INTRODUCTIONTOAROMATHERAPY. WHAT IS AROMATHERAPY ? Aromatherapy uses pure essential oils to balance...

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

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AROMATHERAPYAROMATHERAPY

WHAT IS AROMATHERAPY ?WHAT IS AROMATHERAPY ?

Aromatherapy uses pure essential oils Aromatherapy uses pure essential oils to balance the body’s equilibrium and to balance the body’s equilibrium and to improve mental and physical health.to improve mental and physical health.

Aromatherapy involves more than Aromatherapy involves more than fragrance. Plant essential oils have fragrance. Plant essential oils have therapeutic powers in addition to therapeutic powers in addition to beneficial fragrance, and all are beneficial fragrance, and all are antiseptic in different degrees.antiseptic in different degrees.


The natural healing art of aromatherapy The natural healing art of aromatherapy is an excellent way to promote is an excellent way to promote optimum health and vitality. optimum health and vitality.

Aromatherapy can reduce stress, Aromatherapy can reduce stress, improve sleep and give you more improve sleep and give you more energy. It can improve your energy. It can improve your complexion, treat an annoying skin itch complexion, treat an annoying skin itch and eliminate a stomachache.and eliminate a stomachache.


Aromatherapy is a healing Aromatherapy is a healing therapy that utilises the therapy that utilises the properties and aromas of properties and aromas of essential plant oils.essential plant oils.

Perhaps the best thing about Perhaps the best thing about aromatherapy is that it is so easy aromatherapy is that it is so easy and pleasurable to engage in.and pleasurable to engage in.

Definition of “Aromatherapy”Definition of “Aromatherapy”

““Aromatherapy conveys the concept of Aromatherapy conveys the concept of healing with aromatic substances.” - healing with aromatic substances.” - Robert TisserandRobert Tisserand

““Aromatherapy is a caring, hands-on Aromatherapy is a caring, hands-on therapy which seeks to induce relaxation, therapy which seeks to induce relaxation, to increase energy, to reduce the effects to increase energy, to reduce the effects of stress and to restore lost balance to of stress and to restore lost balance to mind, body and soul.” - Robert Tisserandmind, body and soul.” - Robert Tisserand


““Aromatherapy can be defined as the Aromatherapy can be defined as the controlled use of essential oils to maintain controlled use of essential oils to maintain and promote physical, psychological, and and promote physical, psychological, and spiritual wellbeing.” Gabriel Mojayspiritual wellbeing.” Gabriel Mojay

““Aromatherapy is … the skilled and Aromatherapy is … the skilled and controlled use of essential oils for physical controlled use of essential oils for physical and emotional health and well being.” - and emotional health and well being.” - Valerie CooksleyValerie Cooksley


““Aromatherapy” is derived from two Aromatherapy” is derived from two words. Aroma - meaning fragrance or words. Aroma - meaning fragrance or smell and Therapy - meaning treatment.smell and Therapy - meaning treatment.

““Aromatherapy” can be defined as the Aromatherapy” can be defined as the art and science of utilizing naturally art and science of utilizing naturally extracted aromatic essences from plants extracted aromatic essences from plants to balance, harmonize and promote the to balance, harmonize and promote the health of body, mind and spirit.health of body, mind and spirit.

HISTORY OF AROMATHERAPYHISTORY OF AROMATHERAPY

Aromatherapy was used by the most Aromatherapy was used by the most ancient civilizations and is reputed to be at ancient civilizations and is reputed to be at least 6000 years old. It is widely thought least 6000 years old. It is widely thought that Aromatherapy began in Egypt. that Aromatherapy began in Egypt.

The Egyptians used a method known as The Egyptians used a method known as infusion to extract the oils from aromatic infusion to extract the oils from aromatic plants and incense was probably one of the plants and incense was probably one of the earliest ways of using aromatics.earliest ways of using aromatics.


Frankincense was burned at sun rise as an Frankincense was burned at sun rise as an offering to the sun god, Ra and myrrh offering to the sun god, Ra and myrrh was offered to the moon. was offered to the moon.

The Egyptians were experts at embalming The Egyptians were experts at embalming using aromatics to help preserve flesh. using aromatics to help preserve flesh.

The Egyptians used to be massaged with The Egyptians used to be massaged with fragrant oils after bathing . fragrant oils after bathing .


The Greeks continued the use of aromatic The Greeks continued the use of aromatic oils and used them medicinally and oils and used them medicinally and cosmetically. cosmetically.

A Greek physician, Pedacius Dioscorides, A Greek physician, Pedacius Dioscorides, wrote a book about herbal medicine and wrote a book about herbal medicine and for at least 1,200 years as the Western for at least 1,200 years as the Western world's standard medical reference. Many world's standard medical reference. Many of the remedies he mentions are still in use of the remedies he mentions are still in use today in Aromatherapy. today in Aromatherapy.


The Romans took much of their The Romans took much of their medical knowledge from the Greeks medical knowledge from the Greeks and went on to use and improve the and went on to use and improve the ability of aromatics with Rome ability of aromatics with Rome becoming the bathing capital of the becoming the bathing capital of the world.world.

After bathing they would be oiled and After bathing they would be oiled and massaged. massaged.


The Romans started to import new The Romans started to import new aromatic products from East India aromatic products from East India and Arabia through the opening up and Arabia through the opening up of trade routes. of trade routes.

During the crusades the knowledge During the crusades the knowledge of aromatic oils and perfumes of aromatic oils and perfumes spread to the Far East and Arabia.spread to the Far East and Arabia.


It was a physician called Avicenna who It was a physician called Avicenna who lived from A.D 980 to A.D. 1037 that is lived from A.D 980 to A.D. 1037 that is understood to have first used the process understood to have first used the process known as distillation to distil essence of known as distillation to distil essence of rose, although it probably took many years rose, although it probably took many years to perfect the process.to perfect the process.

The Arabs also discovered how to distil The Arabs also discovered how to distil alcohol around the same time making it alcohol around the same time making it possible to produce perfumes without a possible to produce perfumes without a heavy oily base.heavy oily base.


There is a strong possibility that the There is a strong possibility that the ancient Chinese civilizations were ancient Chinese civilizations were using some form of aromatics at the using some form of aromatics at the same time as the Egyptians. same time as the Egyptians.

Shen Nung's Herbal book is the oldest Shen Nung's Herbal book is the oldest surviving medical book in China which surviving medical book in China which is dated about 2700 B.C. and contains is dated about 2700 B.C. and contains information on over 300 plants. information on over 300 plants.


The Chinese used aromatic herbs and The Chinese used aromatic herbs and burned aromatic woods and incense to burned aromatic woods and incense to show respect to God. show respect to God.

Traditional Indian medicine known as Traditional Indian medicine known as ayurveda has been practiced for more ayurveda has been practiced for more than 3,000 years and it incorporates than 3,000 years and it incorporates aromatic massage as one of its main aromatic massage as one of its main aspects.aspects.


The North American Indians also The North American Indians also used aromatic oils and produced their used aromatic oils and produced their own herbal remedies.own herbal remedies.

It wasn't until the 19th century that It wasn't until the 19th century that scientists in Europe and Great Britain scientists in Europe and Great Britain began researching the effects of began researching the effects of essential oils on bacteria in humans.essential oils on bacteria in humans.

Origin of the word “Aromatherapie”Origin of the word “Aromatherapie”

The term “The term “aromatherapiearomatherapie” was coined by a ” was coined by a French chemist called Rene Maurice French chemist called Rene Maurice Gattefosse in 1928. Gattefosse in 1928.

Gattefosse whose family owned a perfumery Gattefosse whose family owned a perfumery business, while working in the laboratory one business, while working in the laboratory one day burned his hand badly. He plunged the day burned his hand badly. He plunged the injured hand into a container of lavender injured hand into a container of lavender essential oil and was amazed at how quickly essential oil and was amazed at how quickly the burn healed without blistering.the burn healed without blistering.


And this event set Gattefosse on a And this event set Gattefosse on a lifetime study of the therapeutic lifetime study of the therapeutic properties of plant oils. He utilized the properties of plant oils. He utilized the word to imply the therapeutic use of word to imply the therapeutic use of aromatic substances. aromatic substances.

A French medical doctor, Jean Valnet, A French medical doctor, Jean Valnet, discovered Gattefosse's research and discovered Gattefosse's research and began experimenting with essential oils began experimenting with essential oils during the World War II.during the World War II.


Around the same time, Marguerite Around the same time, Marguerite Maury, a French biochemist developed a Maury, a French biochemist developed a unique method of diluting and applying unique method of diluting and applying these oils to the skin with massage - these oils to the skin with massage - the the treatment which we know today as treatment which we know today as Aromatherapy.Aromatherapy.

What are Essential Oils ?What are Essential Oils ?

Essential oils occur widely in the plant Essential oils occur widely in the plant kingdom and are sometimes referred to as kingdom and are sometimes referred to as the plants’ ‘life force’ or ‘essence’ or ‘soul’.the plants’ ‘life force’ or ‘essence’ or ‘soul’.

They are minute drops of liquid occurring in They are minute drops of liquid occurring in glands, glandular hairs, sacs or veins of glands, glandular hairs, sacs or veins of different plant parts: flowers, leaves, seeds, different plant parts: flowers, leaves, seeds, bark (twigs) and wood (stem), resin (gum), bark (twigs) and wood (stem), resin (gum), roots, berries or fruit peel of the plant.roots, berries or fruit peel of the plant.


Essential oils give each plant its very specific Essential oils give each plant its very specific or unique scent or fragrance. (E.g. as you or unique scent or fragrance. (E.g. as you smell the beautiful fragrance of a rose, you smell the beautiful fragrance of a rose, you are actually experiencing the joy of essential are actually experiencing the joy of essential oils as they are released into the atmosphere)oils as they are released into the atmosphere)

Essential oils droplets are a mixture of Essential oils droplets are a mixture of complex, organic compounds. When complex, organic compounds. When extracted, they are highly concentrated and extracted, they are highly concentrated and highly fragrant.highly fragrant.


Essential oils are volatile, which means that Essential oils are volatile, which means that they turn quickly from a liquid into a gas at they turn quickly from a liquid into a gas at room temperature or higher. room temperature or higher.

They are also non-oily, despite their name. A They are also non-oily, despite their name. A good test of the purity of these aromatic good test of the purity of these aromatic substances is that they do not leave a greasy substances is that they do not leave a greasy mark on a piece of paper. However, there are mark on a piece of paper. However, there are a few exceptions to this rule, such as myrrh a few exceptions to this rule, such as myrrh and patchouli.and patchouli.


Essential oils are soluble in oils, fats and Essential oils are soluble in oils, fats and pure alcohol, but they are partially or non-pure alcohol, but they are partially or non-soluble in water.soluble in water.

Essential oils are also flammable!! Essential oils are also flammable!! (Experiment: Squeeze a lemon or orange (Experiment: Squeeze a lemon or orange rind into a candle flame to see tiny rind into a candle flame to see tiny fireworks!) fireworks!)

They can be damaged by light, heat, air and They can be damaged by light, heat, air and moisture. Therefore, we must know how to moisture. Therefore, we must know how to take good care of our precious essential oils.take good care of our precious essential oils.


Essential oils are usually very liquid and Essential oils are usually very liquid and do not feel greasy at all.do not feel greasy at all.

Essential oils can only be produced by Essential oils can only be produced by nature. Therefore, they are natural.nature. Therefore, they are natural.

Where Essential Oils are found?Where Essential Oils are found?

FlowersFlowers chamomile, lavender, neroli, chamomile, lavender, neroli, roserose

LeavesLeaves eucalyptus, peppermint eucalyptus, peppermint WoodWood cedarwood, rosewood, cedarwood, rosewood,

sandalwood sandalwood Fruits Fruits bergamot, grapefruit, lemon, bergamot, grapefruit, lemon,

orangeorange Berries Berries black pepper, juniper black pepper, juniper


Twigs Twigs petitgrain petitgrain Roots Roots angelica, ginger, vetiver angelica, ginger, vetiver Seeds Seeds angelica, cardamon, carrot, angelica, cardamon, carrot,

nutmegnutmeg Gum Gum myrrh myrrh Whole plant Whole plant basil, citronella, basil, citronella,

lemongrasslemongrass


It is interesting to note that It is interesting to note that different oil can sometimes be different oil can sometimes be extracted from different parts of a extracted from different parts of a particular plant:particular plant:

Angelica – seed oil and root oilAngelica – seed oil and root oil Cinnamon – leaf oil and bark oilCinnamon – leaf oil and bark oil


Clove – leaf oil and bud oilClove – leaf oil and bud oil Orange tree: Orange tree:

blossom blossom neroli; neroli; fruit fruit orange; orange; leaves and twigs leaves and twigs petitgrain petitgrain

HabitatHabitat

Over 30 families of plants, with Over 30 families of plants, with some 90 species, represent the some 90 species, represent the main oil-producing group.main oil-producing group.

The majority of spices (allspice, The majority of spices (allspice, cardamon, clove, nutmeg, ginger, cardamon, clove, nutmeg, ginger, etc.) originate in tropical etc.) originate in tropical countries.countries.

HabitatHabitat

Conversely, the majority of herbs grow in Conversely, the majority of herbs grow in temperate climates (bay, cumin, dill, temperate climates (bay, cumin, dill, marjoram, fennel, lavender, rosemary, marjoram, fennel, lavender, rosemary, thyme, etc.).thyme, etc.).

