Introduction to Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
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Introduction to Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
Chia-Jui Tsai
2007/3/25
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Outline
• Introduction• Choice Technology and Service• Research Challenges• Selected Research Results
– GST Telematics Platform– Scalability for Message Dissemination
• Conclusion
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Introduction
• Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) ,a subclass of
mobile Ad Hoc networks (MANETs). is a promising approach for future intelligent transportation system (ITS).
• The direct communication between vehicles using an Ad Hoc network, referred to as – inter-vehicle communication (IVC)– Car-to-car communication(C2CC)– vehicle ad hoc networks (VANETs)
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Introduction(Cont.)
• 智慧型運輸系統(ITS, Intelligent Transportation System) 乃是應用先進的電子,通信,資訊與感測等技術,以整合人,路,車的管理策略,提供即時(real-time) 的資訊而增進運輸系統的安全,效率及舒適性,同時也減少交通對環境的衝擊。
• ITS的技術骨幹– 感測技術
• 感測技術可用於車內及道路基礎建設,主要是獲取交通、道硌與氣象等資訊,若再搭配多重感測資料的整合技術,更可提供 24 小時且不受天又影響的資訊收集服務。
– 電腦技術• 電腦技術係用於高速處理得自感測系統的大量資料,而將其轉換成有用的資訊。
– 通信技術• 無線及有線的通信技術可迅速地將大量資訊傳送到車輛、攜帶型
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Motivation for VANET
• The main goal of VANET is increased driving comfort and safety.
• Use communication for new services– Collision warning– Up-to-date traffic information– Active navigation services– Weather information
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Choice Technology
• Wireless Access Technologies– IEEE 802.11 WLAN– GPRS/UMTS– Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC)– IEEE 802.11p (C2C Comm.)
• IEEE 1609
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DSRC Concept
• ITS 重要建置之一,專用於短距離之單向或雙向通訊無線通訊• 路側系統 (Road Side Unit, RSU) 與車輛單元 (On-Board Unit, OBU)
之通訊• 車輛單元 (OBU) 與車輛單元 (OBU) 之通訊
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DSRC Standards
• 歐、美、日等國之標準發展
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IEEE 802.11p• 又稱 WAVE ; Wireless Access in the Vehicular Environment• 是一個由 IEEE 802.11 標準擴充的通訊協定。這個通訊協定主要用在
車用電子的無線通訊上
• 設定上是從 IEEE 802.11 來擴充延伸,來符合智慧型運輸系統( Intelligent Transportation Systems , ITS )的相關應用
• 應用的層面包括高速率的車輛之間以及車輛與 5.9GHz ( 5.85-5.925GHz )波段的標準 ITS 路邊基礎設施之間的資料數據交換
• 按照官方正式的 802.11 工作計劃時間表,預定將於 2009 年 4 月公佈核定的 802.11p 修正案。
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IEEE 1609
• IEEE 1609 標準則是以 IEEE 802.11p 通訊協定為基礎的高層標準
• IEEE1609 制定的目的是提供一個將車輛的主要系統的資訊 ( 包含引擎,傳動系統,煞車,懸吊系統等 ) 與道路的基礎架構兩者相溝通的機制,它在 5.9 GHz 波段下操作,可與手機共同提供高速率資料。使用 IEEE 802.11 系列的無線區域網路通訊標準 802.11p( 由 IEEE 802.11a 發展而來 ) 作為底層的通訊技術,同時採用 IPv6 作為上層的通訊協定。
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IEEE 1609(Cont.)• IEEE1609 包括四個部份,目前所有的技術內容已經都審核通過,進
入測試使用的階段 – (1)IEEE 1609.1 -- WAVE Resource Manager ,其中規定了多個
遠程應用和資源管理間的控制互換流程。
– (2)IEEE 1609.2 -- WAVE Security Services for Applications and Management Messages ,其中包括了 WAVE 訊息安全抵制竊聽、電子欺詐和其他襲擊的方法。
– (3)IEEE 1609.3 -- WAVE Networking Services ,其中規定了通信協議的網路層與傳輸層。
– (4)IEEE 1609.4 -- WAVE Multi-Channel Operations ,提供了IEEE 802.11p MAC 對 WAVE 的支援。
• http://www.standards.its.dot.gov/fact_sheet.asp?f=80
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Choice Service
• Service Types– Car-to-Car Services– Car-to-Infrastructure Services– Portal-based Services
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Possible Services for C2C Networks
• Car-to-Car Services– Exchange of traffic information– Exchange of weather or road conditions
