INTRODUCTORY PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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WHAT IS GLOBAL CLIMATE AND ITS STUDY, GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY? : Highly variable from location to location, time period to time per week, day to day, hour to hour. Very erratic and very hard to for ely any more than a day or two ahead http://www.intellicast.com/National/ Surface/Current.aspx
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INTRODUCTORY PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. INTRODUCTORY PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of INTRODUCTORY PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
WHAT IS GLOBAL CLIMATE AND ITS STUDY, GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY?
Weather: Highly variable from location to location, time period to time period,week to week, day to day, hour to hour. Very erratic and very hard to forecast accurately any more than a day or two ahead
http://www.intellicast.com/National/Surface/Current.aspx
Weather: Highly variable from location to location, time period to time period,week to week, day to day, hour to hour. Very erratic and very hard to forecast accurately any more than a day or two ahead
http://www.intellicast.com/Storm/Hurricane/Active.aspx?storm=3&type=trackhttp://www.intellicast.com/Local/Weather.aspx
WHAT IS GLOBAL CLIMATE AND ITS STUDY, GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY?
Climate: Weather aggregated over many years
Day of Year
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
T max
(°F)
60
70
80
90
60
70
80
90
Daily Mean Tmax
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Aug Sep OctJul Nov Dec
Average Daily MaximumTemperatures.Lake City, Florida, 1893-2010
Why is it hot is June –August and cool December- February?
Why do max. temps appear to “plateau” in summer, but not in winter?
WHAT IS GLOBAL CLIMATE AND ITS STUDY, GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY?
Climate: Weather aggregated over many years
Average Daily MaximumTemperatures, and measureof variability.Lake City, Florida, 1893-2010
Day of Year
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
T max
(°F)
50
60
70
80
90
50
60
70
80
90
Daily Mean Tmax
Mean - 1St. devMean + 1 St. dev
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Aug Sep OctJul Nov DecWhy is the range of likely maximum daily temperatures so much larger in winter than in summer?
WHAT IS GLOBAL CLIMATE AND ITS STUDY, GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY?
Climate: Weather aggregated over many years
Day of Year
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
T max
(°F)
50
60
70
80
90
50
60
70
80
90
Daily Mean Tmax
Mean - 1St. devMean + 1 St. dev97oF
P(T
max
>97°
F)
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15Computed Daily Prob.11-day running mean
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Aug Sep OctJul Nov Dec
97°F
Average Daily MaximumTemperatures, and measureof variability.AND risks of temperatures greater than 97°F!Lake City, Florida, 1893-2010
Why do the risks of exceeding 97°F peak in June, then plateau through July and August, before declining in the Fall?
WHAT IS GLOBAL CLIMATE AND ITS STUDY, GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY?
Climate: Weather aggregated over many years
Average maximum annual temperature, °F 1949 - 2000
VARIATIONS IN SPACE TOO!TIME AND SPACE!
• Why are the highest annual maxima found in North Florida?
• Why are maximum temperatures greater inland compared to the coast?
1 0
1 3
1 5
1 8
2 0
2 3
2 5
2 8
3 0
3 5
5 0 0
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
5 0 0
PERCENTAGE OF MEAN ANNUALPRECIPITATION OCCURRING
IN WINTER.1949 - 2000
TIME SCALES - Seasonal
• Why does NW Florida receive a higher % of its annual precip. in winter?
• Why does S Florida experience such a low % in winter?
-88 -87 -86 -85 -84 -83 -82 -81 -8025
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-88 -87 -86 -85 -84 -83 -82 -81 -8025
26
27
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31
-88 -87 -86 -85 -84 -83 -82 -81 -8025
26
27
28
29
30
31
COLD PHASE ENSO – La Niña
NEUTRAL PHASE ENSO
WARM PHASE ENSO – El Niño
Proportion of annual precipitation duringwinter under variousENSO phases.
TIME SCALES – Interannual – globalConnections.
Why does a change in sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific impact the precip. in Florida?
-88 -87 -86 -85 -84 -83 -82 -81 -8025
26
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Differences in Proportionof annual precipitation
During winterWarm phase - Cold phases.
TIME SCALES – Interannual
Why areas of Florida can anticipate the greatest changes in rainfall dependent upon the equatorial Pacific?
TIME SCALES – InterdecadalNumber of Heat Waves Per Year
Lake City Florida, 1905-1994.
Number of Heat Waves (98°F+) per Year0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Pro
porti
on o
f Yea
rs
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
1905-25 (average = 1.5) Cold AMO1926-64 (average = 2.2) Warm AMO1964-94 (average = 1.1) Cold AMO
How do the risks of the number of heat waves annually change with long-term changes in the temperature of the Atlantic Ocean?
WHAT IS GLOBAL CLIMATE AND ITS STUDY, GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY?
“Climate is what you expect,……..”
Includes average, variability and extremes
WHAT IS GLOBAL CLIMATE AND ITS STUDY, GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY?
“Climate is what you expect,……..”
Includes average, variability and extremes
“………. Weather is what you get!”
HOW ARE WE GOING TO STUDY IT?
HOW ARE WE GOING TO STUDY IT?
Flows of Energy and Mass.
Movements of Energy and Mass within the Earth’s Atmospheric System
WHAT’S THE BASIC PROBLEM?
WHAT’S THE BASIC PROBLEM?
Source of Energy:SUN
WHAT’S THE BASIC PROBLEM?
Source of Energy:SUN
Target Planet of Interest:
EARTH
WHAT’S THE BASIC PROBLEM?
Source of Energy:SUN
Target Planet of Interest:
EARTH
1. About 92.6 million miles (150 million Km)
WHAT’S THE BASIC PROBLEM?
Source of Energy:SUN
Target Planet of Interest:
EARTH
1. About 92.6 million miles (150 million Km)
2. Target rotating anti-clockwise
around own axis once every 24
hrs.
WHAT’S THE BASIC PROBLEM?
Source of Energy:SUN
Target Planet of Interest:
EARTH
1. About 92.6 million miles (150 million Km)
2. Target rotating anti-clockwise
around own axis once every 24 hr.
3. Target revolving around
source once every 365.25 dy