The The samesame plant grown in a different plant grown in a different region and under different conditions can region and under different conditions can produce essential oils of widely diverse produce essential oils of widely diverse characteristics, which are known as characteristics, which are known as ‘‘chemotypeschemotypes’.’.

HabitatHabitat

Therefore, it is important not only to Therefore, it is important not only to know the botanical name of the plant know the botanical name of the plant from which an oil has been produced, but from which an oil has been produced, but also its place of origin and main also its place of origin and main constituents.constituents.

Main constituents of essential oilsMain constituents of essential oils

In general, essential oils consist of chemical In general, essential oils consist of chemical compounds which have hydrogen, carbon compounds which have hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as their building blocks. These and oxygen as their building blocks. These can be subdivided into two groups:can be subdivided into two groups:

Hydrocarbons – made up almost exclusively Hydrocarbons – made up almost exclusively of terpenes.of terpenes.

Oxygenated compounds – mainly alcohols, Oxygenated compounds – mainly alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, oxides and aldehydes, esters, ketones, oxides and phenols.phenols.


Acids, lactones, sulphur and nitrogen Acids, lactones, sulphur and nitrogen compounds are sometimes also present.compounds are sometimes also present.

True essential oils may only be True essential oils may only be obtained by the methods of obtained by the methods of distillation distillation or expressionor expression that preserve the life- that preserve the life-giving vital essence of the plantgiving vital essence of the plant..


Please refer to Table 1 for Please refer to Table 1 for Chemical GroupsChemical Groups

Please refer to Table 2 for Please refer to Table 2 for Aromatic Chemical Groups, Aromatic Chemical Groups,

and their Usesand their Uses

How are Essential Oils produced?How are Essential Oils produced?

Essential oils that have been extracted Essential oils that have been extracted via the process of distillation or via the process of distillation or expression are the highest grade and expression are the highest grade and purest and are most commonly used for purest and are most commonly used for the purposes of aromatherapy.the purposes of aromatherapy.

Oils obtained by solvent extraction are Oils obtained by solvent extraction are primarily used by the perfume, herbal primarily used by the perfume, herbal medicine, skincare and food industries.medicine, skincare and food industries.


Some plant materials, especially Some plant materials, especially flowers, are subject to deterioration and flowers, are subject to deterioration and so they should be processed as soon as so they should be processed as soon as possible after harvesting.possible after harvesting.

Others including seeds and roots are Others including seeds and roots are either stored or transported for either stored or transported for extraction, often to Europe or America.extraction, often to Europe or America.


The method of extraction which is The method of extraction which is employed depends on the quality of employed depends on the quality of the material which is being used, and the material which is being used, and the type of aromatic product that is the type of aromatic product that is required.required.

Steam distillation is by far the most Steam distillation is by far the most widely used and most economical widely used and most economical method. method.

Steam distillation processSteam distillation process

The plant is heated by water or steam The plant is heated by water or steam in a still which causes the cell structure in a still which causes the cell structure to rupture and frees the essential oil. to rupture and frees the essential oil.

The steam carrying the aromatic The steam carrying the aromatic molecules is cooled to produce a molecules is cooled to produce a mixture of oil and water.mixture of oil and water.

The essential oil is then separated and The essential oil is then separated and bottled.bottled.

Expression processExpression process

This method of extraction is employed This method of extraction is employed for obtaining oil from citrus fruits such for obtaining oil from citrus fruits such as bergamot, grapefruit, lemon, lime, as bergamot, grapefruit, lemon, lime, orange, mandarin and tangerine, as their orange, mandarin and tangerine, as their oil is present in the rind of the fruit.oil is present in the rind of the fruit.

The expression process was originally The expression process was originally carried out by hand, but now mechanical carried out by hand, but now mechanical presses are employed.presses are employed.

Other processesOther processes

Other processes do not yield true essential Other processes do not yield true essential oils:oils:

SolventSolvent (alcohol, benzene, hexane) (alcohol, benzene, hexane) extractionextraction which produces absolutes, which produces absolutes, concretes and resinoids.concretes and resinoids.

EnfleurageEnfleurage (infusion with fat) which (infusion with fat) which produces pomades and then enfleurage produces pomades and then enfleurage absolutes. This process is virtually obsolete absolutes. This process is virtually obsolete today.today.

Other processesOther processes

MacerationMaceration with alcohol which with alcohol which produces tinctures.produces tinctures.

Carbon dioxide extractionCarbon dioxide extraction which which employs carbon dioxide under employs carbon dioxide under extremely high pressure to extract extremely high pressure to extract essential oils.essential oils.

Other processes (latest)Other processes (latest)

Percolation (hydrodiffusion)Percolation (hydrodiffusion) whereby whereby steam at atmospheric pressure disperses steam at atmospheric pressure disperses throughout the plant material from the throughout the plant material from the top of the plant chamber.top of the plant chamber.

Turbodistillation extractionTurbodistillation extraction whereby the whereby the plants are soak in water, and steam plants are soak in water, and steam circulates through this plant-and-water circulates through this plant-and-water mixture.mixture.

Production Of Essential OilsProduction Of Essential Oils Plants contain from 0.01 to 10% essential oil Plants contain from 0.01 to 10% essential oil

content. The average amount found in most content. The average amount found in most aromatic plants is about 1 to 2%.aromatic plants is about 1 to 2%.

A 1% yield indicates that 100 kilos of plant A 1% yield indicates that 100 kilos of plant material are required to produce 1 liter of material are required to produce 1 liter of essential oil.essential oil.

It is interesting to note that the amount nature It is interesting to note that the amount nature has provided in its original plant form strongly has provided in its original plant form strongly correlates to the amounts used in correlates to the amounts used in aromatherapy applications!aromatherapy applications!

Production Of Essential OilsProduction Of Essential Oils

An oil such as the highly expensive rose An oil such as the highly expensive rose oil yields just 0.01% essential oil. No oil yields just 0.01% essential oil. No wonder it is so costly!wonder it is so costly!

Rose oil Bulgarian takes approximately Rose oil Bulgarian takes approximately 4,000 pounds of hand-picked flower 4,000 pounds of hand-picked flower petals to make 1 pound of oil, making it petals to make 1 pound of oil, making it one of the most expensive oils that can be one of the most expensive oils that can be purchased!purchased!


60,000 rose blooms are required to 60,000 rose blooms are required to produce 1 ounce of rose oil.produce 1 ounce of rose oil.

220 pounds of Lavender plant to produce 220 pounds of Lavender plant to produce 7 pounds of oil.7 pounds of oil.

400 kg of Thyme would produce 1kg of 400 kg of Thyme would produce 1kg of essential oil.essential oil.

6,000 kg of Orange blossoms to produce 6,000 kg of Orange blossoms to produce 1kg of Neroli.1kg of Neroli.


Jasmine flowers must be picked by hand Jasmine flowers must be picked by hand before the sun becomes hot on the very first before the sun becomes hot on the very first day they open. It takes eight million hand-day they open. It takes eight million hand-picked jasmine blossoms to produce 2.2 picked jasmine blossoms to produce 2.2 pounds of oil! That is why, it is also one of pounds of oil! That is why, it is also one of the most expensive oils on the market.the most expensive oils on the market.

Sandalwood tree must be thirty years old Sandalwood tree must be thirty years old and thirty feet high before it is cut down for and thirty feet high before it is cut down for distillation.distillation.

How do Essential Oils work?How do Essential Oils work?

Essential oils enter the body by two main Essential oils enter the body by two main routes – the nose and the skin.routes – the nose and the skin.

They enter and leave the body efficiently, They enter and leave the body efficiently, leaving no toxins behind.leaving no toxins behind.

Essential oils are taken directly into the blood Essential oils are taken directly into the blood stream; they have a positive effect on blood stream; they have a positive effect on blood circulation, helping to bring oxygen and circulation, helping to bring oxygen and nutrients to the tissues whilst assisting in the nutrients to the tissues whilst assisting in the disposal of carbon dioxide and other waste disposal of carbon dioxide and other waste materials .materials .

Nose-brain connectionNose-brain connection

The olfactory system, the nose-brain The olfactory system, the nose-brain association, is the most direct association, is the most direct connection we have with the connection we have with the environment or nature.environment or nature.

We smell with every breath we take, We smell with every breath we take, constantly monitoring the world around constantly monitoring the world around us, although we are not always us, although we are not always conscious that we are doing so.conscious that we are doing so.


Our sense of smell is – approximately Our sense of smell is – approximately 10,000 times more sensitive than any 10,000 times more sensitive than any other sensory organ we possess.other sensory organ we possess.

Our nose-brain connection is very Our nose-brain connection is very powerful. When we inhale an essential powerful. When we inhale an essential oil it affects the limbic part of our brain oil it affects the limbic part of our brain which is where our emotions and mood which is where our emotions and mood functions are seated.functions are seated.

The Power of our NOSEThe Power of our NOSE


Aromas and memories are very Aromas and memories are very strongly linked.strongly linked.

Perhaps the smell of lavender will Perhaps the smell of lavender will remind you of your favourite remind you of your favourite grandmother (grandmother (or the grandmother or the grandmother you were not particularly fond of you were not particularly fond of !)!)


Whenever a smell, such as freshly Whenever a smell, such as freshly baked bread, freshly ground coffee baked bread, freshly ground coffee or a perfume that your mother or a perfume that your mother wore, may evokes a memory.wore, may evokes a memory.

All the above happenings are All the above happenings are because of the nose-brain because of the nose-brain connection.connection.

Refresh - MemoryRefresh - Memory

Absorption through the skinAbsorption through the skin

Our skin (our largest organ) is designed to let Our skin (our largest organ) is designed to let some substances in and to keep others out. some substances in and to keep others out. Essential oils, unlike many other substances, Essential oils, unlike many other substances, are able to penetrate through the skin (via are able to penetrate through the skin (via pores and hair follicles) because of their small pores and hair follicles) because of their small molecules.molecules.

Essential oils are absorbed into the Essential oils are absorbed into the bloodstream from where they may be bloodstream from where they may be transported to any organs or structures where transported to any organs or structures where they are needed.they are needed.


Poor circulation, thick toughened skin, Poor circulation, thick toughened skin, or excessive cellulite or fat may slow or excessive cellulite or fat may slow down the rate of absorption.down the rate of absorption.

Whereas heat (e.g. sauna or massage), Whereas heat (e.g. sauna or massage), water (e.g. aromatic bath), aerobic water (e.g. aromatic bath), aerobic exercise, and broken or damaged skin exercise, and broken or damaged skin will cause increased absorption.will cause increased absorption.


Also, the carrier oil used may affect Also, the carrier oil used may affect the absorption rate, since some the absorption rate, since some vegetable oils are heavier than vegetable oils are heavier than others.others.

It takes anywhere from 15 minutes It takes anywhere from 15 minutes to 12 hours for essential oils to be to 12 hours for essential oils to be fully absorbed. fully absorbed.


It takes about 3 to 6 hours to expel or It takes about 3 to 6 hours to expel or metabolize them in a normal healthy metabolize them in a normal healthy body, and up to 12 to 14 hours for an body, and up to 12 to 14 hours for an unhealthy, obese body.unhealthy, obese body.

One factor that will make this time One factor that will make this time interval variable is the condition of interval variable is the condition of the skin.the skin.

Method of excretionsMethod of excretions

Unlike synthetic chemicals or drugs, Unlike synthetic chemicals or drugs, essential oils do not accumulate in the essential oils do not accumulate in the body.body.

Essential oils are then excreted in the Essential oils are then excreted in the urine, faeces or via our perspiration or urine, faeces or via our perspiration or our breath.our breath.

If you find this difficult to believe, then If you find this difficult to believe, then do this experiment:do this experiment:


EXPERIMENTEXPERIMENT Rub a freshly cut clove of garlic on Rub a freshly cut clove of garlic on

the sole of your foot. After about 15 to the sole of your foot. After about 15 to 30 minutes, you (or your partner) will 30 minutes, you (or your partner) will detect the smell of garlic on your detect the smell of garlic on your breath!breath!

The method of excretion differs among The method of excretion differs among oils.oils.


Juniper and Sandalwood are excreted Juniper and Sandalwood are excreted through the urine, as their aroma can be through the urine, as their aroma can be detected there.detected there.

Geranium, which assists in increasing Geranium, which assists in increasing circulatory functions, is detected in the circulatory functions, is detected in the perspiration.perspiration.

Garlic, if you eat a lot of Italian food, will Garlic, if you eat a lot of Italian food, will exit the body through our breath.exit the body through our breath.


Essential oils basically have a low Essential oils basically have a low potential to be physically habit-forming potential to be physically habit-forming because they are eliminated extremely because they are eliminated extremely quickly through the skin and organs.quickly through the skin and organs.

Hence, there is no residual or Hence, there is no residual or accumulative effect to withdraw from accumulative effect to withdraw from or become ‘addicted’ to.or become ‘addicted’ to.

Modes of actionModes of action

It is important to recognize that It is important to recognize that essential oils have three distinct modes essential oils have three distinct modes of action with regard to how they inter-of action with regard to how they inter-relate with the human body:relate with the human body:PharmacologicalPharmacologicalPhysiologicalPhysiologicalPsychologicalPsychological


The The pharmacologicalpharmacological effect is concerned effect is concerned with the chemical changes which take with the chemical changes which take place when an essential oil enters the place when an essential oil enters the bloodstream and reacts with the hormones bloodstream and reacts with the hormones and enzymes, etc.and enzymes, etc.

