (L.Moscardini, J.Weller, J.Bartlett).
CBM/X cross correlations (N.Ahanim, C.Baccigaluppi.
Strong lensing (M.Meneghetti, J.-P. Kneib, R. Gavazzi).
Theory (L.Amendola, M.Kunz, M.Viel).
Cosmological simulations (P.Fosalba, R.Teyssier).
Primeval Universe (J.-G. Cuby, J Fynbo).
Galaxy/AGN evolution (J.Brichmann, D.Elbaz, A.Cimati).
Local Universe (B.Poggianti, C. Conselice)
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Basics of EUCLID: Science Working Groups (SWG)
Weak lensing (H.Hoekstra, T.Kitching, K.Benabed).
Galaxy clustering (L.Guzzo, W.Percival, Y.Wang).
Clusters (L.Moscardini, J.Weller, J.Bartlett).
CBM/X cross correlations (N.Ahanim, C.Baccigaluppi.
Strong lensing (M.Meneghetti, J.-P. Kneib, R. Gavazzi).
Theory (L.Amendola, M.Kunz, M.Viel).
Cosmological simulations (P.Fosalba, R.Teyssier).
Primeval Universe (J.-G. Cuby, J Fynbo).
Galaxy/AGN evolution (J.Brichmann, D.Elbaz, A.Cimati).
Local Universe (B.Poggianti, C. Conselice)
Milky Way (E.Tolstoy, A. Ferguson)
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Basics of EUCLID: Science Working Groups (SWG)
Weak lensing (H.Hoekstra, T.Kitching, K.Benabed).
Galaxy clustering (L.Guzzo, W.Percival, Y.Wang).
Clusters (L.Moscardini, J.Weller, J.Bartlett).
CBM/X cross correlations (N.Ahanim, C.Baccigaluppi.
Strong lensing (M.Meneghetti, J.-P. Kneib, R. Gavazzi).
Theory (L.Amendola, M.Kunz, M.Viel).
Cosmological simulations (P.Fosalba, R.Teyssier).
Primeval Universe (J.-G. Cuby, J Fynbo).
Galaxy/AGN evolution (J.Brichmann, D.Elbaz, A.Cimati).
Local Universe (B.Poggianti, C. Conselice)
Milky Way (E.Tolstoy, A. Ferguson)
Exo-Planets (J.-P. Beaulieu, M. Zapatero-Osorio, E.Kerins)
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Basics of EUCLID: Science Working Groups (SWG)
Weak lensing (H.Hoekstra, T.Kitching, K.Benabed).
Galaxy clustering (L.Guzzo, W.Percival, Y.Wang).
Clusters (L.Moscardini, J.Weller, J.Bartlett).
CBM/X cross correlations (N.Ahanim, C.Baccigaluppi.
Strong lensing (M.Meneghetti, J.-P. Kneib, R. Gavazzi).
Theory (L.Amendola, M.Kunz, M.Viel).
Cosmological simulations (P.Fosalba, R.Teyssier).
Primeval Universe (J.-G. Cuby, J Fynbo).
Galaxy/AGN evolution (J.Brichmann, D.Elbaz, A.Cimati).
Local Universe (B.Poggianti, C. Conselice)
Milky Way (E.Tolstoy, A. Ferguson)
Exo-Planets (J.-P. Beaulieu, M. Zapatero-Osorio, E.Kerins)
SNe & Transients (I.Hook, C.Tao, E.Cappellaro).
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Astrophysical point of view
Testing cosmology at the background level
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Astrophysical point of view
Testing cosmology at the background level
D(z) =1.
H0Ω1/2K
SK
(
H0Ω1/2K
∫ z
0
dz
H(z)
)
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Astrophysical point of view
Testing cosmology at the background level
D(z) =1.
H0Ω1/2K
SK
(
H0Ω1/2K
∫ z
0
dz
H(z)
)
SNIa, CMB, tranversal BAO
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Astrophysical point of view
Testing cosmology at the background level
D(z) =1.
H0Ω1/2K
SK
(
H0Ω1/2K
∫ z
0
dz
H(z)
)
SNIa, CMB, tranversal BAO
H(z)
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Astrophysical point of view
Testing cosmology at the background level
D(z) =1.
H0Ω1/2K
SK
(
H0Ω1/2K
∫ z
0
dz
H(z)
)
SNIa, CMB, tranversal BAO
H(z)longitudinal BAO, z , t(z)
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Astrophysical point of view
Testing cosmology at the background level
D(z) =1.
