Invasive, Endangered, and Reintroduced Species of Pennsylvania By: Aidan Luffy.
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Transcript of Invasive, Endangered, and Reintroduced Species of Pennsylvania By: Aidan Luffy.
Invasive, Endangered, and Reintroduced Species of Pennsylvania
By: Aidan Luffy
Endangered Species
• The definition of endangered species is that the species is in danger of dying out and may become extinct.
5 of the Most Common Reasons for Endangerment
• Destruction of habitats
• Introduction of new species
• Diseases and parasites killing species
• Pollution affecting the air and water killing off many bird species and aquatic species
• Limited distribution confining some species to small areas
What Can Be Done to Prevent Endangerment
• Increasing the funds for endangered species
• Making new habitats or restoring old ones
• Stopping the spread of invasive animals in the area
Endangered Animals
» Indiana bat- It is endangered because it has been disrupted during hibernation, causing them to burn up fat keeping them warm during the winter.
Black-crowned night heron- It is endangered because of human-caused destruction and natural destruction both. Humans have been shooting at them which caused their population to decrease.
Peregrine Falcon – The wide spread of DTT is the main reason for peregrine falcons being endangered.
Endangered Plants
Small whorled pogonia – It is endangered because of the past and continuing losses of population due to urban expansion. Some forestry practices eliminate habitat.
Northeastern bulrush- It is endangered because its habitat may be destroyed. Also, it is greatly exploited by humans.
Native, Introduced and Invasive Species
• Native species- species that are common to a certain area
• Introduced species- species that are not common to the area and came from a different area
• Invasive species – species that may cause harm when introduced into a certain area
5 of the Most Common Ways Invasive Species Get Into the U.S.
• In shipping boxes
• Smuggled goods may bring some invasive species of insects
• People from other countries may bring some invasive species into the U.S.
5 of the Most Common Ways Invasive Species Get Into the U.S.
(cont.)
• Some invasive species have been released by humans into the U.S.
• Some invasive species may have come to the U.S. by accident
4 of the Most Common Ways That Invasive Species Negatively Affect Our Environment
• They threaten to completely kill off certain species
• They can affect the water we drink by sickening it
• They can infect the food we eat
• They can causes diseases in many species
Invasive AnimalsEmerald ash borer – scientific name: agrilus planipennis, natural environment- eastern Russia, northern China, and Japan. Niche in the natural and introduced environment: They feed on foilage and on all ash tree species. Problems they cause: Emerald ash borers feed on foliage and infest trees, which kills most trees.
Zebra Mussel – scientific name: dreissena polymorpha natural environment- The Black sea and Caspian sea in Eurasia. Niche in the natural and introduced environment: filter feeder removes particles from the water. Problems they cause: they kill off native species of mussels, and clog waterways for water treatment plants
Invasive Animals (cont.)
Round Goby – scientific name: neogobius melanostomus natural environment- Caspian sea. Niche in invasive environment: competes for food with native species but is also a food source for them. Niche in natural environment: a predator that feeds on crustaceans, mussels, fish eggs, small fish and insect larvae. Problems they cause- competes with native species for food and shelter.
Invasive PlantsMultiflora rose- scientific name rosa multiflora natural environment- Asia. Niche in natural environment: provides a food source for birds and mammals Niche in invasive experiment: provides food for birds and mammals but also forms dense thickets. Problems it causes: it prevents other native plants from growing, and it easily invades soil that has been disturbed.
Japanese stilt grass- scientific name microstegium vimineum. natural environment- eastern Asia. Niche in invasive and natural environment: warm season grass that is highly shade tolerant. Problems it causes: It invades areas prone to soil changing, and it makes large patches so that no native plants can grow.
Reintroduced/Extirpated Species
• Reintroduced species- a species that is put back where it lived in the first place.
• Extirpated species- a species that has been wiped out; extinct.
Reintroduced specie
American Elk
Why- It was reintroduced because it was no longer in danger of becoming extinct.
When- in 1999
How- they plan to relocate them across different areas of the U.S.
Sources
• http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=621014&mode=2
• http://www.endangeredspecie.com/causes_of_endangerment.htm
• http://www.nwf.org/Wildlife/What-We-Do/Endangered-Species.aspx
Sources (cont.)
• http://www.invasivespecies.org/resources/DefineIS.html
• http://www.sprep.org/topic/Invasive.htm#2
• http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/es_map/articles/article_66.mhtml