The The physiologicalphysiological mode is concerned with mode is concerned with the way in which an essential oil affects the way in which an essential oil affects the systems of the body, whether they are the systems of the body, whether they are sedated or stimulated, etc.sedated or stimulated, etc.


The The psychologicalpsychological effect takes place when effect takes place when an essence is inhaled, and an individual an essence is inhaled, and an individual responds to its odor. responds to its odor.

With relation to the first two points, With relation to the first two points, Aromatherapy has a great deal in common Aromatherapy has a great deal in common with the tradition of medical herbalism or with the tradition of medical herbalism or phytotherapy. In fact, these two forms of phytotherapy. In fact, these two forms of therapy are not synonymous, but therapy are not synonymous, but complementary.complementary.

SereneSerene

What is not Aromatherapy?What is not Aromatherapy?

The practice of using essences that did The practice of using essences that did not originate from an aromatic plant that not originate from an aromatic plant that was once alive is was once alive is notnot Aromatherapy. Aromatherapy.

95% of the products sold as 95% of the products sold as aromatherapy are counterfeits – aromatherapy are counterfeits – pseudo-pseudo-aromatherapy.aromatherapy. Their aromas derive Their aromas derive from synthetic scents, and they offer no from synthetic scents, and they offer no therapeutic value whatsoever.therapeutic value whatsoever.

What is not Aromatherapy?What is not Aromatherapy?

True Aromatherapy True Aromatherapy nevernever uses uses synthetic aromatic substances.synthetic aromatic substances.

Pseudo-aromatherapy relies on Pseudo-aromatherapy relies on synthetic petrochemicals that merely synthetic petrochemicals that merely smell but have no healing qualities. smell but have no healing qualities. Simply having an aroma doesn’t Simply having an aroma doesn’t make something Aromatherapy.make something Aromatherapy.

Pseudo-aromatherapyPseudo-aromatherapy Everyday, thousands of consumers Everyday, thousands of consumers

unknowingly purchase pseudo-unknowingly purchase pseudo-aromatherapy products as mass marketers aromatherapy products as mass marketers strive to gain a greater market share of strive to gain a greater market share of the Aromatherapy ‘trend’. the Aromatherapy ‘trend’.

Mass marketers have corrupted the Mass marketers have corrupted the category and robbed the word category and robbed the word ‘A‘Aromatherapy’romatherapy’ of its original meaning of its original meaning and its authenticity.and its authenticity.

Pseudo-aromatherapyPseudo-aromatherapy

In their confusion, and through misplaced In their confusion, and through misplaced trust, millions of people mistakenly trust, millions of people mistakenly purchase ‘Aromatherapy’ products they purchase ‘Aromatherapy’ products they believe will improve their health and well-believe will improve their health and well-being.being.

These petrochemical impostors possess the These petrochemical impostors possess the potential to seriously harm the health of potential to seriously harm the health of the people who seek healing from them.the people who seek healing from them.

Natural versus ‘Nature Identical’Natural versus ‘Nature Identical’

Many perfumes or oils, once Many perfumes or oils, once obtained from flowers like Carnation, obtained from flowers like Carnation, Gardenia and Lilac, are nowadays Gardenia and Lilac, are nowadays produced almost entirely produced almost entirely synthetically. synthetically.

These chemically constructed These chemically constructed products are called ‘nature identical’.products are called ‘nature identical’.


However, the so-called ‘nature However, the so-called ‘nature identical’ products and the naturally identical’ products and the naturally occurring substances are of an occurring substances are of an entirely different character, which is entirely different character, which is reflected in their relative costsreflected in their relative costs

The synthetic types are much cheaper The synthetic types are much cheaper to produce than the genuine ones.to produce than the genuine ones.


Most ‘nature identical’ oils are Most ‘nature identical’ oils are said to be only about 96% pure or said to be only about 96% pure or accurate.accurate.

Yet it is the remaining 4%, the Yet it is the remaining 4%, the trace elements (found in natural trace elements (found in natural aromatic oils) that often really aromatic oils) that often really define a particular fragrance or define a particular fragrance or odor.odor.


It is also the specific combination of It is also the specific combination of constituents in a real essential oil, constituents in a real essential oil, including the trace elements, which including the trace elements, which give it value therapeutically. give it value therapeutically.

For e.g., Rose has over 300 different For e.g., Rose has over 300 different constituents, some of which have not constituents, some of which have not yet been identified. Which is why yet been identified. Which is why synthetic Rose oil is unconvincing.synthetic Rose oil is unconvincing.


‘‘Nature identical’ oils cannot be used Nature identical’ oils cannot be used therapeutically as substitutes for the therapeutically as substitutes for the naturally occurring aromatic naturally occurring aromatic materials. materials.

It is because the subtle balance of It is because the subtle balance of constituents is lost and they lack the constituents is lost and they lack the vital ‘life force’ of oils of natural vital ‘life force’ of oils of natural origin.origin.


Many, if not all, Aromatherapists Many, if not all, Aromatherapists believe the ‘whole’ or entire believe the ‘whole’ or entire essential oil in its natural form essential oil in its natural form should be used to insure its greatest should be used to insure its greatest therapeutic value. therapeutic value.

Otherwise, one increases the risk of Otherwise, one increases the risk of toxicity!toxicity!

Pure or Adulterated?Pure or Adulterated?

The terms ‘pure’ or ‘natural’ when The terms ‘pure’ or ‘natural’ when applied to an oil refer to its authenticity. applied to an oil refer to its authenticity. They promise that the product is both They promise that the product is both unadulterated and derived from the actual unadulterated and derived from the actual botanical species for which it is named. botanical species for which it is named.

Oils are adulterated for many reasons, Oils are adulterated for many reasons, including world demand, availability and including world demand, availability and cost. cost.


Rare and expensive oils are the most Rare and expensive oils are the most likely candidates for adulteration. likely candidates for adulteration.

"Quality" refers to the degree of "Quality" refers to the degree of excellence or the grade of an oil. excellence or the grade of an oil.

Quality can be affected by the methods Quality can be affected by the methods under which the plant source was under which the plant source was grown and picked, and its oils were grown and picked, and its oils were extracted and processed. extracted and processed.

Pure or Adulterated?Pure or Adulterated? Genuine and authentic essential oils Genuine and authentic essential oils

are the most therapeutic and will have are the most therapeutic and will have a fuller, sweeter, and milder character. a fuller, sweeter, and milder character. Therefore, very little is needed, Therefore, very little is needed, justifying the higher cost.justifying the higher cost.

When using a cheaper, perhaps When using a cheaper, perhaps adulterated oil, you naturally increase adulterated oil, you naturally increase your risks considerably!your risks considerably!


It is possible to assess the purity of It is possible to assess the purity of individual essences using high-tech individual essences using high-tech methods such as Gas-Liquid methods such as Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC). Chromatography (GLC).

With GLC analysis, there is a good With GLC analysis, there is a good chance that any adulteration of the oil can chance that any adulteration of the oil can be discovered. Because each essential oil be discovered. Because each essential oil has it’s own unique ‘fingerprint’.has it’s own unique ‘fingerprint’.

Adulterated OilsAdulterated Oils

Fractionated / Rectified / Redistilled Fractionated / Rectified / Redistilled OilsOils: Some oils are double/triple distilled : Some oils are double/triple distilled to remove "undesirable" constituents. to remove "undesirable" constituents.

Though this may be useful in some Though this may be useful in some situations (terpeneless citrus oils keep situations (terpeneless citrus oils keep longer; redistilled eucalyptus or longer; redistilled eucalyptus or peppermint smells more pleasant), but peppermint smells more pleasant), but many consumers want, and need, whole many consumers want, and need, whole oils for therapeutic purposes.oils for therapeutic purposes.


Extended OilsExtended Oils:: Often, less-expensive Often, less-expensive oils or synthetic ‘filler’ are added to oils or synthetic ‘filler’ are added to expensive ones.expensive ones.

Rose oil is often extended with the Rose oil is often extended with the natural compound geraniol, found in the natural compound geraniol, found in the Geranium (or other plants), which has a Geranium (or other plants), which has a distinctive rose-like scent.distinctive rose-like scent.

Sometimes essential oils are diluted with Sometimes essential oils are diluted with a vegetable oil (e.g. jojoba) or alcohol.a vegetable oil (e.g. jojoba) or alcohol.


Reconstructed OilsReconstructed Oils: Sometimes individual : Sometimes individual constituents (may be fractions of other constituents (may be fractions of other essential oils) are combined to match the essential oils) are combined to match the major constituents found in essential oils. major constituents found in essential oils.

Example is a reconstructed Thyme, which Example is a reconstructed Thyme, which might consist of carvacrol, thymol and might consist of carvacrol, thymol and linalol - all components found naturally in linalol - all components found naturally in Thyme, but derived from other natural, or Thyme, but derived from other natural, or perhaps synthetic, sources.perhaps synthetic, sources.


Reconstituted OilsReconstituted Oils: There are also oils that : There are also oils that have had natural or synthetic chemical have had natural or synthetic chemical components added to them after distillation.components added to them after distillation.

Co-distilled OilsCo-distilled Oils: 1) Putting two different : 1) Putting two different plants or plant parts in the still and steaming plants or plant parts in the still and steaming them together to produce one oil; 2) Adding them together to produce one oil; 2) Adding an essential oil to plant material and an essential oil to plant material and distilling them together, again producing distilling them together, again producing one oil. one oil.

Follow your NoseFollow your Nose

If all these adulterations can be If all these adulterations can be overwhelmingly confusing, it's comforting overwhelmingly confusing, it's comforting to know that your own to know that your own NoseNose can be your can be your best resource. best resource.

Preference in odor is a personal thing, but Preference in odor is a personal thing, but people can train their noses to detect the people can train their noses to detect the differences between real and synthetic oils differences between real and synthetic oils and, to some extent, variations of quality.and, to some extent, variations of quality.

Follow your NoseFollow your Nose Please check in the CD forPlease check in the CD for

Assesing Essential Oils At Assesing Essential Oils At HomeHome

An article from AGORA An article from AGORA (Aromatherapy Global (Aromatherapy Global Online Research Archives)Online Research Archives)

Guidelines When Using Essential OilsGuidelines When Using Essential Oils

Essential oils are highly concentrated plant Essential oils are highly concentrated plant constituents possessing potent medicinal and constituents possessing potent medicinal and cosmetic qualities. The best way to use them is cosmetic qualities. The best way to use them is in diluted form.in diluted form.

There are some that are skin irritants, There are some that are skin irritants, phototoxic or abortive. Therefore, use with phototoxic or abortive. Therefore, use with care.care.

When a very high quality essential oil is used, When a very high quality essential oil is used, less of it is needed to obtain the desired effect.less of it is needed to obtain the desired effect.

Guidelines When Using Essential OilsGuidelines When Using Essential Oils More is not better. On the contrary, it can More is not better. On the contrary, it can

produce the opposite effect. For example, produce the opposite effect. For example, Lavender oil can cause restlessness, Lavender oil can cause restlessness, agitation, and insomnia if too much is agitation, and insomnia if too much is used rather than relaxation.used rather than relaxation.

The difference in the effect between one The difference in the effect between one drop and two drops can be substantial. It drop and two drops can be substantial. It is important to follow the dosages is important to follow the dosages recommended.recommended.

Less is OKLess is OK

Guidelines When Using Essential OilsGuidelines When Using Essential Oils

There are several essential oils that are There are several essential oils that are skin ‘friendly’ like Lavender and Tea skin ‘friendly’ like Lavender and Tea Tree. These two oils can be used Tree. These two oils can be used ‘straight’ or ‘neat,’ which means you can ‘straight’ or ‘neat,’ which means you can put these directly on your skin without put these directly on your skin without diluting them. diluting them.

However, they are an exception, not the However, they are an exception, not the rule. Most essential oils you rule. Most essential oils you mustmust dilute dilute to use.to use.

General CautionsGeneral Cautions

Keep out reach of children.Keep out reach of children. Avoid using essential oils near eyes Avoid using essential oils near eyes

and other sensitive areas.and other sensitive areas. Always read the precautions on the Always read the precautions on the

bottle before using.bottle before using. Use only 100% pure essential oils.Use only 100% pure essential oils.


Do not take internally. Use essential Do not take internally. Use essential oils only externally, unless under oils only externally, unless under expert guidance.expert guidance.

If one suffers from any skin or any If one suffers from any skin or any other allergies, use oils carefully.other allergies, use oils carefully.

Be aware of contra-indications & Be aware of contra-indications & precautions.precautions.


Always test oils on a skin patch first, Always test oils on a skin patch first, especially if you have sensitive skin or especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies.allergies.

Skin that had any photo toxic essential Skin that had any photo toxic essential oils applied to, should not be exposed to oils applied to, should not be exposed to UV rays for at least 4 hours.UV rays for at least 4 hours.

Less is plenty. When in doubt, use less, Less is plenty. When in doubt, use less, not more.not more.


Essential oils are flammable, but will Essential oils are flammable, but will not self-combust. Keep oils away from not self-combust. Keep oils away from any naked flame.any naked flame.

Never use an essential oil about which Never use an essential oil about which you can find little or no information.you can find little or no information.