H0Ω1/2K
SK
(
H0Ω1/2K
∫ z
0
dz
H(z)
)
SNIa, CMB, tranversal BAO
H(z)longitudinal BAO, z , t(z)
Testing cosmology at the (linear) perturbation level
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Astrophysical point of view
Testing cosmology at the background level
D(z) =1.
H0Ω1/2K
SK
(
H0Ω1/2K
∫ z
0
dz
H(z)
)
SNIa, CMB, tranversal BAO
H(z)longitudinal BAO, z , t(z)
Testing cosmology at the (linear) perturbation level
G (z)δ(z) = G (z)δ0 growth factor
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Astrophysical point of view
Testing cosmology at the background level
D(z) =1.
H0Ω1/2K
SK
(
H0Ω1/2K
∫ z
0
dz
H(z)
)
SNIa, CMB, tranversal BAO
H(z)longitudinal BAO, z , t(z)
Testing cosmology at the (linear) perturbation level
G (z)δ(z) = G (z)δ0 growth factordln(G)dln(a) ∼ Ωγ
m(a)
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Astrophysical point of view
Testing cosmology at the background level
D(z) =1.
H0Ω1/2K
SK
(
H0Ω1/2K
∫ z
0
dz
H(z)
)
SNIa, CMB, tranversal BAO
H(z)longitudinal BAO, z , t(z)
Testing cosmology at the (linear) perturbation level
G (z)δ(z) = G (z)δ0 growth factordln(G)dln(a) ∼ Ωγ
m(a)
γ is the growth index (γ ∼ 0.55 in ΛCDM)
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Astrophysical point of view
Testing cosmology at the background level
D(z) =1.
H0Ω1/2K
SK
(
H0Ω1/2K
∫ z
0
dz
H(z)
)
SNIa, CMB, tranversal BAO
H(z)longitudinal BAO, z , t(z)
Testing cosmology at the (linear) perturbation level
G (z)δ(z) = G (z)δ0 growth factordln(G)dln(a) ∼ Ωγ
m(a)
γ is the growth index (γ ∼ 0.55 in ΛCDM)Weak Lensing,
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Astrophysical point of view
Testing cosmology at the background level
D(z) =1.
H0Ω1/2K
SK
(
H0Ω1/2K
∫ z
0
dz
H(z)
)
SNIa, CMB, tranversal BAO
H(z)longitudinal BAO, z , t(z)
Testing cosmology at the (linear) perturbation level
G (z)δ(z) = G (z)δ0 growth factordln(G)dln(a) ∼ Ωγ
m(a)
γ is the growth index (γ ∼ 0.55 in ΛCDM)Weak Lensing, RSD, Clusters
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Fiducial model of dark energy
Quintessence : scalar field with minimal couplings and canonicalkinetic energy.
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Fiducial model of dark energy
Quintessence : scalar field with minimal couplings and canonicalkinetic energy.
S =
∫
d4x√
g
[
R
16πG− 1
2gµνgµν∂µφ∂νφ− V (φ) + Lm
]
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Fiducial model of dark energy
Quintessence : scalar field with minimal couplings and canonicalkinetic energy.
S =
∫
d4x√
g
[
R
16πG− 1
2gµνgµν∂µφ∂νφ− V (φ) + Lm
]
Equation of state parameter:
w =P
ρ=
1/2φ2 − V (φ)
1/2φ2 + V (φ)
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Fiducial model of dark energy
Quintessence : scalar field with minimal couplings and canonicalkinetic energy.
S =
∫
d4x√
g
[
R
16πG− 1
2gµνgµν∂µφ∂νφ− V (φ) + Lm
]
Equation of state parameter:
w =P
ρ=
1/2φ2 − V (φ)
1/2φ2 + V (φ)
CPL parametrization: w(z) = wp + (1 − a)wa
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Fiducial model of dark energy
Quintessence : scalar field with minimal couplings and canonicalkinetic energy.
S =
∫
d4x√
g
[
R
16πG− 1
2gµνgµν∂µφ∂νφ− V (φ) + Lm
]
Equation of state parameter:
w =P
ρ=
1/2φ2 − V (φ)
1/2φ2 + V (φ)
CPL parametrization: w(z) = wp + (1 − a)wa
growth index:
γ = 0.55 + 0.05[1 + w(z = 1)](fitted)
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Fiducial model of dark energy
Quintessence : scalar field with minimal couplings and canonicalkinetic energy.
