INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM

By Akkers O.N. This slide is a mush up of four

slides

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The tourism society…

Tourism is deemed to include any activity concerned with temporary short term movement of people to destinations outside the places where they normally live and work, and their activities during the stay at these destinations.

Definition by UNWTO

Tourism defined as “ the activities of persons traveling to and staying in place outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purpose”

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Understanding this definition

1. Visitor activity is concerned only with aspects of life outside normal routines of work and social commitments, and outside the location of those routines.

2. The activity necessitates travel and, in nearly every case, some form of transport to the destination.

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Understanding this definition

3. Specific destinations are the focus for a range of activities and a range of facilities required to support those activities.

4. Such activities and facilities have a combination of economic, social and physical environmental effects that are the basis for tourism policy and visitor management programmes.

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5 characteristics of this definition

1. There is nothing that restricts the total market to overnight stays; it includes same day visits.

2. There is nothing in it that restricts the total market to travel for leisure or pleasure. It includes travel for business, social, religious, educational, sports, and most other purposes.

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5 characteristics of this definition

3. All tourism includes an element of travel but all travel is not tourism. The definition excludes all routine commuter travel and purely local travel such as to neighbourhood shops, schools or hospitals, etc.

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5 characteristics of this definition

4. Travel and tourism absorbs large elements of individual leisure time and encompasses many recreational activities, but it is not synonymous with either because bulk of all leisure and recreation takes place in or around home.

5. All travel and tourism trips are temporary movements; the bulk of the total market comprises trips of no more than a few hours’ or nights’ duration.

Tourism Category

Tourism can be divided by four category:1. International tourism

1. Inbound tourism: Visits to a country by nonresidents

2. Outbound tourism: Visits by residents of a country to another country

2. Internal tourism : Visits by resident and non residents of the country of reference

3. Domestic tourism : Visits by residents of a country to their own country

4. National tourism : Internal tourism plus outbound tourism

Traveler Terminology for Tourism

All travelers are subdivided into two further categories:

Same-day Visitors: Visitors who do not spend for the night in a collective or private accommodation in the country visited. E.g. A cruise ship passengers spending four hours in a port or days-trippers visiting attraction.

Traveler Terminology for Tourism

Tourist: Visitors who travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for more than twenty-four (24) hours and not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited”.

Some types of tourists

Adventure Business Health or medical (VFR) visiting friends and relatives Leisure.

Tourist travelling to visit friends and relatives (VFR)

Tourist visiting friends and relatives (VFR) want to stay in contact with friends and relatives and travel away from home to visit them. These tourist may travel to attend a wedding, funeral, or birthday celebration of friends or relatives.

Purposes of Travel

Visiting Friends or Relatives Primary activities

Socialising Dining in Home entertainment

Secondary activities Dining out Physical recreation Shopping Sight-seeing Urban entertainment

Purposes of Travel

Pleasures Primary activities

Recreation Sight-seeing Dining out

Secondary activities VFR Convention Business Shopping

1.1 Tourists travelling for business and professional reasons

 

• Business tourist: travel is related to business and the world of work.

MESE which stands for meetings, exhibitions and special events. These are

all part of the business world. All major cities have conference centres that

cater for the needs of business tourists. An example of a business tourist

would be a salesman who travels to another city to attend a trade show

and promote the products he sells.

 

• Education tourists: travel to attend a place of learning in another town,

city, or country, in order to study for or improve a qualification. They may

also be people that attend workshops to learn new skills or improve existing

ones. A clinic nurse who travels to another province to attend a workshop

about infectious diseases is an example of an educational tourist.

Cont… 

• Incentive tourists: are people who are rewarded in the form of a company

paid holiday for their hard work, or for achieving goals set by their company.

This incentive to travel motivates employees to work harder, improves work

relationships, and builds team spirit. A salesman who receives a holiday

package for achieving the most sales in the company is an example of an

incentive tourist.

 

• Health or medical tourist: travel because they want to visit a holiday spa,

needs medical special treatment that is only available away from home,

undergo procedures that are cheaper in another country, or are recovering from

an illness in a healthier climate. Many tourist come from oversees countries to

South Africa to have plastic surgery.