Do not use essential oils on newborn Do not use essential oils on newborn babies.babies.


Never use neat on the skin, unless Never use neat on the skin, unless under special circumstances. Dilute oils under special circumstances. Dilute oils as recommended.as recommended.

Always consult with your healthcare Always consult with your healthcare professional before starting professional before starting any therapies with essential oils.any therapies with essential oils.

Cap essential oil bottles tightly. Cap essential oil bottles tightly. Essential oils evaporate rapidly.Essential oils evaporate rapidly.


Use glass bottles for undiluted Use glass bottles for undiluted essential oils.essential oils.

Discontinue using any oil that causes Discontinue using any oil that causes irritation, sensitivity, or an irritation, sensitivity, or an unpleasant reaction.unpleasant reaction.

Wash your hands after using essential Wash your hands after using essential oils, especially before you eat.oils, especially before you eat.

Special CautionsSpecial Cautions

Avoid the following essential oils during Avoid the following essential oils during pregnancy: Basil, Cedarwood, Clary Sage, pregnancy: Basil, Cedarwood, Clary Sage, Clove Bud, Cypress, Fennel, Jasmine, Clove Bud, Cypress, Fennel, Jasmine, Juniper, Lemongrass, Marjoram, Peppermint, Juniper, Lemongrass, Marjoram, Peppermint, Rosemary, Sage, Thyme. For other oils, use Rosemary, Sage, Thyme. For other oils, use only in half the usual stated amount.only in half the usual stated amount.

If prone to epilepsy, do not use Fennel, If prone to epilepsy, do not use Fennel, Hyssop, Rosemary or Sage as there is a Hyssop, Rosemary or Sage as there is a remote chance that these essences may remote chance that these essences may trigger an attack.trigger an attack.


The following oils should not be used The following oils should not be used on sensitive skins: Basil, Fennel, on sensitive skins: Basil, Fennel, Lemongrass, Lemon, Lemon Verbena, Lemongrass, Lemon, Lemon Verbena, Melissa, Orange, Peppermint, Thyme.Melissa, Orange, Peppermint, Thyme.

If having to drive a long distance after If having to drive a long distance after a massage, do not use Clary Sage, a massage, do not use Clary Sage, Marjoram or Ylang Ylang – they can Marjoram or Ylang Ylang – they can cause drowsiness.cause drowsiness.


Some oils can cause photo-sensitization of Some oils can cause photo-sensitization of the skin, increasing the risk of sunburn. the skin, increasing the risk of sunburn. These include Angelica (root), Bergamot, These include Angelica (root), Bergamot, Bitter Orange, Cumin, Ginger, Lemon, Bitter Orange, Cumin, Ginger, Lemon, Lemon Verbena, Lime, Mandarin, Orange Lemon Verbena, Lime, Mandarin, Orange and Tangerine. They can cause unsightly and Tangerine. They can cause unsightly pigmentation.pigmentation.

Clary Sage should not be used while Clary Sage should not be used while drinking alcohol.drinking alcohol.


Never mix essential oils with water. Never mix essential oils with water. Essential oils are not water soluble. If they Essential oils are not water soluble. If they burn a little or you get them in your eyes burn a little or you get them in your eyes by accident, always dilute with any pure by accident, always dilute with any pure vegetable oil. Do not add water as water vegetable oil. Do not add water as water drives the oils in deeper, creating more drives the oils in deeper, creating more skin irritation. skin irritation.

Hops should not be used by anyone Hops should not be used by anyone suffering from depression.suffering from depression.

Special CautionsSpecial Cautions Avoid Cypress, Hyssop, Rosemary, Sage Avoid Cypress, Hyssop, Rosemary, Sage

(all types) and Thyme oil if there is any (all types) and Thyme oil if there is any possibility of high blood pressure or possibility of high blood pressure or kidney disease.kidney disease.

Homeopathic treatment is not compatible Homeopathic treatment is not compatible with the following oils: Black Pepper, with the following oils: Black Pepper, Camphor, Eucalyptus and the ‘mint’ oils Camphor, Eucalyptus and the ‘mint’ oils as they may weaken or cancel out the as they may weaken or cancel out the effects of homeopathic remedies.effects of homeopathic remedies.

Mixing and using safelyMixing and using safely

Always wash your hands before and after Always wash your hands before and after using essential oils.using essential oils.

Make sure you are in a well ventilated area.Make sure you are in a well ventilated area. Mix away from other people who is Mix away from other people who is

around.around. Lavender and Tea tree are the only oils that Lavender and Tea tree are the only oils that

can be applied directly on to the skin can be applied directly on to the skin undiluted. Always skin test first.undiluted. Always skin test first.


Use small quantities for babies, small Use small quantities for babies, small children and the elderly.children and the elderly.

Handle oils carefully to prevent contact Handle oils carefully to prevent contact with skin and cross-contamination.with skin and cross-contamination.

Keep out of contact with the eyes.Keep out of contact with the eyes. Avoid prolonged or excessive Avoid prolonged or excessive

exposure.exposure.


Take frequent breaks.Take frequent breaks. If prescribing oils for another person's If prescribing oils for another person's

home use, ensure that they understand home use, ensure that they understand the instructions for use.the instructions for use.

Keep accurate records of treatment Keep accurate records of treatment and blends.and blends.

Use recommended dilution at all Use recommended dilution at all times.times.

How to use Essential Oils?How to use Essential Oils?

Aromatherapy can also be applied safely by Aromatherapy can also be applied safely by massaging blended essential oils to the whole massaging blended essential oils to the whole body. body.

Carefully chosen and blended essential oils, Carefully chosen and blended essential oils, used with massage and skilful relaxation used with massage and skilful relaxation techniques, are a major part of an techniques, are a major part of an Aromatherapy treatment and can produce a Aromatherapy treatment and can produce a range of benefits. range of benefits.

Other methods of application include Other methods of application include ointments, creams, lotions and compresses, etc. ointments, creams, lotions and compresses, etc.

How to use Essential Oils ?How to use Essential Oils ?

Since essential oils are highly concentrated Since essential oils are highly concentrated fluid substances, they are rarely used in an fluid substances, they are rarely used in an undiluted form. Before application, oils are undiluted form. Before application, oils are first blended with a carrier oil (any pure, cold first blended with a carrier oil (any pure, cold pressed plant oil). pressed plant oil).

This blending dilutes the essential oils so that This blending dilutes the essential oils so that they are safe, and also helps to slow down the they are safe, and also helps to slow down the rate of evaporation, to spread them evenly, rate of evaporation, to spread them evenly, and to increase their absorption into the skin.and to increase their absorption into the skin.

Methods of applicationMethods of application

Baths: Baths: Aromatic bath (Your Personal Spa)Aromatic bath (Your Personal Spa) Epsom salts bathEpsom salts bath Foot and Hand bathFoot and Hand bath JacuzziJacuzzi SaunaSauna Shower (Aromatic)Shower (Aromatic) Sitz bath (Alternate hot and cold)Sitz bath (Alternate hot and cold)

Aromatic BathAromatic Bath

Foot BathFoot Bath


Aromatic ointmentAromatic ointment Cleaning Cleaning Creams / Lotions / GelsCreams / Lotions / Gels CompressesCompresses Facial steamFacial steam First aidFirst aid Gargles and MouthwashesGargles and Mouthwashes

Aromatherapy ProductsAromatherapy Products


Inhalation / Diffusion / Environmental Inhalation / Diffusion / Environmental fragrancing / Vaporizationfragrancing / Vaporization CandleCandle Car Aromatherapy diffuserCar Aromatherapy diffuser Ceramic / Clay / Glass / Metal Ceramic / Clay / Glass / Metal

Vaporizer or BurnerVaporizer or Burner Electric pottery diffuserElectric pottery diffuser

Aromatherapy CandlesAromatherapy Candles

Car Aromatherapy DiffuserCar Aromatherapy Diffuser

Vaporizer / BurnerVaporizer / Burner


Handkerchief Handkerchief HumidifierHumidifier Lamp / Light-bulb ringLamp / Light-bulb ring Nebulizer (electronic glass diffuser)Nebulizer (electronic glass diffuser) Room spray / Mist spray / AtomizerRoom spray / Mist spray / Atomizer Tissue paper Tissue paper

Glass Nebulizer / DiffuserGlass Nebulizer / Diffuser


Ultrasonic Aromatherapy diffuserUltrasonic Aromatherapy diffuser Water bowl Water bowl

MassageMassage Natural perfumesNatural perfumes Neat applicationNeat application Powders (rice or corn flour - for foot Powders (rice or corn flour - for foot

and body)and body)

Ultrasonic Aromatherapy DiffuserUltrasonic Aromatherapy Diffuser

Using Diffuser during MeditationUsing Diffuser during Meditation

Massage OilMassage Oil


Please refer to:Please refer to: Table 3 for Methods of Table 3 for Methods of

ApplicationsApplications Table 4 for Using Essential OilsTable 4 for Using Essential Oils

Which oil to use?Which oil to use?

Please refer to Table 5 forPlease refer to Table 5 for Which Oil To Use?Which Oil To Use?

How can you benefit from essential oils?How can you benefit from essential oils?

Each essential oil has unique properties Each essential oil has unique properties which can be used to relieve stress, stimulate which can be used to relieve stress, stimulate body processes such as elimination or body processes such as elimination or circulation, ease painful muscular tensions circulation, ease painful muscular tensions and generally give the recipient a heightened and generally give the recipient a heightened feeling of well-being.feeling of well-being.

People have described having calming, People have described having calming, cheering, soothing or uplifting experiences.cheering, soothing or uplifting experiences.

RelaxationRelaxation


Emotion based benefitsEmotion based benefits AnxietyAnxiety Depression Depression Fear Fear Frustration Frustration GriefGrief HopelessnessHopelessness Hysteria Hysteria InsomniaInsomnia

Anxiety / Depression?Anxiety / Depression?


Emotion based benefitsEmotion based benefits Irritability Irritability Lack of ConcentrationLack of Concentration Moodiness Moodiness Nervous TensionNervous Tension Panic Attacks Panic Attacks Poor MemoryPoor Memory Sadness Sadness WorryWorry

Release nervous tensionRelease nervous tension


Medicinal benefitsMedicinal benefits Bruises / Sprains / StrainsBruises / Sprains / Strains Burns (including sunburn) Burns (including sunburn) Digestive disorders such as Constipation Digestive disorders such as Constipation Enhance wound healingEnhance wound healing FatigueFatigue Fungal infections such as athletes foot and Fungal infections such as athletes foot and

nail fungus nail fungus


Medicinal benefitsMedicinal benefits Motion SicknessMotion Sickness Muscular aches and painsMuscular aches and pains Nervousness / Tension / Stress Nervousness / Tension / Stress Purifying the AirPurifying the Air Reduce skin inflammationReduce skin inflammation Respiratory Conditions including colds, flu, Respiratory Conditions including colds, flu,

sore throat, asthma and bronchitissore throat, asthma and bronchitis Wounds and ScarsWounds and Scars


Skincare benefitsSkincare benefits Acne Acne Antifungal activityAntifungal activity Antibacterial activityAntibacterial activity Cellulite Cellulite DermatitisDermatitis Dry SkinDry Skin


Skincare benefitsSkincare benefits EczemaEczema Enhanced wound healingEnhanced wound healing Mature SkinMature Skin Psoriasis Psoriasis Stretch MarksStretch Marks Varicose Veins Varicose Veins WrinklesWrinkles

Actions of essential oilsActions of essential oils

Adrenal stimulants – for stress-Adrenal stimulants – for stress-related exhaustion Analgesic.related exhaustion Analgesic.

Antibiotics and bactericidals – Antibiotics and bactericidals – for fighting bacterial infection. for fighting bacterial infection.

Antiseptic – almost all are Antiseptic – almost all are antiseptic.antiseptic.


Anti-depressants – for uplifting the Anti-depressants – for uplifting the spirits. spirits.

Anti-diabetics or Hypoglycaemics – for Anti-diabetics or Hypoglycaemics – for helping to balance blood-sugar levels.helping to balance blood-sugar levels.

Anti-inflammatory – helpful for skin Anti-inflammatory – helpful for skin rashes and wounds; as well as helping rashes and wounds; as well as helping to reduce pain and inflammation in to reduce pain and inflammation in arthritic joints.arthritic joints.


Anti-fungal – for combating fungal Anti-fungal – for combating fungal infections. infections.

Anti-Galactogogues – for reducing Anti-Galactogogues – for reducing mother’s milk flow. mother’s milk flow.

Anti-rheumatics- preventing and Anti-rheumatics- preventing and relieving rheumatic problems.relieving rheumatic problems.

Aperitifs – stimulate the appetite.Aperitifs – stimulate the appetite.


Anti-virals – for protecting against and Anti-virals – for protecting against and helping to reduce serious complications helping to reduce serious complications of viral infections such as colds, coughs of viral infections such as colds, coughs and flu.and flu.

Anti-spasmodics – relax spasms in the Anti-spasmodics – relax spasms in the bronchial tubes; and for spasm and pain.bronchial tubes; and for spasm and pain.

Balance thyroid secretion – for balancing Balance thyroid secretion – for balancing excessive secretions of thyroxine.excessive secretions of thyroxine.


Carminatives and stomachics – for Carminatives and stomachics – for flatulence and nausea.flatulence and nausea.