S =
∫
d4x√
g
[
R
16πG− 1
2gµνgµν∂µφ∂νφ− V (φ) + Lm
]
Equation of state parameter:
w =P
ρ=
1/2φ2 − V (φ)
1/2φ2 + V (φ)
CPL parametrization: w(z) = wp + (1 − a)wa
growth index:
γ = 0.55 + 0.05[1 + w(z = 1)](fitted)
Quintessence has γ ∼ 0.55 “ standard dark energy model”
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Astrophysical point of view
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Where we go:
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Where we go:
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Where we go:
R ∝ −(ρ+ 3P)R
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The Curvature–Newtonian Potential diagram.
Psaltis 2008.
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Further reading
Euclid Definition Study Report mission
R. Laureijs et al., Euclid red book : arXiv:1110.3193
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Further reading
Euclid Definition Study Report mission
R. Laureijs et al., Euclid red book : arXiv:1110.3193
Cosmology and fundamental physics with the Euclid satellite.
L. Amendola et al., Living Reviews in Relativity 16, 6 (2013).
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Perturbation dynamics
Scalar Perturbations (Newtonnian gauge)
ds2 = a2(t)[−(1 + 2Ψ)dt2 + (1 − 2Φ)dx idxi ]
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Perturbation dynamics
Scalar Perturbations (Newtonnian gauge)
ds2 = a2(t)[−(1 + 2Ψ)dt2 + (1 − 2Φ)dx idxi ]
Sub-horizon dynamics
−k2Φ = 4πGQ(a, k)a2ρm∆m
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Perturbation dynamics
Scalar Perturbations (Newtonnian gauge)
ds2 = a2(t)[−(1 + 2Ψ)dt2 + (1 − 2Φ)dx idxi ]
Sub-horizon dynamics
−k2Φ = 4πGQ(a, k)a2ρm∆m
Ψ− Φ relation:Φ = η(a, k)Ψ
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Perturbation dynamics
Scalar Perturbations (Newtonnian gauge)
ds2 = a2(t)[−(1 + 2Ψ)dt2 + (1 − 2Φ)dx idxi ]
Sub-horizon dynamics
−k2Φ = 4πGQ(a, k)a2ρm∆m
Ψ− Φ relation:Φ = η(a, k)Ψ
For a given DE/MG theory, Q, η can be computed and equationsfor perturbations can be solved.
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From redshift survey
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From redshift survey
Pg (k)
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From redshift survey
Pg (k) then to PDM(k)
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From redshift survey
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From redshift survey
Access to ΦAlain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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From weak lensing
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From weak lensing
Dark matter tomography
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From weak lensing
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From weak lensing
Access to ψ +Φ
Alain Blanchard Investigating dark gravity with EUCLID
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Models of dark energy and modified gravity
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Models of dark energy and modified gravity
Beyond standard DE model
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Models of dark energy and modified gravity
Beyond standard DE model: differences between DE and MG is lessclear: a modification to Einstein’s equation can be interpreted asstandard Einstein gravity with a modified “matter” source (⊃scalars, vectors and tensors).
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Models of dark energy and modified gravity
Beyond standard DE model: differences between DE and MG is lessclear: a modification to Einstein’s equation can be interpreted asstandard Einstein gravity with a modified “matter” source (⊃scalars, vectors and tensors).
Terminology :
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Models of dark energy and modified gravity
Beyond standard DE model: differences between DE and MG is lessclear: a modification to Einstein’s equation can be interpreted asstandard Einstein gravity with a modified “matter” source (⊃scalars, vectors and tensors).
Terminology :
Standard dark energy: standard gravity, canonical kineticenergy, minimal couplings, sound speed = c.
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Models of dark energy and modified gravity
Beyond standard DE model: differences between DE and MG is lessclear: a modification to Einstein’s equation can be interpreted asstandard Einstein gravity with a modified “matter” source (⊃scalars, vectors and tensors).
Terminology :
Standard dark energy: standard gravity, canonical kineticenergy, minimal couplings, sound speed = c.
Clustering dark energy: k-essence
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Models of dark energy and modified gravity
Beyond standard DE model: differences between DE and MG is lessclear: a modification to Einstein’s equation can be interpreted asstandard Einstein gravity with a modified “matter” source (⊃scalars, vectors and tensors).
Terminology :
Standard dark energy: standard gravity, canonical kineticenergy, minimal couplings, sound speed = c.
Clustering dark energy: k-essence
Explicit modified gravity models: F (R), Scalar-tensor theories(F (φ)R), Gauss-Bonnet...
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Models of dark energy and modified gravity
Coupled dark energy models
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Models of dark energy and modified gravity
Coupled dark energy models
S =
∫
d4x√
g
[
R
16πG− 1
2gµνgµν∂µφ∂νφ− V (φ) + m(φ)ψψ + Lm(ψ)
]
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Models of dark energy and modified gravity
Coupled dark energy models
S =
∫
d4x√
g
[
R
16πG− 1
2gµνgµν∂µφ∂νφ− V (φ) + m(φ)ψψ + Lm(ψ)
]
coupling can be with baryons, neutrinos, dark matter...