 

Purposes of Travel

Business Primary activities

Conventions Consultations Inspection

Secondary activities Dining out Recreation Shopping Sight seeing VFR

Purposes of Travel

Other personal business Primary activities

Shopping Religious visit Medical appointment

Secondary activities Dining out VFR

Tourist travelling for leisure

and holiday reasons Adventure tourist: want an unusual and exciting

experience. They want to participate in activities that may

be dangerous, such as rock climbing, river rafting,

skydiving, shark cave diving and bungee jumping.

Cultural tourist: want to experience different cultures,

such as San rock art, or cultural related festivals such as

the National Art Festival in Grahams-town, or the

International Jazz Festival in Cape Town. They would also

want to experience the World Heritage Sites in the country.

Cont…

Eco-tourists: travel to experience nature such as

traveling to Bonita Gardens in Bloemfontein South Africa

Leisure tourist: want to rest and relax and have a break

from the usual routine Examples of this type of tourism

are a cruise on a cruise liner, a trip on a Blue train,

attending a special music special music performance or

relaxing on the beach.

 

Youth travel: backpackers and gap year travellers 

Backpacking or youth tourist: generally have little luggage, are on a budget, want to experience adventure and excitement, tend to travel independently, enjoy meeting other traveller, and have flexible travel schedules. A group of young tourists on a weekend walking tour in the mountains, or a student touring around the country by bus are examples of this group of tourist.

  Gap year travellers: do not study further or enter job

opportunity after school, instead they take break called a gap year. They travel, work and earn money, learn new skills or do volunteer work in another country. During this time they gain skills and life experience before starting tertiary education. These young people are also known as “gappers”.

Tourism sectors

Accommodation Adventure tourism and recreation Attractions Events and conference Food and beverages Tourism service Transports Travel trade

Accommodation sectorHotels/ motelsGuest houses/ B & BFarm housesApartments/ flats/ villas/ cottagesCondominiums/ time share resortsVacation villages/ holiday centresConference/ exhibition centresStatic and touring caravans/ camping sitesMarinas

Attraction sectorTheme parksMuseums and galleriesNational parksWildlife parksGardensHeritage sites and centresSports/ activity centresThemed retail/ leisure/ entertainment centresFestivals and events

Travel organizer's sectorTour operatorsTour wholesalers/ brokersRetail travel agentsConference organizersBooking agencies (e.g. accommodation)Incentive travel organizers

Destination organization sectorNational tourist offices (NTOs)Destination marketing organizations (DMOs)Regional/ state tourist officesLocal tourist officesTourist associations

Transport sectorAirlinesShipping lines/ ferriesRailwaysBus/ coach operatorsCar rental operators

Main sectors of the travel and

tourism industry

FOOD AND BEVERAGE

RESTAURANTSProvide food and

Beverage services and some entertainment

facilities.Discotheque, Tennis

court.Caters for families,

travelers and Holiday Makers.

Décor of such restaurants feature

higher quality materials with an eye towards the "atmosphere" desired by

the restaurateur.

NIGHT CLUBSNormally open in Nights

at Dinner, Dance and Celebrate.

A Dispensing Bar always provided Decor is Lavish

while service is elaborate.

Thank you

- End-

Reference list

ethelkondo, introduction to tourism. http://www.slideshare.net/ethelkondo/introduction-to-tourism?qid=85e9f748-11f8-4781-a4b8-d4e363337d00&v=default&b=&from_search=7 (Jun 20, 2012).

nimitchowdhary, Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management. http://www.slideshare.net/nimitchowdhary/01-introduction-to-tourism?qid=85e9f748-11f8-4781-a4b8-d4e363337d00&v=default&b=&from_search=1 (Sep 10, 2013).

Nkosinathi12, Introduction to tourism for grade 10 learners. http://www.slideshare.net/Nkosinathi12/introduction-to-tourism-for-grade-10-learners?qid=85e9f748-11f8-4781-a4b8-d4e363337d00&v=default&b=&from_search=9 (Mar 07, 2014).

TK1991ZITHA, Tourism for grade 10 12. http://www.slideshare.net/TK1991ZITHA/tourism-for-grade-10-12?qid=abe590d4-3e7a-4106-a56c-9e816b4f1eb1&v=default&b=&from_search=1 (Nov 08, 2012).