Cicatrisant - stimulates the growth of Cicatrisant - stimulates the growth of healthy skin cells.healthy skin cells.

Cholagogues – for stimulating the Cholagogues – for stimulating the gall-bladder, and thus the flow of gall-bladder, and thus the flow of bile.bile.


Contain oestrogen-like substances – to help Contain oestrogen-like substances – to help menopausal symptoms. menopausal symptoms.

Contain Phyto-Steroids – substances that Contain Phyto-Steroids – substances that are said to resemble the male and female are said to resemble the male and female sex hormones are found in frankincense and sex hormones are found in frankincense and myrrh. myrrh.

Cytophylactics – for increasing the activity Cytophylactics – for increasing the activity of white blood cells which help in our of white blood cells which help in our defense against infection.defense against infection.


Depuratives – for helping to combat Depuratives – for helping to combat impurities in the blood and organs.impurities in the blood and organs.

Detoxifying agents - help to detoxify the Detoxifying agents - help to detoxify the system of metabolic wastes.system of metabolic wastes.

Deodorant – helpful for excessive Deodorant – helpful for excessive perspiration.perspiration.

Diaphoretics or Febrifuges - induce Diaphoretics or Febrifuges - induce sweating, and thus reduce fever.sweating, and thus reduce fever.


Emmenagogues – for inducing menstruation Emmenagogues – for inducing menstruation and or normalizing menstrual flow.and or normalizing menstrual flow.

Expectorants - promote the removal of Expectorants - promote the removal of mucus. mucus.

Galactogogues – for stimulating the flow of Galactogogues – for stimulating the flow of mother’s milk.mother’s milk.

Hepatics – for strengthening, toning and Hepatics – for strengthening, toning and stimulating the secretive functions of the stimulating the secretive functions of the liver.liver.


Hormone influencing – for a broad Hormone influencing – for a broad spectrum of problems associated with spectrum of problems associated with the female reproductive system.the female reproductive system.

Hypertensives – stimulate the Hypertensives – stimulate the circulation.circulation.

Hypotensives – lower high blood Hypotensives – lower high blood pressure.pressure.


Hypnotics – specifics for inducing sleep.Hypnotics – specifics for inducing sleep. Insect repellent – to repel insects.Insect repellent – to repel insects. Nervines – strengthen and tone the Nervines – strengthen and tone the

nervous system.nervous system. ‘‘Normalizing’ – for stimulating or Normalizing’ – for stimulating or

relaxing, depending on the state of the relaxing, depending on the state of the individual. individual.

Actions of essential oilsActions of essential oils Parasiticides – prevents and destroys Parasiticides – prevents and destroys

parasites.parasites. Rubefacients – by stimulating the Rubefacients – by stimulating the

periphery circulation, the blood supply periphery circulation, the blood supply will be increased to the affected areas, will be increased to the affected areas, which in turn relieves congestion and which in turn relieves congestion and inflammation.inflammation.

Sedatives – for calming a jangled nervous Sedatives – for calming a jangled nervous system.system.


Stimulants – to help restore energy Stimulants – to help restore energy levels depleted through illness or levels depleted through illness or nervous fatigue.nervous fatigue.

Tonics and Astringents – strengthen Tonics and Astringents – strengthen and tone the whole system.and tone the whole system.

Uterine tonics – for toning and Uterine tonics – for toning and regulating the female reproductive regulating the female reproductive system, and for excessive menstruation.system, and for excessive menstruation.


Vermifuges – for expelling intestinal Vermifuges – for expelling intestinal worms.worms.

Vulneraries – for helping to heal Vulneraries – for helping to heal wounds.wounds.

Please refer to Appendix 1 for Please refer to Appendix 1 for Glossary of Medical Terms.Glossary of Medical Terms.

Detoxification problemsDetoxification problems

Many people have reported that when Many people have reported that when applying too many different oils or too applying too many different oils or too much of one oil, the body any be subjected much of one oil, the body any be subjected to a cleansing response which can cause to a cleansing response which can cause headaches, rashes, nausea, burning, headaches, rashes, nausea, burning, diarrhea, etc. diarrhea, etc.

Should this occur, simply reduce the Should this occur, simply reduce the amount of oil used and the number of times amount of oil used and the number of times applied and drink plenty of purified water. applied and drink plenty of purified water.


If you have used liberal amounts, of If you have used liberal amounts, of cosmetics, shampoos, perms, hair coloring, cosmetics, shampoos, perms, hair coloring, hair sprays, deodorants; or products hair sprays, deodorants; or products containing chemicals, petrochemicals and containing chemicals, petrochemicals and many synthetic ingredients, you may have many synthetic ingredients, you may have an unpleasant cleansing experience. an unpleasant cleansing experience.

When using pure essential oils, some people When using pure essential oils, some people experience the release of stored toxins experience the release of stored toxins through the skin, especially on the face and through the skin, especially on the face and neck area.neck area.


You may even want to consider an internal You may even want to consider an internal cleansing program before continuing to use cleansing program before continuing to use the oils.the oils.

For this reason, you should always start with For this reason, you should always start with 1-2 drops of oil diluted with 1/2 tsp. of 1-2 drops of oil diluted with 1/2 tsp. of carrier oil. carrier oil.

Rarely is there a problem, but it is best to be Rarely is there a problem, but it is best to be cautious until you see how your body cautious until you see how your body responds.responds.

PregnancyPregnancy

What a beautiful time for a woman to indulge! What a beautiful time for a woman to indulge! This is an important time for mother and baby This is an important time for mother and baby to be as healthy as possible.to be as healthy as possible.

After the first four months of the pregnancy, After the first four months of the pregnancy, essential oils can be used to enhance the essential oils can be used to enhance the feeling of wellbeing.feeling of wellbeing.

During pregnancy, the body changes are so During pregnancy, the body changes are so rapid that after the first four months, the rapid that after the first four months, the benefits of Aromatherapy Massage are benefits of Aromatherapy Massage are enormous, both physically and emotionally. enormous, both physically and emotionally.

Pregnancy Pregnancy

During pregnancy, there are some essential During pregnancy, there are some essential oils oils definitely notdefinitely not to be used. Because some to be used. Because some essential oils can relax muscles, stimulate essential oils can relax muscles, stimulate contractions, or possibly get to the baby. (See contractions, or possibly get to the baby. (See Table 6 & 7)Table 6 & 7)

A few essential oils are considered A few essential oils are considered abortifacients, meaning they have the potential abortifacients, meaning they have the potential to cause abortion. (See Table 8)to cause abortion. (See Table 8)

Be sure to avoid all essential oils that may be Be sure to avoid all essential oils that may be unsafe during this time.unsafe during this time.

PregnancyPregnancy

It is recommended that a 1% dilution (of the It is recommended that a 1% dilution (of the safe oils), instead of the typical 2% dilution be safe oils), instead of the typical 2% dilution be used for body oils and lotions for expectant used for body oils and lotions for expectant mothers. (See Table 9)mothers. (See Table 9)

Essential oils are best avoided in the first Essential oils are best avoided in the first trimester of pregnancy, especially if history of trimester of pregnancy, especially if history of miscarriages is present.miscarriages is present.

Morning Sickness and Fainting – Add 2 drops Morning Sickness and Fainting – Add 2 drops of Lavender to a tissue and inhale deeply. of Lavender to a tissue and inhale deeply. Repeat till you feel better.Repeat till you feel better.

Pregnancy - RelaxationPregnancy - Relaxation

Baby and Child careBaby and Child care

Aromatherapy is invaluable when caring Aromatherapy is invaluable when caring for young children.for young children.

Careful use of pure, natural essential oils Careful use of pure, natural essential oils provides a natural alternative to chemical provides a natural alternative to chemical drugs.drugs.

Essential oils can be used for everyday Essential oils can be used for everyday common ailments and as a complementary common ailments and as a complementary treatment for general wellbeing.treatment for general wellbeing.


Essential oils are not intended to replace the Essential oils are not intended to replace the health care practitioner, however, and for health care practitioner, however, and for serious or ongoing condition a professional serious or ongoing condition a professional should be consulted.should be consulted.

Children from as young as 48 hours old can Children from as young as 48 hours old can be gently massaged daily using lavender be gently massaged daily using lavender and chamomile oils. This will help bond and chamomile oils. This will help bond mother and baby and ensure security and mother and baby and ensure security and stability. Apricot kernel or jojoba carrier oil stability. Apricot kernel or jojoba carrier oil is very nourishing for young skin.is very nourishing for young skin.


Use with care, in accordance with age:Use with care, in accordance with age: Babies (0-12 months) – use 1 drop of Babies (0-12 months) – use 1 drop of

Lavender, Rose, Chamomile or Mandarin Lavender, Rose, Chamomile or Mandarin diluted in 1 – 2 tsp base oil for massage diluted in 1 – 2 tsp base oil for massage or bathing.or bathing.

Infants (1-5 years) – use 2-3 drops of Infants (1-5 years) – use 2-3 drops of ‘safe’ essential oils (non-toxic and non-‘safe’ essential oils (non-toxic and non-irritant to the skin), diluted in 1tsp base irritant to the skin), diluted in 1tsp base oil for massage or bathing.oil for massage or bathing.


Children (6-12 years) – use as for adults, but Children (6-12 years) – use as for adults, but in half the stated amount.in half the stated amount.

Teenagers (over 12 years) – use as directed for Teenagers (over 12 years) – use as directed for adults.adults.

For the bath, use 1 drop of Lavender oil in 1 For the bath, use 1 drop of Lavender oil in 1 teaspoon of carrier oil.teaspoon of carrier oil.

For massage, blend 1 drop of Lavender or For massage, blend 1 drop of Lavender or Chamomile oil to 10 ml of carrier oil. These Chamomile oil to 10 ml of carrier oil. These two oils calm the nervous system.two oils calm the nervous system.

Beauty and Skin careBeauty and Skin care

A healthy, glowing skin is the basis for A healthy, glowing skin is the basis for looking and feeling great. looking and feeling great.

Using natural products with essential oils, Using natural products with essential oils, which have nourishing and healing properties which have nourishing and healing properties that penetrate the skin, you are on the way to that penetrate the skin, you are on the way to healthier younger-looking skin.healthier younger-looking skin.


Please refer to: Please refer to: Table 10 for Essential Oils for Complexion Table 10 for Essential Oils for Complexion

TypesTypes Table 11 for Skin Care ChartsTable 11 for Skin Care Charts


Skin-Care Properties of Essential Oils:Skin-Care Properties of Essential Oils: Penetrate to the dermal layer of skin Penetrate to the dermal layer of skin

where new cells are developing;where new cells are developing; Stimulate and regenerate; produce healthy Stimulate and regenerate; produce healthy

skin cells quickly following sun damage, skin cells quickly following sun damage, burns, wrinkles or healing of wounds;burns, wrinkles or healing of wounds;

Reduce bacterial and fungal infections, Reduce bacterial and fungal infections, acne and other related skin problems;acne and other related skin problems;


Soothe delicate, sensitive, inflamed skin;Soothe delicate, sensitive, inflamed skin; Regulate sebaceous secretions, Regulate sebaceous secretions,

balancing over-or underactive skin;balancing over-or underactive skin; Promote the release and removal of Promote the release and removal of

metabolic waste products;metabolic waste products; Contain plant ‘hormones’ that help Contain plant ‘hormones’ that help

balance and alleviate hormonally related balance and alleviate hormonally related skin problems;skin problems;


Skin-Care Properties of Essential Oils (cont.):Skin-Care Properties of Essential Oils (cont.): Affect the mental and emotional state Affect the mental and emotional state

positively, thus alleviating stress-related skin positively, thus alleviating stress-related skin problems.problems.

Please see:Please see: Table 12 for Essential Oils For Facial Table 12 for Essential Oils For Facial

Treatments.Treatments. Table 13 for Essential Oils for Skin Problems.Table 13 for Essential Oils for Skin Problems.

Treating Common AilmentsTreating Common Ailments Essential Oils assist the body to heal itself by Essential Oils assist the body to heal itself by

lowering stress levels, relaxing and toning the lowering stress levels, relaxing and toning the muscles, stimulating the immune system, the muscles, stimulating the immune system, the organs and the glands in the body to fight organs and the glands in the body to fight bacteria, fungi and viruses.bacteria, fungi and viruses.

These oils can be used to relieve symptoms These oils can be used to relieve symptoms and help the natural healing of common, and help the natural healing of common, everyday ailments.everyday ailments.

Please see Table 14 for Essential Oils for Please see Table 14 for Essential Oils for Treating Common Ailments.Treating Common Ailments.

Aromatherapy CareAromatherapy Care

Please refer to:Please refer to: Table 15 for Essential Oils For Body Table 15 for Essential Oils For Body

TreatmentsTreatments Table 16 for Essential Oils for Physical Table 16 for Essential Oils for Physical

ProblemsProblems Table 17 for Fragrances for EmotionsTable 17 for Fragrances for Emotions Table 18 for Essential Oils for Hair Table 18 for Essential Oils for Hair

CareCare

Aromatherapy MassageAromatherapy Massage


The purpose of aromatherapy massage is The purpose of aromatherapy massage is to aid the penetration of essential oils into to aid the penetration of essential oils into the body and to treat problem areas.the body and to treat problem areas.

Massage can be stimulating or relaxing Massage can be stimulating or relaxing depending on the oils used and the depending on the oils used and the technique applied.technique applied.