• Car-to-Infrastructure Services– Active road side infrastructure– Road Side Units (RSU) as information points
• Portal-based Services– Use of a Telematics platform– Services like „Pay-as-you-drive“ insurance
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Telematics platform
• Telematics 一詞是由” Telecommunication” 與” Informatics” 所組成
• 望文生義可知 Telematics 乃指車內應用之無線通訊、資訊擷取、與網際網路等技術之整合性系統。可以提供的功能包括保障汽車和用車人之安全,以及車內的通訊、連網、娛樂、資訊整合…等等,並可藉由設置入口網站及與內容提供者合作的方式,從事行動電子商務等加值性服務。
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Research Challenges for VANET
• Protocols and Wireless Access– Scalability Problem– Robust and reliable communication even at high speeds– Efficient data dissemination schemes for large networks
(>>100 nodes)
• Integration and Definition of Security and Privacy– Realization of efficient trust environments (PKI)– Reliability of nodes, routes, and messages– Sufficient anonymity for mobile nodes
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Overview of Selected Research Results
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The GST Telematics Service Platform
• GST: Global System for Telematics• Vision: Standard for Vehicular Telematics
Platforms– Open platform with reconfigurable services
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GST: Project Details & Status
• Integrated EU project (FP6)• Consortium with 49 companies
– OEMs: BMW, DaimlerCrysler, Fiat, Ford, Renault,Volvo
• Project Management: ERTICO• Vision/Goal: Open environment generate a⇒
de facto standard(業界標準 )
• http://www.gstforum.org/
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Scalability for Message Dissemination
• Many parallel information services
→ Network congestion• New approach: Use context information to
prioritize messages (benefit maximization)
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Scalability for Message Dissemination(Cont.)
• M=message , V=vehicle , I=information• ai=application-dependent factors• bi=application-dependent subfunctions
• all weighted parameters have to be summed up and divided by the sum of all ai , leading to a benefit value between 0 and 1.
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Conclusion
• 智慧型運輸系統 (Intelligent Transport Systems,ITS) 在未來可能改變我們生活的面貌 , 對社會以及個人產生巨大的影響
• 而可被視為 ITS 的一個重要的 key componet 的 Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks 在未來的可研究性 , 發展性 , 以及商業應用上面的潛力
都是值得讓人期待的
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Reference
• [1] Eichler, Stephan ; Schroth, Christoph ; Eberspächer, Jörg: “Car- to-Car Communication.” In: Proceedings of the VDE-Kongress - Innovations for Europe : VDE Verlag, 2006.- VDE-Kongress - Innovations for Europe.- Aachen, p. 6.- URL
http://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/Publikationen/30950
• [2] "Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs): Challenges and Perspectives", 6th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications, 2006.
• [3] Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC);馮治軍、張孟俊、李進農 ; 工研院電通所視訊與光通訊技術組傳輸技術部
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Reference(Cont.)
• [4] http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11p
• [5] TIMO KOSCH, CHRISTIAN J. ADLER, STEPHAN EICHLER, CHRISTOPH SCHROTH,
AND MARKUS STRASSBERGER,” THE SCALABILITY PROBLEM OF VEHICULAR
AD HOC NETWORKS AND HOW TO SOLVE IT”, IEEE Wireless Communications • October 2006
• [6] http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11/Reports/tgp_update.htm
• [7] http://standards.ieee.org/announcements/PR_radiocomstd.html
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