Inverts Continued

Kingdom Animalia• Characteristics:

– Multicellular- Made of more than one cell– Heterotrophic- must consumer things for food– Eukaryotic- Cells contain a nucleus and organelles

• Invertebrates– No backbone– More primitive organisms– Make up ~96% of all marine organisms

Invertebrates- Review• Phylum Porifera

– Simplest of all animals– Sessile: are attached to something, and do not move– No true tissues or organs– Strictly filter feeders– Asymmetrical (no way to divide the body equally in half)– Some have Radial Symmetry- can be divided equally many

ways through a central axis.

Cnidarians

Jellyfish, Coral, Hydra, Sea Anenome

Classification• Kingdom- Animalia• Phylum- Cnidarian

– Examples:• Anthozoa• Hydrozoa• Scyphozoa• Cubozoa

General Characteritics– Multicellular & Eukaryotic– Oldest organism to show true tissue and systems

• Levels of organization= Cells & Tissues• Many have nematocysts (stinging cells or cnidoblasts)

– Gastrovascular Cavity (coelenteron) with single opening-• Mouth and anus = same opening MANUS

General Characteristics– Nervous System– All live in aquatic ecosystem

• Most marine• Few Freshwater

– Hydrostatic Skeleton- Water pressure holds body shape– Radial Symmetry

Radial Symmetry• Symmetry around a

central axis.– Definite mouth/ anus– No definite head

Body Forms• Polyp

– Cylindrical body- with oral and aboral ends

– Oral end with tentacles surrounding hypostome & mouth

– Sessile and reproduce asexually

– Ex. Hydra, Sea Anenome, Corals

Body Forms

Body Forms• Medusa

– Named after the mythical creature

– Motile- Free swimming– Bell (umbrella) shaped

body• Jellyfish

Respiration• Body is only 2 cell layers thick to allow diffusion

– Diffuses oxygen and nutrients from cell to cell & environment to cell

– Diffuses wastes from cell to cell & cell to environment

Reproduction• Sexually by fertilization of

egg and sperm forming free swimming larvae

• Asexually through budding

Ecological Role• Predators and prey• Neurotoxins in medical research• Coral – jewelry, building, reefs (surfing!)• Coral reefs - habitat for many

– great biodiversity– protect coastline

• Symbiosis with other organisms

Nematocyst• Type of cell

– Specialized for stinging• Most abundant in

tentacles• Function:

– Primarily Food capture– Protection– Most contain poison

(neurotoxin)

Nematocysts• Cnidoblasts- actual cell

Tentacles• Location- radially around

the hypostome and mouth

• Structure- same as body wall, but with many more nematocysts

• Function- food capture, defense and locomotion (in motile forms)

Body Wall (sac like body)• 3 layers

– Outer epidermis (Ectoderm)

– Middle- mesoglea (non-living jelly)

– Inner- Gastrodermis(Endoderm)

Gastrovascular Cavity• AKA- Coeloenteron• Location- inner body cavity

– May be partitioned by septa (Sectioned off)

– Fluid filled

• Function- digestion of food– Circulation of digested food

throughout gastrovascularCavity

Gastrovascular Cavity• Single opening to the

environment– Mouth is also the anus– Located on the cone shaped

elevation (hypostome)

• Extracellular digestion– Enzymes secreted into GVC– Cells absorb nutrients

through diffusion

Types of Cells- Epidermis• Epidermal Cells

– Derived from ectoderm– Consists of a single layer of

cells that are varied from flat (Squamous) to tall (Columnar)

– May be ciliated or flagellated

Types of Cells- Epidermis• Nematocysts

– “Stinging Cells”– Tiny capsule containing a

coiled “thread” or filament that shoots out like a harpoon

• End has sharp barb• Contains neurotoxin• Paralyzes even kills prey

Types of Cells- Epidermis• Mucous Cells

– Tall cells around the mouth and basal plate that secrete an adhesive substance for attachment and sometimes a gas bubble for floating

Types of Cells- Epidermis• Sensory Cells

– Form Nerve Net– Concentrated near mouth,

tentacles, and basal plate– Receptors for touch,

temperature, light, and other stimuli.

Class Hydrozoa• Polyp phase is dominant• Generally microscopic• Generally freshwater

Class Hydrozoa

• Mythical Hydra from which they were named

Class Hydrozoa: Green Hydra

Hydra

Brown Hydra with buds

Brown Hydra eating

Hydra eating Daphnia

Class Scyphozoa• Jelly fish or Jellies• Medusa stage is

dominant• Come in a variety of

forms• Predators• Can be dangerous to

humans

Class Scyphozoa: True Jellyfish

Fried egg jelly

Jellyfish

Jellyfish

Red-eyed medusa

Jellyfish

Jellyfish

Jellyfish

Lion’s mane

Jellyfish

Purple lion’s mane

Upside down Jelly fish

Upside down Jelly fish

Sea Nettle

Jelly and diver

Giant Jelly off Coast of Japan

Beached Jelly fish

Jelly fish Humor

Portuguese Man 0’ War

(a Hydrozoan), NOT a true jelly

fish

Portuguese Man 0’ War

Tentacles of Physalia physalis

Portuguese Man o’ War vs. Box Jelly fish

Class Cubozoa: Box Jellyfish

Chironex fleckerithe Box jelly fish

Class Anthozoa• Plant looking animals• Polyp form is dominant• Corals build calcium shells/

skeletons to protect themselves– Have symbiotic relationship

with algae: zooxanthellae• Can build extensive masses

called reefs– Can form land masses as

result

Class Anthozoa: Sea Anemones

Sea Anemones (with sea urchins)

Sea Anemones Clown fish with sea anemone

Clown fish & eggs with sea anemone

Clown fish with sea anemone

Giant Sea Anemone

Rosy Sea Anemone

Class Anthozoa: Corals

Brain Coral

Coral

Colt Coral

Elkhorn Coral

Cabbage Coral

Flower Coral

Feather Coral

Gorgonian Fan Coral

Lamellina Coral

Sun Coral

Subergorgia Coral

Soft Coral

Sea Pen

Sea Fan

Sea Plume

Phylum Ctenophora• Comb Jellies• Comb rows and cilia help

aid in movement• Two types

– Tentaculata- tentacles covered in colloblasts that stick to their prey

– Nuda- no tentacles• Some bioluminescent

Ctenophores

Ctenophores

“Tell me what you know”• On your sheet of paper:

– Write your first and last name in the upper left hand corner– Write today’s date 2/22/16 in the upper right hand corner– Write Adams-6 beneath the date

• Length requirement is 1 page

Prompt: • Imagine you are diving in a coral reef. Write the types of

organisms that coral is made of and why coral is important. Describe as much detail about the coral and its inhabitants as you can. You should include types of symmetry, symbiosis, feeding interactions, habitats, depths, etc. Anything that you have learned that can be applied to this ecosystem is fair game. The more you write the better your score!– This short essay should be well written in your neatest handwriting.