It is an effective way to relieve stress, It is an effective way to relieve stress, anxiety and tension.anxiety and tension.


Aromatherapy massage combines the Aromatherapy massage combines the balancing properties of the essential oils balancing properties of the essential oils with the relaxing benefits of touch.with the relaxing benefits of touch.

As the oils are absorbed into the skin and As the oils are absorbed into the skin and the muscles relax, the therapeutic benefits the muscles relax, the therapeutic benefits manifest.manifest.

Psychologically, massage promotes a Psychologically, massage promotes a wonderful feeling of lightness and wonderful feeling of lightness and wellbeing.wellbeing.

Island Massage TherapyIsland Massage Therapy


Massage not only soothes the mind and Massage not only soothes the mind and body, but it has numerous other benefits.body, but it has numerous other benefits.

A good aromatherapy massage will:A good aromatherapy massage will: Increase metabolism.Increase metabolism. Speed up the healing process.Speed up the healing process. Enhance the removal of toxins.Enhance the removal of toxins. Increase muscle and joint mobility.Increase muscle and joint mobility.


Aid relaxation by calming the nervous Aid relaxation by calming the nervous system.system.

Relieve mental and physical tiredness.Relieve mental and physical tiredness. Reduce aches, pains, spasms and Reduce aches, pains, spasms and

stiffness.stiffness. Improve digestion.Improve digestion. Improve skin tone.Improve skin tone. Improve circulation of blood and lymph.Improve circulation of blood and lymph.

Relaxing MassageRelaxing Massage

Massage dosage guideMassage dosage guide

Massage oil:Massage oil: A 2.5% dilution is recommended A 2.5% dilution is recommended for adults & 1% for children under 12. for adults & 1% for children under 12.

To determine this dilution in drops, figure out To determine this dilution in drops, figure out how many ml (or cc) are in the bottle you are how many ml (or cc) are in the bottle you are using, then divide that number by 2.using, then divide that number by 2. Example: You have a 30 ml bottle of carrier oil Example: You have a 30 ml bottle of carrier oil

that you are going to use for your blend.that you are going to use for your blend.30/2 = 1530/2 = 15Therefore, a 2.5% blend for a 30 ml bottle is 15 Therefore, a 2.5% blend for a 30 ml bottle is 15 drops of essential oil. You can add 15 drops to 30 drops of essential oil. You can add 15 drops to 30 ml of whatever carrier oil you are using.ml of whatever carrier oil you are using.

Popular Aromatherapy OilsPopular Aromatherapy Oils

BasilBasil BergamotBergamot CedarwoodCedarwood ChamomileChamomile Clary sageClary sage EucalyptusEucalyptus GeraniumGeranium GingerGinger GrapefruitGrapefruit JasmineJasmine LavenderLavender LemonLemon LemongrassLemongrass LimeLime Mandarin Mandarin MarjoramMarjoram

Popular Aromatherapy OilsPopular Aromatherapy Oils

MelissaMelissa NeroliNeroli OrangeOrange PatchouliPatchouli Peppermint Peppermint PetitgrainPetitgrain PinePine RoseRose RosemaryRosemary Rosewood (Bois de Rose) Rosewood (Bois de Rose) SandalwoodSandalwood Tea treeTea tree VetiverVetiver Ylang ylangYlang ylang

Basil Basil

Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicum The aphrodisiac oil.The aphrodisiac oil. Used for nervous insomnia, anxiety and Used for nervous insomnia, anxiety and

tiredness.tiredness. Helpful for insect bites, headaches, Helpful for insect bites, headaches,

muscular aches and pains.muscular aches and pains. Avoid during pregnancy.Avoid during pregnancy. Use with caution on sensitive skin, as it Use with caution on sensitive skin, as it

can be an irritant.can be an irritant.

Bergamot Bergamot

Citrus aurantiumCitrus aurantium The uplifting oil.The uplifting oil. Good for relaxing tight, aching Good for relaxing tight, aching

muscles.muscles. For massage, it is extremely versatile For massage, it is extremely versatile

and can lift any blend.and can lift any blend. Do not use when going in the sun. Do not use when going in the sun.

Because it is phototoxic!Because it is phototoxic!

Cedarwood (Atlas) Cedarwood (Atlas) Cedrus atlanticaCedrus atlantica A refreshing oil for men.A refreshing oil for men. It has a stimulating, refreshing and tonic effect It has a stimulating, refreshing and tonic effect

on the body.on the body. It is good for dandruff, eczema, greasy skin It is good for dandruff, eczema, greasy skin

and acne.and acne. It is an effective insect repellent.It is an effective insect repellent. Avoid during pregnancy. Avoid during pregnancy. Should be avoided by breast-feeding mothers Should be avoided by breast-feeding mothers

and by children.and by children.

Chamomile Chamomile

Chamaemelum nobileChamaemelum nobile The soothing oil.The soothing oil. Is a natural anti-inflammatory with great Is a natural anti-inflammatory with great

healing properties as well as relaxing healing properties as well as relaxing sedative benefits.sedative benefits.

Is an expensive oil and you can substitute Is an expensive oil and you can substitute some drops with Lavender when using to some drops with Lavender when using to ease pain.ease pain.

Safe for use on babies, children and pets.Safe for use on babies, children and pets.

Clary SageClary Sage

Salvia sclareaSalvia sclarea The anti-depressant oil.The anti-depressant oil. Calming, promotes a peaceful state of Calming, promotes a peaceful state of

mind and restful sleep.mind and restful sleep. Improves mental clarity and alertness, and Improves mental clarity and alertness, and

reduces stress and tension.reduces stress and tension. Is well known for its euphoric action.Is well known for its euphoric action. Not to be used during pregnancy.Not to be used during pregnancy.

Eucalyptus Eucalyptus

Eucalyptus globulusEucalyptus globulus The perfect insect repellent.The perfect insect repellent. Because it prevents bacterial growth and Because it prevents bacterial growth and

inhibits the growth of viruses, it is used to inhibits the growth of viruses, it is used to treat burns, blisters, cuts, herpes, wounds and treat burns, blisters, cuts, herpes, wounds and sores.sores.

It can soothe the pain of sore muscles, It can soothe the pain of sore muscles, arthritis and rheumatism.arthritis and rheumatism.

Do not use whilst on homeopathic remedies.Do not use whilst on homeopathic remedies.

Geranium Geranium

Pelargonium graveolensPelargonium graveolens The women’s oil.The women’s oil. It has a regulatory action on the hormones It has a regulatory action on the hormones

secreted by the adrenal cortex. Ideal for secreted by the adrenal cortex. Ideal for PMT and menopause.PMT and menopause.

It reduces stress and tension.It reduces stress and tension. Is calming and uplifting, speeds body Is calming and uplifting, speeds body

healing, and eases depression healing, and eases depression And is helpful in managing asthma.And is helpful in managing asthma.

Ginger Ginger

Zingiber officinaleZingiber officinale The warming oil.The warming oil. A warming oil that relaxes tight muscles, A warming oil that relaxes tight muscles,

relieve aches and pains, making it a natural relieve aches and pains, making it a natural choice to threat arthritis.choice to threat arthritis.

Useful in the treatment of cold and coughs.Useful in the treatment of cold and coughs. Also improves digestion as it stimulates Also improves digestion as it stimulates

the gastric juices.the gastric juices.

Grapefruit Grapefruit

Citrus paradisiCitrus paradisi The cellulite oil.The cellulite oil. It has an uplifting and reviving effect, making It has an uplifting and reviving effect, making

it useful in treating stress, depression and it useful in treating stress, depression and nervous exhaustion.nervous exhaustion.

Is a lymphatic stimulant, so it is helpful in the Is a lymphatic stimulant, so it is helpful in the treatment of water retention as well as having treatment of water retention as well as having fat-dissolving properties.fat-dissolving properties.

A very safe oil to use. It is non-toxic, non-A very safe oil to use. It is non-toxic, non-irritant and is non-phototoxic!irritant and is non-phototoxic!

Jasmine Jasmine

Jasminum grandiflorumJasminum grandiflorum The romantic oil.The romantic oil. Uplifting, relaxing and an excellent brain Uplifting, relaxing and an excellent brain

stimulant.stimulant. It is good for dry sensitive skins and to treat It is good for dry sensitive skins and to treat

muscular aches and menstrual cramps.muscular aches and menstrual cramps. Always use this oil to lighten the emotional Always use this oil to lighten the emotional

load.load. Not to be used during pregnancy.Not to be used during pregnancy.

Lavender Lavender

Lavandula angustifoliaLavandula angustifolia Essential oil for the first aid kit.Essential oil for the first aid kit. Generally regarded as the most versatile Generally regarded as the most versatile

essence therapeutically.essence therapeutically. Is well known for its sedative properties and is Is well known for its sedative properties and is

useful in treating depression, migraine, useful in treating depression, migraine, insomnia and nervous tension as well as insomnia and nervous tension as well as dealing with stress.dealing with stress.

Can be used neat on burns and even sunburn.Can be used neat on burns and even sunburn.

Lemon Lemon

Citrus limonCitrus limon The cleansing oil.The cleansing oil. Is stimulating, invigorating, astringent, Is stimulating, invigorating, astringent,

deodorizing and antiseptic.deodorizing and antiseptic. Very helpful in treating mental exhaustion. Very helpful in treating mental exhaustion.

Also for energizing an aching body.Also for energizing an aching body. Used in treatment of celluliteUsed in treatment of cellulite Is phototoxic!Is phototoxic!

Lemongrass Lemongrass Cymbopogon flexuosusCymbopogon flexuosus The regenerative oil.The regenerative oil. A good tonic for the skin, especially useful for A good tonic for the skin, especially useful for

athlete’s foot.athlete’s foot. It kills bacteria and fungal infections.It kills bacteria and fungal infections. It cools and reduces fever in the body and helps It cools and reduces fever in the body and helps

ease aching muscles.ease aching muscles. It calms the nervous system relieving It calms the nervous system relieving

depression, stress and nervous exhaustion.depression, stress and nervous exhaustion. Use with care on sensitive skins – it can cause Use with care on sensitive skins – it can cause

irritation due to high citrus content!irritation due to high citrus content!

Lime Lime

Citrus aurantifoliaCitrus aurantifolia The uplifting oil.The uplifting oil. Is antibacterial, antifungal and antiseptic.Is antibacterial, antifungal and antiseptic. A great stimulant and tonic.A great stimulant and tonic. Very useful for treating colds and flu, Very useful for treating colds and flu,

cellulite, poor circulation, greasy skin, cellulite, poor circulation, greasy skin, arthritis and varicose veins.arthritis and varicose veins.

Is phototoxic!Is phototoxic!

Mandarin Mandarin Citrus reticulataCitrus reticulata The children’s oil.The children’s oil. Having great digestive properties, it relieves Having great digestive properties, it relieves

cramps, spasms and stimulates bile production.cramps, spasms and stimulates bile production. It also aids digestion, constipation and It also aids digestion, constipation and

hiccoughs.hiccoughs. A great oil to be used for stretch marks, scars A great oil to be used for stretch marks, scars

and aging skin. Use this oil during pregnancy to and aging skin. Use this oil during pregnancy to help reduce stretch marks.help reduce stretch marks.

Is phototoxic!Is phototoxic!

Marjoram Marjoram

Origanum majoranaOriganum majorana The calming oil.The calming oil. It relieves tight muscles, aches and pains.It relieves tight muscles, aches and pains. Reduces inflammation, improves digestion Reduces inflammation, improves digestion

and helps relieve congestion.and helps relieve congestion. Avoid during pregnancy.Avoid during pregnancy. Avoid if you suffer from low blood Avoid if you suffer from low blood

pressure.pressure.

Melissa Melissa Melissa officinalisMelissa officinalis The heart oil.The heart oil. Also known as Balm, Lemon.Also known as Balm, Lemon. It calms and soothes the skin as well as It calms and soothes the skin as well as

soothing the mind by calming the nervous soothing the mind by calming the nervous system.system.

Respiratory-related allergies respond well to Respiratory-related allergies respond well to it.it.

It offers relief for problems of the digestive It offers relief for problems of the digestive or circulatory system.or circulatory system.

Neroli Neroli Citrus aurantiumCitrus aurantium The mind, body and soul oil.The mind, body and soul oil. It helps prevent wrinkles, stretch marks and thread It helps prevent wrinkles, stretch marks and thread

veins.veins. It has a deep tranquilizing effect and is used for It has a deep tranquilizing effect and is used for

treating anxiety, depression, palpitations and treating anxiety, depression, palpitations and nervous disorders.nervous disorders.

It can relieve diarrhoea, indigestion, cramps and It can relieve diarrhoea, indigestion, cramps and spasms and help expel gas from the intestines.spasms and help expel gas from the intestines.

Safe and ideal to use during pregnancy.Safe and ideal to use during pregnancy.

Orange Orange

Citrus sinensisCitrus sinensis A calming and relaxing oil.A calming and relaxing oil. It has a refreshing and stimulating effect on It has a refreshing and stimulating effect on

the body whilst leaving you relaxed. It the body whilst leaving you relaxed. It rejuvenates skin.rejuvenates skin.

Excellent oil for calming children as well as Excellent oil for calming children as well as for reducing colds and flu.for reducing colds and flu.

Is phototoxic!Is phototoxic! Do not use when pregnant.Do not use when pregnant.