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Models of dark energy and modified gravity
Coupled dark energy models
S =
∫
d4x√
g
[
R
16πG− 1
2gµνgµν∂µφ∂νφ− V (φ) + m(φ)ψψ + Lm(ψ)
]
coupling can be with baryons, neutrinos, dark matter...writing m(φ) = m exp(−β(φ)φ) then :
G = G (1 + 2β2(φ)
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Models of dark energy and modified gravity
Classifying theories:
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Models of dark energy and modified gravity
Classifying theories:
Identify a limited number of parameters that can be determinedfrom observations and which are meaningful in the “space oftheories”
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Models of dark energy and modified gravity
Classifying theories:
Identify a limited number of parameters that can be determinedfrom observations and which are meaningful in the “space oftheories”
Parametrized Post Friedmann (PPF) formalism
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Models of dark energy and modified gravity
Classifying theories:
Identify a limited number of parameters that can be determinedfrom observations and which are meaningful in the “space oftheories”
Parametrized Post Friedmann (PPF) formalism
Effective Field Theories (EFT)
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Models of dark energy and modified gravity
Classifying theories:
Identify a limited number of parameters that can be determinedfrom observations and which are meaningful in the “space oftheories”
Parametrized Post Friedmann (PPF) formalism
Effective Field Theories (EFT)
...
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One more comment...Friedmann-Lemaître equation:
(
R
R
)2
=8πGρm
3+
8πGρDE
3− kc2
R2
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One more comment...Friedmann-Lemaître equation:
(
R
R
)2
=8πGρm
3+
8πGρDE
3− kc2
R2
The split between ρm and ρDE is not (gravitationally) testable(Kunz 2009)
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One more comment...Friedmann-Lemaître equation:
(
R
R
)2
=8πGρm
3+
8πGρDE
3− kc2
R2
The split between ρm and ρDE is not (gravitationally) testable(Kunz 2009)Just use it as a parametrization.
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Precision cosmology area: curvature
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A Cosmological Test of GR at the background levelDynamic
One can derive dynamical equation for a(t) from Newtonianconsideration
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A Cosmological Test of GR at the background levelDynamic
One can derive dynamical equation for a(t) from Newtonianconsideration
Newtonian dynamic:
a2 + K =8πG
3
∑
ρa2.
(see Mukhanov’s book)
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A Cosmological Test of GR at the background levelDynamic
One can derive dynamical equation for a(t) from Newtonianconsideration
Newtonian dynamic:
a2 + K =8πG
3
∑
ρa2.
(see Mukhanov’s book)
General Relativity
K = c2
soΩk = 1.−
∑
Ωcontents
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Testing GR at cosmological scales
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Testing GR at cosmological scales
so testing:
Ωk = 1.−∑
Ωcontents
is testing GR on large scale at the background level
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Testing GR at cosmological scales
so testing:
Ωk = 1.−∑
Ωcontents
is testing GR on large scale at the background level
So we can define :
Ωkgeo = − k
(a0H0)2
andΩkdyn = 1.−
∑
Ωcontents
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Testing GR at cosmological scales
so testing:
Ωk = 1.−∑
Ωcontents
is testing GR on large scale at the background level
So we can define :
Ωkgeo = − k
(a0H0)2
andΩkdyn = 1.−
∑
Ωcontents
and use SNIa, CMB, BAO to constrain these quantities.Yves Zolnierowski & AB, arXiv:1503.00111
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With w = −1
-1.2
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
-0.1 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0 0.02 0.04
Ωkgeo
Ωk d
yn
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With w free
-1.2
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
-0.1 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0 0.02 0.04Ωkgeo
Ωk d
yn
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With w free
-1.2
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
-2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5
Ωk d
yn
w
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Conclusion
Euclid will allow to test gravity at
cosmological scale in many ways
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Conclusion
Euclid will allow to test gravity at
cosmological scale in many ways
This can/should be complemented by
other data from cosmological relevance
(CMB, H0, z , t(z), ...)
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Conclusion
Euclid will allow to test gravity at
cosmological scale in many ways
This can/should be complemented by
other data from cosmological relevance
(CMB, H0, z , t(z), ...)
First results at Moriond 2021 (TBC)
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Conclusion
Euclid will allow to test gravity at
cosmological scale in many ways
This can/should be complemented by
other data from cosmological relevance
(CMB, H0, z , t(z), ...)
First results at Moriond 2021 (TBC)
Thank You
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