Patchouli Patchouli

Pogostemon cablinPogostemon cablin The general tonic oil.The general tonic oil. Useful in treatment of eczema, acne, scalp Useful in treatment of eczema, acne, scalp

and fungal infection of the skin.and fungal infection of the skin. For anxiety and depression, it helps keep For anxiety and depression, it helps keep

one in touch with reality whilst encouraging one in touch with reality whilst encouraging spiritual wellbeing.spiritual wellbeing.

Has a strong exotic perfume smell.Has a strong exotic perfume smell. Safe to use. Non-toxic.Safe to use. Non-toxic.

Peppermint Peppermint Mentha piperitaMentha piperita The soothing digestion oil.The soothing digestion oil. The cooling and refreshing effect on the The cooling and refreshing effect on the

body brings temporary relief from body brings temporary relief from headaches, mental fatigue, toothache, headaches, mental fatigue, toothache, sinusitis, travel sickness, sunburn, upset sinusitis, travel sickness, sunburn, upset stomachs and hangovers.stomachs and hangovers.

Avoid during pregnancy.Avoid during pregnancy. Use with care on sensitive skins – it can be Use with care on sensitive skins – it can be

an irritant due to high menthol content.an irritant due to high menthol content.

Petitgrain Petitgrain

Citrus aurantium var.amaraCitrus aurantium var.amara The nerve oil.The nerve oil. It’s properties include being anti-It’s properties include being anti-

depressant, deodorizing and a sedative.depressant, deodorizing and a sedative. Use in your diffuser and inhale to reduce Use in your diffuser and inhale to reduce

depression and to clear a confused mind.depression and to clear a confused mind. Non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitizing Non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitizing

and non-phototoxic.and non-phototoxic.

Pine Pine Pinus sylvestrisPinus sylvestris The respiratory oil.The respiratory oil. One of the best oils to treat head lice, sores, cuts One of the best oils to treat head lice, sores, cuts

and scabies.and scabies. It has a great effect on the respiratory system It has a great effect on the respiratory system

and helps to loosen and remove mucus.and helps to loosen and remove mucus. Useful in the treatment of bronchitis, coughs, Useful in the treatment of bronchitis, coughs,

sore throats, colds, flu, asthma and for muscular sore throats, colds, flu, asthma and for muscular aches and pains, arthritis and rheumatism.aches and pains, arthritis and rheumatism.

Avoid in allergic conditions.Avoid in allergic conditions.

Rose Rose

Rosa damascenaRosa damascena The beauty oil.The beauty oil. It prevents and reduces scaring.It prevents and reduces scaring. It is a helpful oil for asthma and chronic It is a helpful oil for asthma and chronic

bronchitis.bronchitis. The beautiful fragrance helps bring balance The beautiful fragrance helps bring balance

and harmony as well as stimulating and and harmony as well as stimulating and elevating the mind.elevating the mind.

Non-toxic and safe to use.Non-toxic and safe to use.

Rosemary Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalisRosmarinus officinalis The oil for protection.The oil for protection. It is a powerful stimulant and has impressive It is a powerful stimulant and has impressive

healing properties, strengthening the nervous healing properties, strengthening the nervous system, improving memory and restoring sense of system, improving memory and restoring sense of smell.smell.

It can ease the pain of arthritis, gout, rheumatism, It can ease the pain of arthritis, gout, rheumatism, stiff and sore muscles. Also used with success in stiff and sore muscles. Also used with success in treating asthma, colds, flu, bronchitis and coughs.treating asthma, colds, flu, bronchitis and coughs.

Avoid during pregnancy and if suffering from Avoid during pregnancy and if suffering from epilepsy.epilepsy.

Rosewood Rosewood

Aniba rosaeodoraAniba rosaeodora A gentle balancing oil.A gentle balancing oil. It is soothing, uplifting, refreshing It is soothing, uplifting, refreshing

and balancing.and balancing. It is calming and relaxing for the It is calming and relaxing for the

emotions and gently sensual.emotions and gently sensual. Non-toxic and safe to use.Non-toxic and safe to use.

Tea TreeTea Tree

Melaleuca alternifoliaMelaleuca alternifolia First aid in a bottle.First aid in a bottle. It has many outstanding properties. It can be It has many outstanding properties. It can be

used to treat anything from blisters, boils, used to treat anything from blisters, boils, burns, rashes, gingivitis, mouth ulcers, burns, burns, rashes, gingivitis, mouth ulcers, burns, insect bites, nappy rash, ringworm to insect bites, nappy rash, ringworm to athlete’s foot and thrush, infected wounds, athlete’s foot and thrush, infected wounds, coldsores, corns and warts!coldsores, corns and warts!

Non-toxic and safe to use. Repeated neat Non-toxic and safe to use. Repeated neat application might induce sensitization!application might induce sensitization!

Vetiver Vetiver

Vetiveria zizanoidesVetiveria zizanoides The oil of tranquility.The oil of tranquility. One of the best oils to use to strengthen the One of the best oils to use to strengthen the

immune system. It is a deeply relaxing oil.immune system. It is a deeply relaxing oil. It can be used to ease stress, lift depression, It can be used to ease stress, lift depression,

calm the nerves and for insomnia.calm the nerves and for insomnia. Its antiseptic properties heal acne, cuts and Its antiseptic properties heal acne, cuts and

infected wounds.infected wounds. Non-toxic, non-irritant. Safe to use.Non-toxic, non-irritant. Safe to use.

Ylang YlangYlang Ylang Cananga odorataCananga odorata The sensual oil.The sensual oil. The first distillate (about 40%) is called Ylang Ylang The first distillate (about 40%) is called Ylang Ylang

Extra, which is the top grade. There are then three Extra, which is the top grade. There are then three further successive distillates, called Grades 1, 2 and 3.further successive distillates, called Grades 1, 2 and 3.

Deeply relaxing, de-stressing, soothes troubled mind Deeply relaxing, de-stressing, soothes troubled mind and spirit.and spirit.

Thought to be an aphrodisiac.Thought to be an aphrodisiac. Non-toxic, however, some people find the sweet Non-toxic, however, some people find the sweet

fragrance causes a headache or nausea.fragrance causes a headache or nausea.

Carrier OilsCarrier Oils

Carrier oils or vegetable oils are also known as Carrier oils or vegetable oils are also known as base oils.base oils.

Base oils are vegetable, nut, or seed oils, many Base oils are vegetable, nut, or seed oils, many of which themselves have therapeutic properties.of which themselves have therapeutic properties.

Vegetable oils are obtained from the seeds of Vegetable oils are obtained from the seeds of plants that grow all over the world.plants that grow all over the world.

There are several hundred different plants There are several hundred different plants known to have oil-bearing seeds, but only a few known to have oil-bearing seeds, but only a few are produced commercially.are produced commercially.

Carrier OilsCarrier Oils Vegetable oils are in the main produced for Vegetable oils are in the main produced for

food, and are a good source of nutrients and food, and are a good source of nutrients and energy.energy.

They enable the body to produce heat and are They enable the body to produce heat and are a good source of protein, as well as providing a good source of protein, as well as providing lubricants and cooking materials for industry lubricants and cooking materials for industry and home use.and home use.

The vegetable oils used in aromatherapy The vegetable oils used in aromatherapy should be cold pressed, as the oils on your should be cold pressed, as the oils on your supermarket shelves may have been supermarket shelves may have been processed with a chemical agent.processed with a chemical agent.

Carrier OilsCarrier Oils

Essential oils in the pure state are too highly Essential oils in the pure state are too highly concentrated to be used directly on the skin. concentrated to be used directly on the skin. Therefore you need to dilute them in a base Therefore you need to dilute them in a base oil, so that they can be massaged or rubbed oil, so that they can be massaged or rubbed onto the skin in the correct dosage.onto the skin in the correct dosage.

One drop of an essential oil may be all you One drop of an essential oil may be all you need to use, which obviously will not go need to use, which obviously will not go very far. But when it is diluted in a base oil, very far. But when it is diluted in a base oil, it will cover quite a much larger area.it will cover quite a much larger area.

Diluting Essential OilsDiluting Essential Oils

Use the following measurements as a Use the following measurements as a guideline when diluting the essential oils in a guideline when diluting the essential oils in a carrier base oil.carrier base oil.

0 - 1 drop into 1/5 teaspoon base oil 0 - 1 drop into 1/5 teaspoon base oil 2 - 5 drops into 1 teaspoon base oil 2 - 5 drops into 1 teaspoon base oil 4 - 10 drops into 2 teaspoons base oil 4 - 10 drops into 2 teaspoons base oil 6 - 15 drops into 1 tablespoon base oil 6 - 15 drops into 1 tablespoon base oil 8 - 20 drops into 4 teaspoons base oil 8 - 20 drops into 4 teaspoons base oil 10 - 15 drops into 5 teaspoons base oil 10 - 15 drops into 5 teaspoons base oil 12 - 30 drops into 2 tablespoons base oil 12 - 30 drops into 2 tablespoons base oil

Popular Carrier OilsPopular Carrier Oils

Almond oil (sweet)Almond oil (sweet) Apricot kernel oilApricot kernel oil Avocado oilAvocado oil Evening primrose oilEvening primrose oil Grapeseed oilGrapeseed oil Jojoba oilJojoba oil Rosehip seed oilRosehip seed oil Virgin coconut oilVirgin coconut oil Wheatgerm oilWheatgerm oil

Almond Oil (Sweet)Almond Oil (Sweet)

A fine, very pale yellow oil.A fine, very pale yellow oil. Slow to become rancid.Slow to become rancid. Rapidly absorbed; excellent for oily, Rapidly absorbed; excellent for oily,

sensitive skins.sensitive skins. Recommended for body massage even Recommended for body massage even

in newborn babies.in newborn babies. A useful source of Vitamin D.A useful source of Vitamin D.

Apricot Kernel OilApricot Kernel Oil

Pale yellow, rich in Vitamins E and Pale yellow, rich in Vitamins E and A.A.

Easily absorbed by the skin, Easily absorbed by the skin, nourishing and moisturizing.nourishing and moisturizing.

It is suitable for facial treatments.It is suitable for facial treatments. Especially suitable for sensitive and Especially suitable for sensitive and

inflamed dry skin.inflamed dry skin.

Avocado OilAvocado Oil Rich, nourishing and compatible with the Rich, nourishing and compatible with the

skin’s own sebum.skin’s own sebum. High in Vitamins A, C and E.High in Vitamins A, C and E. It aids regeneration of scarred skin.It aids regeneration of scarred skin. Recommended for facial and body Recommended for facial and body

treatments.treatments. Although thick, it leaves the skin feeling Although thick, it leaves the skin feeling

smooth and silky.smooth and silky. Useful in treating dry and mature skin as well Useful in treating dry and mature skin as well

as nappy rash and eczema.as nappy rash and eczema.

Evening Primrose OilEvening Primrose Oil

Excellent, pale-yellow carrier oil, rich in Excellent, pale-yellow carrier oil, rich in fatty acids, particularly gamma linolenic fatty acids, particularly gamma linolenic acid (GLA). This acid affects much acid (GLA). This acid affects much enzyme activity in the body.enzyme activity in the body.

Effective in the treatment of eczema, Effective in the treatment of eczema, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, premenstrual syndrome and weight premenstrual syndrome and weight reduction when used as a massage oil.reduction when used as a massage oil.

Grapeseed OilGrapeseed Oil

Very fine and clear, giving a satin-Very fine and clear, giving a satin-smooth finish without a greasy touch.smooth finish without a greasy touch.

Most often used as a bath oil.Most often used as a bath oil. When diluting essential oil in this When diluting essential oil in this

carrier oil, it needs to be dispersed carrier oil, it needs to be dispersed well throughout the water when used well throughout the water when used in aromatic bath.in aromatic bath.

Jojoba OilJojoba Oil

The most luxurious of all the carrier oils.The most luxurious of all the carrier oils. It is in fact a wax pressed from the bean of It is in fact a wax pressed from the bean of

the plant.the plant. It does not go rancid.It does not go rancid. Light and rich in Vitamin E.Light and rich in Vitamin E. Gives a satin-smooth finish and feel to the Gives a satin-smooth finish and feel to the

skin.skin. Useful in treating acne, eczema, psoriasis Useful in treating acne, eczema, psoriasis

and inflamed skin.and inflamed skin.

Rosehip Seed OilRosehip Seed Oil

Good oil for cosmetics and for tissue Good oil for cosmetics and for tissue regeneration. regeneration.

Also good for eczema, psoriasis, PMS and Also good for eczema, psoriasis, PMS and menopause.menopause.

May be combined with Calendula infused oil May be combined with Calendula infused oil to treat stretch marks, burns or scars.to treat stretch marks, burns or scars.

Contains: GLA, linolenic acids, oleic acid and Contains: GLA, linolenic acids, oleic acid and palmitic acid.palmitic acid.

Goes rancid rather quickly!Goes rancid rather quickly!

Virgin Coconut OilVirgin Coconut Oil

It is one of the healthiest oils one can use on the It is one of the healthiest oils one can use on the skin because of its antioxidant properties.skin because of its antioxidant properties.

Is nature’s richest source of medium chain fatty Is nature’s richest source of medium chain fatty acids and has antimicrobial properties.acids and has antimicrobial properties.

It will absorb easily, keep the skin soft, and yet It will absorb easily, keep the skin soft, and yet without feeling greasy.without feeling greasy.

Unlike other oils, it can be used to soften rough, Unlike other oils, it can be used to soften rough, dry skin.dry skin.

It has a mild delicate aroma of coconut milk and It has a mild delicate aroma of coconut milk and is highly resistant to spoilage (long shelf-life).is highly resistant to spoilage (long shelf-life).

Wheatgerm OilWheatgerm Oil

Rich, nourishing, fine healing oil.Rich, nourishing, fine healing oil. Yellow-orange in colour.Yellow-orange in colour. It contains proteins, minerals and It contains proteins, minerals and

Vitamin E and is perfect for anti-Vitamin E and is perfect for anti-stretch-mark blends.stretch-mark blends.

Often recommended as addition to Often recommended as addition to other oils to increase stability and shelf other oils to increase stability and shelf life. life.

Getting startedGetting started

This workshop is not intended to enable you to This workshop is not intended to enable you to treat the public professionally or to replace treat the public professionally or to replace your general practitioner (doctor).your general practitioner (doctor).

It is intended to give you the confidence to use It is intended to give you the confidence to use essential oils safely, have fun, treat your essential oils safely, have fun, treat your friends and family and enjoy the wonderful friends and family and enjoy the wonderful benefits of aromatherapy in the home or benefits of aromatherapy in the home or office.office.

Treat simple everyday ailments, but if they Treat simple everyday ailments, but if they persist or become severe, then seek persist or become severe, then seek professional help.professional help.

Measurements Measurements

20 – 25 drops = 1 ml essential oil20 – 25 drops = 1 ml essential oil 1 ml essential oil = 1 cc1 ml essential oil = 1 cc 10 ml bottle contains 200 drops10 ml bottle contains 200 drops 100 drops = 5 ml = 5 cc = 1 teaspoon100 drops = 5 ml = 5 cc = 1 teaspoon 300 - 312 drops = 15 ml = 1/2 ounce = 1 300 - 312 drops = 15 ml = 1/2 ounce = 1

tablespoon tablespoon 600 - 625 drops = 30 ml = 1 ounce = 2 600 - 625 drops = 30 ml = 1 ounce = 2 tablespoontablespoon

Buying essential oilsBuying essential oils

Do try to find an established and reliable Do try to find an established and reliable supplier.supplier.

Do look out for a recommendation.Do look out for a recommendation. Do find an aromatherapy specialist.Do find an aromatherapy specialist. Do compare the prices of the oils. There Do compare the prices of the oils. There

should be a wide difference in prices. should be a wide difference in prices. Essential oil of jasmine or rose should be Essential oil of jasmine or rose should be far more expensive than lavender or lemon.far more expensive than lavender or lemon.


Do ask if the oils are 100% pure.Do ask if the oils are 100% pure. Do read labels carefully – check for words Do read labels carefully – check for words

such as ‘nature identical’ or ‘fragrance’ such as ‘nature identical’ or ‘fragrance’ indicating impurity.indicating impurity.

Do trust your nose. The more you use the Do trust your nose. The more you use the essential oils, the more easily you will be essential oils, the more easily you will be able to detect a ‘true’ essential oil.able to detect a ‘true’ essential oil.

Do put a few drops on a piece of blotting Do put a few drops on a piece of blotting paper or fairly thick paper and allow it to dry. paper or fairly thick paper and allow it to dry. If a mark is left behind, be suspicious.If a mark is left behind, be suspicious.


Do rub a drop of essential oil between your Do rub a drop of essential oil between your thumb and forefinger. There should thumb and forefinger. There should notnot be a be a greasy feel. Then quickly wash your hand.greasy feel. Then quickly wash your hand.

Do buy a small selection of oils to begin Do buy a small selection of oils to begin with. If you are happy with the quality, then with. If you are happy with the quality, then purchase more.purchase more.

Do not confuse essential oils with vegetable Do not confuse essential oils with vegetable oils, which are also sometimes called oils, which are also sometimes called "carrier" or "base" oils. "carrier" or "base" oils.

Storing and caring essential oilsStoring and caring essential oils

Oils should be stored in a cool (not cold) Oils should be stored in a cool (not cold) place, where they are not exposed to sunlight. place, where they are not exposed to sunlight. UV rays affect the quality of the oils.UV rays affect the quality of the oils.

Keep essential oils only in amber glass Keep essential oils only in amber glass bottles which can protect them from damage bottles which can protect them from damage by natural light.by natural light.

Refrigeration of essential oils is not Refrigeration of essential oils is not recommended since some can be spoiled by recommended since some can be spoiled by this procedure.this procedure.

Storing and caring essential oilsStoring and caring essential oils The shelf life of most essential oils is about 12 The shelf life of most essential oils is about 12

- 24 months, with proper handling. Some may - 24 months, with proper handling. Some may last as long as 5 years. (Citrus oils = 1 year) last as long as 5 years. (Citrus oils = 1 year)

Once essential oils have been diluted in a blend Once essential oils have been diluted in a blend containing a vegetable oil, the shelf life is containing a vegetable oil, the shelf life is reduced dramatically to between 3 and 6 reduced dramatically to between 3 and 6 months. Massage oils are always at their best months. Massage oils are always at their best when freshly prepared – this is why it’s not a when freshly prepared – this is why it’s not a good idea to buy them from a shop as you do good idea to buy them from a shop as you do not know how long ago it was blended.not know how long ago it was blended.


Do not decant (or transfer) them into plastic Do not decant (or transfer) them into plastic bottles, as they will buckle.bottles, as they will buckle.

Keep your oils at an even temperature. They Keep your oils at an even temperature. They are adversely affected by very hot or very are adversely affected by very hot or very cold conditions.cold conditions.

Always store oils out of reach of young Always store oils out of reach of young children. Essential oils are extremely potent. children. Essential oils are extremely potent. If they are swallowed, seek medical advice If they are swallowed, seek medical advice immediately.immediately.


Make sure that the bottles have flow Make sure that the bottles have flow reduction inserts in them to allow you to reduction inserts in them to allow you to gauge the number of drops. gauge the number of drops.

You should not keep them in bottles with You should not keep them in bottles with rubber stoppers or bottles with pipettes as rubber stoppers or bottles with pipettes as the rubber parts will be destroyed by the the rubber parts will be destroyed by the essential oils.essential oils.

Do not put them near a naked flame. Do not put them near a naked flame. Remember they are flammable.Remember they are flammable.


Open bottles only for use and keep caps Open bottles only for use and keep caps securely closed, as exposure to air (oxygen) securely closed, as exposure to air (oxygen) speeds the deterioration of any botanical speeds the deterioration of any botanical product, including essential oils. And product, including essential oils. And because they are extremely volatile, they because they are extremely volatile, they will evaporate readily.will evaporate readily.

Never put bottles onto a polished or plastic Never put bottles onto a polished or plastic surface, as accidental spills of essential oils surface, as accidental spills of essential oils will damage such surfaces.will damage such surfaces.


Store essential oils away from Store essential oils away from homeopathic medicines. Certain oils, such homeopathic medicines. Certain oils, such as Eucalyptus,, Peppermint and Tea Tree as Eucalyptus,, Peppermint and Tea Tree may affect homeopathic remedies.may affect homeopathic remedies.

LabelingLabeling

Useful information on a label on Useful information on a label on the bottle are:the bottle are: Essential oil name.Essential oil name. Botanical name of the oil.Botanical name of the oil. Source of the oil.Source of the oil. Percentage of dilution if any.Percentage of dilution if any. Date of expiry or production.Date of expiry or production. Quantity of oil (normally in ml).Quantity of oil (normally in ml).

Essential oils in your Starter KitEssential oils in your Starter Kit Eucalyptus oilEucalyptus oil Lavender oilLavender oil Lemon oilLemon oil Peppermint oilPeppermint oil Tea Tree oilTea Tree oil Ylang Ylang oilYlang Ylang oil Carrier oils – Grapeseed, Jojoba, Rosehip Seed Carrier oils – Grapeseed, Jojoba, Rosehip Seed

and Virgin Coconut Oil. and Virgin Coconut Oil. Aromatherapy starter kit may be ordered at Aromatherapy starter kit may be ordered at

email: [email protected]: [email protected]

RECIPESRECIPES

Please refer to following Recipes in Please refer to following Recipes in the CD:the CD: Aromatherapy BasicsAromatherapy Basics Aromatherapy RecipesAromatherapy Recipes 50 ways to use Essential Oils for 50 ways to use Essential Oils for

a cleaner, sweet-smelling lifea cleaner, sweet-smelling life

Relaxation with Aromatherapy & MusicRelaxation with Aromatherapy & Music

WarningWarning

Aromatherapy is not intended to replace Aromatherapy is not intended to replace traditional medicine or traditional healthcare. traditional medicine or traditional healthcare.

It is simply an avenue for you to take more It is simply an avenue for you to take more responsibility for your own health and to allow responsibility for your own health and to allow nature to do what it does best -- balance and nature to do what it does best -- balance and heal body, mind and spirit.heal body, mind and spirit.

You should always consult with your You should always consult with your healthcare professional before starting any healthcare professional before starting any nutritional, herbal, homeopathic, or dietary nutritional, herbal, homeopathic, or dietary supplement program.supplement program.

WarningWarning OriDient Sdn Bhd does not warrant and shall OriDient Sdn Bhd does not warrant and shall

have no liability for information provided in have no liability for information provided in this workshop regarding recommendations for this workshop regarding recommendations for any and all health issues. any and all health issues.

This information is provided only as a This information is provided only as a guideline to be used when discussing a guideline to be used when discussing a program with your healthcare professional. program with your healthcare professional.

We make no warranty, express or implied, We make no warranty, express or implied, regarding any product or service sold, regarding any product or service sold, including any warranty of merchantability or including any warranty of merchantability or fitness of a specific product.fitness of a specific product.

WarningWarning

The way each person responds to a The way each person responds to a particular product or treatment may be particular product or treatment may be significantly different from other people's significantly different from other people's reactions to the same treatment. reactions to the same treatment.

That is why it is crucial that you consult That is why it is crucial that you consult with your health care professional before with your health care professional before starting any new treatment or supplement starting any new treatment or supplement regimen sold by OriDient Sdn Bhd or any regimen sold by OriDient Sdn Bhd or any other company. other company.

Internet Resources / LinksInternet Resources / Links

Aromatherapy Global Online Research Aromatherapy Global Online Research Archives (AGORA) Index Archives (AGORA) Index http://users.erols.com/sisakson/pages/agoindex.htm

Aromatherapy and Essential Oils Aromatherapy and Essential Oils Information from AromaWeb Information from AromaWeb http://www.aromaweb.com/

The National Association for Holistic The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy (NAHA) Aromatherapy (NAHA) http://www.naha.org/

Internet Resources / LinksInternet Resources / Links

Aromatherapy Internet Resources Aromatherapy Internet Resources http://www.holisticmed.com/www/aromatherapy.html

Atlantic Institute of Aromatherapy Atlantic Institute of Aromatherapy http://atlanticinstitute.com/

The International Aromatherapy Journal & The International Aromatherapy Journal & Website Website http://www.aromatherapytoday.com/

References and Suggested ReadingReferences and Suggested Reading

Aromatherapy an A-Z – Patricia DavisAromatherapy an A-Z – Patricia Davis Aromatherapy – A Complete Guide to the Aromatherapy – A Complete Guide to the

Healing Art – Kathi Keville & Mindy GreenHealing Art – Kathi Keville & Mindy Green Aromatherapy – The Encyclopedia of Plants Aromatherapy – The Encyclopedia of Plants

and Oils and How they Help You – Daniele and Oils and How they Help You – Daniele Ryman Ryman

Aromatherapy for the Beauty Therapist – Aromatherapy for the Beauty Therapist – Valerie Ann Worwood.Valerie Ann Worwood.


Aromatherapy Massage – Clare Maxwell-Aromatherapy Massage – Clare Maxwell-HudsonHudson

Aromatherapy Massage – Margie HareAromatherapy Massage – Margie Hare Sensual Aromatherapy (a lover’s guide to Sensual Aromatherapy (a lover’s guide to

using aromatic oils and essences) – Nitya using aromatic oils and essences) – Nitya LacroixLacroix

Secrets of Aromatherapy – Jennie Secrets of Aromatherapy – Jennie HardingHarding

Aromatherapy BooksAromatherapy Books


The Complete Book of Essential Oils The Complete Book of Essential Oils & Aromatherapy – Valerie Ann & Aromatherapy – Valerie Ann WorwoodWorwood

The Encyclopedia of Aromatherapy – The Encyclopedia of Aromatherapy – Chrissie WildwoodChrissie Wildwood

The Encyclopaedia of Essential Oils The Encyclopaedia of Essential Oils – Julia Lawless– Julia Lawless

Aromatherapy BooksAromatherapy Books

Further WorkshopsFurther Workshops

Intermediate Aromatherapy WorkshopIntermediate Aromatherapy Workshop Creative therapeutic blendingCreative therapeutic blending Hydrosols / Floral Waters Hydrosols / Floral Waters Perfume blendingPerfume blending

Advanced Aromatherapy WorkshopAdvanced Aromatherapy Workshop AromatherapeuticsAromatherapeutics Massage techniquesMassage techniques Sensual AromatherapySensual Aromatherapy

INTRODUCTIONTOAROMATHERAPY. WHAT IS AROMATHERAPY ? Aromatherapy uses pure essential oils to balance...

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